CN106069472A - A kind of method solving aged closing macadimia nut garden low yield poor efficiency - Google Patents
A kind of method solving aged closing macadimia nut garden low yield poor efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069472A CN106069472A CN201610418623.XA CN201610418623A CN106069472A CN 106069472 A CN106069472 A CN 106069472A CN 201610418623 A CN201610418623 A CN 201610418623A CN 106069472 A CN106069472 A CN 106069472A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method solving aged closing macadimia nut garden low yield poor efficiency, including: the heavy pruning of (1) retraction, update tree crown；(2) pruning, innovation shoot group；(3) deep ploughing is improved the soil, and updates root system；(4) batch changes kind, plants renewal in advance；(5) reasonable rich water quality management；(6) foliage top dressing, flower and fruit protecting；(7) the disease pest plague of rats is prevented and treated.After application the method fruit harvest in the fall, the aged closing macadimia nut garden to low yield poor efficiency is transformed, the tree crown that can make orchard obtains rejuvenating, kind configures rationally, soil fertility strengthens rapidly, the disease pest plague of rats is prevented and treated in time, Accelerate bloom setting and fruit development, be greatly improved single plant yield and quality；After the method is implemented, the production capacity that can make aged closing macadimia nut garden in 2 ~ 3 years returns to its level abounding with the phase, realize average strain and produce band shell fruit more than 10 kilograms, benefit improves more than 40%, and then the low yield inefficiency problem in the aged closing macadimia nut garden of solution, promote the sustainable development of macadimia nut industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Cultivate administration method in macadimia nut garden, be specifically related to the aged closing Australia of a kind of solution hard
The method of orchard low yield poor efficiency, belongs to cultivation of fruit tree management technique field.
Background technology
Macadimia nut is kind of a characteristic subtropical zone fruit, has notable region feature, unique nutritive value and high economy and adds
The features such as value, are described as " king of world's nut ", and supply falls short of demand in the international market, are the latentest in development characteristic tropical agriculture
The ingredient of power.
China's macadimia nut industry is started late, and just starts commercial crop macadimia nut from the late nineteen eighties.Cut-off
In the end of the year 2015, China has planted macadimia nut about more than 150 ten thousand mu on the ground such as Yunnan, Guangxi.According to China's each producing region macadimia nut
The trend of industry development and Correlative plan, ' 13 ' period China's macadimia nut cultivated area will break through 3,500,000 mu, following 15 years
Interior China will become macadimia nut largest production state of the world.
Along with macadimia nut garden area that is newly-increased or that just go into operation increases year by year, some orchards enter aged result the most successively
Phase, but these aged macadimia nut gardens occur the factors such as serious, variety deterioration to cause seriously subtracting because of canopy, pest and disease damage
Product, particularly the macadimia nut garden of China's early implantation are inferior because varieties of plant mixes and cause significantly " low yield, poor efficiency " existing
The enthusiasm of numerous operators as, serious contusion, also constrains the sustainable development of macadimia nut industry.
In prior art remodeling method to fruit-tree orchard low yield be referred to change kind, intermediate cutting, deep ploughing are digged, fertilising etc. again
Measure, such as patent application 201310081987.X disclose the remodeling method of anistree Low yield forest inferior, are respectively directed to middle children
Age poor quality standing forest, middle children age Low yield forest, become age woods Low yield forest, become age residual woods propose remodeling method；
201510486972. 0 open a kind of camellia oleifera lam low yield remodeling methods, including shape pruning, suitably sparsely fell, entirely cultivate loosen the soil cultivate multiple,
Shallow hoe intertill, applies fertilizer, changes hat, Sprout reproduction, was planted foster nine steps of Apis in renewal, the reinforcement preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, woods in advance summer；
201410349647.5 remodeling methods disclosing a kind of Citrus stunted tree low yield orchard, specifically include: plough deeply and improve the soil, and update root
System；While improving the soil in deep ploughing, updating root system, heavy dressing fertilizer；Suitably heavy pruning, updates tree crown；Do the preventing and treating step of pest and disease damage well
Suddenly.
Compared with general low-yield orchard, the aged macadimia nut garden of China there is also because of varieties of plant mix, low of inferior quality
And cause obvious low yield, inefficiency problem, there is particularity.Therefore, the method for prior art is used to cannot be used directly for transformation
Aged low yield macadimia nut garden, the most not yet has and carries out, for aged low yield macadimia nut garden, the relevant report transformed.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to based on above-mentioned deficiency, it is provided that a kind of side solving aged closing macadimia nut garden low yield poor efficiency
Method, the low yield inefficiency problem existed for existing macadimia nut garden, use a kind of unified Integration ofTechnology measure, effectively promote
The production capacity in orchard, increases single plant yield and the quality of macadimia nut, improves plantation economic benefit, it is achieved macadimia nut industry
Sustainable development.
