CN103999724A - Yield-increasing cultivation method for macadimia nuts - Google Patents

Yield-increasing cultivation method for macadimia nuts Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103999724A
CN103999724A CN201410202553.5A CN201410202553A CN103999724A CN 103999724 A CN103999724 A CN 103999724A CN 201410202553 A CN201410202553 A CN 201410202553A CN 103999724 A CN103999724 A CN 103999724A
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China
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macadamia
fertilizer
liquid
soil
management
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CN201410202553.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王文林
赵静
邱文武
覃振师
郑树芳
赵大宣
韦持章
覃杰凤
陆祖正
谭德锦
黄锡云
蓝庆江
唐君海
罗莲凤
汤秀华
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广西南亚热带农业科学研究所
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Priority to CN201410202553.5A priority Critical patent/CN103999724A/en
Publication of CN103999724A publication Critical patent/CN103999724A/en

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Abstract

The invention discloses a yield-increasing cultivation method for macadimia nuts. The yield-increasing cultivation method is characterized by including the following steps: (1) creating a garden, (2) conducting soil, fertilizer and water management, (3) conducting water management, (4) conducting trunk fixing and shaping, (5) conducting main pest control, (6) conducting fruit tree pruning, and (7) conducting aged tree transplanting. By means of the yield-increasing cultivation method, according to the growth rule of the macadimia nuts, the method including the steps of garden creating, soil, fertilizer and water management, water management, trunk fixing and shaping, main pest control, fruit tree pruning and aged tree transplanting is adopted, and early fruit growing and yield increasing are achieved; economic benefits of macadimia nut planting are effectively improved, the development of the macadimia nuts is quickened, and the yield-increasing cultivation method is of great significance on increasing incomes of people.

Description

A kind of macadamia nut high-yield cultivating method
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of macadamia nut high-yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Macadamia nut originates in Australia, belongs to Proteaceae, nut platymiscium, and aiphyllium, the reputation that have " king of dry fruit " claims.Root Distribution is shallow, and a little less than wind loading rating, arid area plantation plant strain growth is slow, and fruit diminishes, depauperation, and shedding is serious.Easily fractureed by wind in wind major region, therefore should not plant.Macadamia nut suitable deep at soil layer, the content of organic matter is high, draining is good, plant in the chesson of pH5～6.Macadamia nut market prospects are good, ecological benefits, economic benefit tool are good, that a kind of oil content is high, nutritious, the edible nut of unique flavor, the whole world to the market demand of macadamia nut more than 400,000 tons, but, because its growth is extremely strong and investment cycle is long, only 40,000 hectares of current global cultivated areas to the selectivity characteristic of the natural conditions such as light, heat, water, wind, growing area mainly concentrates on Hawaii, America and Australia, 30,000 tons of annual production less thaies.Macadamia nut development has larger market potential and wide market prospects.
Because macadamia nut has higher nutritive value and health care value, it is a kind of fruit tree that has development prospect and economic benefit, China's cultivated land resource is rare at present, and the growth conditions of macadamia nut is had relatively high expectations, growth management to the later stage is stricter, the present invention, according to the growth rhythm of macadamia nut, adopts the garden of building, reasonably clay fertilizer water management, water management, determines to do with shaping, the extermination of disease and insect pest, pruning fruit tree and become the method that age, tree was transplanted, and realizes the morning of high yield in fact; Effectively raise the economic benefit of macadamia nut plantation, to accelerating the exploitation of macadamia nut, the income that improves the people is all significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of macadamia nut high-yield cultivating method, employing is built garden, reasonably clay fertilizer water management, water management, is determined to do with shaping, the extermination of disease and insect pest, pruning fruit tree and become the method that age, tree was transplanted, and has realized the object that macadamia nut is early got bumper crops in fact.
