CN110720343B - Cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds - Google Patents
Cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds Download PDFInfo
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- CN110720343B CN110720343B CN201911130398.XA CN201911130398A CN110720343B CN 110720343 B CN110720343 B CN 110720343B CN 201911130398 A CN201911130398 A CN 201911130398A CN 110720343 B CN110720343 B CN 110720343B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds, which comprises the following steps: adjusting 70-80 days before the flowering promoting day in the wax apple production period, and carrying out light shearing; the next day after the light shearing work is finished, the mixture of calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride is scattered near the tree crown drip line, and the scattering is carried out once every 15 days for 4 times; on the seventh day after the ground fertilization work is finished, spraying and irrigating the plants by using a mixed aqueous solution fertilizer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride, and irrigating the plants once every 15 days; and (4) spraying the whole tree with the mixed aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auxin till the leaf surface drips, wherein the spraying is carried out once every 15 days and 5 times in total. When the plants are in a tree vigor elaeagnus waste state and the leaves are in a drooping state, the rest of operations are carried out according to the normal flower forcing technology of the wax apple orchard. The method and the fertilizer elements are scientifically and efficiently matched, the implementation method is simple and easy to implement, the implementation cost is low, the effects of inhibiting the vegetative growth and promoting the flower bud differentiation are obvious, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wax apple cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method for promoting flower bud differentiation of wax apples.
Background
Syzygiumjavanica (Syzygiumjavanica) belongs to Myrtaceae (Myrtaceae) corynebacterium, is a typical perennial evergreen tropical fruit tree, is bright in color, sweet and delicious, and is deeply favored by wide consumers. In the 90 th century of the 20 th century, wax apples have been developed into one of the most important characteristic economic fruit trees in Taiwan areas of China, the wax apple planting industry has been actively developed in southern China, such as Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian and Guangdong, in the last two decades, and the wax apples have developed into regional characteristic industries for improving efficiency of hot-zone agriculture and increasing income of farmers at present.
Because the demand of high-quality wax apple fruit is not sufficient in the consumer market, the price of the high-quality wax apple fruit is high (the average sale price is 30-50 yuan/kg), and the high-quality wax apple fruit is favored by growers with high economic benefit. However, in the natural environment of syzygium samarangense, the fruit quality is low and the market competitiveness is weak due to the influence of high-temperature and humid environment on the fruit period in the spring flower and summer fruit. Therefore, how to promote early blooming of wax apples to adjust the production period to avoid rainy seasons becomes the most important link in wax apple cultivation. The key technology for regulating production in the production period is that the nutrient growth of wax apple is inhibited, and the nutrient substances stored in the plants are promoted to be converted into flower buds to be differentiated.
The main problems existing in the measures for slowing down the vegetative growth of wax apple plants and promoting flower bud differentiation at present are as follows:
the existing technology for retarding the vegetative growth of plants and promoting the differentiation of flower buds has complex links and high investment cost of labor and agricultural materials.
② the flower bud differentiation and transformation effect is not good, which is reflected in that the flower amount is small and the flower bud is irregular after flower forcing.
Thirdly, a large amount of chemical fertilizers are applied to the ground, so that the physical and chemical structure of the land is damaged, and the links are polluted.
Over-inhibition of vegetative growth causes the tree body to be weak, and the yield and quality of the tree in the next year are influenced.
The existing cultivation method for promoting the differentiation of the flower buds of the wax apples comprises two methods, one method is to cultivate 1-3 batches of new shoots after pruning, cover a black net about 40 days ahead of the flower forcing period and force the wax apples to be dormant and stop growing through a light limiting way. The method needs to thoroughly remove the plant diseases and insect pests before covering the black net, if the plant diseases and insect pests are not completely removed and are easy to breed more plant diseases and insect pests, the prevention and the control are inconvenient after covering the black net. In addition, the plants still need to be supplemented with a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during the period of covering the black net. Therefore, the black net method has the defects that more labor and agricultural cost is required, the black net covering time is not easy to master, the plant leaves are seriously fallen after the black net covering time is long, a large number of buds are not easy to flower, and the later yield is influenced due to the weak tree body. The second method is to apply or irrigate phosphate-potash fertilizer to the ground in a large amount to reduce the vegetative growth of the plants. In the method, 12-16 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 4-6 kg of potash fertilizer are required to be added. The disadvantages are that the physical and chemical structure of the land is deteriorated, the land is acidified and the environment is polluted because of the large amount of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. In addition, the inhibition effect is poor if the flower-forcing agent meets high temperature and rainy weather, and the flower-forcing effect is unstable.
