CN103004480A - Ancient tree rejuvenation technology based on inverted bark-whip grafting for ginkgobiloba - Google Patents
Ancient tree rejuvenation technology based on inverted bark-whip grafting for ginkgobiloba Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ancient tree rejuvenation technology based on inverted bark-whip grafting for ginkgobiloba. According to the invention, a young seedling which is 3-5 years old and is good in growth condition, advanced in root system and free from diseases and pests is taken as a scion, an ancient ginkgobiloba tree which has a rot root system and weak in growth condition is taken as a tree stock, and an inverted bark-whip grafting method is applied to solve the rejuvenation problem of the ancient ginkgobiloba trees which are aged more than one hundred of years, are seriously damaged and have the root systems losing activity basically and solve problems which cannot be solved by using methods such as hole filling, pruning, soil replacement for root parts, fertilization and nutrient solution spraying in an ancient ginkgobiloba protection process. According to the ancient tree rejuvenation technology, the grafting principle is utilized to make phloems and cambiums of the ancient and young ginkgobiloba trees in complete butt-joint, the root system of the young ginkgobiloba seedling is used to replace the death root system of the ancient ginkgobiloba tree to be saved for absorbing nutrition and water so as to meet the growth requirements of the ancient tree, and the ancient tree rejuvenation technology has an obvious effect for the ancient ginkgobiloba trees which are aged more than one hundred of years, are seriously damaged and have the root systems losing activity basically, are simple and convenient to operate and are feasible.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ancient and well-known trees rejuvenation technique field, particularly a kind of technical matters of falling to insert skin whip graft rejuvenation of ancient tree about ginkgo.
Background technology
Ginkgo (Ginkgobiloba) belongs to Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgo, deciduous tree.Be the Relict Plant that preserves behind the quaternary glacier, be called as " living fossil ", belong to the rare plant of national second class protection.That ginkgo integrates is edible, medicinal, material with and view and admire, have very high scientific research at aspects such as paleobotany, Plant Taxonomy, plant comparative morphology, plant anatomy, embryology and pomologies and be worth.From Shenyang, south reaches North Guangdong in China north, to Xinjiang Yili of China, Winter Solstice Linjiang and Taipei, take Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang is the cultivation center.Japan, European and American countries all have the cultivation of drawing.Along with enlargement of cities, the ancient tree surrounding soil is covered by building waste, causes the root system poor aeration, water deficient, so that atrophy, deformity, and in addition chemical contamination, P in soil H value changes, and causes root system weak even rot, and arboreal growth is weak, is at death's door.Rejuvenation of ancient tree attracts great attention.At present, ancient tree protects main Adopts measure that the control etc. of soil melioration and protection, irrigation and draining, branch-finishing and pruning, anticorrosion filling-up hole, pest is arranged, and above measure exists obvious deficiency: (1) needs a large amount of manpower and financial resources, expense is high, DeGrain; (2) measure such as anticorrosion filling-up hole is cured the symptoms, not the disease, the impact sight; (3) every routine techniques need comprehensively carry out, and operation is many and complicated, and length consuming time may be missed the Best Times for the treatment of to the serious weak ancient ginkgo that grows.Above measure is not serious for being injured, and the age of tree has obvious effect at a century with interior low age ginkgo, still, for the century-old above age of tree, endangered seriously, ancient ginkgo DeGrain that root system loses vigor substantially.Yet there are no to use and fall to insert the report that ancient ginkgo rejuvenation is carried out in the skin whip graft, the present invention proposes under such technical background.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is; loaded down with trivial details for the operation that exists in the ginkgo rejuvenation of ancient tree technology, as to produce little effect present situation; provide a kind of effective rejuvenation method of ancient ginkgo serious for being injured, that root system loses vigor substantially to society, with the problem of time-consuming in the ancient ginkgo protection of thorough solution, the rejuvenation process, effort, weak effect.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
(1) Fitting for Old Tree Growth preliminary treatment before the grafting
Foreign material around the ancient ginkgo of cleaning before the grafting, such as building stones, brick material, cement, lime and weeds, sprout tillers etc., the soil around the loose ancient ginkgo, and suitably water.For the exposed location of rock, should carry out the soil moved in to improve the original improvement, for the seedling of planting provides well environmental condition;
