CN112790060B - Mountain Huang Pilao tree updating method - Google Patents
Mountain Huang Pilao tree updating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112790060B CN112790060B CN202110012610.3A CN202110012610A CN112790060B CN 112790060 B CN112790060 B CN 112790060B CN 202110012610 A CN202110012610 A CN 202110012610A CN 112790060 B CN112790060 B CN 112790060B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing carboxylic groups or thio analogues thereof, directly attached by the carbon atom to a cycloaliphatic ring; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mountain Huang Pilao tree updating method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) fertilizing; (2) retracting for a plurality of times; (3) tip fixing; (4) trimming; (5) water and fertilizer management; (6) pest control. The method for updating the mountain Huang Pilao tree is simple, labor-saving, fast in growth, easy in crown formation, capable of promoting early fruiting and reducing cost, and by means of the method, the crowns of the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchards are updated and rejuvenated, the soil fertility is enhanced, and diseases and insect pests of the mountain Huang Pilao tree are timely prevented and treated, so that the production capacity of the mountain Huang Pilao tree is effectively improved, the rapid updating and rejuvenation is realized, the yield and quality of the mountain Huang Pilao tree are increased, the high-quality fruit rate is improved, and the sustainable development of mountain yellow skin is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a mountain Huang Pilao tree updating method.
Background
The mountain wampee is commonly called chicken skin fruit, is a perennial evergreen big shrub or small arbor of wampee genus of Citrus subfamily of Rutaceae, and is mainly distributed in the southern subtropical region of the south of the return line of North, and mainly produced in the southwest, new Congress of Guangdong, and North Vietnam and Philippines of China. The wampee fruit is summer fruit and is also one of special, thin and excellent fruits in China. The fruits of the wampee fruits are berries, and the peels and the pulps are edible, sweet and sour and pleasant in fragrance; the pulp contains 17 amino acids per 100 g of total content of 1.029 g, vitamin C content of 66-82 mg, total sugar content of 9.8-10%, solid content of 17.5-18.3%, protein of 1.3%, total acidity of 2.28%, edible rate of above 75-80%, drying rate of 11-14%, and abundant various nutrient elements such as iron and calcium, and has high nutritive value. The branches, leaves, fruits and rhizome of the cortex phellodendri have the effects of eliminating phlegm, resolving qi, removing food retention, removing food stagnation and the like, have good health care effect, are favored by consumers, and have wide market prospect.
The cortex Phellodendri has good sour and sweet taste and fragrance, and can be processed into dried cortex Phellodendri, preserved fruit, jam, beverage, etc. The product has the effects of eliminating greasy, promoting appetite and unique flavor. The wampee fruit has better nutritive value and medicinal efficacy, is a fine meat seasoning product, and is deeply favored by people. In recent decades, along with the development and utilization of wild miscellaneous fruits, the mountain wampee is developed and utilized as a precious spice fruit, and along with the improvement of the living standard of people and the development of the side-gate travel industry, the wild fruit of mountain wampee is selected and developed in a planned way, so that the mountain wampee has good development prospect.
With the continuous expansion of the artificial domestication cultivation area, the problems of partial tree age, sealing, outward displacement of the resulting part and weakening of the tree vigor of the mountain wampee orchard are increasingly prominent, and if the old orchard is planted again, the time is long and the cost is high. How to make the mountain Huang Pilao orchard pruning, realize rapid updating rejuvenation, realize high and stable yield in successive years, improve the high-quality fruit rate, and rapidly solve.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a mountain Huang Pilao tree updating method, which effectively improves the production capacity of a mountain Huang Pilao tree, realizes rapid updating and rejuvenation, increases the yield and quality of the mountain Huang Pilao tree, realizes high and stable yield in successive years, improves the high-quality fruit rate and realizes sustainable development of mountain wampee through the steps of fertilization, fractional retraction, tip fixing, pruning, water fertilizer management and pest control.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a mountain Huang Pilao tree updating method, comprising the steps of:
(1) And (3) fertilization: digging ditches under the water drop line of the crown of the mountain Huang Pilao tree 7-10 days after fruits are harvested on the mountain wampee, uniformly fertilizing 10-15kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 1.0-2.0kg of urea are applied to each mountain Huang Pilao tree, and returning soil to fill up after all fertilizers and soil are uniformly stirred;