Technical scheme is as follows: a kind of method solving aged closing macadimia nut garden low yield poor efficiency, specifically wraps
Include following steps:
(1) retraction heavy pruning, updates tree crown: in the fall after fruit harvest, selects good strains in the field for seed every 1 ~ 2 in the ranks and selects the internal thorax fruitful branch of tree relatively
Less, peripheral branch top compared with the aged tree of closing, after fruit harvesting, carry out the heavy pruning that bounces back, concrete grammar is that major branch carries out retraction weight
Cut, and an auxiliary support branch of selecting and remain at retraction, on wound, smear Wound-healing agent after heavy pruning immediately, and tree body is wrapped sunshade
Net and timely trickle, with avoid the sun burn bark, promote wound healing, make major branch re-emit young sprout；Treat the spring in next year
Season, by young sprout by " go weak stay strong, go close stay thin " principle remove, each major branch retains 3 ~ 5 enriching shoots, to be retained
The branch length got off, to carrying out pinching or light cutting back when 15-20 centimetre, inspires branch, to cultivate new fruitful branch and tree crown；Treat into
After entering fruiting period, orchard residue old-age group tree can be carried out retraction heavy pruning by same method and update with tree crown；
(2) pruning, innovation shoot group: the aged tree of the remaining heavy pruning that do not bounces back is carried out pruning, mainly to tree crown
The orthostatic skeleton branch group at peripheral top carries out blank pruning, and removes the too much bough at other position of tree crown, retains tiltedly
Raw bough 4 ~ 6, the angle between bough maintains 60 ~ 90 degree；Wipe out the deadwood on oblique raw bough, sick branch, juxtaposition
Branch, descending branch and branch of growing thickly, retain its thorax fruitful branch, and take the principle of " weak branch is cut by force, and enriching shoot is weak to be cut " in good time, cultivates new
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster, reach to set body thorax ventilation and penetrating light, branch be evenly distributed, the purpose of compact conformation；
(3) deep ploughing is improved the soil, and updates root system: after pruning completes, in the place of 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters of trunk of distance according to " outside tree crown deeply
A bit, more shallow in tree crown " principle is deep ploughed in orchard comprehensively 1 time, the degree of depth is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, double makes fallen leaves translate under soil layer, more entirely
Quick lime 10 ~ 15 kilograms is spread fertilizer over the fields in garden, to improve soil physico-chemical property and crumb structure, promotes root growth；While deep ploughing,
Excavating annular groove below tree crown drip uniformly to foster and apply fertilizer, furrow width 20 ~ 25 centimetres, ditch depth 30 ~ 35 centimetres, compound is executed in every strain
25 ~ 35 kilograms of fertilizer, after fostering and apply fertilizer, earthing backfills and jams on having peace of mind, to prevent fertilizer nutrient evaporation or to be run off by rain drop erosion, with
It is beneficial to new root formed；
(4) batch changes kind, plants renewal in advance: be applicable to that kind is inferior or the aged macadimia nut garden of variety deterioration, depending on orchard situation
Use batch to change kind or plant the method for renewal in advance and carry out orchard transformation；Batch changes the method planted: on the basis of retraction heavy pruning,
Utilize the young sprout of pumping after heavy pruning, by the cleft graft high-quality that 2 ~ 3 florescences of grafting are consistent on the tree body that each plant weight bounces back
High-yield variety；The method planting renewal in advance is: 2 ~ 3 years consistent with the original kind florescence raw breeding seedlings are directly planted in through whole
By veteran after shape pruning, just veteran is grubbed out after seedlings stable yields；After being transformed by the method, the orchard florescence more one
Cause, pollinate between kind more convenient, be beneficial to improve percentage of fertile fruit, make orchard can change kind limit output with limit, thus improve orchard
Yield and quality；
(5) reasonable rich water quality management: to improved aged tree and setting tree, every year need to be fast at inflorescence pumping phase, the florescence of thanking, fruit
After fast-growing is long-term, fruit oil content accumulates phase and fruit picking, 5 periods respectively enrich 1 fertilizer；Front 4 fertilizer enriched period are
Compound fertilizer, consumption is every strain 1 ~ 2 kilogram, method be tree dish spread manuer in holes, many caves a small amount of；After fruit picking, based on farm manure, coordinate compound
Fertilizer carries out paving fertilizer, and method is to dig the fertilising of semi-circular ditch under tree crown drip, every strain dose is the pig manure 10 ~ 20 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed,
