CN113519335A - Macadimia nut flat ground ridging planting method - Google Patents
Macadimia nut flat ground ridging planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113519335A CN113519335A CN202110901394.8A CN202110901394A CN113519335A CN 113519335 A CN113519335 A CN 113519335A CN 202110901394 A CN202110901394 A CN 202110901394A CN 113519335 A CN113519335 A CN 113519335A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000208467 Macadamia Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 30
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 240000000912 Macadamia tetraphylla Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000003800 Macadamia tetraphylla Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 206010003210 Arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010029400 Nicotinic acid deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002141 Pellagra Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000011775 arteriosclerosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940077731 carbohydrate nutrients Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021081 unsaturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a macadimia nut land ground ridging planting method which comprises the steps of scattering a base fertilizer on soil around a planting point for mixing, then placing a seedling on the planting point with the same height as the soil around the seedling, and ridging; the method comprises the steps of scattering fertilizer on the circumference of the outer edge of the vertical projection of the fruit tree crown, and then hilling the soil under the vertical projection of the fruit tree crown; the method comprises the steps of selecting branches without branches or with few bearing branches, cutting off leaves on the sunny side of a thick node, cutting off the top at the position of 3-5 cm when a new shoot grows to 10 +/-5 cm, taking the cut-off top of the extracted weak branch as the bearing branch, cutting off the top when a grown-on long branch grows to 20 +/-5 cm after cutting off, and culturing a new bearing branch. The method subverts the traditional planting method of digging, returning and ditching for fertilizing in the flat land planting method, not only saves cost, but also is convenient to manage, leads soil to be permeable, leads fruit trees to grow fast and grow fast, and obtains earnings more than two years ahead of time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of macadimia nut planting, in particular to a method for planting macadimia nuts on a flat ground.
Background
Macadamia nuts, namely kunshaan millet, macadamia walnut, macadamia nut and kunshuan fruit, belong to the dragon-mountain eye plant, and among a plurality of dry fruits in the world, the macadamia nuts have the highest economic value and are reputed as the king of the dry fruits in the world. Is a high-grade and rare edible dry fruit in the world at present, and has the effects of nourishing brain and promoting intelligence. The nuts are nutritious and rich in unsaturated fat, protein, various mineral elements, vitamins, carbohydrates and niacin for resisting pellagra. The nut has oil content of more than 78%, is natural high-grade edible oil, contains about 84% of unsaturated fatty acid, and several kinds of unsaturated fatty acid can not be synthesized in human body, and can reduce cholesterol after being eaten, thereby having good effect on preventing and treating arteriosclerosis. The nut trees are evergreen in four seasons and have high ornamental value. Can beautify and green environment and promote ecological balance, and the nuts are high-grade woody oil plants, are expensive in the international market and are in short supply. The nuts have high value, are storage-resistant and easy to transport, have a profit period as long as 40-60 years, are suitable for developing towards the flat ground, do not compete for land with grains, and are a rich way for developing economy in rural areas in mountainous areas.
However, the traditional macadimia nut flat land planting method includes steps of digging and returning ridges in the middle of a flat land, and ditching and fertilizing after planting, the traditional method is slow in yield, high in cost and inconvenient to pass and manage, good economic benefits can be obtained in 5 years generally, and the longer the tree is, the more adverse to the passing and management of an orchard garden. Furthermore, macadamia nut plants are not high in yield because they generally have the problems of vigorous growth, few branches, and few bearing branches.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a macadimia nut flat ground ridging planting method, which solves the problems of slow income and high cost of the traditional macadimia nut flat ground ridging planting method.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem of the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of land preparation, transplanting and field planting, additional fertilization and pruning; the transplanting and field planting comprises the steps of firstly determining a field planting point on a planting field, then spreading a base fertilizer on soil around the field planting point, mixing the base fertilizer with the soil, then placing macadimia nut seedlings on the field planting point with the same height as the soil around the macadimia nut seedlings, and then hilling.