(2) preparation of scion
Select 3-5 life, well-grown, well developed root system, without damage by disease and insect, the ginkgo seedling that grows directly from seeds more than the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 1.0cm, by being planted in the ancient tree that needs grafting in grafting the previous year or 3-6 month, the quantity of ginkgo seedling is definite according to ancient tree bark and the rotten degree of root system, and quantity 3-10 strain does not wait.Fully connect airtight until seedlings root and soil and to carry out again grafting after surviving;
(3) with dried the cutting off of ginkgo seedling top seedling, cut a long 6.0-8.0cm, the horse ear shape inclined-plane of wide 1.0-2.0cm, then from the upper end 0.5-1.0cm beginning at the long bevel back side, the cortex of both sides of pruning gently is ready to scion;
(4) select the intact side of ginkgo ancient tree bark coarse, the aging crust of pruning, the degree of depth of cutting with the phloem of guaranteeing ancient tree like Lu Feilu, see that slightly cyan or yellow-white be advisable, section below cutting mouthful is cut a crescent concave surface that merges mutually with scion with cutter, and horizontal partial application, deeply reach xylem, then a vertical cutter from bottom to top reaches xylem deeply, and bevel length slightly is longer than the scion bevel.Under prerequisite attractive in appearance, suitably reduce grafting height;
(5) scion, grafting mouth ethanol: gibberellin: many bacterium are clear: heteroauxin is that the envelope of 500:2:2:4 is cut liquid and is coated with envelope, prevents courses of infection;
(6) grafting method, adopt insert the skin tongue grafting, by cut stock, cut scion, asepticize processings, grafting fringe, cover grafting paper, six links of plastic film colligation are finished;
(7) in time carry out Routine Management after the grafting, check survival rate, and in time solution is tied up.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) clears up foreign material around the ancient ginkgo, improved ancient ginkgo surrounding soil environment, ensured ancient ginkgo root system respiration and to the absorption of rich water.
(2) adopted to fall to insert skin whip graft method, done the scion grafting to the ginkgo ancient tree with ginkgo seedling, to replace the ginkgo ancient tree to the absorption of moisture, nutrient, fundamentally solved the weak problem of ancient ginkgo.
(3) conventional rejuvenation method operation is numerous and diverse, human and material resources, financial resources drop into high, for the weak ancient ginkgo DeGrain of root growth, present technique only requires 3-6 month in advance at the living ginkgo seedling of the other 3-5 that plants of the ancient ginkgo that needs rejuvenation, be scion, the ginkgo seedling quantity that plant is definite according to ancient tree bark and the rotten degree of root system, and quantity 3-10 strain does not wait, fully connect airtight until seedlings root and soil and to carry out again grafting after surviving, reduced rejuvenation of ancient tree cost and successful.
Utilize said method to ancient ginkgo carry out that effect of rejuvenation is obvious, facility is simple, with low cost; proposed a kind of effective technical measures for ancient and well-known trees rejuvenation protection, the rejuvenation of the ancient and well-known trees that particularly are injured seriously, substantially lose vigor for root system has great importance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for cutting the scion schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is for cutting the stock schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is grafting fringe schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the colligation schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 Relationship between Graft Effect schematic diagram;
1-1 is for cutting scion among the figure; 1-2 is that scion is positive; 1-3 is the scion reverse side; 1-4 is the scion side; 1-5 is that the most advanced and sophisticated cortex of scion separates with xylem; 2-1 prunes the phloem of aging bark; 5-1 is xylem; 5-2 is the grafting seedling.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Use present technique at Buddha temple, Mount Taishan, Tai’an, Shandong Province, town Hu Jiahe ancient ginkgo in Suizhou City Luoyang, Hubei Province tests, ancient tree Second Year branches and leaves turn green, grow normal, effect is fine.The slotting skin whip graft rejuvenation of ancient tree technology implementation step of ginkgo is as follows:
1. grafting preparation
The grafting tool of preparing has: bundle special plastic film is tied up in grafting knife, shrub and hedge trimmer, trim saw, axe or cutter, grafting paper, grafting.
2. Fitting for Old Tree Growth preliminary treatment before the grafting
Soil around the loose ancient ginkgo of foreign material (building stones, brick material, cement, lime and weeds, sprout tillers etc.) around the ancient ginkgo of cleaning before the grafting, and suitably water.For the exposed location of rock, should carry out the soil moved in to improve the original improvement, for the seedling of planting provides well environmental condition.