1 ~ 2 kilogram of cake fertilizer, compound fertilizer 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram and quick lime 0.2 ~ 0.5 kilogram；Breeding seedlings to new plantation, at each branch top
Respectively execute 1 tip-promoting fertilizer before rudiment and during young sprout blade annesl fertile with the strong tip, every strain fertilizer amount be 50 ~ 100 grams of carbamide,
Compound fertilizer 40 ~ 80 grams and 20 ~ 50 grams of potassium chloride, method is tree dish ditch spread；Meanwhile, 1 time is carried out before summit of growth arrives in spring
Paving fertilizer, the fertile method of paving is with reference to aged tree, and dose halves；At inflorescence pumping phase, florescence and fruit development period, it should be noted that drench
Water, keeps moisture sufficient, to ensure normally to bloom, Pollination Fertilization and fruit development；
(6) foliage top dressing, flower and fruit protecting: recuperate a point under-supply feature for flower, really period of development macadamia, blooming
Precontract 1 week and thanking spend after the 1st week and the 3rd week time respectively carry out 1 foliage top dressing, method is to spray flower and fruit protecting foliage fertilizer, opens
The Borax of 0.2% should be increased when spraying before spending；
(7) the disease pest plague of rats is prevented and treated: the disease of macadimia nut mainly has anthrax, flower epidemic disease and shell spot disease etc., and insect pest is main
There are aphid, flower snout moth's larva, moth fruit snout moth's larva, thrips, white wax moth and stinkbug silk worm etc.；Corresponding prediction is carried out for different pest and disease damages,
Once occur, take corresponding prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time, accomplish except early, except less, except；At the harvest season plague of rats to be carried out
Preventing and treating, can place the device such as rattrap, Poison bait station, kill mouse in conjunction with throwing in highly effective and safe rat poison in orchard；Winter clear garden
After, full garden sprays a lime sulfur, kills the disease pest source survived the winter, to reduce pest and disease damage generation.
Step (1) described Wound-healing agent is formulated by the component of following mass fraction: 4 ~ 8% lime sulfurs or methyl
Thiophanate, 0.05 ~ 0.3% carbamide, 0.1 ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01 ~ 0.1% Nafusaku, 50 ~ 60% calcium carbonate, 24 ~ 35%
Water, 8 ~ 12% Adeps Sus domesticas.
Preferably, described Wound-healing agent is formulated by the component of following mass fraction: 5% lime sulfur or methyl torr
Cloth Tianjin, 0.15% carbamide, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% Nafusaku, 55% calcium carbonate, 30% water, 9.5% Adeps Sus domestica.
Containing the fertilizer 22 ~ 30 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed, compound fertilizer 3 ~ 5 kilograms in step (3) described complex fertilizer.
Compound fertilizer of the present invention is chloro type compound fertilizer, its N, P2O5、K2The mass content ratio of tri-kinds of nutrients of O is 15:
5:15。
The formula of step (6) described flower and fruit protecting foliage fertilizer is: containing the component of following quality proportioning in 1L water: 0.1 ~
0.2% carbamide, 0.1 ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 ~ 0.2% compound nucleotide, 0.01 ~ 0.05% photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, 0.01 ~ 0.1%
Rare-earth elements nutrient solution, 10 ~ 20mg/L CPPU(swelling agent).
Preferably, the formula of described flower and fruit protecting foliage fertilizer is: containing the component of following quality proportioning in 1L water: 0.15%
Carbamide, 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% compound nucleotide, 0.02% photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, 0.05% Rare-earth elements nutrient solution, 15mg/L
CPPU。
The present invention having the beneficial effects that relative to prior art: by the enforcement of a series of technical measures of the present invention
After, can make the tree crown in orchard obtain rejuvenating, kind configuration rationally, soil fertility strengthens rapidly and the disease pest plague of rats obtains in time
Preventing and treating, made the production capacity in aged closing macadimia nut garden return to its level abounding with the phase, it is achieved average strain is produced in 2 ~ 3 years
Band shell fruit more than 10 kilograms, benefit improves more than 40%, and then the low yield poor efficiency efficiently solving aged closing macadimia nut garden is asked
Topic, is greatly improved its yield and quality, and then promotes the development of macadimia nut industry.
Detailed description of the invention
Being described in further details the present invention below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used for the present invention is described, and
Do not limit the scope of the invention.