(2) Retracting for a plurality of times: 20-30 days after fertilization, retracting the mountain Huang Pilao tree for multiple times, selecting 2-3 main branches which grow obliquely, sawing off the main branches at a position 30-40cm above a branching port, retracting the rest main branches again at a position 10-15cm above the branching port after fruit collection in the next year, sterilizing and disinfecting the tree body by using a bactericide after each retraction, and smearing a healing agent after the cutting port is dried;
(3) Fixing the tip: the mountain Huang Pilao tree starts to sprout 30-40 days after being retracted again, when the new shoots are pulled out and grow to 10-15cm, 2-3 branches of the new shoots with good fertility and proper positions are selected as new main branches, and the rest excessive branches are all cut off, so that the branches are uniformly distributed in all directions;
(4) Pruning: topping the branches when the growth length of the new main branches reaches 30-40cm, promoting the secondary shoots to germinate, reserving 1-2 branches on each shoot, topping when the length reaches 30-40cm, regenerating small branches by the branches, and circulating to enable the retracted old trees to quickly form tree crowns;
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer management: after retraction, the drought is sprayed with water for 1 time every 2-3 days, and after one week, the drought is sprayed with water for 1 time every 6-8 days until the young shoots are extracted; when each batch of young sprout leaves turns from yellow to green, ditching and fertilizing, applying 0.5-1kg of compound fertilizer to each mountain Huang Pilao tree, stirring the compound fertilizer and the soil uniformly, and filling the soil; applying a foliar fertilizer once to the tips, and spraying the foliar fertilizer when more than 60-70% of the new tips are pulled out for 4-8 cm;
(6) Pest control: and when more than 60-70% of the young shoots grow 4-8cm in each batch, starting to control the plant diseases and insect pests.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the healing agent in the step (2) is diluted by 1200-1500 times of liquid after mixing chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 6-glycosyl aminopurine, monopotassium phosphate and polyacrylamide according to the weight ratio of 1:8-10:6-8:10-15:20-25.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the bactericide in the step (2) is prepared by mixing 20-30% of coumoxystrobin and 10-20% of zinc cyclohexylformate according to the weight ratio of 1:1-2, diluting 500-1000 times of the solution, spraying 1 time to the tree body every 5-8 days, and continuously spraying 2-4 times.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, in the step (5), the foliar fertilizer is used by diluting 1000-1500 times of liquid after mixing 0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.3% of diammonium phosphate and 0.2-0.5% of urea according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1-2.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the biological organic fertilizer in the step (1) is formed by mixing dry cow dung, plant ash, rice hulls and perlite according to the weight ratio of 1:0.5-1:1:2-3, and fully fermenting and curing by saccharomycetes.
As a preferable mode of the technical scheme, the pest control in the step (6) is as follows: spraying and killing aphid with 2000-3000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, spraying and killing thrips with 3000-5000 times of 20% imidacloprid concentrated emulsion or 1500-2000 times of 5% acetamiprid wettable powder, and spraying and killing leaf miner with 1000-1500 times of 50% cartap emulsion or 2000-3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin; the anthracnose is coated with 600-800 times of carbendazim solution, the ulcer disease is coated with 75% of chlorothalonil and 50% of revuzm solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1-2, and then the mixture is diluted by 50-100 times of solution, the root knot nematode disease is coated with 1000-1500 times of avermectin emulsifiable concentrate for root casting.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the usage amount of the mixed liquid of the foliar fertilizer in the step (5) is based on that all branches and leaves are uniformly sprayed and water drops downwards at the beginning.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the tree body is covered with a sunshade net after the tree body is retracted in the step (2) so as to prevent the bark from being burnt by the sun, promote the wound to heal quickly and make the branches reissue new shoots.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the compound fertilizer in the step (5) is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the N: P: K=15:15:15.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the trench depth is 20-40cm, the trench length is 1.5-2m, and the trench width is 20-30cm in the step (1); the depth of the groove in the step (5) is 15-20cm, the length of the groove is 1.5-2m, and the width of the groove is 10-20cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention effectively improves the production capacity of the mountain Huang Pilao tree, realizes rapid updating and rejuvenation, increases the yield and quality of the mountain Huang Pilao tree, realizes high and stable yield in successive years, improves the high-quality fruit rate and realizes sustainable development of mountain wampee through the steps of fertilization, fractional retraction, tip fixing, pruning, water and fertilizer management and pest control.