3. the preparation of scion
Select 3-5 lifes, well-grown, well developed root system, without damage by disease and insect, the ginkgo seedling that grows directly from seeds more than the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 1.0cm, be planted in the ancient tree of need grafting grafting the previous year or 3-6 month by, fully connect airtight until seedlings root and soil and to carry out again grafting after surviving.The quantity of ginkgo seedling is definite according to ancient tree bark and the rotten degree of root system, and quantity 3-10 strain does not wait.
4. medicament preparation
In ethanol: gibberellin: many bacterium are clear: heteroauxin is that the ratio preparation envelope of 500:2:2:4 is cut liquid, and is for subsequent use.
Rule of thumb, carry out the preparation of scion, must be noted that some, the one, 3-6 month in advance with 3-5 lifes, well-grown, well developed root system, be planted in the ancient tree next door without the ginkgo seedling of damage by disease and insect, and the quantity of ginkgo seedling is definite according to ancient tree bark and the root system degree of rotting; The 2nd, fully connect airtight until seedlings root and soil and to carry out again grafting after surviving.
5. grafting time
Before the trees rudiment in spring namely at the beginning of 3 months, or carry out (can consult and carry out in other areas) before the fall foliage 9-10 month.
6. grafting method
Adopt and fall to insert the skin tongue grafting, this grafting heals soon after having grafting, the characteristics such as survival rate is high, growth is rapid, wind resistance.Specific operation process is as follows:
(1) cuts scion
With dried the cutting off of ginkgo seedling middle and upper part seedling, the long bevel of splaying at the 30-50cm place of seedling trunk (beginning is cut downwards first and surpassed 1/2 of treelet trunk, and then splays), 2/3 of the scion rugosity of should pruning, lower thick thin, bevel is long 6.0-8.0cm, the horse ear shape inclined-plane of wide 1.0-2.0cm, bevel is smooth, smooth, can not " fluff ", then the upper end 0.5-1.0cm from the long bevel back side begins the cortex of both sides of pruning gently, make the formation layer exposed, be convenient to healing.
(2) cut stock
Select the intact side of ginkgo ancient tree bark, 10-20cm is advisable on distance ground, can comprehensively determine according to the rotten present situation of bark, for keeping tree-like attractive in appearance, should suitably reduce grafting part, at coarse, the aging crust of will grafting part pruning, the degree of depth of cutting like Lu Feilu, sees slightly that cyan or yellow-white be advisable with the phloem of guaranteeing ancient tree.Section below cutting mouthful is cut a crescent concave surface that merges mutually with scion with cutter, and horizontal partial application, deeply reach xylem, then a vertical cutter from bottom to top reaches xylem deeply, bevel length slightly is longer than the scion bevel, the general 7.0-10.0cm of incision length, wide 4.0-5.0cm.Thickness is as the criterion with 1.0-1.1cm, chooses out cortex along about the edge of a knife.
(3) scion, grafting mouth adopt the asepticize chemicals treatment.
Stock saw kerf, scion clip, grafting mouth ethanol: gibberellin: many bacterium are clear: heteroauxin is that the envelope of 500:2:2:4 is cut liquid and is coated with envelope, prevents courses of infection, promotes to produce callus and moisturizing, can improve survival rate.
(4) grafting fringe
After scion is cut, pinch out the most advanced and sophisticated cortex of scion horse ear shape, its cortex is separated with xylem, simultaneously, choose out gently the stock cortex, the scion xylem is inserted between the phloem and xylem of stock, and the cortex of scion applied ointment or plaster on the tender skin of stock, be inserted to little dew scion bevel, the 0.5 ~ 1.0cm that generally shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally twines with plastic film at last and ties up the scion of inserting the skin zone position.
(5) grafting mouth colligation
After inserting, scion seals with grafting cream immediately, cover grafting paper, the height of grafting paper exceeds scion 1.0cm with top, do not wrap tight bevel down and be advisable, tight with the plastic film wrapping again, the place that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to be left the space during wrapping, so that healing, gently mentions scion with have gentle hands after the wrapping, propose motionless explanation wrapping intact, then obturage around the plastic film with silica gel.