Low yield serious, that variet complexity is inferior poor efficiency Australia is there is in embodiment 1 to plantation 35 years, canopy, pest and disease damage
Nut garden, continent uses following steps to transform:
(1) retraction heavy pruning, updates tree crown: in the fall after fruit harvest, selects good strains in the field for seed every 1 ~ 2 in the ranks and selects the internal thorax fruitful branch of tree relatively
Less, peripheral branch top compared with the aged tree of closing, after fruit harvesting, carry out the heavy pruning that bounces back；Retraction heavy pruning method is to carry out back major branch
Contracting heavy pruning, and an auxiliary support branch of selecting and remain at retraction, smear Wound-healing agent immediately on wound, and wrap tree body after heavy pruning
Sunshade net and timely trickle, with avoid the sun burn bark, promote wound healing, make major branch re-emit young sprout；Next year
Spring, by young sprout by " go weak stay strong, go close stay thin " principle remove, each major branch retains 3 ~ 5 enriching shoots；Wait to protect
The branch length stayed, to carrying out pinching or light cutting back when 15-20 centimetre, inspires branch, to cultivate new fruitful branch and tree crown；Treat
After entering fruiting period, orchard residue old-age group tree can be carried out retraction heavy pruning by same method and update with tree crown；Wherein, used
Wound-healing agent by 5% lime sulfur or thiophanate methyl, 0.15% carbamide, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% Nafusaku, 55%
Calcium carbonate, 30% water and 9.5% Adeps Sus domestica institute are formulated；
(2) pruning, innovation shoot group: the aged tree of the remaining heavy pruning that do not bounces back is carried out pruning, mainly to tree crown
The orthostatic skeleton branch group at peripheral top carries out blank pruning, and removes the too much bough at other position of tree crown, retains tiltedly
Raw bough 4 ~ 6, the angle between bough maintains 60 ~ 90 degree；Wipe out the deadwood on oblique raw bough, sick branch, juxtaposition
Branch, descending branch and branch of growing thickly, retain its thorax fruitful branch, and take the principle of " weak branch is cut by force, and enriching shoot is weak to be cut " in good time, cultivates new
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster, reach to set body thorax ventilation and penetrating light, branch be evenly distributed, the purpose of compact conformation；
(3) deep ploughing is improved the soil, and updates root system: after pruning completes, in the place of 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters of trunk of distance according to " outside tree crown deeply
A bit, more shallow in tree crown " principle is deep ploughed in orchard comprehensively 1 time, the degree of depth is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, double makes fallen leaves translate under soil layer, more entirely
Quick lime 10 ~ 15 kilograms is spread fertilizer over the fields in garden, to improve soil physico-chemical property and crumb structure, promotes root growth；While deep ploughing,
Excavating annular groove below tree crown drip uniformly to foster and apply fertilizer, furrow width 20 ~ 25 centimetres, ditch depth 30 ~ 35 centimetres, compound is executed in every strain
28 kilograms of fertilizer (containing the fertilizer 25 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed and compound fertilizer 3 kilograms), after fostering and apply fertilizer, earthing backfills and jams on having peace of mind, to prevent
Fertilizer nutrient evaporates or is run off by rain drop erosion, is beneficial to new root and is formed；Wherein, compound fertilizer used is chloro type compound fertilizer, its
N、P2O5、K2The mass content ratio of tri-kinds of nutrients of O is 15:5:15；
(4) batch changes kind, plants renewal in advance: be applicable to that kind is inferior or the aged macadimia nut garden of variety deterioration, depending on orchard situation
Use batch to change kind or plant the method for renewal in advance and carry out orchard transformation.Batch changes the method planted: on the basis of retraction heavy pruning,
Utilize the young sprout of pumping after heavy pruning, by the cleft graft high-quality that 2 ~ 3 florescences of grafting are consistent on the tree body that each plant weight bounces back
High-yield variety；The method planting renewal in advance is: 2 ~ 3 years consistent with the original kind florescence raw breeding seedlings are directly planted in through whole
By veteran after shape pruning, just veteran is grubbed out after seedlings stable yields；
(5) reasonable rich water quality management: to improved aged tree and setting tree, every year need to be fast at inflorescence pumping phase, the florescence of thanking, fruit
Fast-growing is long-term, after fruit oil content accumulation phase and fruit picking；5 periods respectively enrich 1 fertilizer；Front 4 fertilizer enriched period
For compound fertilizer, consumption is every strain 1.5 kilograms, method be tree dish spread manuer in holes, many caves a small amount of；After fruit picking, based on farm manure, coordinate again
Hefei carries out paving fertilizer, and method is to dig the fertilising of semi-circular ditch under tree crown drip, and every strain dose is public for the pig manure 10 ~ 20 that becomes thoroughly decomposed