Therefore, in the wax apple in-date adjustment production, a method for promoting the differentiation of the wax apple flower buds by slightly simplifying and efficiently slowing down the vegetative growth is developed and applied, and the method has important significance for improving the adjustment flower forcing success rate of the wax apple in-date, reducing the production cost and labor input, increasing the yield and improving the quality, and even the economic benefit and development of the wax apple industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds, which is reduced in fertilizer consumption, simplified in process, and increased in flower bud number.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme is as follows:
a cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds comprises the following steps,
(1) light scissors
Adjusting 70-80 days before the flowering promoting day in the wax apple production period, carrying out light shearing, wherein the light shearing requires that the upper-layer spindly branches of the crown of the tree are thinned, the branches of the king branches in the inner hall are sheared, the branches are overlapped, the dense branches and the dry-off branches are cut off, and spraying a bactericide once in the whole garden after the light shearing is finished;
(2) ground spreading phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer
The next day after the light shearing work is finished, fully drenching the tree disc, scattering 2-3 kg of calcium superphosphate mixed with 0.5-1 kg of potassium chloride to the nearby water dripping line of the tree crown for the wax apple plants with the age of more than 5 years, respectively reducing the corresponding phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application amount of the fruit trees to 1.2-2 kg and 0.3-0.5 kg for 3-4 years, and scattering the fertilizer for 1 time every 15 days for 3-4 times;
(3) ground spraying phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer
On the seventh day after the ground fertilization work is finished, performing sprinkling irrigation on the plants by using a phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer, and irrigating the plants once every 15 days for 3-4 times;
(4) spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution and mixed water solution of auxin on leaves
Spraying the phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer on the ground for the same day, spraying the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auxin mixed aqueous solution in the whole garden, and spraying the mixed aqueous solution to the leaf surfaces for dripping, wherein the spraying is carried out once every 15 days for 4-5 times.
As a further improvement of the invention, the light shearing enables the plant branches to be short and well layered, the spatial configuration avoids overlapping, and the interior of the crown is light-transmitting and well ventilated.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step (2), the phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer is formed by mixing calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, the wax apple plants with the age of more than 5 years are scattered near the water dripping line of the crown by mixing 0.5kg of potassium chloride with 2kg of calcium superphosphate, and the corresponding phosphorus-potassium fertilization amount of the fruit trees in 3-4 years is respectively reduced to 1.2kg and 0.3kg per plant. The proportion of the calcium superphosphate to the potassium chloride is more scientific and reasonable when being 4:1, the differentiation of flower buds is promoted, the use of the phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer is reduced, and the influence on the land is reduced and avoided.
As a further improvement of the invention, the phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer in the step (3) is prepared by uniformly mixing 10-15 kg of 98% monopotassium phosphate, 2.5-5 kg of potassium chloride and 1t of water; 20-22 kg of phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer is poured into each plant.
As a further improvement of the invention, the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution prepared by 98 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3 to 0.5 percent.
As a further improvement of the invention, the auxin is a mixture of SNA and 2, 4-D, the concentration of SNA is 25-30 ppm, and the concentration of 2, 4-D is 5-8 ppm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the auxin is a mixture of SNA, 2, 4-D, paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride, the concentration of SNA is 25-30 ppm, the concentration of 2, 4-D is 5-8 ppm, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 4-6 ppm, and the concentration of chlormequat chloride is 2-5 ppm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the spraying is carried out by adopting a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer, and the spraying is carried out until the water drops on the leaf surfaces.