2. The invention can update and rejuvenate the crown of the mountain Huang Pilao tree, enhance the soil fertility and prevent and treat the plant diseases and insect pests of the mountain Huang Pilao tree in time, so that the production capacity of the old mountain Huang Pilao tree is quickly restored to the level of the full period within 4 years, the average yield per plant can be more than 12.5kg, the benefit is improved by more than 33.1%, the problem of low yield and low efficiency of the mountain Huang Pilao tree is effectively solved, the yield and the quality are greatly improved, and the development of the mountain yellow skin industry is further promoted.
3. The selected healing agent is formed by mixing chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 6-glycosyl aminopurine, monopotassium phosphate and polyacrylamide, wherein the chlorobromoisocyanuric acid is a low-toxicity systemic bactericide which can quickly inhibit the growth of microorganisms by modifying mycoprotein, changing membrane permeability, interfering physiological and biochemical reactions of an enzyme system and other processes after being contacted with microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, so that the death of microbial cells is caused; the sodium alginate oligosaccharide is a low molecular weight oligosaccharide produced by degrading sodium alginate under the action of lyase, and has the functions of regulating and controlling plant growth, development, reproduction, activating plant defense reaction and the like; the 6-glycosyl amino purine can effectively promote cell division and promote germination of callus, so that wound healing is accelerated; the monopotassium phosphate can improve the stress resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance of crops, and has obvious effect on healing of the skin injury of the crops; the polyacrylamide has good film forming property, so that a wound can be quickly formed; the healing agent composed of the substances effectively prevents the rapid loss of moisture and nutrients at the wound, increases nutrition, improves the antibacterial and bacteriostatic ability of the wound and accelerates the healing speed of the wound.
4. The bactericide used in the invention is composed of coumoxystrobin and zinc cyclohexanecarboxylate according to a certain weight ratio, and the phenomenon that the tree body is weak in resistance and easy to be infected by bacteria is avoided by sterilizing and disinfecting the tree body due to retraction; the coumoxystrobin is used as a broad-spectrum bactericide, has high activity, has the functions of protection, treatment and eradication, and can inhibit the electron transfer of mitochondria by combining with a germ cytochrome complex, thereby destroying germ energy synthesis and playing a role in sterilization; the zinc cyclohexyl formate has protective and therapeutic effects, and can interfere the formation of spindle bodies in the mycelium division of bacteria, influence the cell division and prevent mycelium generation; through the compound use of the two substances, the efficient sterilization effect can be achieved, the tree body is prevented from being infected by bacteria, the recovery of the production capacity of the tree Huang Pilao is promoted, and the rapid updating and rejuvenation of the tree Huang Pilao is realized.
5. The method for updating the mountain Huang Pilao tree is simple, labor-saving, fast in growth, easy in crown formation, capable of promoting early knot formation and reducing cost, and in the method, 2-3 main branches which grow obliquely are selected, sawn at a position 30-40cm above a branching port, the number of main branches which are extracted and light is controlled, and the robustness of the main branches is ensured; the rest main branches are not retracted, and the main branches are retracted again at the position 10cm to 15cm above the branch opening after fruit harvest in the second year, so that the yield in the third year after retraction is effectively improved.
6. The organic fertilizer used in the invention has reasonable composition and proportion, can effectively regulate and control the release of water and fertilizer, provides sufficient nutritional ingredients for the rejuvenation of the mountain Huang Pilao tree, realizes the rapid rejuvenation of the mountain Huang Pilao tree, and further increases the yield and quality of the mountain Huang Pilao tree.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard.
Fig. 2 is a mountain Huang Pilao tree shrink.
Fig. 3 is a drawing of the tree of mountain Huang Pilao.