Jin, 1 ~ 2 kilogram of cake fertilizer, compound fertilizer 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram and quick lime 0.2 ~ 0.5 kilogram；Breeding seedlings to new plantation, at each branch
Respectively executing 1 tip-promoting fertilizer before tip rudiment and during young sprout blade annesl fertile with the strong tip, every strain fertilizer amount is carbamide 50 ~ 100
Gram, compound fertilizer 40 ~ 80 grams and 20 ~ 50 grams of potassium chloride, method is tree dish ditch spread；Meanwhile, 1 is carried out before summit of growth arrives in spring
Secondary paving fertilizer, the fertile method of paving is with reference to aged tree, and dose halves；At inflorescence pumping phase, florescence and fruit development period, it should be noted that drench
Water, keeps moisture sufficient, to ensure normally to bloom, Pollination Fertilization and fruit development；
(6) foliage top dressing, flower and fruit protecting: recuperate a point under-supply feature for flower, really period of development macadamia, blooming
Precontract 1 week and thanking spend after the 1st week and the 3rd week time respectively carry out 1 foliage top dressing, method is to spray flower and fruit protecting foliage fertilizer, opens
The Borax of 0.2% should be increased when spraying before spending；Wherein, containing following quality proportioning during the formula of flower and fruit protecting foliage fertilizer is 1L water
Component: 0.15% carbamide, 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% compound nucleotide, 0.02% photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, 0.05% Rare-earth elements nutrient solution,
15mg/L CPPU；
(7) the disease pest plague of rats is prevented and treated: the disease of macadimia nut mainly has anthrax, flower epidemic disease and shell spot disease etc., and insect pest is main
There are aphid, flower snout moth's larva, moth fruit snout moth's larva, thrips, white wax moth and stinkbug silk worm etc.；Corresponding prediction is carried out for different pest and disease damages,
Once occur, take corresponding prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time, accomplish except early, except less, except；The anti-of the plague of rats is carried out in the harvest season
Control, place the device such as rattrap, Poison bait station in orchard, kill mouse in conjunction with throwing in highly effective and safe rat poison；Behind winter clear garden, entirely
Garden sprays a lime sulfur, kills the disease pest source survived the winter, to reduce pest and disease damage generation.
After this macadimia nut garden uses abovementioned technology, its production capacity was made to return to its water abounding with the phase in 3 years
Flat, band shell fruit 10.8 kilograms is produced in average strain, and benefit improves 74.2%.
Plantation 28 years, canopy, pest and disease damage are occurred low yield poor efficiency Australia serious, variety deterioration hard by embodiment 2
Orchard uses following steps to transform:
(1) retraction heavy pruning, updates tree crown: in the fall after fruit harvest, selects good strains in the field for seed every 1 ~ 2 in the ranks and selects the internal thorax fruitful branch of tree relatively
Less, peripheral branch top compared with the aged tree of closing, after fruit harvesting, carry out the heavy pruning that bounces back；Retraction heavy pruning method is to carry out back major branch
Contracting heavy pruning, and an auxiliary support branch of selecting and remain at retraction, smear Wound-healing agent immediately on wound, and wrap tree body after heavy pruning
Sunshade net and timely trickle, with avoid the sun burn bark, promote wound healing, make major branch re-emit young sprout；Next year
Spring, by young sprout by " go weak stay strong, go close stay thin " principle remove, each major branch retains 3 ~ 5 enriching shoots；Wait to protect
The branch length stayed, to carrying out pinching or light cutting back when 15-20 centimetre, inspires branch, to cultivate new fruitful branch and tree crown；Treat
After entering fruiting period, orchard residue old-age group tree can be carried out retraction heavy pruning by same method and update with tree crown；Wherein, used
Wound-healing agent by 4% lime sulfur, 0.2% carbamide, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% Nafusaku, 60% calcium carbonate, 24% water,
11.5% Adeps Sus domestica is formulated；
(2) pruning, innovation shoot group: the aged tree of the remaining heavy pruning that do not bounces back is carried out pruning, mainly to tree crown
The orthostatic skeleton branch group at peripheral top carries out blank pruning, and removes the too much bough at other position of tree crown, retains tiltedly
Raw bough 4 ~ 6, the angle between bough maintains 60 ~ 90 degree；Wipe out the deadwood on oblique raw bough, sick branch, juxtaposition
Branch, descending branch and branch of growing thickly, retain its thorax fruitful branch, and take the principle of " weak branch is cut by force, and enriching shoot is weak to be cut " in good time, cultivates new
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster, reach to set body thorax ventilation and penetrating light, branch be evenly distributed, the purpose of compact conformation；
(3) deep ploughing is improved the soil, and updates root system: after pruning completes, in the place of 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters of trunk of distance according to " outside tree crown deeply