In the above technical solution, a further technical solution may be: the topdressing comprises the steps of scattering fertilizer used for topdressing on the periphery of the outer edge of the vertical projection of the crown of the fruit tree, then carrying out earthing-up together with soil under the vertical projection of the crown of the fruit tree, and carrying out topdressing at each time to realize the height and the width of earthing-up more than 30 cm.
Further, the pruning comprises the steps of selecting branches without branches or with fewer bearing branches, cutting off leaves on the sunny side at the dense joints, promoting macadamia nuts to extract new branch tips at the dense joints of the branches, starting to cut off at the position of 3-5 cm when the new tips grow to 10 +/-5 cm, cutting off the extracted weak branches after the cutting to obtain the bearing branches, starting to cut off the grown strong long branches after the cutting to 20 +/-5 cm, and culturing the new bearing branches.
Further, the transplanting and planting specification of the macadimia nut seeds is 6 meters by 3 meters.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method subverts the traditional planting method of digging, returning and ditching for fertilizing in the flat land planting method, saves cost, is convenient to manage, enables soil to be permeable, enables fruit trees to grow fast and grow fast, and obtains benefits two years ahead of time.
2. According to the method, the planting points are selected on the ground of the flat ground for ridging and planting, so that the cost of digging a ridge and returning to the ridge in the middle of the flat ground is saved, soil around the root system of the fruit tree is loosened and permeable, oxygen exchange between the root system of the fruit tree and the outside is facilitated, the root system is promoted to be developed, the fruit tree grows rapidly, and the defect that the soil and the lean soil are all around the root system of the fruit tree during middle digging and planting, and the growth of the fruit tree is not facilitated is overcome.
3. The invention can meet the requirement of upward expansion of the root system of the fruit tree by fertilizing the height and the cultivation width of more than 30 cm each time, and can prevent rainwater from washing bare roots to influence the growth of the fruit tree.
4. According to the method, bearing branches are directionally pruned and cultivated, branches without branches or with few bearing branches are selected, leaves on the sunny side of the dense joints are pruned, new branch tips of the macadimia nuts are promoted to be extracted from the dense joints of the branches, the branches are cut at the positions of 3-5 cm when the new tips grow to 10 +/-5 cm, the cut tops of weak branches extracted after the branches are cut to be the bearing branches, the cut tops of strong long branches growing to 20 +/-5 cm after the branches are cut are cultivated, new bearing branches are cultivated, pruning is carried out by analogy, and therefore early bearing of the macadimia nuts is promoted, and planting benefits are improved.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific examples:
example 1
The method for planting the macadimia nuts in the flat ground hilling mode comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation: determining planting points on the selected planting land according to the transplanting and planting specification of 6 meters by 3 meters;
B. transplanting and field planting: spreading a base fertilizer at the circumference with the radius of 50 cm and taking the planting point as a central point, loosening the soil, turning the soil back and forth to mix the base fertilizer and the soil basically uniformly, then placing the macadimia nut seedlings on the planting points with the same height as the soil around the macadimia nut seedlings, then earthing up, and watering; wherein the base fertilizer is a decomposed organic fertilizer, and the average using amount of each plant is 25 kg;
C. weeding and topdressing: after transplanting and field planting, weeding for 3-4 times every year in a planting field, scattering fertilizers for topdressing at the periphery of the outer edge of the vertical projection of the crown of the fruit tree with a trunk as a central point, then carrying out earthing up together with the vertical projection of the crown of the fruit tree, and fertilizing up and earthing up more than 30 cm each time; wherein, the time and the dosage of the top dressing are as follows: when the tree ages are 1-3 years, 50kg of organic fertilizer, 3kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer and 2kg of quicklime are applied to each plant every year; when the tree ages are more than 4 years old, 60kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant in 10 months every year, 5kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.3kg of boron fertilizer and 0.3kg of medium trace element fertilizer are applied to each plant in 2-4 months every year, and 2kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer and 2kg of quicklime are added to each plant in 5-6 months every year; the prevention and control work of the plant diseases and insect pests is carried out according to the actual conditions, and the comprehensive prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests are generally carried out once in 12 months and 3 months in the next year;
D. pruning: and selecting branches without branches or with few bearing branches every 1-4 months and 9-12 months every year, cutting off leaves on the sunny side of the dense joints, promoting macadamia nuts to extract new branch tips at the dense joints of the branches, cutting off branches at 3-5 cm positions when the new tips grow to 10 +/-5 cm, cutting off tops of weak branches extracted after cutting, cutting off tops of strong long branches growing to 20 +/-5 cm, culturing new bearing branches, and pruning in the same way.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, macadamia nut seedlings of the same variety and quality as in example 1 were planted using flat lands in the same field as in example 1, and the transplanting time (i.e., 2 months) was the same as in example 1.