Fig. 4 is a view of the tree shoot pruning of mountain Huang Pilao.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are only intended to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The mountain Huang Pilao orchard (shown in figure 1) with the age of 20 years, outward displacement of parts, weak tree vigor and low yield and low efficiency is updated and rejuvenated by adopting the following steps:
(1) And (3) fertilization: digging ditches under the water dripping line of the crown of the mountain Huang Pilao tree for uniform fertilizer cultivation 8 days after fruits are harvested, applying 12kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 1.5kg of urea to each mountain Huang Pilao tree, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is formed by mixing dry cow dung, plant ash, rice hulls and perlite according to the weight ratio of 1:0.8:1:2.5, fully fermenting and curing by saccharomycetes, uniformly stirring all the fertilizer and soil, and filling back the soil;
(2) Retracting for a plurality of times: the method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out repeated retraction on a mountain Huang Pilao tree 25 days after fertilization, selecting 2 main branches which grow obliquely, sawing the main branches 25cm above a branching port, carrying out repeated retraction on the rest main branches after fruit harvesting in the second year, carrying out repeated retraction on the branches 12cm above the branching port, carrying out sterilization and disinfection on the tree body by using a bactericide after each retraction, mixing 25% coumoxystrobin and 15% zinc cyclohexylformate according to a weight ratio of 1:1.5, diluting 800 times of liquid, spraying 1 time on the tree body every 6 days, continuously spraying 3 times, and smearing a healing agent after the shearing port is dried, wherein the healing agent is diluted 1400 times of liquid after mixing chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, sodium alginate oligosaccharides, 6-glycosyl aminopurine, monopotassium phosphate and polyacrylamide according to a weight ratio of 1:9:6:12:23, and covering the tree body with a healing agent to prevent sun burn bark, promoting rapid healing of wounds and enabling new shoots to be re-emitted;
(3) Fixing the tip: the mountain Huang Pilao tree starts to sprout 35 days after being retracted again, when the new shoots are pulled out and grow to 12cm, 2 branches of the new shoots with good fertility and proper positions are selected as new main branches, and the rest excessive branches are all sheared off, so that the branches in all directions are uniformly distributed;
(4) Pruning: when the growth length of the new main branch reaches 35cm, topping the branches to promote the germination of the secondary branches, leaving 2 branches on each branch, topping when the length reaches 35cm, regenerating small branches by the branches, and circulating the branches to enable the retracted old tree to quickly form a tree crown;
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer management: after retraction, the drought is sprayed with water for 1 time every 2 days, and after one week, the drought is sprayed with water for 1 time every 6 days until the young shoots are pulled out; when each batch of young shoots are changed from yellow to green, ditching is carried out to fertilize, the ditch depth is 18cm, the ditch length is 1.8m, the ditch width is 15cm, each tree of Huang Pilao mountains is applied with 0.8kg of ternary compound fertilizer with the N and the P and the K being 15:15:15, and the compound fertilizer and the soil are stirred uniformly and then returned to the soil for filling; applying a foliar fertilizer once to a tip, and when more than 65% of new tips are pulled out for 6cm, spraying the foliar fertilizer, wherein the foliar fertilizer is used by diluting 1200 times of liquid after 0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2% of diammonium phosphate and 0.4% of urea are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1.5, and the application amount is based on that all branches and leaves are uniformly sprayed and water drops downwards begin to appear;
(6) Pest control: when more than 65% of the young shoots grow for 6cm, pest control is started, aphids are sprayed and killed by 2500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, thrips are sprayed and killed by 4000 times of 20% imidacloprid concentrated emulsion or 1800 times of 5% acetamiprid wettable powder, and leaf miners are sprayed and killed by 1200 times of 50% cartap emulsion or 2500 times of 2.5% deltamethrin; 50% carbendazim 700 times liquid is used for coating the infected part for anthracnose, 75% chlorothalonil and 50% resina to be mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1.5, 80 times liquid is diluted for coating the infected part, and 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 1200 times liquid is used for root knot nematode disease for root watering.
After the technical measures are adopted in the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard, the production capacity of the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard is restored to the level of the full-year period of the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard, the crowns of the mountain orchard are beautiful, the fruits are high in quality, the average yield of each mountain Huang Pilao tree is 12.5kg, the benefit is improved by 33.1%, and the yield is high and stable in successive years.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that the mountain Huang Pilao tree in the comparative example 1 is retracted each time, the healing agent is not used for smearing at the cut, the rest is the same as the example 1, after the technical measure is adopted in the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard, the average yield of each mountain Huang Pilao tree is 6.1kg, and the benefit is improved by 12.5%.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is different from example 1 in that after the mountain Huang Pilao tree in comparative example 2 is retracted each time, the tree body is sterilized and disinfected without using a bactericide, the rest is the same as example 1, after the technical measure is adopted in the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard, the average yield of each mountain Huang Pilao tree is 6.8kg, and the benefit is improved by 14.2%.