The invention spreads the mixed fertilizer of calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride on the ground, drenches the aqueous solution fertilizer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride on the ground 7 days later, and sprays the aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaf surface to carry out crossed three-dimensional fertilization on the plant after light shearing, namely, the root and the leaf are simultaneously absorbed, the utilization time and the effect of fertilizer elements are improved, and the high-efficiency and high-frequency phosphorus-potassium fertilizer effect is achieved. The plants absorb and transform the fertilizer to promote the growth in the early stage of fertilization, and the redundant nitrogen in the tree body is continuously consumed along with the continuous growth of the plants. Phosphorus element is called flower fertilizer, is an important fertilizer element for plant flower bud differentiation, can promote the young leaves to age quickly, and as the nitrogen element in the plant body is less and the spraying and filling frequency of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is increased, the vegetative growth is slowed down until most of the branch tips are in vegetative growth retardation, the carbohydrate synthesized by the photosynthesis of the mature leaves is continuously accumulated on the branches and leaves, the plant is in a state that the carbohydrate is in and out, and the plant is converted into reproductive growth after a certain amount of the carbohydrate is accumulated.
The syzygium samarangense plants grow vigorously especially in high-temperature rainy seasons, and the vigorous shoot growth consumes a large amount of carbohydrate in the tree body, so that the nutrient reserve converted into flower bud differentiation is reduced. In order to enhance the effect of slowing the vegetative growth of plants, the method disclosed by the invention is matched with a mixture of SNA and 2, 4-D auxin when the potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves, and has very ideal inhibition effect on controlling the number and length of young tips of wax apples.
SNA (water-soluble sodium naphthylacetate) and naphthylacetic acid are auxin substances, are broad-spectrum plant growth regulators and belong to safety-level products basically without residues. Has double physiological functions, can promote growth, promote metabolism and photosynthesis of plants, and inhibit growth, and shows different physiological functions according to different crops and use concentrations. The inhibition of wax apple shoots and vegetative growth was best achieved in the present method at a concentration of 25 ppm.
2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyethanol) is an artificial synthetic auxin, so as to reduce transpiration and water loss. If the optimum concentration is exceeded, ethylene production will occur, and the growth promoting effect will be reduced, or even reversed to inhibition. The main reason why auxin can promote cell elongation is that it can acidify the cell wall environment and increase the activity of hydrolytic enzyme, thus making the structure of cell wall loose and plasticity increase, and benefiting cell volume increase. Can also promote the synthesis of RNA and protein, promote the division and differentiation of cells; not only can promote the growth of plants, but also can inhibit the growth of plants; the low concentration has the function of promoting organ elongation, and the high concentration of auxin can inhibit the growth of plants (more than 10 mg/L).
The mutual matching of SNA and 2, 4-D has complementary strengthening effect, naphthylacetic acid enters into plant body from the tender epidermis of leaf and branch, and is guided to the acting part along with nutrient flow. The 2, 4-D can be used as a herbicide used after the bud at a high concentration (1000mg/L) and can kill various broad-leaved weeds, monocotyledons and gramineous plants have certain tolerance to the herbicide, dicotyledons and broad-leaved plants are very sensitive to the herbicide, and the 2, 4-D with a proper concentration is selected to treat the tender buds of the wax apple taken out by utilizing the selectivity.
The paclobutrazol has the effects of delaying plant growth, inhibiting stem elongation, shortening internodes, promoting plant tillering, promoting flower bud differentiation, increasing the stress resistance of plants, improving yield and the like. The paclobutrazol is long in residual time in soil and stable in storage at normal temperature, so that the dosage of paclobutrazol is strictly controlled, the growth of nutritive leaf buds is inhibited, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and meanwhile, the soil drug residue caused by excessive amount is reduced and avoided.
The chlormequat chloride (CCC) can control the vegetative growth of plants (namely the growth of roots, stems and leaves), promote the reproductive growth of the plants (namely the growth of flowers and fruits) and improve the fruit setting rate of the plants; the fertilizer has the advantages that the fertilizer has a regulation effect on the growth of crops, can promote tillering and increase the yield, increases the chlorophyll content after being used, makes the leaves dark green, enhances the photosynthesis, thickens the leaves and develops the root system; can prevent the plant from growing on vain; is favorable for improving the stress resistance of plants; the number of pores of the blades is reduced, and the transpiration rate is reduced.
