CN115119677A - Method for rejuvenating premature senility olive tree - Google Patents
Method for rejuvenating premature senility olive tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN115119677A CN115119677A CN202210684006.XA CN202210684006A CN115119677A CN 115119677 A CN115119677 A CN 115119677A CN 202210684006 A CN202210684006 A CN 202210684006A CN 115119677 A CN115119677 A CN 115119677A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rejuvenating a premature senility olive tree, and belongs to the field of plant cultivation. The olive premature senility tree is rejuvenated through the steps of pruning, sterilizing and deinsectizing, applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, supplementing rooting agent, planting scion trees, inverted grafting and daily management; wherein, the scion tree planting refers to the step of replanting 3-4 olive trees with good root systems and a ground diameter of 0.6-0.8cm around a trunk; the reverse grafting means that the planted scion tree is used as a scion to be reversely grafted on the premature senility tree. The method can effectively rejuvenate the premature-senility olive tree and quickly enter the productive period again, and can effectively solve the problems of poor effect and long time for rejuvenating the premature-senility olive tree in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for rejuvenating a premature senility olive tree.
Background
In the olive planting process, with the arrival of the high-yield period of olive trees, because the later management is not followed up, part of olive trees can not bloom and fruit, and premature senility trees without new shoots are withered and died. At present, the treatment of the premature senility trees is generally to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, but the time required for reentering the high yield period is longer, the trees can not be recovered to be normal and even can die, and the trees can only be replaced again. Therefore, the present needs to research a method for rejuvenating the premature senility olive tree to restore the high yield period of the premature senility olive tree.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of poor effect and long time for rejuvenating the early-senescence olive trees in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: the rejuvenation method of the olive premature senility tree comprises the steps of pruning, sterilizing and deinsectizing, applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, supplementing rooting agent, planting scion trees, inverted grafting and daily management to rejuvenate the olive premature senility tree; wherein, the scion tree planting refers to the step of replanting 3-4 olive trees with good root systems and a ground diameter of 0.6-0.8cm around a trunk; the reverse grafting means that the planted scion tree is used as a scion to be reversely grafted on the premature senility tree.
Further, the reverse grafting method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. treatment of the premature senility tree: selecting the position of the premature senility tree with the height more than or equal to 40cm, and uncovering the bark in an L shape, wherein the length is 2.4-2.6cm, and the width is 1.4-1.6 cm;
b. treating the scion tree: obliquely cutting the blade and the scion trunk to the top end at an angle of 20-30 degrees from the position 2.4-2.6cm away from the top end of the scion tree to form a first section; beveling a blade and a scion trunk to the top end in an angle of 30-45 degrees from the position 1.0-1.5cm away from the top end of the scion tree on the back of the first section to form a second section;
c. reverse grafting: and d, grafting the scion tree processed in the step b and the premature senility tree processed in the step a, aligning the cambium of the first scion section of the scion tree with the cambium of the premature senility tree interface, and then binding the grafting interface to complete grafting.
Further, 3-4 scion trees are inversely grafted on the premature senility trees in a staggered mode, namely the first scion tree is grafted at the position where the height of the premature senility tree is more than or equal to 40cm, and the rest scion trees are grafted at the position 5-6cm above the grafting position of the previous scion tree.
Furthermore, in the step c, the wrapping is to use a grafting film to wrap the grafting interface, so as to ensure that all wounds cannot be in direct contact with air.
The pruning step is to re-prune the premature senility tree, reserve all main branches and reserve 25 to 40 percent of nutritive branches/nourishing branches.
The sterilization and disinsection step is to irrigate roots by adopting broad-spectrum bactericide and broad-spectrum insecticide.
Furthermore, the electric sprayer is adopted to spray the whole tree on the ground while irrigating the roots.
The steps of applying the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are that 60-80 kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, 1.5-2 kg of the compound fertilizer is applied to each plant, the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are uniformly spread under the tree crown and loose the soil, and fibrous roots cannot be injured.
The step of supplementing the rooting agent is to irrigate roots by using 1500-2000 times of Inebutaneacetic acid solution, and each plant is about 100-120 kg.
The daily management steps comprise timely replenishing water and applying fertilizer, timely wiping off useless buds, paying attention to pest control and timely replenishing trace fertilizer.
Further, the micro-fertilizer is calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and boron fertilizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the method, the fibrous roots absorbing nutrition are greatly increased due to the grafting of the external roots, the germination of the premature senility tree body and the supplement of the nutrition are promoted, and the premature senility olive tree can be rejuvenated effectively and can quickly enter the high yield period again. The method is convenient, simple, short in period and good in effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a method for processing a scion tree in the reverse grafting step in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention can be specifically implemented as follows.