Example 2
The mountain Huang Pilao orchard with 25 years of age, outward displacement of parts, weak tree vigor and low yield and low efficiency is updated and rejuvenated by adopting the following steps:
(1) And (3) fertilization: digging ditches under the water dripping line of the crown of the mountain Huang Pilao tree for uniform fertilizer cultivation 7 days after fruits are harvested on the mountain Huang Pilao tree, wherein the ditches are 20cm deep, 1.5m long and 20cm wide, 10kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 1.0kg of urea are applied to each mountain Huang Pilao tree, the bio-organic fertilizer is formed by mixing dry cow dung, plant ash, rice hulls and perlite according to the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1:2, and the bio-organic fertilizer is fully fermented and cured by saccharomycetes, and after all the fertilizer and soil are uniformly stirred, the soil is returned for filling;
(2) Retracting for a plurality of times: 20 days after fertilization, carrying out fractional retraction on the mountain Huang Pilao tree, selecting 2 main branches which grow obliquely, sawing off the main branches at a position 30cm above a branching port, carrying out repeated retraction on the rest main branches at a position 10cm above the branching port after fruit harvesting in the second year, carrying out sterilization and disinfection on the tree body by using a bactericide after each retraction, mixing 20% coumoxystrobin and 10% zinc cyclohexylformate according to a weight ratio of 1:1, diluting 500 times of liquid, spraying 1 time every 5 days on the tree body, continuously spraying 2 times, coating the tree body after the shearing port is dried, and using a healing agent, wherein the healing agent is prepared by mixing chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, sodium alginate oligosaccharides, 6-glycosyl aminopurine, monopotassium phosphate and polyacrylamide according to a weight ratio of 1:8:6:10:20, diluting 1200 times of liquid, and covering the tree body with a sun-shading net after the application of the healing agent so as to prevent sun burn bark, promote rapid healing of wounds and enable branches to send new tips again;
(3) Fixing the tip: the mountain Huang Pilao tree starts to sprout 30 days after being retracted again, when the new shoots are pulled out and grow to 10cm, 2 branches of the new shoots with good fertility and proper positions are selected as new main branches, and the rest excessive branches are all sheared off, so that the branches in all directions are uniformly distributed;
(4) Pruning: when the growth length of the new main branch reaches 30cm, topping the branches to promote the germination of the secondary branches, leaving 1 branch at each branch, topping when the length reaches 30cm, regenerating small branches by the branches, and circulating to enable the retracted old tree to quickly form a tree crown;
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer management: after retraction, the drought is sprayed with water for 1 time every 2 days, and after one week, the drought is sprayed with water for 1 time every 6 days until the young shoots are pulled out; when each batch of young shoots are changed from yellow to green, ditching is carried out to fertilize, the ditch depth is 15cm, the ditch length is 1.5m, the ditch width is 10cm, each plant of mountain Huang Pilao tree is applied with 0.5kg of ternary compound fertilizer with the N and the P and the K being 15:15:15, and the compound fertilizer and the soil are stirred uniformly and then returned to the soil for filling; applying a foliar fertilizer once to a tip, and when more than 60% of new tips are pulled out for 4cm, spraying the foliar fertilizer, wherein the foliar fertilizer is formed by mixing 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1% of diammonium phosphate and 0.2% of urea according to a weight ratio of 1:1:1, and diluting the mixture by 1000 times of liquid, wherein the application amount is based on that all branches and leaves are uniformly sprayed and water drops downwards;
(6) Pest control: when more than 60% of the young shoots grow for 4cm, pest control is started, aphids are sprayed and killed by 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, thrips are sprayed and killed by 3000 times of 20% imidacloprid concentrated emulsion or 1500 times of 5% acetamiprid wettable powder, and leaf miners are sprayed and killed by 1000 times of 50% cartap emulsion or 2000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin; the 50% carbendazim 600 times liquid is used for coating the infected part for anthracnose, 75% chlorothalonil and 50% resina to be mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, then the 50 times liquid is diluted for coating the infected part, and 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times liquid is used for root knot nematode disease for root knot nematode watering.
After the technical measures are adopted in the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard, the production capacity of the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard is restored to the level of the full-bearing period of the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard in 4 years, the tree crowns of the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard are beautiful, the fruits are high in quality, the average yield of each mountain Huang Pilao tree is 11.6kg, the benefit is improved by 31.2%, and the yield is high and stable in successive years.
