CN104126419A - Method for building old gingko tree excellent clonal seed orchard - Google Patents
Method for building old gingko tree excellent clonal seed orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN104126419A CN104126419A CN201410344679.6A CN201410344679A CN104126419A CN 104126419 A CN104126419 A CN 104126419A CN 201410344679 A CN201410344679 A CN 201410344679A CN 104126419 A CN104126419 A CN 104126419A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for building an old gingko tree excellent clonal seed orchard. A rejuvenation cion grafting method is adopted for building the old gingko tree clonal seed orchard to produce high-quality seeds. The characteristic that the gingko branch is easy to survive through grafting is utilized, the fast-growing, high-yield and high-quality female plant branches of old gingko trees are collected to build the clonal seed orchard through grafting, the branches of seed trees are firstly grafted to triennial seedlings for rejuvenation, then rejuvenated annuus cions are taken to be grafted to remove the Topophysis and the Cyclophysis, and the aims of gingko greening, materials, nuclear nursery stock seed quality improvement and base production are achieved. According to the method, the old gingko tree clonal seed orchard is built based on the rejuvenation old tree cion-tongue grafting technology, the operation is easy, and the method is practical.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field that trees breeding is produced, particularly a kind of about ginkgo ancient tree choiceness seed orchard method for building up.
Background technology
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) belongs to Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgo, deciduous tree.Be the Relict Plant preserving after quaternary glacier, be called as " living fossil ", belong to the rare plant of national second class protection.Ginkgo ancient tree is China's " national treasure ", is the tie of history and reality, and ginkgo ancient tree resource is precious germplasm resource bank, has important economy, ecology and social value.Ginkgo timber forest, Nursery Stock are cultivated and are mainly had following problem now: (1) does not set up Primary seed orchard, can not provide and specialize in afforestation and the special breeding of timber forest; (2) conventional grafting nursery stock is owing to there being oblique growth, i.e. position effect, is unfavorable for ginkgo dryness and tree-like growth, foreign pine tree seed orchard experience, and the greening of ginkgo trade and timber forest, should walk " select tree selection, sexual utilization "; (3) low, the poor growth of the direct graft survival rate of ancient tree scion.
The feature that the method utilizes the grafting of ginkgo branch easily to survive, clonal seed orchard is set up in collection ginkgo ancient tree fast-growing, high yield, the grafting of high-quality female plant branch, elite stand branch is first taken to grafting to 3 year raw seedling rejuvenation, get again the raw scion grafting in 1 year of returning children and eliminate position effect (Topophysis) and age effect (Cyclophysis), the problem that has solved ginkgo greening, produced by material and the improved variety of core use nursery stock, baseization.Yet there are no the report of setting up ginkgo ancient tree clonal seed orchard, the present invention proposes under such technical background.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, for Primary seed orchard lacks and conventional grafting exists position effect and age effect, gather ginkgo ancient tree fast-growing, high yield, high-quality female plant branch, collection is returned children's raw scion grafting in 1 year and is set up choiceness seed orchard, for ginkgo greening, timber forest provide breeding nursery stock.For reaching above-mentioned target, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
(1) collection of ancient tree branch
The branch optimal acquisition time is 3-4 and the 7-8 month, gathers the raw well-grown of 1-3, and sprout hypertrophy is full, without fast-growing, high yield, the ancient ginkgo female plant of the high-quality branch of damage by disease and insect.
(2) scion rejuvenation
Ancient tree scion 2-3 bud, long 8-12cm, rugosity 0.5-1.0cm is advisable.The scion of 7-8 month semi-lignified cuts off the blade that clusters, and stays the long petiole in 1cm left and right.Full fringe seal with wax after whip graft on 3 years raw seedlings of ground, garden normal growth.Second Year collection in spring is returned children's raw branch grafting in 1 year and is built garden.
(3) stock field planting
Grafting shifts to an earlier date 3 years raw seedlings of field planting, density 3 × 4m for first 1 year.Dry high for cutting off the grafting of nursery stock top in 1.5m place when grafting.