The mixed water solution of the plant auxin further adds paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride on the basis of the SNA and the 2, 4-D, plays roles of further inhibiting vegetative growth and promoting and regulating flower bud differentiation, and ensures that the promoting and assisting SNA and the 2, 4-D play roles in regulating and controlling by strictly controlling the using amounts of the paclobutrazol and the chlormequat chloride, so that the promoting role is further strong. Especially, chlormequat chloride has the capability of promoting the balance absorption of water and fertilizer and the coordination of metabolism in vivo of plants, can effectively regulate and control the root/crown and vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the plants, and has an important effect on improving the quality of crops.
2, 4-D plant growth regulator and chlormequat chloride are mixed and applied, which is beneficial to being absorbed by plants; the 2, 4-D plant growth regulator has small initial absorption amount, promotes cell division and elongation, differentiates and forms new organs, can repair and heal branch damage caused by light shearing of wax apple, and assists chlormequat chloride to inhibit growth of wax apple along with increase of absorption amount. Under the synergistic action of chlormequat chloride and a 2, 4-D plant growth regulator, the metabolism of syzygium samarangense is reduced, the loss of nutrients per se is reduced, good conditions are provided for promoting flower forcing and promoting flower bud differentiation in the later period, and chlormequat chloride solution and the 2, 4-D plant growth regulator are remained in syzygium samarangense, so that the flower forcing can be promoted, and the fruit can be prevented from falling off; and residual chlormequat chloride can promote fruit ripening.
And when the flower bud differentiation of the plants is completed, the rest operations are carried out according to the normal flower forcing flow of the wax apple orchard.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention is beneficial to improving the technical level and efficiency of promoting the completion of flower bud differentiation in the syzygium samarangense production period regulation production. The inhibition of vegetative growth and the promotion of flower bud differentiation before flower forcing of syzygium samarangense are key links of plants changing from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and the completion or degree of flower bud differentiation is directly related to the flower quantity, yield and success or failure of the adjustment of the current-year production period of trees. The invention can ensure that the completion of flower bud differentiation can be effectively promoted by reasonable fertilizer element proportion, continuous and efficient application and matching with the regulation and control of auxin, solves the key technical difficulty of regulating the production period of wax apple, and has the advantage of regular flower bud germination after flower forcing.
2. According to the invention, the ground and the leaf surfaces are sprayed with the monopotassium phosphate water-soluble fertilizer, so that the using amount of the ground phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is reduced, and the absorption effect is improved in a water-soluble fertilizer spraying and irrigating manner, so that the influence of the fertilizer on the land is reduced, and the absorption effect of fertilizer elements is improved; in addition, the time interval of fertilization can be shortened by carrying out the ground spreading and the foliage spraying in a staggered way, and the continuous and efficient element supply can be kept. The phosphorus and potassium elements with reasonable concentration are beneficial to the rapid aging of new leaves of the wax apple plants and the transformation of nitrogen in the trees, thereby slowing the growth speed of nutrition and improving the accumulation of carbohydrates. When the carbohydrate is accumulated to a certain concentration, the carbohydrate can be converted into flower buds to be differentiated, and the appearance of the plant shows that the tree is worn out, and the leaves are laid down to approximate to a dormant state. The ratio of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is preferably 4-3: 1, the fertilizing amount and the ratio are scientific and reasonable, the land is not polluted, and the operation mode is simple and easy. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the method has the characteristics of simple operation process, low cost, ecological safety, high efficiency and stability in promoting the flower bud differentiation of the wax apple plants.
3. The invention prepares the water solution fertilizer by 98 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride, drenches and irrigates once every 7 days by a water solution fertilizer drenching mode, drenches and irrigates the water solution fertilizer for 4 to 6 days, and then is supplemented with 0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate water soluble foliar fertilizer to spray the whole tree, can strengthen and maintain the influence of the phosphate fertilizer on the plant, thereby achieving the effect of stably inhibiting the vegetative growth.