The rejuvenation method of the olive premature senility tree comprises the steps of pruning, sterilizing and deinsectizing, applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, supplementing rooting agent, planting scion trees, inverted grafting and daily management to rejuvenate the olive premature senility tree; wherein, the scion tree planting refers to the step of replanting 3-4 olive trees with good root systems and a ground diameter of 0.6-0.8cm around a trunk; the reverse grafting means that the planted scion tree is used as a scion to be reversely grafted on the premature senility tree. Preferably, the scion tree is planted by uniformly planting 3-4 olive trees with good growth vigor and ground diameter of 0.6-0.8cm and height of more than 100cm at a position 15-20cm away from the trunk of the premature senility tree under moderate soil humidity.
The reverse grafting method comprises the following specific steps:
a. treatment of the premature senility tree: selecting the position of the premature senility tree with the height more than or equal to 40cm, and uncovering the bark in an L shape, wherein the length is 2.4-2.6cm, and the width is 1.4-1.6 cm;
b. treating the scion tree: obliquely cutting the blade and the scion trunk to the top end at an angle of 20-30 degrees from the position 2.4-2.6cm away from the top end of the scion tree to form a first section; beveling a blade and a scion trunk to the top end in an angle of 30-45 degrees from the position 1.0-1.5cm away from the top end of the scion tree on the back of the first section to form a second section;
c. reverse grafting: and d, grafting the scion tree processed in the step b and the premature senility tree processed in the step a, aligning the cambium of the first scion section of the scion tree with the cambium of the premature senility tree interface, and then binding the grafting interface to complete grafting.
In order to ensure the grafting effect, preferably, 3-4 scion trees are reversely grafted on the premature senility trees in a staggered manner, namely the first scion tree is grafted at the position where the height of the premature senility tree is more than or equal to 40cm, and the rest scion trees are grafted at the position 5-6cm above the grafting position of the previous scion tree; more preferably, in the step c, the binding is to bind the grafting opening with the grafting film and tighten the grafting opening to ensure that all wounds cannot be in direct contact with air.
In order to ensure the rejuvenation effect, it is preferable that the pruning step is to prune the premature senility trees, retain all main branches, and retain only 25-40% of the vegetative branches/fostering branches.
The sterilization and disinsection step is to irrigate roots by adopting broad-spectrum bactericide and broad-spectrum insecticide. Preferably, the root is irrigated and the whole tree above the ground is sprayed thoroughly by using an electric sprayer. More preferably, the sterilization and insect killing step is to sterilize by using 800-1000 times carbendazim solution, and the insect killing is to irrigate roots by using 1500-2000 times high-efficiency cyhalothrin, wherein each plant is 100-150 kg of aqueous solution.
After pest control is finished, soil is loosened when soil humidity is suitable, fertilization and soil loosening are carried out on target trees, and the steps of applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are that 60-80 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each tree, 1.5-2 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each tree, the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are uniformly scattered under tree crowns and soil loosened, and fibrous roots cannot be injured.
In order to promote the old roots to sprout new roots, the old roots of the senilis trees need to be supplemented with a production agent after the scion trees are planted, and preferably, the step of supplementing the rooting agent is to irrigate the roots with 1500-fold 2000-time albubecanoacetic acid solution, and each plant is about 100-fold 120 kg.
In order to ensure the rejuvenation effect, the daily management steps preferably include timely water replenishing and fertilizer application, timely wiping off useless buds, paying attention to pest control and timely replenishing trace fertilizer. More preferably, the micro-fertilizer is a calcium fertilizer, a magnesium fertilizer and a boron fertilizer.
The technical solution and effects of the present invention will be further described below by way of practical examples.
Examples
Example 1
The method for rejuvenating the olive premature senility tree is used for testing the premature senility tree, and comprises the following specific steps:
A. recutting the target tree (olive needing rejuvenation) in 2017, 9, 14 and reserving all main branches, and reserving only 30% of nutritive branches/fostering branches;
B. and (3) pest control after trimming: 1000 times of carbendazim solution for sterilization and 2000 times of high-efficiency cyhalothrin for disinsection are adopted for root irrigation, and 150 kilograms of aqueous solution are adopted for each plant;
C. after pest control is finished in 20 days in 2017, 9 months, fertilizing and loosening the soil for the target trees when soil humidity is suitable for loosening the soil, digging until fibrous roots are seen during loosening the soil, applying 80 kg of organic fertilizer to each tree, wherein the conventional amount of compound fertilizer is 1.5 kg, and uniformly scattering the compound fertilizer under the tree crowns and loosening the soil;
D. uniformly planting 4 olive trees with the ground diameter of about 1 cm and the height of more than 100cm at the position of 20cm of the trunk of the same pair of target trees after fertilization;
E. after the olive trees are planted, the old roots are supplemented with the production agent to promote the old roots to sprout and grow new roots: irrigating roots with 2500 times of the solution of the lndinaphthylacetic acid, wherein each plant is about 120 kg;
F. and 3, 2018, 3, 5 days, treating the target tree and the scion tree according to the cutting method, taking the scion tree as a scion, inversely grafting the scion tree on the target tree, paying attention to the fact that cambiums of the two trees are tightly attached to each other and need to be aligned, and then tightly binding the scion tree with a grafting film, wherein all wounds cannot be directly contacted with air. The processing method of the scion tree is shown in figure 1. Grafting a first scion tree at the position 40 centimeters high of a target tree, inversely grafting the rest 3 scion trees to the target tree in a staggered manner according to the sequence from bottom to top, keeping the distance of 5-6cm between each scion tree grafted at the back and the previous scion tree grafted, and timely wiping off sprouts on the scion trees after grafting is finished;
G. daily management: timely replenishing water and applying fertilizer, timely wiping off unused buds, paying attention to pest control, and simultaneously replenishing trace element fertilizer (calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and boron fertilizer).