For reaching above-mentioned object, the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of macadamia nut high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
(1) build garden, described in build garden comprise location select and plantation:
A. selecting temperature is 10～30 DEG C, and rainfall is more than 1000mm, and soil layer is deep to few 0.5m, the location Jian Yuan that PH is 5～5.5;
B. select grafting or the cuttage seeding of well developed root system to plant, taking spacing in the rows as 2m～3m, line-spacing is 3m～4m, by 0.8m × 0.8m × 0.8m planting pit, and the farmyard manure 20～50kg that often spreads manuer in holes, backfill after mixing with table soil;
(2) clay fertilizer water management, described clay fertilizer water management comprises soil management and fertilizing management:
Described clay fertilizer water management comprises:
A. field intertillage: the shallow plowing, weeding and the loose table geotechnique that orchard are carried out to a year 2～3 times do; General one year 2 times, respectively March and September respectively once.Heat condition is good, the producing region that rainfall is plentiful, and weed growth is fast, easy consumption soil nutrient, and provide the place of hiding for the sick worm of macadamia nut; Weeding, ploughing shallowly, loosen the soil can fertilizer conservation, water conservation, promotion soil microbial activity.
B. field covers: orchard is carried out and covered grass the whole year; Cover careless effect the whole year as follows: the first, stablize soil temperature, can reduce by 6～15 DEG C of earth's surface soil temperatures at hot-dry season, can prevent high temperature injury root system, can improve 1～3 DEG C of soil temperature winter.The second, protection soil table is not washed away, and reduces the moisture evaporation of soil, is conducive to the activity of Soil Microorganism, increases soil fertility.Three, be conducive to reduce weeds and improve the nutrient in Root Absorption soil.
C. field intercropping: intercropping is carried out in orchard, and the plant of intercropping is coiled at least 1M from tree; Orchard intercropping can maintain park by park, raises short-long, and increases economic benefit, has strengthened again the management of soil.Such as: intercropping legume energy fixed nitrogen, increases soil content; Between plant short-stalked crop, the crop energy mulching soil of crawling, summer, heat can reduce soil temperature, reduce soil water evaporation.
Described fertilizing management comprises:
A. earsh fertilizing management:
For 1 year above macadamia nut earsh, execute tip-promoting fertilizer and strong slightly fertile; For 2 years above macadamia nut earshs, except executing tip-promoting fertilizer and strong slightly fertilizer, also apply base manure;
B. become to set age fertilizing management:
Become tree in age for 3 years above macadamia nuts, in early Febuary, use urea and phosphorus potash fertilizer; In mid-March, sealing fertilizer is main, coordinates and applies single nitrogenous fertilizer; Start to execute once-combined fertilizer by the end of April, impose again once-combined fertilizer mid-June; At the beginning of 8 months, impose again once-combined fertilizer; Early October, apply composite fertilizer and urea; Different demands and rule for the macadamia of different age of tree layers to fertilizer, adopt different fertilizing methods, can comply with the growth of macadamia, also can reasonably use fertilizer, waste, the contaminated soil causing while avoiding sowing amount too much or allow macadamia nut seedling occur burning seedling phenomenon, the macadamia nut seedling malnutrition that sowing amount causes when not enough, so reasonably arrange time and the fertilizing amount of fertilising greatly to avoid the phenomenon of the macadamia underproduction.
(3) water management, comprises trickle and water drainage:
A. trickle: the first two months is to macadamia trickle 2～3 times weekly, afterwards trickle 3～5 times weekly;
B. water drainage: in rainy season or high time of rainfall, need to accomplish to dredge the other drain ditch of tree root and drain flooded fields in time;
(4) fixed dry and shaping;
Macadamia is that trilobed wheel is raw, has the bud of 3 tile verticallies in every axil; Select a most prosperous bud of growing way to do trunk, after all the other two bud pumpings, be cut into stub, select two larger buds of angle that stub grows to stay below and do major branch, Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression;
(5) main diseases pest control;
A. for the moth class that endangers macadamia 3～July, employing 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate is diluted to 1000 times of liquid or bacillus thuringiensis,Bt is diluted to 1000 times of liquid or 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 90% chlorophos;
B. for 6～July by the harm of the yellow of macadamia nut seedling, the withered etiolated seedling causing of leaf margin, first should wipe out disease leaf as far as possible and sick leaf is burnt and then sprays the thiophanate methyl that 50% carbendazim is diluted to 1000-1200 times of liquid or 1000～1200 times of liquid of 50% benomyl or is diluted to 1000 times of liquid and prevent and treat there is the withered diseased plant of edge, within every two weeks, spraying 1 time until without etiolated seedling;
C. for 3～April with endanger the aphid of macadamia 10～November, should adopt 1000 times of liquid of 40% water ammonium sulphur phosphorus, 3000～5000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox or 3500 times of liquid spraying controls of 22% aphid lice spirit;
D. for endangering the stinkbug class of macadamia 6～July and endangering the thrips of macadamia 8～October, adopting 1500 times of concentration liquids of Le Siben missible oil or rare 1000～2000 times of liquid of 10% alpha-cypermethrin missible oil or 10% to go out hundred can the rare 3000 times of liquid spraying of missible oil control;
Easily suffer from different sick situations according to macadamia nut at the different times of growth, employing sprays different medicaments, reduce the destruction to macadamia of damage by disease and insect, ensure that macadamia can be healthy and polytrophicly grow up strong and sturdy, yield positive results, improve greatly the output of macadamia.