4. According to the invention, two widely used auxin, namely SNA and 2, 4-D, are matched in the monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer aqueous solution fertilizer, so that the vegetative growth of the wax apple plants can be complementarily, efficiently and stably slowed down and inhibited, and the effects of opening sources and throttling, effectively promoting the accumulation of tree photosynthetic products and further stably promoting flower bud differentiation are achieved. Through the enhanced regulation effect of the two auxin, compared with the traditional method for applying heavy fertilizer on one ground, the method can achieve stable effect of inhibiting vegetative growth even in high-temperature rainy seasons
5. A small amount of paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride can be added into the growth inhibitor adopted by the invention, and the chlormequat chloride is matched with SNA and 2, 4-D for use; the SNA and 2, 4-D plant growth regulator is little absorbed by the wax apple at the beginning, and can promote the repair of the damaged branches of the wax apple and the differentiation and formation of new organs; with the increase of the absorption amount, the addition of the paclobutrazol and the chlormequat chloride can assist in inhibiting the vegetative growth of the wax apple, further promote the differentiation of flower buds, further promote the subsequent flower forcing, promote the differentiation of the flower buds and prevent fruits from falling off.
6. Compared with the existing fertilizing method, the method has the advantages that the flower forcing and forming rate is high, the inflorescence quantity is large and neat, labor and cost are saved, the method is easy to popularize, and the effect of promoting the synergy of the wax apple industry is important.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of the growth vigor of flower buds of wax apple trunks, wherein A is the cultivation condition of the existing method A, and B is the cultivation condition obtained by the cultivation method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of flower bud growth vigor of wax apple branches, C is the cultivation condition of the existing method B, and D is the cultivation condition obtained by the cultivation method of the invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1:
a cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds comprises the following steps,
(1) light scissors
Adjusting 70 days before the flowering promoting day in the wax apple production period, and performing light shearing, wherein the light shearing requires that the upper-layer spindly branches of the crown of the tree are thinned, and the branches of the canna longissima, the overlapped branches, the dense branches and the dry-out branches are sheared; the plant branches are short and well layered by light shearing, and the space preparation avoids overlapping, so that the interior of the tree crown is light-transmitting and well ventilated; spraying a bactericide once in the whole garden after the light shearing; the bactericide can be 0.2% potassium permanganate solution. The spraying of the disinfectant can realize effective sterilization effect on the wound of the plant after the light shearing, and can prevent the plant from infecting plant diseases;
(2) ground spreading phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer
The next day after the light shearing work is finished, fully wetting the tree disc, wherein the phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer is formed by mixing calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, the wax apple plants with the age of more than 5 years are scattered near the water dripping line of the crown by mixing 3kg of calcium superphosphate and 1kg of potassium chloride, the corresponding phosphorus-potassium fertilizer application amount of the fruit trees in 3-4 years is respectively reduced to 2kg and 0.5kg per plant, and the fertilizer is scattered for 1 time every 15 days for 4 times;
(3) ground spraying phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer
On the seventh day after the ground fertilization work is finished, sprinkling and irrigating the plants with the phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer, and irrigating the plants once every 15 days for 4 times; the phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing 10kg of 98% monopotassium phosphate, 2.5kg of potassium chloride and 1t of water; 20kg of phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer is poured into each plant;
(4) spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution and mixed water solution of auxin on leaves
Spraying the phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer on the ground for the same day, spraying the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auxin mixed aqueous solution in the whole garden, and spraying the mixed aqueous solution to the leaf surfaces for dripping, wherein the spraying is carried out once every 15 days for 4 times; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is prepared by 98 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate to adjust the concentration of the solution to 0.3 percent; the mixed water solution of the auxin is a mixture of SNA and 2, 4-D, the concentration of the SNA is 25ppm, and the concentration of the 2, 4-D is 5 ppm; during spraying, a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer is adopted for spraying until the foliage drips.