Comparative example 1
In comparison with example 1, the scion tree was not planted and was not top-grafted, and all the other management steps (pruning, deinsectization, fertilization, etc.) were the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
The management method of the normal healthy olive tree is continuously used for managing the premature senility tree without any special treatment.
The experiment of the above example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 was performed on 3 different varieties of olive trees, and the experimental results were as follows:
1. the results of five early-senescence trees in each group, which are 8 years old in Clevela and almost in ground diameter, were selected for experimental comparison and are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Krolaca
2. And selecting 15 early senescence trees with 8 years of Abelia and almost same ground diameter for experimental comparison, wherein five trees are selected in each group, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Abelikena
3. And selecting 15 premature senility trees of 8 years old and almost same ground diameter from the Kora base, carrying out experimental comparison, wherein five trees are selected in each group, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Kelati
Claims (10)
1. The rejuvenation method of the premature senility olive tree is characterized by comprising the following steps: the olive premature senility tree is rejuvenated through the steps of pruning, sterilizing and deinsectizing, applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, supplementing rooting agent, planting scion tree, inverted grafting and daily management; wherein, planting the scion tree refers to replanting 3-4 olive trees with good root systems and a ground diameter of 0.6-0.8cm around the trunk; the reverse grafting means that the planted scion tree is used as a scion to be reversely grafted on the premature senility tree.
2. The method for rejuvenating the premature aging olive trees according to claim 1, wherein the reverse grafting step comprises the following specific steps:
a. treatment of the premature senility tree: selecting the position of the premature senility tree with the height more than or equal to 40cm, and uncovering the bark in an L shape, wherein the length is 2.4-2.6cm, and the width is 1.4-1.6 cm;
b. treating the scion tree: beveling a cutting edge and a scion trunk to the top end in an angle of 20-30 degrees from a position 2.4-2.6cm away from the top end of the scion tree to form a first section; beveling a blade and a scion trunk to the top end in an angle of 30-45 degrees from the position 1.0-1.5cm away from the top end of the scion tree on the back of the first section to form a second section;
c. reverse grafting: and c, grafting the scion tree treated in the step b and the presenility tree treated in the step a, aligning the cambium of the scion tree section with the cambium of the L-shaped connector of the presenility tree, and then binding the grafting connector to complete grafting.
3. The method of rejuvenation of the premature aging olive trees according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: and (3) inversely grafting 3-4 scion trees on the premature senility trees in a staggered way, namely grafting the first scion tree at the position where the height of the premature senility tree is more than or equal to 40cm, and grafting the rest scion trees at the position 5-6cm above the grafting position of the previous scion tree.
4. The method of rejuvenation of premature aging olive trees according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step c, the binding is to bind the grafting interface by using a grafting film, so that all wounds cannot be in direct contact with air.
5. The method of rejuvenation of premature aging olive trees according to claim 1, wherein: the pruning step is to re-prune the premature senility tree, reserve all main branches and reserve 25 to 40 percent of nutritive branches/nourishing branches.
6. The method of rejuvenation of premature aging olive trees according to claim 1, wherein: the sterilization and disinsection step is to irrigate roots by adopting broad-spectrum bactericide and broad-spectrum insecticide.
7. The method of rejuvenation of premature aging olive trees according to claim 1, wherein: the steps of applying the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are that 60-80 kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, 1.5-2 kg of the compound fertilizer is applied to each plant, the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are uniformly spread under the tree crown and loose the soil, and fibrous roots cannot be injured.
8. The method of rejuvenation of premature aging olive trees according to claim 1, wherein: the rooting agent supplementing step is to irrigate roots by using 1500-time 2000-time Inebaneacetic acid solution, and each plant is about 100-time 120 kilograms.
9. The method of rejuvenation of premature aging olive trees according to claim 1, wherein: the daily management steps include timely water replenishing and fertilizer application, timely wiping off useless buds, paying attention to pest control and timely replenishing trace fertilizer.
10. The method of rejuvenation of premature aging olive trees according to claim 9, wherein: the micro-fertilizer is calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and boron fertilizer.
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