A bit, more shallow in tree crown " principle is deep ploughed in orchard comprehensively 1 time, the degree of depth is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, double makes fallen leaves translate under soil layer, more entirely
Quick lime 10 ~ 15 kilograms is spread fertilizer over the fields in garden, to improve soil physico-chemical property and crumb structure, promotes root growth；While deep ploughing,
Excavating annular groove below tree crown drip uniformly to foster and apply fertilizer, furrow width 20 ~ 25 centimetres, ditch depth 30 ~ 35 centimetres, compound is executed in every strain
25 kilograms of fertilizer (containing the fertilizer 22 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed and compound fertilizer 3 kilograms), after fostering and apply fertilizer, earthing backfills and jams on having peace of mind, to prevent
Fertilizer nutrient evaporates or is run off by rain drop erosion, is beneficial to new root and is formed；Wherein, compound fertilizer used is chloro type compound fertilizer, its
N、P2O5、K2The mass content ratio of tri-kinds of nutrients of O is 15:5:15；
(4) batch changes kind, plants renewal in advance: be applicable to that kind is inferior or the aged macadimia nut garden of variety deterioration, depending on orchard situation
Use batch to change kind or plant the method for renewal in advance and carry out orchard transformation.Batch changes the method planted: on the basis of retraction heavy pruning,
Utilize the young sprout of pumping after heavy pruning, by the cleft graft high-quality that 2 ~ 3 florescences of grafting are consistent on the tree body that each plant weight bounces back
High-yield variety；The method planting renewal in advance is: 2 ~ 3 years consistent with the original kind florescence raw breeding seedlings are directly planted in through whole
By veteran after shape pruning, just veteran is grubbed out after seedlings stable yields；
(5) reasonable rich water quality management: to improved aged tree and setting tree, every year need to be fast at inflorescence pumping phase, the florescence of thanking, fruit
Fast-growing is long-term, after fruit oil content accumulation phase and fruit picking；5 periods respectively enrich 1 fertilizer；Front 4 fertilizer enriched period
For compound fertilizer, consumption is every strain 1 kilogram, method be tree dish spread manuer in holes, many caves a small amount of；After fruit picking, based on farm manure, coordinate compound
Fertilizer carries out paving fertilizer, and method is to dig the fertilising of semi-circular ditch under tree crown drip, and every strain dose is pig manure 20 kilograms, the cake fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed
1 kilogram, compound fertilizer 1 kilogram and quick lime 0.5 kilogram；Breeding seedlings to new plantation, before each branch top rudiment and young sprout leaf
Respectively executing 1 tip-promoting fertilizer during sheet annesl fertile with the strong tip, every strain fertilizer amount is 50 grams of carbamide, compound fertilizer 80 grams and potassium chloride
20 grams, method is tree dish ditch spread；Meanwhile, carry out 1 paving fertilizer before summit of growth arriving in spring, spread the fertile aged tree of method reference,
Dose halves；At inflorescence pumping phase, florescence and fruit development period, it should be noted that trickle, keep moisture sufficient, normal to ensure
Bloom, Pollination Fertilization and fruit development；
(6) foliage top dressing, flower and fruit protecting: recuperate a point under-supply feature for flower, really period of development macadamia, blooming
Precontract 1 week and thanking spend after the 1st week and the 3rd week time respectively carry out 1 foliage top dressing, method is to spray flower and fruit protecting foliage fertilizer, opens
The Borax of 0.2% should be increased when spraying before spending；Wherein, containing following quality proportioning during the formula of flower and fruit protecting foliage fertilizer is 1L water
Component: 0.1% carbamide, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% compound nucleotide, 0.01% photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, 0.1% Rare-earth elements nutrient solution,
10mg/L CPPU；
(7) the disease pest plague of rats is prevented and treated: the disease of macadimia nut mainly has anthrax, flower epidemic disease and shell spot disease etc., and insect pest is main
There are aphid, flower snout moth's larva, moth fruit snout moth's larva, thrips, white wax moth and stinkbug silk worm etc.；Corresponding prediction is carried out for different pest and disease damages,
Once occur, take corresponding prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time, accomplish except early, except less, except；The anti-of the plague of rats is carried out in the harvest season
Control, place the device such as rattrap, Poison bait station in orchard, kill mouse in conjunction with throwing in highly effective and safe rat poison；Behind winter clear garden, entirely
Garden sprays a lime sulfur, kills the disease pest source survived the winter, to reduce pest and disease damage generation.
After this macadimia nut garden uses abovementioned technology, its production capacity was made to return to its water abounding with the phase in 2 years
Flat, band shell fruit 11.5 kilograms is produced in average strain, and benefit improves 45.2%.