Example 2:
a cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds comprises the following steps,
(1) light scissors
Slightly shearing 80 days before the date of wax apple production by adjusting the date of flower forcing, wherein the slightly shearing requires that the upper-layer spindly branches of the crown of the tree are thinly sheared, and the branches of the canker tree, the overlapped branches, the dense branches and the dry blight branches are sheared; the plant branches are short and well layered by light shearing, and the space preparation avoids overlapping, so that the interior of the tree crown is light-transmitting and well ventilated; spraying a bactericide once in the whole garden after the light shearing; the disinfectant can be 0.2% potassium permanganate solution. The spraying of the disinfectant can realize effective sterilization effect on the wound of the plant after the light shearing, and can prevent the plant from infecting plant diseases;
(2) ground spreading phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer
The next day after the light shearing work is finished, fully wetting the tree disc, wherein the phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer is formed by mixing calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, the wax apple plants with the age of more than 5 years are sprayed and applied to the vicinity of the water dripping line of the crown by mixing 0.7kg of potassium chloride with 2.8kg of calcium superphosphate, the corresponding phosphorus-potassium fertilizer application amount of the fruit trees is reduced to 1.6kg and 0.4kg per plant respectively in 3-4 years, and the fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 15 days and 3 times in total;
(3) ground spraying phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer
On the seventh day after the ground fertilization work is finished, sprinkling and irrigating the plants by using a phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer, and irrigating the plants once every 15 days for 3 times; the phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing 14kg of 98% monopotassium phosphate, 3.5kg of potassium chloride and 1t of water; each plant is irrigated with 21kg of phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer by spraying;
(4) spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution and mixed water solution of auxin on leaves
Spraying the phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer on the ground for the same day, spraying the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auxin mixed aqueous solution in the whole garden, and spraying the mixed aqueous solution to the leaf surfaces for dripping, wherein the spraying is carried out once every 15 days for 5 times; the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is adjusted to be 0.4 percent by adopting 98 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the auxin is a mixture of SNA and 2, 4-D, the concentration of SNA is 28ppm, and the concentration of 2, 4-D is 6 ppm; during spraying, a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer is adopted for spraying until the foliage drips.
Example 3:
a cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds comprises the following steps,
(1) light scissors
Slightly shearing 75 days before the date of induction of flowering in the wax apple production period, wherein the slightly shearing requires that the upper-layer spindly branches of the crown of the tree are thinly sheared, and the branches of the canna longissima, the overlapped branches, the dense branches and the dry-rot branches are sheared; the plant branches are short and well layered by light shearing, and the space preparation avoids overlapping, so that the interior of the tree crown is light-transmitting and well ventilated; spraying a bactericide once in the whole garden after the light shearing; the disinfectant can be 0.2% potassium permanganate solution. The spraying of the disinfectant can realize effective sterilization effect on the wound of the plant after the light shearing, and can prevent the plant from infecting plant diseases;
(2) ground spreading phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer
The next day after the light shearing work is finished, fully drenching the tree disc, scattering 2kg of calcium superphosphate mixed with 0.5kg of potassium chloride to the nearby water dripping line of the crown of the wax apple plants with the age of more than 5 years, respectively reducing the corresponding phosphorus and potassium fertilization amount of the fruit trees in 3-4 years to 1.2kg and 0.3kg per plant, and scattering the fertilizer for 1 time every 15 days for 3 times;
(3) ground spraying phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer
On the seventh day after the ground fertilization work is finished, sprinkling and irrigating the plants with the phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer, and irrigating the plants once every 15 days for 4 times; the phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer is prepared by adding 1t of water into 15kg of 98% monopotassium phosphate and 5kg of potassium chloride and uniformly mixing; each plant is irrigated with 22kg of phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer by spraying;
(4) spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution and mixed water solution of auxin on leaves
Spraying the phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer on the ground for the same day, spraying the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auxin mixed aqueous solution in the whole garden, and spraying the mixed aqueous solution to the leaf surfaces for dripping, wherein the spraying is carried out once every 15 days for 4 times; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is prepared by 98 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate to adjust the concentration of the solution to 0.5 percent; the auxin is a mixture of SNA, 2, 4-D, paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride, the concentration of SNA is 25ppm, the concentration of 2, 4-D is 5ppm, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 4ppm, and the concentration of chlormequat chloride is 5 ppm; spraying with a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer until the leaves drip;
after the spraying of the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is finished, a growth inhibitor is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, so that the growth inhibition effect on the wax apples is strengthened; the growth inhibitor is a mixture of chlormequat chloride solution and 2, 4-D plant growth regulator, chlormequat chloride can dwarfed plants and influence other physiological actions, and can be applied to wax apples to inhibit the vegetative growth of the wax apples and promote the transfer of the wax apples to reproductive growth, so that the cultivation purpose of early flowering of the wax apples is achieved. The 2, 4-D plant growth regulator can also play a role in inhibiting the growth of wax apples, can also reduce the metabolism of growth and aging, reduce the loss of nutrients per se and store nutrients for subsequent flower forcing.