(4) grafting time
Annual 3-4 or 7-8 are monthly can grafting.
(5) grafting method
Adopt the method for whip graft to carry out grafting.When grafting first the level and smooth place of scion with on the same direction of first bud take advantage of a situation and cut single horse ear shape tangent plane of a long 1-2cm.But line segment is not cut skin zone, need stay wooden 0.1-0.2cm.And then 1/3 go out reverse vertical anti-partial application from lower to upper at hypotenuse, more than degree of depth 1cm, and be ligule.While cutting stock, first cut off terminal bud, and then select an even surface in stock outside, single horse ear shape tangent plane of the long 2cm that splays from lower to upper, then at 1/3 place, tangent plane top the reverse vertically anti-cutter of cutting from top to bottom, 1cm, makes it be ligule deeply.When grafting, left hand opens stock outside gently, and the right hand is held fringe tongue is taken advantage of a situation gently and inserted in slit, and anvil fringe bone is to bone jam-packed bondage.
(6) managing after grafting
1. check survival rate
25-30 days after grafting, checks graft survival rate.All sprouts are dark green, full, fresh, and petiole one touches to fall, and grafting survival is described.Shrinkage as sub-in fruit bud, petiole dry up as the strain of not living, and should mend and connect in time.
2. remove bondage thing
When grafting survival and after having healed firmly, carry out in time solution and tie up work.Spring grafting can solution be tied up after 60 days; Autumn or summer grafting seedling can be tied up in solution in spring in next year.When solution is tied up, from top to bottom bondage thing is cut off with sharp cutter, prevent that scion (bud) is loosening.
3. bud picking and except sprout tillers
For the moisture and the nutrient supply that ensure that scion (bud) is good, should carry out in time bud picking and remove tiller work, growing period is at least answered bud picking in 10 days once, 2-3 time continuously.Grafting in autumn, can sprain the 15-20cm place, top of buddering or take the lead, and to promote sprout to germinate, is convenient to germinate next year.
4. nursery stock ties up the tip
Spring grafting, the young sprout growth of sprouting is fast, and the callus of junction is younger tender, for preventing interface windbreak or touching disconnectedly, and overcome the position effect of axillalry bud, impel draw-string young sprout to grow vertically upward, should grow 10cm at young sprout and should found in time a rod when above and tie up and draw young sprout, will tie admittedly under a rod, top bondage young sprout is pine slightly, be grown to suitablely not hinder, after interface healing firmly, remove a rod.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) seedling rejuvenation is given birth in first elite stand branch grafting to 3 year by the present invention, then gets the raw scion grafting in 1 year of returning children, has eliminated position effect and age effect.
(2) the present invention adopts rejuvenation ancient tree scion-whip graft technology to set up Primary seed orchard, for afforestation and timber forest provide special breeding.
(3) the present invention adopts the mode of scion rejuvenation, has solved that the direct grafting of ancient tree scion is difficult for surviving, poky problem.
Utilize said method to set up clonal seed orchard and eliminate grafting position effect, successful ancient ginkgo female plant.Survival rate is up to more than 80%. for solving ginkgo greening, significant by the problem of material and nursery stock improved variety for core, baseization production.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Application this method is carried out in Shandong Agricultural University ginkgo base, Tai’an, Shandong Province, and the ginkgo ancient tree scion gathering is carried out to grafting, sets up 100 strain ginkgo ancient tree clonal seed orchards.The implementation step that ginkgo ancient tree clonal seed orchard is set up is as follows:
(1) collection of ancient tree branch
The branch optimal acquisition time is 3-4 and the 7-8 month, gathers the raw well-grown of 1-3, and sprout hypertrophy is full, without fast-growing, high yield, the ancient ginkgo female plant of the high-quality branch of damage by disease and insect.
(2) scion rejuvenation
Ancient tree scion 2-3 bud, long 8-12cm, rugosity 0.5-1.0cm is advisable.The scion of 7-8 month semi-lignified cuts off the blade that clusters, and stays the long petiole in 1cm left and right.Full fringe seal with wax after whip graft on 3 years raw seedlings of ground, garden normal growth.Second Year collection in spring is returned children's raw branch grafting in 1 year and is built garden.