Serious, the poor efficiency low yield macadimia nut of variety deterioration is there is in embodiment 3 to plantation 25 years, canopy, pest and disease damage
Garden uses enforcement 2 identical steps to transform: wherein, difference is:
Step (1) is different from the wound healing agent prescription that embodiment 2 is used, 6% thiophanate methyl specific as follows, 0.3% carbamide,
0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% Nafusaku, 58% calcium carbonate, 25% water, 10.5% Adeps Sus domestica are formulated；
Complex fertilizer 35 kilograms (containing the fertilizer 30 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed and compound fertilizer 5 kilograms) is executed in the every strain of step (3)；
Front 4 fertilizer enriched period of step (5) are compound fertilizer, and consumption is every strain 2 kilograms；After fruit picking, every strain dose is
Become thoroughly decomposed pig manure 10 kilograms, 2 kilograms of cake fertilizer, compound fertilizer 0.5 kilogram and quick lime 0.2 kilogram；Breeding seedlings to new plantation, it is every
The fertilizer amount that secondary tip-promoting fertilizer is fertile with the strong tip is that 100 grams of carbamide, compound fertilizer 40 grams and 50 grams of potassium chloride are used in every strain；
The formula of step (6) used flower and fruit protecting foliage fertilizer is the component in 1L water containing following quality proportioning: 0.2% carbamide,
0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% compound nucleotide, 0.05% photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, 0.01% Rare-earth elements nutrient solution, 20mg/L CPPU.
After this macadimia nut garden uses abovementioned technology, its production capacity was made to return to its water abounding with the phase in 2 years
Flat, it is achieved average strain produces band shell fruit more than 12.8 kilograms, and benefit improves 47%.
Claims (7)
1. the method solving aged closing macadimia nut garden low yield poor efficiency, it is characterised in that: comprise the following specific steps that:
(1) retraction heavy pruning, updates tree crown: in the fall after fruit harvest, selects good strains in the field for seed every 1 ~ 2 in the ranks and selects the internal thorax fruitful branch of tree relatively
Less, peripheral branch top compared with the aged tree of closing, after fruit harvesting, carry out the heavy pruning that bounces back；The concrete grammar of described retraction heavy pruning is:
Major branch is carried out the heavy pruning that bounces back, and an auxiliary support branch of selecting and remain at retraction, on wound, after heavy pruning, smears Wound-healing agent immediately,
And tree body is wrapped sunshade net, timely trickle, with avoid the sun burn bark, promote wound healing, make major branch again send out
Go out young sprout；Treat spring in next year, by young sprout by " go weak stay strong, go close stay thin " principle remove, each major branch retains 3
~ 5 enriching shoots, the branch length got off to be retained, to carrying out pinching or light cutting back when 15-20 centimetre, inspires branch, to cultivate new knot
Fruit branch and tree crown；After entering fruiting period, orchard residue old-age group tree is carried out retraction heavy pruning as stated above and updates with tree crown；
(2) pruning, innovation shoot group: the aged tree of the remaining heavy pruning that do not bounces back is carried out pruning, specifically to tree crown
The orthostatic skeleton branch group at peripheral top carries out blank pruning, and removes the too much bough at other position of tree crown, retains tiltedly
Raw bough 4 ~ 6, the angle between bough maintains 60 ~ 90 degree；Wipe out the deadwood on oblique raw bough, sick branch, juxtaposition
Branch, descending branch and branch of growing thickly, retain its thorax fruitful branch, and take the principle of " weak branch is cut by force, and enriching shoot is weak to be cut " in good time, cultivates new
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster so that tree body thorax ventilation and penetrating light, branch are evenly distributed, compact conformation；
(3) deep ploughing is improved the soil, and updates root system: after pruning completes, in the place of 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters of trunk of distance according to " outside tree crown deeply
A bit, more shallow in tree crown " principle is deep ploughed in orchard comprehensively 1 time, the degree of depth is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, double makes fallen leaves translate under soil layer, more entirely
Quick lime 10 ~ 15 kilograms is spread fertilizer over the fields in garden；While deep ploughing, below tree crown drip, excavate annular groove uniformly foster and apply fertilizer, ditch
Wide 20 ~ 25 centimetres, ditch depth 30 ~ 35 centimetres, every strain executes complex fertilizer 25 ~ 35 kilograms, and after fostering and apply fertilizer, earthing backfills and jams on having peace of mind；
(4) batch changes kind, plants renewal in advance: or the aged macadimia nut garden of variety deterioration inferior for kind, employing batch changes kind
Or the method planting renewal in advance carries out orchard transformation；Batch changes the method planted: on the basis of retraction heavy pruning, take out after utilizing heavy pruning