The cycocel 2, 4-D plant growth regulator can inhibit the growth of wax apples, reduce the metabolism of plants, reduce the loss of nutrients per se and reserve nutrients for the subsequent flower forcing; meanwhile, the 2, 4-D plant growth regulator and chlormequat chloride generate antagonism, after the second spraying, the concentration contents of the 2, 4-D plant growth regulator and chlormequat chloride are reduced, and the 2, 4-D plant growth regulator promotes flower bud differentiation, promotes flower forcing effect and inhibits chlormequat chloride from generating shedding effect on syzygium samarangense; the fruit yield is ensured.
Example 4:
this example is an improvement on example 3, and the difference is only that: the auxin is a mixture of SNA, 2, 4-D, paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride, the concentration of SNA is 28ppm, the concentration of 2, 4-D is 6ppm, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 5ppm, and the concentration of chlormequat chloride is 5 ppm.
Example 5:
this example is an improvement on example 3, and the difference is only that: the auxin is a mixture of SNA, 2, 4-D, paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride, the concentration of SNA is 30ppm, the concentration of 2, 4-D is 8ppm, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 5ppm, and the concentration of chlormequat chloride is 7 ppm.
Example 6:
this example is an improvement on example 3, and the difference is only that: the auxin is a mixture of SNA, 2, 4-D, paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride, the concentration of SNA is 26ppm, the concentration of 2, 4-D is 5ppm, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 6ppm, and the concentration of chlormequat chloride is 5 ppm.
In the embodiments of the invention, the flower bud germination condition is observed 30-35 days after flower forcing, and the formed flower spike condition can be observed 45 days after flower forcing.
Test comparative example 1:
comparative example a: in the method in the prior art (method 1 explained in the background art), 1-3 batches of young shoots are cultured after pruning, a black net is covered about 40 days in advance according to the flower forcing period, and the wax apple plants are forced to be dormant by limiting the illumination to stop growing. The flower bud obtained by this method is shown as A in FIG. 1. FIG. A shows spikes 45 days after flower forcing for 40 days with a net cover.
Test group B: the wax apple is treated by adopting the embodiment 2 of the invention. The flower bud obtained by the method of the present invention is shown as B in FIG. 1. The figure B shows the spikes obtained 45 days after the flower forcing by the method of the present invention.
Test comparative example 2:
comparative example C: the prior art method (method 2 explained in the background art) forces the plants to reduce vegetative growth by means of large-scale spreading or sprinkling of the phosphorus potassium fertilizer on the ground. The method needs to input 16-18 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 4-6 kg of potash fertilizer per plant; specifically, 3-4 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 1-1.5 kg of potassium fertilizer are applied to the ground every time for 4-year-old trees, and the fertilizer is applied once every 15 days for 4 times. The method only spreads a large amount of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer on the ground, and the foliar fertilizer is occasionally sprayed, and has no hormone application. The tassels obtained by this method are shown in fig. 2C.
Test group D: the wax apple is treated by adopting the method in the embodiment 1 of the invention. The spikes obtained by the method of the present invention are shown in fig. 2D.
As is clear from FIGS. 1 and 2, the flower buds obtained in comparative example A and comparative example B are rare in number and slender, and particularly, in FIG. 2, in FIG. C, the flower buds are less differentiated, while more sprouts are present. The test groups B and D have a large number of dense and vigorous flower buds, and are thick and full; after the cultivation method provided by the invention is used for processing, flower buds grow on the wax apple trunks. Therefore, the invention can obviously improve the number of flower buds.