(3) stock field planting
Grafting shifts to an earlier date 3 years raw seedlings of field planting, density 3 × 4m for first 1 year.Dry high for cutting off the grafting of nursery stock top in 1.5m place when grafting.
(4) grafting time
Annual 3-4 or 7-8 are monthly can grafting.
(5) grafting method
Adopt the method for whip graft to carry out grafting.When grafting first the level and smooth place of scion with on the same direction of first bud take advantage of a situation and cut single horse ear shape tangent plane of a long 1-2cm.But line segment is not cut skin zone, need stay wooden 0.1-0.2cm.And then 1/3 go out reverse vertical anti-partial application from lower to upper at hypotenuse, more than degree of depth 1cm, and be ligule.While cutting stock, first cut off terminal bud, and then select an even surface in stock outside, single horse ear shape tangent plane of the long 2cm that splays from lower to upper, then at 1/3 place, tangent plane top the reverse vertically anti-cutter of cutting from top to bottom, 1cm, makes it be ligule deeply.When grafting, left hand opens stock outside gently, and the right hand is held fringe tongue is taken advantage of a situation gently and inserted in slit, and anvil fringe bone is to bone jam-packed bondage.
(6) managing after grafting
1. check survival rate
25-30 days after grafting, checks graft survival rate.All sprouts are dark green, full, fresh, and petiole one touches to fall, and grafting survival is described.Shrinkage as sub-in fruit bud, petiole dry up as the strain of not living, and should mend and connect in time.
2. remove bondage thing
When grafting survival and after having healed firmly, carry out in time solution and tie up work.Spring grafting can solution be tied up after 60 days; Autumn or summer grafting seedling can be tied up in solution in spring in next year.When solution is tied up, from top to bottom bondage thing is cut off with sharp cutter, prevent that scion (bud) is loosening.
3. bud picking and except sprout tillers
For the moisture and the nutrient supply that ensure that scion (bud) is good, should carry out in time bud picking and remove tiller work, growing period is at least answered bud picking in 10 days once, 2-3 time continuously.Grafting in autumn, can sprain the 15-20cm place, top of buddering or take the lead, and to promote sprout to germinate, is convenient to germinate next year.
4. cut anvil
After spring budding, should cut anvil, to promote healing and growth at once; Summer, grafting in autumn can be in spring pruning anvil in next year.While cutting anvil, should cut off from bud top 1.0cm equating otch.
5. nursery stock ties up the tip
Spring grafting, the young sprout growth of sprouting is fast, and the callus of junction is younger tender, for preventing interface windbreak or touching disconnectedly, and overcome the position effect of axillalry bud, impel draw-string young sprout to grow vertically upward, should grow 10cm at young sprout and should found in time a rod when above and tie up and draw young sprout, will tie admittedly under a rod, top bondage young sprout is pine slightly, be grown to suitablely not hinder, after interface healing firmly, remove a rod.