(6) pruning fruit tree:
To the result macadamia of 2～3 years, adopt retraction to upgrade hair-cutting, retain the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of some stalwartnesses; The little fruit-bearing shoot cluster of centering, rejuvenating at any time, stays strong a little less than going;
(7) become tree transplanting in age;
For field planting, the fruit tree Feng Hanghou of 3 ~ 4 years will partly transplant away, improves every year the each 0.5m～1m of seeding row spacing.
In the present invention, described farmyard manure is that the ight soil of the deadwood of trees, fallen leaves and poultry is made compost and formed.
The mode of planting in the present invention, is miscegenation between kind; Between described kind, the mode of miscegenation is divided into two kinds, and the first is that a line is planted a kind of kind, another adjacent row kind another one kind, and the second is that two row are planted a kind of kind, adjacent other two row are planted another kind.
In the present invention, the plant of described intercropping is watermelon, strawberry, peanut or soybean.
In the present invention, nitrogen in described composite fertilizer (N): phosphorus (P): the weight ratio of potassium (K) three elements is 15: 15: 15, and the amount of application of composite fertilizer increases progressively gradually according to the passing of time.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention adopts the Planting pattern of kind interplant, and intercropping legume energy fixed nitrogen increases soil content; Between plant short-stalked crop, the crop energy mulching soil of crawling, summer, heat can reduce soil temperature, reduce soil water evaporation; The residual physical efficiency of interrow crop increases the organic matter of soil.Management, the increase economic benefit that can strengthen soil, further improve to a kind of good growing environment of macadamia again, improves the fruiting rate of macadamia, thereby reach the object of high yield.
2, the present invention adopts the macadamia of different age of tree layers is used to different fertilizing amount, along with the increase of the age of tree, increases fertilizing amount to meet the growth demand of macadamia; Employing to applying fruit trees with fertilizer, can meet the growth demand of fruit tree in different months, avoids single fertilization too much to cause and burns seedling, soil pollution.Rational fertilization mode of the present invention has improved the output of macadamia greatly.
3, the present invention sprays different medicaments to macadamia at the different times of growth, and fruit tree diseases and pests phenomenon reduces more than 30%, improves the output of macadamia.