And (4) test recording:
dividing eight plots in a certain wax apple planting base in Guangxi, wherein the area of each plot and the number of planted wax apple plants are the same, the first to sixth planting plots correspond to examples 1 to 6 of the invention, the seventh planting plot corresponds to a comparative example A, and the eighth planting plot corresponds to a comparative example C; 10 wax apples were planted in each land. The number of the flower ears and the flower forming rate are calculated by the average value of the number of the flower ears and the percentage of flowering branches in the central part of each wax apple in different directions of east, west, south and north, the test records that the number of the flower ears and the flower forming rate obtained by the invention and the comparative example are compared in the test, and the results are detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1 Syzygium samarangense spike number and flowering record table
| Serial number | Name (R) | Number of flower ears | Percentage of flower formation (%) |
| 1 | Inventive example 1 | 636 | 99.1 |
| 2 | Inventive example 2 | 592 | 97.6 |
| 3 | Inventive example 3 | 720 | 98.6 |
| 4 | Inventive example 4 | 744 | 100 |
| 5 | Inventive example 5 | 652 | 98.2 |
| 6 | Inventive example 6 | 687 | 100 |
| 7 | Comparative example A | 156 | 90.62 |
| 8 | Comparative example C | 144 | 88.93 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the cultivation method of the present invention is energy efficient in increasing the number of rosettes and the flowering rate. The amount of the flower spikes obtained by the cultivation method is far greater than that of the flower spikes obtained by the traditional cultivation method, and the flower forming rate can also reach more than 97%; high flower spike amount and high flower forming rate, thereby greatly improving the yield of the wax apples and improving the planting economic benefit.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds is characterized by comprising the following steps,
(1) light scissors
Adjusting 70-80 days before the flowering promoting day in the wax apple production period, carrying out light shearing, wherein the light shearing requires that the upper-layer spindly branches of the crown of the tree are thinned, the branches of the king branches in the inner hall are sheared, the branches are overlapped, the dense branches and the dry-off branches are cut off, and spraying a bactericide once in the whole garden after the light shearing is finished;
(2) ground spreading phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer
The next day after the light shearing work is finished, fully drenching the tree disc, scattering 2-3 kg of calcium superphosphate mixed with 0.5-1 kg of potassium chloride to the nearby water dripping line of the tree crown for the wax apple plants with the age of more than 5 years, respectively reducing the corresponding phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application amount of the fruit trees to 1.2-2 kg and 0.3-0.5 kg for 3-4 years, and scattering the fertilizer for 1 time every 15 days for 3-4 times;
(3) ground spraying phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer
On the seventh day after the ground fertilization work is finished, performing sprinkling irrigation on the plants by using a phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer, and irrigating the plants once every 15 days for 3-4 times; the phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing 10-15 kg of 98% monopotassium phosphate, 2.5-5 kg of potassium chloride and 1t of water; each plant is irrigated with 20-22 kg of phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer by spraying;
(4) spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution and mixed water solution of auxin on leaves
Spraying a phosphorus-potassium mixed aqueous solution fertilizer on the ground for the same day, spraying a potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auxin mixed aqueous solution in the whole garden, and spraying the mixed aqueous solution to the leaf surfaces for dripping, wherein the spraying is carried out once every 15 days for 4-5 times;
the mixed water solution of the auxin is a mixture of SNA, 2, 4-D, paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride, the concentration of the SNA is 25-30 ppm, the concentration of the 2, 4-D is 5-8 ppm, the concentration of the paclobutrazol is 4-6 ppm, and the concentration of the chlormequat chloride is 2-5 ppm.
2. The cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the light shearing enables the plant branches to be short and clear in level, the space is prepared to avoid overlapping, and the interior of the crown is good in light transmission and ventilation.
3. The cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), more than 5 years old syzygium samarangense plants are sprayed with 0.5kg of potassium chloride mixed with 2kg of calcium superphosphate to be close to tree crown drip, and the corresponding phosphorus and potassium fertilizing amount of the fruit trees in 3-4 years is reduced to 1.2kg and 0.3kg respectively.
4. The cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution prepared in the step (4) is 0.3-0.5% by adopting 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
5. The cultivation method for promoting differentiation of syzygium samarangense flower buds as claimed in claim 1, wherein: during spraying, a knapsack sprayer or a mechanical sprayer is adopted for spraying until the foliage drips.
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| 干热河谷区莲雾栽培;高锡春等;《云南农业》;20161105(第11期);第90页 * |
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