Example 3
The mountain Huang Pilao orchard with 22 years of age, outward displacement of parts, weak tree vigor and low yield and low efficiency is updated and rejuvenated by adopting the following steps:
(1) And (3) fertilization: digging ditches under the water dripping line of the crown of the mountain Huang Pilao tree for uniform fertilizer cultivation 10 days after fruits are harvested on the mountain wampee, applying 15kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 2.0kg of urea to each mountain Huang Pilao tree, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is formed by mixing dry cow dung, plant ash, rice hulls and perlite according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1:3, fully fermenting and curing by saccharomycetes, uniformly stirring all the fertilizer and soil, and then returning soil for filling;
(2) Retracting for a plurality of times: after 30 days of fertilization, carrying out fractional retraction on the mountain Huang Pilao tree, selecting 3 main branches which grow obliquely, sawing the main branches at a position 40cm above a branching port, carrying out repeated retraction on the rest main branches at a position 15cm above the branching port after fruit harvesting in the second year, carrying out sterilization and disinfection on the tree body by using a bactericide after each retraction, mixing 30% coumoxystrobin and 20% zinc cyclohexylformate according to a weight ratio of 1:2, diluting the solution for use, spraying the tree body for 1 time every 8 days, continuously spraying for 4 times, coating the tree body after the shearing port is dried, using a healing agent, wherein the healing agent is prepared by mixing chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, sodium alginate oligosaccharides, 6-glycosyl aminopurine, monopotassium phosphate and polyacrylamide according to a weight ratio of 1:10:8:15:25, diluting the solution for 1500 times, and covering the tree body with a sun-shading net after the application of the healing agent so as to prevent sun burn bark, promote rapid healing of wounds and enable branches to send new tips again;
(3) Fixing the tip: the mountain Huang Pilao tree starts to sprout 40 days after being contracted again, when the new shoots are pulled out and grow to 15cm, 3 branches of the new shoots with good fertility and proper positions are selected as new main branches, and the rest excessive branches are all cut off, so that the branches in all directions are uniformly distributed;
(4) Pruning: when the growth length of the new main branch reaches 40cm, topping the branches to promote the germination of the secondary branches, leaving 2 branches on each branch, topping when the length reaches 40cm, regenerating small branches by the branches, and circulating the branches to enable the retracted old tree to quickly form a tree crown;
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer management: after retraction, the drought is sprayed with water for 1 time every 3 days, and after one week, the drought is sprayed with water for 1 time every 8 days until the young shoots are pulled out; when each batch of young shoot leaves turns from yellow to green, ditching and fertilizing are carried out, the ditch depth is 20cm, the ditch length is 2m, the ditch width is 20cm, 1kg of a ternary compound fertilizer with the N and the P being 15:15:15 is applied to each mountain Huang Pilao tree, and the compound fertilizer and the soil are stirred uniformly and then are filled back to the soil; applying a foliar fertilizer once to a tip, and when more than 70% of new tips are pulled out for 8cm, spraying the foliar fertilizer, wherein the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3% of diammonium phosphate and 0.5% of urea according to a weight ratio of 1:1:2 and then diluting the mixture by 1500 times of liquid, wherein the application amount is based on that all branches and leaves are uniformly sprayed and water drops downwards;
(6) Pest control: when more than 70% of young shoots grow 8cm in each batch, pest control is started, aphids are sprayed and killed by 3000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, thrips are sprayed and killed by 5000 times of 20% imidacloprid concentrated emulsion or 2000 times of 5% acetamiprid wettable powder, and leaf miners are sprayed and killed by 1500 times of 50% cartap emulsion or 3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin; the disease-sensitive part is coated with 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid, the disease-sensitive part is coated with 75% chlorothalonil and 50% resina is diluted 100 times liquid after being mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2, and the root-knot nematode disease is rooted with 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times liquid.
After the technical measures are adopted in the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard, the production capacity of the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard is restored to the level of the full-bearing period of the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard in 4 years, the tree crowns are graceful, the fruits are high in quality, the average yield of each mountain Huang Pilao tree is 12.1kg, the benefit is improved by 31.8%, and the yield is high and stable in successive years.