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Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below by specific embodiment, so that advantages and features of the invention are easier to be understood, it should be understood that embodiments of the invention are only used for the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
embodiment 1:
A kind of macadamia nut high-yield cultivating method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) build garden, described in build garden comprise location select and plantation:
A. selecting temperature is 15～20 DEG C, and rainfall is 1200mm, the dark 0.8m of soil layer, the location Jian Yuan that PH is 5.5;
B. select grafting and the soybean of well developed root system to carry out miscegenation, one behavior grafting, an adjacent other behavior soybean, taking spacing in the rows as 2m, line-spacing is 4m, press 0.8m × 0.8m × 0.8m planting pit, often spread manuer in holes the ight soil of the deadwood of trees, fallen leaves and poultry is made compost to the farmyard manure 20kg forming, mixes backfill afterwards with table soil;
(2) clay fertilizer water management, described clay fertilizer water management comprises soil management and fertilizing management:
Described clay fertilizer water management comprises:
A. field intertillage: the shallow plowing, weeding and the loose table geotechnique that orchard are carried out to a year 2 times do;
B. field covers: orchard is carried out and covered grass the whole year;
C. field intercropping: intercropping is carried out in orchard, and the plant soybean of intercropping is coiled 1M from tree;
Described fertilizing management comprises:
A. earsh fertilizing management:
For 1 year above macadamia nut earsh, execute tip-promoting fertilizer 20-50g/ strain/time and strong slightly fertile 30-80g/ strain/time; For 2 years above macadamia nut earshs, except execute tip-promoting fertilizer 30-60g/ strain/time and strong slightly fertile 40-80g/ strain/time, also apply base manure 20-50g/ strain/time;
B. become to set age fertilizing management:
Become tree in age for 3 years above macadamia nuts, in early Febuary, use urea 50-80g/ strain/time and phosphorus potash fertilizer 100-150g/ strain/time; In mid-March, sealing fertilizer 100-150g/ strain/time, coordinate and apply single nitrogenous fertilizer; Start to execute by the end of April once-combined fertile 120-200g/ strain/time, impose again mid-June once-combined fertile 150-220g/ strain/time; At the beginning of 8 months, impose again once-combined fertile 180-250g/ strain/time; Early October, apply composite fertilizer 200-270g/ strain/time and urea 50-80g/ strain/time;
(3) water management, comprises trickle and water drainage:
A. trickle: the first two months is to macadamia trickle 2～3 times weekly, afterwards trickle 3～5 times weekly;
B. water drainage: in rainy season or high time of rainfall, need to accomplish to dredge the other drain ditch of tree root and drain flooded fields in time;
(4) fixed dry and shaping;
Macadamia is that trilobed wheel is raw, has the bud of 3 tile verticallies in every axil; Select a most prosperous bud of growing way to do trunk, after all the other two bud pumpings, be cut into stub, select two larger buds of angle that stub grows to stay below and do major branch, Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression;
(5) main diseases pest control;
A. for the moth class that endangers macadamia 3～July, adopt 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate to be diluted to 1000 times of liquid spraying controls;
B. for 6～July by the harm of the yellow of macadamia nut seedling, the withered etiolated seedling causing of leaf margin, first should wipe out disease leaf as far as possible and sick leaf is burnt and then sprays 50% carbendazim and be diluted to 1000-1200 times of liquid and prevent and treat there is the withered diseased plant of edge, within every two weeks, spraying 1 time until without etiolated seedling;
C. for 3～April with endanger the aphid of macadamia 10～November, should adopt 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 40% water ammonium sulphur phosphorus;
D. for endangering the stinkbug class of macadamia 6～July and endangering the thrips of macadamia 8～October, adopt 1500 times of concentration liquids spraying controls of Le Siben missible oil;
(6) pruning fruit tree:
To the result macadamia of 2～3 years, adopt retraction to upgrade hair-cutting, retain the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of some stalwartnesses; The little fruit-bearing shoot cluster of centering, rejuvenating at any time, stays strong a little less than going;
(7) become tree transplanting in age;
For field planting, the fruit tree Feng Hanghou of 3 ~ 4 years will partly transplant away, improves every year the each 0.5m of seeding row spacing.