The method for planting the flat land comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation: determining planting points on the selected planting land according to the transplanting and planting specification of 6 meters by 3 meters;
B. transplanting and field planting: firstly, digging a planting hole with the length, width and height of about 100 multiplied by 70 cm at the middle position of a flat ground, putting a base fertilizer at the bottom of the hole, backfilling with soil, digging the backfilled soil to a position of 30-40 cm during planting, placing a seedling in the middle, backfilling the soil to the ground, and watering; wherein the base fertilizer is a decomposed organic fertilizer, and the average using amount of each plant is 25 kg;
C. weeding and topdressing: after transplanting and field planting, weeding is carried out for 3-4 times every year in a planting field, ditching is carried out for 10-20 cm in depth along a crown by taking a trunk as a central point, then fertilization and soil filling are carried out, and the ground is filled, so that roots are easy to be damaged and broken, and fertilizer damage diseases are easy to generate; wherein the time and the dosage of the top dressing are that when the tree ages of 1-3 years, 50kg of organic fertilizer, 3kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer and 2kg of quicklime are applied to each plant every year; when the tree ages are more than 4 years old, 60kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant in 10 months every year, 5kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.3kg of boron fertilizer and 0.3kg of medium trace element fertilizer are applied to each plant in 2-4 months every year, and 2kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer and 2kg of quicklime are added to each plant in 5-6 months every year; the prevention and control work of the plant diseases and insect pests is carried out according to the actual conditions, and the comprehensive prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests are generally carried out once in 12 months and 3 months in the next year;
D. pruning: pruning the small tree trunk at 70 cm to promote branching, pruning the small tree trunk to promote branching when the branch is as long as 40 cm, and the like.
Comparative example 2
Similarly, in this comparative example, macadamia nut seedlings of the same variety and quality as in example 1 were planted using flat ground as a planting field in the same field as in example 1, and the planting time (i.e., 2 months) was the same as in example 1.
The method for planting the flat land comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation: determining planting points on the selected planting land according to the transplanting and planting specification of 6 meters by 3 meters;
B. transplanting and field planting: digging a planting hole with the length, width and height of about 80 multiplied by 70 cm at the middle position of the flat ground, putting a base fertilizer at the bottom of the hole, backfilling with soil, digging backfilled soil to a position of 30-40 cm during planting, placing a seedling in the middle, backfilling the soil to the ground, and watering; wherein the base fertilizer is a decomposed organic fertilizer, and the average using amount of each plant is 25 kg;
C. weeding and topdressing: after transplanting and field planting, weeding is carried out for 3-4 times every year in a planting field, ditching is carried out for 10-20 cm in depth along a crown by taking a trunk as a central point, then fertilization and soil filling are carried out, and the ground is filled, so that roots are easy to be damaged and broken, and fertilizer damage diseases are easy to generate; wherein the time and the dosage of the top dressing are that when the tree ages of 1-3 years, 50kg of organic fertilizer, 3kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer and 2kg of quicklime are applied to each plant every year; when the tree ages are more than 4 years old, 60kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant in 10 months every year, 5kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.3kg of boron fertilizer and 0.3kg of medium trace element fertilizer are applied to each plant in 2-4 months every year, and 2kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer and 2kg of quicklime are added to each plant in 5-6 months every year; the prevention and control work of the plant diseases and insect pests is carried out according to the actual conditions, and the comprehensive prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests are generally carried out once in 12 months and 3 months in the next year;
D. pruning: and selecting branches without branches or with few bearing branches every 1-4 months and 9-12 months every year, cutting off leaves on the sunny side of the dense joints, promoting macadamia nuts to extract new branch tips at the dense joints of the branches, cutting off branches at 3-5 cm positions when the new tips grow to 10 +/-5 cm, cutting off tops of weak branches extracted after cutting, cutting off tops of strong long branches growing to 20 +/-5 cm, culturing new bearing branches, and pruning in the same way.