Example 4
The mountain Huang Pilao orchard with 18 years of age, outward displacement of parts, weak tree vigor and low yield and low efficiency is updated and rejuvenated by adopting the following steps:
(1) And (3) fertilization: digging ditches under the water dripping line of the crown of the mountain Huang Pilao tree for uniform fertilizer cultivation 7 days after fruits are harvested on the mountain wampee, applying 13kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 2.0kg of urea to each mountain Huang Pilao tree, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is formed by mixing dry cow dung, plant ash, rice hulls and perlite according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1:3, fully fermenting and curing by saccharomycetes, uniformly stirring all the fertilizer and soil, and then returning soil for filling;
(2) Retracting for a plurality of times: 20 days after fertilization, carrying out fractional retraction on the mountain Huang Pilao tree, selecting 2 main branches which grow obliquely, sawing off the main branches at a position 30cm above a branching port, carrying out repeated retraction on the rest main branches at a position 15cm above the branching port after fruit harvesting in the second year, carrying out sterilization and disinfection on the tree body by using a bactericide after each retraction, mixing 25% coumoxystrobin and 20% zinc cyclohexylformate according to a weight ratio of 1:2, diluting 800 times of liquid, spraying 1 time every 6 days on the tree body, continuously spraying 3 times, coating the cut part with a healing agent after the cut part is dried, diluting 1400 times of liquid for use after mixing chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, sodium alginate oligosaccharides, 6-glycosyl aminopurine, monopotassium phosphate and polyacrylamide according to a weight ratio of 1:8:6:12:23, and covering the tree body with a sun-shading net after coating the healing agent so as to prevent sun burn bark, promote rapid healing of wounds and enable the branches to send new tips again;
(3) Fixing the tip: the mountain Huang Pilao tree starts to sprout 30 days after being retracted again, when the new shoots are pulled out and grow to 15cm, 2 branches of the new shoots with good fertility and proper positions are selected as new main branches, and the rest excessive branches are all sheared off, so that the branches in all directions are uniformly distributed;
(4) Pruning: when the growth length of the new main branch reaches 35cm, topping the branches to promote the germination of the secondary branches, leaving 2 branches on each branch, topping when the length reaches 40cm, regenerating small branches by the branches, and circulating the branches to enable the retracted old tree to quickly form a tree crown;
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer management: after retraction, the drought is sprayed with water for 1 time every 2 days, and after one week, the drought is sprayed with water for 1 time every 8 days until the young shoots are pulled out; when each batch of young shoots are changed from yellow to green, ditching is carried out to fertilize, the ditch depth is 15cm, the ditch length is 1.5m, the ditch width is 20cm, 1kg of the ternary compound fertilizer with the N and the P and the K of 15:15:15 is applied to each of Huang Pilao trees, and the compound fertilizer and the soil are stirred uniformly and then are filled back to the soil; applying a foliar fertilizer once to a tip, and when more than 65% of new tips are pulled out for 8cm, spraying the foliar fertilizer, wherein the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2% of diammonium phosphate and 0.5% of urea according to a weight ratio of 1:1:2 and then diluting the mixture by 1500 times of liquid, wherein the application amount is based on that all branches and leaves are uniformly sprayed and water drops downwards;
(6) Pest control: when more than 70% of the young shoots grow out by 5cm, pest control is started, aphids are sprayed and killed by 2600 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, thrips are sprayed and killed by 3500 times of 20% imidacloprid concentrated emulsion or 1600 times of 5% acetamiprid wettable powder, and leaf miners are sprayed and killed by 1300 times of 50% cartap emulsion or 2400 times of 2.5% deltamethrin; the disease-sensitive part is coated with 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid, the disease-sensitive part is coated with 75% chlorothalonil and 50% resina is diluted by 80 times liquid after being mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2, and the root-knot nematode disease is rooted with 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 1300 times liquid.
After the technical measures are adopted in the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard, the production capacity of the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard is restored to the level of the full-bearing period of the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard in 4 years, the tree crowns of the mountain Huang Pilao tree orchard are beautiful, the fruits are high in quality, the average yield of each mountain Huang Pilao tree is 11.7kg, the benefit is improved by 30.4%, and the yield is high and stable in successive years.