 
embodiment 2:
A kind of macadamia nut high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
(1) build garden, described in build garden comprise location select and plantation:
A. selecting temperature is 10～25 DEG C, and rainfall is more than 1500mm, the dark 1m of soil layer, the location Jian Yuan that PH is 5;
B. select cuttage seeding and the watermelon of well developed root system to carry out miscegenation, one behavior cuttage seeding, an adjacent other behavior watermelon, taking spacing in the rows as 3m, line-spacing is 3m, press 0.8m × 0.8m × 0.8m planting pit, often spread manuer in holes the ight soil of the deadwood of trees, fallen leaves and poultry is made compost and formed farmyard manure 50kg, backfill after mixing with table soil;
(2) clay fertilizer water management, described clay fertilizer water management comprises soil management and fertilizing management:
Described clay fertilizer water management comprises:
A. field intertillage: the shallow plowing, weeding and the loose table geotechnique that orchard are carried out to a year 3 times do;
B. field covers: orchard is carried out and covered grass the whole year;
C. field intercropping: intercropping is carried out in orchard, and the plant watermelon of intercropping coils at least 1M from tree;
Described fertilizing management comprises:
A. earsh fertilizing management:
For 1 year above macadamia nut earsh, execute tip-promoting fertilizer 15-30g/ strain/time and strong slightly fertile 20-60g/ strain/time; For 2 years above macadamia nut earshs, except execute tip-promoting fertilizer 20-50g/ strain/time and strong slightly fertile 30-60g/ strain/time, also apply base manure 15-30g/ strain/time;
B. become to set age fertilizing management:
Become tree in age for 3 years above macadamia nuts, in early Febuary, use urea 30-60g/ strain/time and phosphorus potash fertilizer 150-200g/ strain/time; In mid-March, sealing fertilizer 150-200g/ strain/time, coordinate and apply single nitrogenous fertilizer; Start to execute by the end of April once-combined fertile 150-200g/ strain/time, impose again mid-June once-combined fertile 150-250g/ strain/time; At the beginning of 8 months, impose again once-combined fertile 200-300g/ strain/time; Early October, apply composite fertilizer 250-300g/ strain/time and urea 50-100g/ strain/time;
(3) water management, comprises trickle and water drainage:
A. trickle: the first two months is to macadamia trickle 2～3 times weekly, afterwards trickle 3～5 times weekly;
B. water drainage: in rainy season or high time of rainfall, need to accomplish to dredge the other drain ditch of tree root and drain flooded fields in time;
(4) fixed dry and shaping;
Macadamia is that trilobed wheel is raw, has the bud of 3 tile verticallies in every axil; Select a most prosperous bud of growing way to do trunk, after all the other two bud pumpings, be cut into stub, select two larger buds of angle that stub grows to stay below and do major branch, Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression;
(5) main diseases pest control;
A. for the moth class that endangers macadamia 3～July, adopt bacillus thuringiensis,Bt to be diluted to 1000 times of liquid spraying controls;
B. for 6～July by the harm of the yellow of macadamia nut seedling, the withered etiolated seedling causing of leaf margin, first should wipe out disease leaf as far as possible and sick leaf is burnt and then sprays the thiophanate methyl that is diluted to 1000 times of liquid and prevent and treat there is the withered diseased plant of edge, within every two weeks, spraying 1 time until without etiolated seedling;
C. for 3～April with endanger the aphid of macadamia 10～November, should adopt 3000～5000 times of liquid spraying controls of 50% Aphox;
D. for endangering the stinkbug class of macadamia 6～July and endangering the thrips of macadamia 8～October, adopt rare 1000～2000 times of liquid spraying of 10% alpha-cypermethrin missible oil control;
(6) pruning fruit tree:
To the result macadamia of 3 years, adopt retraction to upgrade hair-cutting, retain the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of some stalwartnesses; The little fruit-bearing shoot cluster of centering, rejuvenating at any time, stays strong a little less than going;
(7) become tree transplanting in age;
For field planting, the fruit tree Feng Hanghou of 3 ~ 4 years will partly transplant away, improves every year the each 1m of seeding row spacing.