Comparative example 3
In this comparative example, macadamia nut seedlings of the same variety and quality as in example 1 were planted using flat lands in the same field as in example 1, and the transplanting time (i.e., 2 months) was the same as in example 1.
The method for planting the flat land comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation: determining planting points on the selected planting land according to the transplanting and planting specification of 6 meters by 3 meters;
B. transplanting and field planting: spreading a base fertilizer at the circumference with the radius of 50 cm and taking the planting point as a central point, loosening the soil, turning the soil back and forth to mix the base fertilizer and the soil basically uniformly, then placing the macadimia nut seedlings on the planting points with the same height as the soil around the macadimia nut seedlings, then earthing up, and watering; wherein the base fertilizer is a decomposed organic fertilizer, and the average using amount of each plant is 25 kg;
C. weeding and topdressing: after transplanting and field planting, weeding is carried out for 3-4 times every year in a planting field, ditching is carried out for 10-20 cm in depth along a crown by taking a trunk as a central point, then fertilization and soil filling are carried out, and the ground is filled, so that roots are easy to be damaged and broken, and fertilizer damage diseases are easy to generate; wherein the time and the dosage of the top dressing are that when the tree ages of 1-3 years, 50kg of organic fertilizer, 3kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer and 2kg of quicklime are applied to each plant every year; when the tree ages are more than 4 years old, 60kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant in 10 months every year, 5kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.3kg of boron fertilizer and 0.3kg of medium trace element fertilizer are applied to each plant in 2-4 months every year, and 2kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer and 2kg of quicklime are added to each plant in 5-6 months every year; the prevention and control work of the plant diseases and insect pests is carried out according to the actual conditions, and the comprehensive prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests are generally carried out once in 12 months and 3 months in the next year;
D. pruning: pruning the small tree trunk at 70 cm to promote branching, pruning the small tree trunk to promote branching when the branch is as long as 40 cm, and the like.
The results of example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were observed and recorded in view of planting cost, starting bearing time of fruit trees and yield, and are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the macadamia nut planting method of the present invention has the advantages of cost saving, fast growth and early fruiting and high yield compared with the traditional macadamia nut planting method.
Claims (4)
1. A flat ground ridging planting method for macadimia nuts comprises land preparation, transplanting and field planting, additional fertilization and pruning, and is characterized in that: the transplanting and field planting comprises the steps of firstly determining a field planting point on a planting field, then spreading a base fertilizer on soil around the field planting point, mixing the base fertilizer with the soil, then placing macadimia nut seedlings on the field planting point with the same height as the soil around the macadimia nut seedlings, and then hilling.
2. The method for cultivating macadimia nuts on flat ground according to claim 1, wherein: the topdressing comprises the steps of scattering fertilizers used for topdressing on the circumference of the outer edge of the vertical projection of the crown of the fruit tree, then earthing up the soil under the vertical projection of the crown of the fruit tree, and topdressing each time to achieve the height and the width of the soil more than 30 cm.
3. The method for cultivating macadimia nuts on flat ground according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the pruning comprises the steps of selecting branches without branches or with few bearing branches, cutting off leaves on the sunny side at the dense joints, promoting macadamia nuts to extract new branch tips at the dense joints of the branches, cutting off the branches at the positions of 3-5 cm when the new tips grow to 10 +/-5 cm, cutting off the extracted weak branches to form the bearing branches after the cutting, cutting off the grown strong long branches to 20 +/-5 cm, and culturing the new bearing branches.
4. The method for planting macadimia nuts on flat ground according to claim 3, wherein: the transplanting and planting specification of the macadimia nut seedlings is 6 meters by 3 meters.
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