The present invention is not limited to above embodiment, as long as applied the method for building up of above-mentioned clonal seed orchard, no matter takes which kind of grafting method and managing after grafting method, all will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the method that ginkgo ancient tree choiceness seed orchard is set up, is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) collection of ancient tree branch
The branch optimal acquisition time is 3-4 and the 7-8 month, gathers the raw well-grown of 1-3, and sprout hypertrophy is full, without fast-growing, high yield, the ancient ginkgo female plant of the high-quality branch of damage by disease and insect;
(2) scion rejuvenation
Ancient tree scion 2-3 bud, long 8-12cm, rugosity 0.5-1.0cm is advisable; The scion of 7-8 month semi-lignified cuts off the blade that clusters, and stays the long petiole in 1cm left and right; Full fringe seal with wax after whip graft on 3 years raw seedlings of ground, garden normal growth; Second Year collection in spring is returned children's raw branch grafting in 1 year and is built garden;
(3) stock field planting
Grafting shifts to an earlier date 3 years raw seedlings of field planting, density 3 × 4m for first 1 year; Dry high for cutting off the grafting of nursery stock top in 1.5m place when grafting;
(4) grafting time
Annual 3-4 or 7-8 are monthly can grafting;
(5) grafting method
Adopt the method for whip graft to carry out grafting; When grafting first the level and smooth place of scion with on the same direction of first bud take advantage of a situation and cut single horse ear shape tangent plane of a long 1-2cm; But line segment is not cut skin zone, need stay wooden 0.1-0.2cm; And then 1/3 go out reverse vertical anti-partial application from lower to upper at hypotenuse, more than degree of depth 1cm, and be ligule; While cutting stock, first cut off terminal bud, and then select an even surface in stock outside, single horse ear shape tangent plane of the long 2cm that splays from lower to upper, then at 1/3 place, tangent plane top the reverse vertically anti-cutter of cutting from top to bottom, 1cm, makes it be ligule deeply; When grafting, left hand opens stock outside gently, and the right hand is held fringe tongue is taken advantage of a situation gently and inserted in slit, and anvil fringe bone is to bone jam-packed bondage;
(6) managing after grafting
1. check survival rate
25-30 days after grafting, checks graft survival rate; All sprouts are dark green, full, fresh, and petiole one touches to fall, and grafting survival is described; Shrinkage as sub-in fruit bud, petiole dry up as the strain of not living, and should mend and connect in time;
2. remove bondage thing
When grafting survival and after having healed firmly, carry out in time solution and tie up work; Spring grafting can solution be tied up after 60 days; Autumn or summer grafting seedling can be tied up in solution in spring in next year; When solution is tied up, from top to bottom bondage thing is cut off with sharp cutter, prevent that scion (bud) is loosening;
3. bud picking and except sprout tillers
For the moisture and the nutrient supply that ensure that scion (bud) is good, should carry out in time bud picking and remove tiller work, growing period is at least answered bud picking in 10 days once, 2-3 time continuously; Grafting in autumn, can sprain the 15-20cm place, top of buddering or take the lead, and to promote sprout to germinate, is convenient to germinate next year;
4. nursery stock ties up the tip
Spring grafting, the young sprout growth of sprouting is fast, and the callus of junction is younger tender, for preventing interface windbreak or touching disconnectedly, and overcome the position effect of axillalry bud, impel draw-string young sprout to grow vertically upward, should grow 10cm at young sprout and should found in time a rod when above and tie up and draw young sprout, will tie admittedly under a rod, top bondage young sprout is pine slightly, be grown to suitablely not hinder, after interface healing firmly, remove a rod.
2. a kind of method of setting up about the good ancient tree clonal seed orchard of ginkgo according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described scion rejuvenation method of step (2).
3. a kind of method of setting up about ginkgo ancient tree choiceness seed orchard according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described stock field planting method of step (3).
4. a kind of method of setting up about ginkgo ancient tree choiceness seed orchard according to claim 1, is characterized in that the selection of the described grafting time of step (4).
5. a kind of method of setting up about ginkgo ancient tree choiceness seed orchard according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described grafting method of step (5).
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106258511A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2017-01-04 | 樊宝敏 | A kind of engrafting method of ancient tree rejuvenating |
| CN107047191A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-18 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of quick method for setting up Alnus formosana Plantation clonal seed orchard |
| CN108464138A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-31 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of gold leaf ginkgo plants the formative method of hedge screen |
| CN108575483A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-09-28 | 南京林业大学 | Ginkgo screen-type hedgerow formative method based on grafting with knitting skill |
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| CN106258511A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2017-01-04 | 樊宝敏 | A kind of engrafting method of ancient tree rejuvenating |
| CN107047191A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-18 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of quick method for setting up Alnus formosana Plantation clonal seed orchard |
| CN108464138A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-31 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of gold leaf ginkgo plants the formative method of hedge screen |
| CN108575483A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-09-28 | 南京林业大学 | Ginkgo screen-type hedgerow formative method based on grafting with knitting skill |
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