7. managing after grafting
After the spring grafting, check about 30 days to survive, leak informaton gradually after surviving, remove lashings late August to October, strengthens daily rich water quality management, and soil management is carried out according to conventional method.
The present invention is not limited to above embodiment; so long as adopted the scion preparation method, the envelope that provide in the inventive method to cut the key technologies such as liquid asepticize processing method, slotting skin whip graft ancient tree; no matter whether cooperate with conventional rejuvenation technique, all will fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. ginkgo falls to insert skin whip graft rejuvenation of ancient tree technology, and this technology may further comprise the steps:
(1) Fitting for Old Tree Growth preliminary treatment before the grafting
Foreign material around the ancient ginkgo of cleaning before the grafting, such as building stones, brick material, cement, lime and weeds, sprout tillers etc., the soil around the loose ancient ginkgo, and suitably water, for the exposed location of rock, should carry out the soil moved in to improve the original improvement, for the seedling of planting provides well environmental condition;
(2) preparation of scion
Select 3-5 life, well-grown, well developed root system, without damage by disease and insect, the ginkgo seedling that grows directly from seeds more than the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 1.0cm, by being planted in the ancient tree that needs grafting in grafting the previous year or 3-6 month, fully connect airtight until seedlings root and soil and to carry out again grafting after surviving, the quantity of ginkgo seedling is definite according to ancient tree bark and the rotten degree of root system, and quantity 3-10 strain does not wait;
(3) cut scion
With dried the cutting off of ginkgo seedling middle and upper part seedling, the long bevel of splaying at seedling trunk 30-50cm place, 2/3 of the scion rugosity of should pruning is lower thick thin, bevel is long 6.0-8.0cm, the horse ear shape inclined-plane of wide 1.0-2.0cm, bevel is smooth, smooth, can not " fluff ", then the upper end 0.5-1.0cm from the long bevel back side begins, the cortex of both sides of pruning gently makes that to form layer exposed, is convenient to healing;
(4) cut stock
Select the intact side of ginkgo ancient tree bark, 10.0-20.0cm is advisable on distance ground, can comprehensively determine according to the rotten present situation of bark, for keeping tree-like attractive in appearance, should suitably reduce grafting part, will grafting part prune coarse, aging crust, the degree of depth of cutting like Lu Feilu, sees slightly that cyan or yellow-white be advisable with the phloem of guaranteeing ancient tree, section below cutting mouthful, cut a crescent concave surface that merges mutually with scion with cutter, and horizontal partial application, deeply reach xylem, then a vertical cutter from bottom to top, deeply reach xylem, bevel length slightly is longer than the scion bevel, the general 7.0-10.0cm of incision length, wide 4.0-5.0cm, thickness is as the criterion with 1.0-1.1cm, chooses out cortex along about the edge of a knife;
(5) scion, grafting mouth adopt the asepticize chemicals treatment.Stock saw kerf, scion clip, grafting mouth ethanol: gibberellin: many bacterium are clear: heteroauxin is that the envelope of 500:2:2:4 is cut liquid and is coated with envelope, prevents courses of infection, promotes to produce callus and moisturizing, can improve survival rate;
(6) grafting fringe
After scion is cut, pinch out the most advanced and sophisticated cortex of scion horse ear shape, its cortex is separated with xylem, simultaneously, choose out gently the stock cortex, the scion xylem is inserted between the phloem and xylem of stock, and the cortex of scion applied ointment or plaster on the tender skin of stock, be inserted to little dew scion bevel, the 0.5-1.0cm that generally shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally twines with plastic film at last and ties up the scion of inserting the skin zone position;
(7) grafting mouth colligation
After inserting, scion seals with grafting cream immediately, cover grafting paper, the height of grafting paper exceeds scion 1.0cm with top, do not wrap tight bevel down and be advisable, tight with the plastic film wrapping again, the place that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to be left the space during wrapping, so that healing, gently mentions scion with have gentle hands after the wrapping, propose motionless explanation wrapping intact, then obturage around the plastic film with silica gel;
(8) managing after grafting
After the spring grafting, check about 30 days to survive, leak informaton gradually after surviving, late August to early October is removed lashings, strengthens daily rich water quality management, and soil management is carried out according to conventional method.