The percentage of average yield and benefit improvement per plant for the mountain Huang Pilao trees of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 above was counted and a comparison of example 1 with comparative examples 1-2 was demonstrated:
as shown in Table 1, the method for updating the mountain Huang Pilao tree provided by the invention ensures that the average yield of each plant of the mountain Huang Pilao tree is more than 11.6kg, the benefit is improved to more than 30.4%, and the two indexes are both superior to those of comparative examples 1-2, because the production capacity of the mountain Huang Pilao tree is quickly recovered after the components of the embodiment are combined and promoted mutually, the updating and rejuvenation of the mountain Huang Pilao tree is realized, and the yield and quality of the mountain Huang Pilao tree are further improved.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A mountain Huang Pilao tree updating method, comprising the steps of:
(1) And (3) fertilization: digging ditches under the water drop line of the crown of the mountain Huang Pilao tree 7-10 days after harvesting fruits of the mountain cortex phellodendri, uniformly fertilizing, applying 10-15kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 1.0-2.0kg of urea to each mountain Huang Pilao tree, uniformly stirring all the fertilizer and soil, and then returning to the soil for filling; the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing dry cow dung, plant ash, rice hulls and perlite according to a weight ratio of 1:0.5-1:1:2-3, and fully fermenting and curing by saccharomycetes;
(2) Retracting for a plurality of times: 20-30 days after fertilization, retracting the mountain Huang Pilao tree for multiple times, selecting 2-3 main branches which grow obliquely, sawing off the main branches at 30-40cm positions above the branch openings, retracting the rest main branches again at 10-15cm positions above the branch openings after fruit harvest in the second year, sterilizing the tree body by using a bactericide after each retraction, and smearing a healing agent after the cut openings are dried; the healing agent is prepared by mixing chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 6-glycosyl aminopurine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and polyacrylamide according to the weight ratio of 1:8-10:6-8:10-15:20-25, and diluting the mixture by 1200-1500 times; the bactericide is prepared by mixing 20-30% of coumoxystrobin and 10-20% of zinc cyclohexylformate according to a weight ratio of 1:1-2, diluting 500-1000 times of the mixture, spraying the mixture on the tree body for 1 time every 5-8 days, and continuously spraying for 2-4 times;
(3) Fixing the tip: the mountain Huang Pilao tree starts to sprout 30-40 days after being retracted again, when the new shoots are pulled out and grow to 10-15cm, 2-3 branches of the new shoots with good fertility and proper positions are selected as new main branches, and the rest excessive branches are all cut off, so that the branches are uniformly distributed in all directions;
(4) Pruning: when the growth length of the new main branch reaches 30-40cm, topping the branches to promote the secondary shoots to germinate, leaving 1-2 branches per shoot, topping when the length reaches 30-40cm, regenerating small branches by the branches, and circulating to enable the retracted old tree to quickly form a tree crown;
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer management: after retraction, the drought is sprayed with water for 1 time every 2-3 days, and after one week, the drought is sprayed with water for 1 time every 6-8 days until the young shoots are extracted; when each batch of young sprout leaves turns from yellow to green, ditching and fertilizing, applying 0.5-1kg of compound fertilizer to each mountain Huang Pilao tree, stirring the compound fertilizer and the soil uniformly, and filling the soil; applying a foliar fertilizer once to the tips, and spraying the foliar fertilizer when more than 60-70% of the new tips are pulled out for 4-8 cm;
(6) Pest control: and when more than 60-70% of the young shoots grow out by 4-8cm, the pest control is started.
2. The method for updating mountain Huang Pilao tree according to claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer in the step (5) is prepared by mixing 0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.3% of diammonium phosphate and 0.2-0.5% of urea in a weight ratio of 1:1:1-2 and diluting the mixture by 1000-1500 times.
3. The mountain Huang Pilao tree updating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pest control in the step (6) is as follows: spraying and killing aphid with 2000-3000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, spraying and killing thrips with 3000-5000 times of 20% imidacloprid concentrated emulsion or 1500-2000 times of 5% acetamiprid wettable powder, and spraying and killing leaf miner with 1000-1500 times of 50% cartap emulsion or 2000-3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin; the anthracnose is coated with 600-800 times of carbendazim solution, the ulcer disease is coated with 75% of chlorothalonil and 50% of revuzm solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1-2, and then the mixture is diluted by 50-100 times of solution, the root knot nematode disease is coated with 1000-1500 times of avermectin emulsifiable concentrate for root casting.
4. The method of updating mountain Huang Pilao trees of claim 2, wherein the amount of the foliar fertilizer mixture in step (5) is based on the uniform wetting of all branches and leaves and the beginning of the drop of water drops.
5. The method for updating the tree Huang Pilao according to claim 1, wherein the tree body is covered with a sunshade net after the tree body is retracted in the step (2) so as to prevent the bark from being burnt by the sun, promote the rapid healing of the wound and make the branches reissue new shoots.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer in the step (5) is a ternary compound fertilizer, and N: P: k=15:15:15.
7. The mountain Huang Pilao tree updating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trench depth is 20-40cm, the trench length is 1.5-2m, and the trench width is 20-30cm in the step (1); in the step (5), the groove depth is 15-20cm, the groove length is 1.5-2m, and the groove width is 10-20cm.
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Application publication date: 20210514 Assignee: Wuzhou Ruifeng Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: SOUTH ASIAN TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Research Institute OF GUANGXI Contract record no.: X2023980045477 Denomination of invention: A Method for Updating Old Tree of Shanhuangpi Granted publication date: 20230901 License type: Common License Record date: 20231106 |