Raw young sprout, by the cleft graft good quality and high output new varieties that 2 ~ 3 florescences of grafting are consistent on the tree body that each plant weight bounces back；In advance
The method planting renewal is: 2 ~ 3 years consistent with the original kind florescence raw breeding seedlings be directly planted in after shaped pruning old
Tree is other, is just grubbed out by veteran after seedlings stable yields；
(5) reasonable rich water quality management: to improved aged tree and setting tree is rapid at inflorescence pumping phase, the florescence of thanking, fruit every year
After trophophase, fruit oil content accumulation phase and fruit picking, 5 periods respectively enrich 1 fertilizer；Front 4 fertilizer enriched period are multiple
Hefei, consumption is every strain 1 ~ 2 kilogram, method be tree dish spread manuer in holes, many caves a small amount of；After fruit picking, based on farm manure, coordinate compound fertilizer
Carrying out paving fertilizer, method is to dig the fertilising of semi-circular ditch under tree crown drip, and every strain dose is pig manure 10 ~ 20 kilograms, the cake of becoming thoroughly decomposed
Fertile 1 ~ 2 kilogram, compound fertilizer 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram and quick lime 0.2 ~ 0.5 kilogram；Breeding seedlings to new plantation, sprout at each branch top
Respectively executing 1 tip-promoting fertilizer before bud and during young sprout blade annesl fertile with the strong tip, every strain fertilizer amount is 50 ~ 100 grams of carbamide, answers
40 ~ 80 grams of Hefei and 20 ~ 50 grams of potassium chloride, method is tree dish ditch spread；Meanwhile, 1 paving is carried out before summit of growth arrives in spring
Fertilizer, the fertile method of paving is with reference to aged tree, and dose halves；At inflorescence pumping phase, florescence and fruit development period, note trickle, protect
Water holding divides abundance, to ensure normally to bloom, Pollination Fertilization and fruit development；
(6) foliage top dressing, flower and fruit protecting: recuperate a point under-supply feature for flower, really period of development macadamia, blooming
First 1 week and thank spend after the 1st week and respectively carry out 1 foliage top dressing when the 3rd week, foliage top dressing method is to spray flower and fruit protecting blade face
Fertilizer, should increase the Borax of 0.2% when spraying before blooming；
(7) prevent and treat the disease pest plague of rats: the pest and disease damage different to macadimia nut, carry out prediction, pest and disease damage once occurs, adopts in time
Take corresponding prophylactico-therapeutic measures, accomplish except early, except less, except；Carry out the preventing and treating of the plague of rats in the harvest season, place in orchard and kill rats
Device, kills mouse in conjunction with throwing in rat poison；Behind winter clear garden, full garden sprays a lime sulfur, kills the disease pest source survived the winter,
Reduce pest and disease damage to occur.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step (1) Wound-healing agent is by following mass fraction
Component formulated: 4 ~ 8% lime sulfurs or thiophanate methyl, 0.05 ~ 0.3% carbamide, 0.1 ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01
~ 0.1% Nafusaku, 50 ~ 60% calcium carbonate, 24 ~ 35% water, 8 ~ 12% Adeps Sus domesticas.
Method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: described step (1) Wound-healing agent is divided by following quality
The component of number is formulated: 5% lime sulfur or thiophanate methyl, 0.15% carbamide, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% naphthalene acetic acid
Sodium, 55% calcium carbonate, 30% water, 9.5% Adeps Sus domestica.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: containing the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed in described step (3) complex fertilizer
22 ~ 30 kilograms, compound fertilizer 3 ~ 5 kilograms.
5. according to the method described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that: described compound fertilizer is chloro type compound fertilizer, its N, P2O5、
K2The mass content ratio of tri-kinds of nutrients of O is 15:5:15.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the formula of described step (6) flower and fruit protecting foliage fertilizer is: 1L
Containing the component of following quality proportioning in water: 0.1 ~ 0.2% carbamide, 0.1 ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 ~ 0.2% be combined nucleoside
Acid, 0.01 ~ 0.05% photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, 0.01 ~ 0.1% Rare-earth elements nutrient solution, 10 ~ 20mg/L CPPU.
7. according to the method described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterised in that: the formula of described step (6) flower and fruit protecting foliage fertilizer
For: containing the component of following quality proportioning in 1L water: 0.15% carbamide, 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% compound nucleotide,
0.02% photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, 0.05% Rare-earth elements nutrient solution, 15mg/L CPPU.
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| CN107480110A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-15 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of method for estimating Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit |
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