 
embodiment 3:
A kind of macadamia nut high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
(1) build garden, described in build garden comprise location select and plantation:
A. selecting temperature is 200 DEG C, and rainfall is more than 180mm, and it is 5.3 location Jian Yuan that soil layer is deep to few 0.8, PH;
B. select the cuttage seeding of well developed root system and strawberry or peanut to carry out miscegenation, plant two row cuttage seeding, adjacent other behavior strawberry or a peanut, taking spacing in the rows as 2.5m, line-spacing is 2.5m, press 0.8m × 0.8m × 0.8m planting pit, often spread manuer in holes the ight soil of the deadwood of trees, fallen leaves and poultry is made compost and formed farmyard manure 35kg, backfill after mixing with table soil;
(2) clay fertilizer water management, described clay fertilizer water management comprises soil management and fertilizing management:
Described clay fertilizer water management comprises:
A. field intertillage: the shallow plowing, weeding and the loose table geotechnique that orchard are carried out to a year 2 times do;
B. field covers: orchard is carried out and covered grass the whole year;
C. field intercropping: intercropping is carried out in orchard, and plant strawberry or the peanut of intercropping coil at least 1M from tree;
Described fertilizing management comprises:
A. earsh fertilizing management:
For 1 year above macadamia nut earsh, execute tip-promoting fertilizer 10-25g/ strain/time and strong slightly fertile 15-50g/ strain/time; For 2 years above macadamia nut earshs, except execute tip-promoting fertilizer 15-30g/ strain/time and strong slightly fertile 25-50g/ strain/time, also apply base manure 15-25g/ strain/time;
B. become to set age fertilizing management:
Become tree in age for 3 years above macadamia nuts, in early Febuary, use urea 100-150g/ strain/time and phosphorus potash fertilizer 250-350g/ strain/time; In mid-March, sealing fertilizer 300-400g/ strain/time, coordinate and apply single nitrogenous fertilizer; Start to execute by the end of April once-combined fertile 350-450g/ strain/time, impose again mid-June once-combined fertile 400-450g/ strain/time; At the beginning of 8 months, impose again once-combined fertile 500-550g/ strain/time; Early October, apply composite fertilizer 550-600g/ strain/time and urea 100-200g/ strain/time;
(3) water management, comprises trickle and water drainage:
A. trickle: the first two months is to macadamia trickle 2～3 times weekly, afterwards trickle 3～5 times weekly;
B. water drainage: in rainy season or high time of rainfall, need to accomplish to dredge the other drain ditch of tree root and drain flooded fields in time;
(4) fixed dry and shaping;
Macadamia is that trilobed wheel is raw, has the bud of 3 tile verticallies in every axil; Select a most prosperous bud of growing way to do trunk, after all the other two bud pumpings, be cut into stub, select two larger buds of angle that stub grows to stay below and do major branch, Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression;
(5) main diseases pest control;
A. for the moth class that endangers macadamia 3～July, adopt 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 90% chlorophos;
B. for 6～July by the harm of the yellow of macadamia nut seedling, the withered etiolated seedling causing of leaf margin, first should wipe out disease leaf as far as possible and sick leaf is burnt and then sprays 1000～1200 times of liquid of 50% benomyl and prevent and treat there is the withered diseased plant of edge, within every two weeks, spraying 1 time until without etiolated seedling;
C. for 3～April with endanger the aphid of macadamia 10～November, should adopt 3500 times of liquid spraying controls of 22% aphid lice spirit;
D. for endangering the stinkbug class of macadamia 6～July and endangering the thrips of macadamia 8～October, adopting 10%, go out hundred can the rare 3000 times of liquid spraying of missible oil control;
(6) pruning fruit tree:
To the result macadamia of 2 years, adopt retraction to upgrade hair-cutting, retain the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of some stalwartnesses; The little fruit-bearing shoot cluster of centering, rejuvenating at any time, stays strong a little less than going;
(7) become tree transplanting in age;
For field planting, the fruit tree Feng Hanghou of 3 ~ 4 years will partly transplant away, improves every year the each 0.8m of seeding row spacing.