2. a kind of ginkgo according to claim 1 falls to insert skin whip graft rejuvenation of ancient tree technical matters, it is characterized in that, the preparation of step (2) scion, 3-6 month well-grown that 3-5 is living, the ginkgo seedling of well developed root system are planted by the ginkgo ancient tree before the grafting, the quantity of ginkgo seedling is determined according to ancient tree bark and the root system degree of rotting, quantity 3-10 strain does not wait, and fully connects airtight until seedlings root and soil and carries out grafting after surviving again.
3. a kind of ginkgo according to claim 1 falls to insert skin whip graft rejuvenation of ancient tree technical matters, it is characterized in that, step (3) is cut scion with dried the cutting off of ginkgo seedling middle and upper part seedling, the long bevel of splaying at the 30-50cm place of seedling trunk, then the upper end 0.5-1.0cm from the long bevel back side begins the cortex of both sides of pruning gently.
4. a kind of ginkgo according to claim 1 falls to insert skin whip graft rejuvenation of ancient tree technical matters, it is characterized in that, step (4) is selected the intact side of ginkgo ancient tree bark, 10.0-20.0cm is advisable on distance ground, can comprehensively determine according to the rotten present situation of bark, for keeping tree-like attractive in appearance, should suitably reduce grafting part, will grafting part prune coarse, aging crust, the degree of depth of cutting like Lu Feilu, sees slightly that cyan or yellow-white be advisable with the phloem of guaranteeing ancient tree, section below cutting mouthful, cut a crescent concave surface that merges mutually with scion with cutter, and horizontal partial application, deeply reach xylem, then a vertical cutter from bottom to top, deeply reach xylem, bevel length slightly is longer than the scion bevel.
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| CN103385107A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-11-13 | 山东农业大学 | Propagation method for stable genetic expression of Ohatsuki phenomena |
| CN104126419A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-11-05 | 山东农业大学 | Method for building old gingko tree excellent clonal seed orchard |
| CN104126420A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-11-05 | 山东农业大学 | Gingko seedling inverted bark inserting old tree root system rejuvenation method |
| CN104221650A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-12-24 | 山东农业大学 | Stumping rejuvenation method for Ginkgo biloba L. nursery stocks |
| CN104247630A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-12-31 | 莱州市宏顺梅花种植科技有限公司 | Plum grafting breeding method by combining six-sided healing points |
| CN105075682A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-11-25 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | Method for grafting red plum and peach |
| CN106171732A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-12-07 | 扬州大学 | A kind of rejuvenation method of Semen Ginkgo ancient tree |
| CN107820885A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-03-23 | 黄颖 | For improving the engrafting method of peach survival rate |
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| CN115119677A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-30 | 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 | Method for rejuvenating premature senility olive tree |
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| CN103385107A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-11-13 | 山东农业大学 | Propagation method for stable genetic expression of Ohatsuki phenomena |
| CN104247630A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-12-31 | 莱州市宏顺梅花种植科技有限公司 | Plum grafting breeding method by combining six-sided healing points |
| CN104126420B (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2017-01-11 | 山东农业大学 | Gingko seedling inverted bark inserting old tree root system rejuvenation method |
| CN104221650A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-12-24 | 山东农业大学 | Stumping rejuvenation method for Ginkgo biloba L. nursery stocks |
| CN104126420A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-11-05 | 山东农业大学 | Gingko seedling inverted bark inserting old tree root system rejuvenation method |
| CN104126419B (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-05-18 | 山东农业大学 | Ginkgo ancient tree choiceness breeding garden method for building up |
| CN104126419A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-11-05 | 山东农业大学 | Method for building old gingko tree excellent clonal seed orchard |
| CN105075682A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-11-25 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | Method for grafting red plum and peach |
| CN106171732A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-12-07 | 扬州大学 | A kind of rejuvenation method of Semen Ginkgo ancient tree |
| CN107820885A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-03-23 | 黄颖 | For improving the engrafting method of peach survival rate |
| CN109197327A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-15 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of anvil tree bridge is abutted against the method for ancient and well-known trees |
| CN109197327B (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-10-30 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Method for connecting ancient and famous trees by stock tree bridge |
| CN109526429A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-29 | 汉中市农业科学研究所（陕西省水稻研究所） | A method of it rescues and protects for ancient and well-known trees |
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