Claims (5)

1. a macadamia nut high-yield cultivating method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) build garden, described in build garden comprise location select and plantation:
A. selecting temperature is 10～30 DEG C, and rainfall is more than 1000mm, and soil layer is deep to few 0.5m, the location Jian Yuan that PH is 5～5.5;
B. select grafting or the cuttage seeding of well developed root system to plant, taking spacing in the rows as 2m～3m, line-spacing is 3m～4m, by 0.8m × 0.8m × 0.8m planting pit, and the farmyard manure 20～50kg that often spreads manuer in holes, backfill after mixing with table soil;
(2) clay fertilizer water management, described clay fertilizer water management comprises soil management and fertilizing management:
Described clay fertilizer water management comprises:
A. field intertillage: the shallow plowing, weeding and the loose table geotechnique that orchard are carried out to a year 2～3 times do;
B. field covers: orchard is carried out and covered grass the whole year;
C. field intercropping: intercropping is carried out in orchard, and the plant of intercropping is coiled at least 1M from tree;
Described fertilizing management comprises:
A. earsh fertilizing management:
For 1 year above macadamia nut earsh, execute tip-promoting fertilizer and strong slightly fertile; For 2 years above macadamia nut earshs, except executing tip-promoting fertilizer and strong slightly fertilizer, also apply base manure;
B. become to set age fertilizing management:
Become tree in age for 3 years above macadamia nuts, in early Febuary, use urea and phosphorus potash fertilizer; In mid-March, sealing fertilizer is main, coordinates and applies single nitrogenous fertilizer; Start to execute once-combined fertilizer by the end of April, impose again once-combined fertilizer mid-June; At the beginning of 8 months, impose again once-combined fertilizer; Early October, apply composite fertilizer and urea;
(3) water management, comprises trickle and water drainage:
A. trickle: the first two months is to macadamia trickle 2～3 times weekly, afterwards trickle 3～5 times weekly;
B. water drainage: in rainy season or high time of rainfall, need to accomplish to dredge the other drain ditch of tree root and drain flooded fields in time;
(4) fixed dry and shaping;
Macadamia is that trilobed wheel is raw, has the bud of 3 tile verticallies in every axil; Select a most prosperous bud of growing way to do trunk, after all the other two bud pumpings, be cut into stub, select two larger buds of angle that stub grows to stay below and do major branch, Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression;
(5) main diseases pest control;
A. for the moth class that endangers macadamia 3～July, employing 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate is diluted to 1000 times of liquid or bacillus thuringiensis,Bt is diluted to 1000 times of liquid or 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 90% chlorophos;
B. for 6～July by the harm of the yellow of macadamia nut seedling, the withered etiolated seedling causing of leaf margin, first should wipe out disease leaf as far as possible and sick leaf is burnt and then sprays the thiophanate methyl that 50% carbendazim is diluted to 1000-1200 times of liquid or 1000～1200 times of liquid of 50% benomyl or is diluted to 1000 times of liquid and prevent and treat there is the withered diseased plant of edge, within every two weeks, spraying 1 time until without etiolated seedling;
C. for 3～April with endanger the aphid of macadamia 10～November, should adopt 1000 times of liquid of 40% water ammonium sulphur phosphorus, 3000～5000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox or 3500 times of liquid spraying controls of 22% aphid lice spirit;
D. for endangering the stinkbug class of macadamia 6～July and endangering the thrips of macadamia 8～October, adopting 1500 times of concentration liquids of Le Siben missible oil or rare 1000～2000 times of liquid of 10% alpha-cypermethrin missible oil or 10% to go out hundred can the rare 3000 times of liquid spraying of missible oil control;
(6) pruning fruit tree:
To the result macadamia of 2～3 years, adopt retraction to upgrade hair-cutting, retain the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of some stalwartnesses; The little fruit-bearing shoot cluster of centering, rejuvenating at any time, stays strong a little less than going;
(7) become tree transplanting in age;
For field planting, the fruit tree Feng Hanghou of 3 ~ 4 years will partly transplant away, improves every year the each 0.5m～1m of seeding row spacing.
2. according to macadamia nut high-yield cultivating method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described farmyard manure is that the ight soil of the deadwood of trees, fallen leaves and poultry is made compost and formed.
3. according to macadamia nut high-yield cultivating method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in the mode of planting be miscegenation between kind; Between described kind, the mode of miscegenation is divided into two kinds, and the first is that a line is planted a kind of kind, another adjacent row kind another one kind, and the second is that two row are planted a kind of kind, adjacent other two row are planted another kind.
4. according to macadamia nut high-yield cultivating method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the plant of described intercropping is watermelon, strawberry, peanut or soybean.
5. according to macadamia nut high-yield cultivating method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: nitrogen in described composite fertilizer (N): phosphorus (P): the weight ratio of potassium (K) three elements is 15: 15: 15, and the amount of application of composite fertilizer increases progressively gradually according to the passing of time.
CN201410202553.5A 2014-05-14 2014-05-14 Yield-increasing cultivation method for macadimia nuts CN103999724A (en)

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