CN113197006B - Efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of macadimia nuts - Google Patents
Efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of macadimia nuts Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of macadimia nuts, which belongs to the technical field of planting of the macadimia nuts, and aims to inhibit differentiation and growth of flower buds by adding water, applying fertilizer, promoting tip drawing, increasing growth of branches and leaves, spraying plant hormone, promoting nutrition production of the branches and leaves, and assisting a sunshade net to control illumination. After the method is regulated, the flowering time of the macadimia nut can be delayed to 30-50 days, so that the flowering phase is avoided from a rainy season, and the full-bloom phase is delayed to the middle and late 4 months to the upper 5 months, at this time, the weather is good, the temperature is high, the flower quality and the insect movable pollination are improved, the pollination rate is improved, and the purposes of increasing yield and income are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of macadimia nut planting, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of macadimia nuts.
Background
The planting area of the macadimia nuts in China is about 420 ten thousand mu, and the macadimia nuts are mainly distributed in subtropical areas without typhoons in Guangxi, yunnan, sichuan, guangdong and the like. The growth and fruiting period of the Guangxi macadamia nut mature tree are generally as follows: fruit is harvested in 9 months of the previous year, fertilizer is applied in 10 months, the flowers and buds are differentiated in the middle of 11 months, the flowers and buds are differentiated in the beginning of 11 months to 12 months, the flowers and buds are formed in the beginning of 12 months to 1 month, wherein the early maturing variety starts to bloom in 2 months, the middle maturing variety starts to bloom in 3 months, and the late maturing variety starts to bloom in 3 months and 4 months.
In the period before and after the flowering of the macadimia nut, the weather causes in Guangxi, and the period from the february end to the early April is mainly the weather in the rainy days; meanwhile, the flowering characteristic of macadimia nuts is that the macadimia nuts are flowering in the inner bore, the flowering period is short, and the period from flowering to flowers is usually only about one week. Thus, the main problem at the present stage is that pollination is difficult. If the flowering period of the macadimia nut meets the cloudy day, the temperature is low, insects are few and the macadimia nut does not move out; if the flowering period encounters rainy days, the macadimia nut flowers are all in-bore flowers, and the internal flowers are inferior to other plant varieties in air permeability, so that the problems of in-flower water accumulation, flower retting and flower loss are extremely easy to cause.
Therefore, if the flowering period of the macadimia nut is in a overcast and rainy day, the problems of difficult pollination, low pollination rate, flower and fruit dropping and low yield of the macadimia nut are easily caused. There is a need to develop a cultivation method of macadimia nuts that can improve pollination efficiency while delaying flowering of the macadimia nuts and avoiding rainy seasons.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying the flowering of the macadimia nut, which improves the pollination efficiency of the macadimia nut and delays the flowering period of the macadimia nut by reasonably controlling light, water and fertilizer, so that the flowering time can be delayed to 30-50 days, the full-bloom period is delayed to the middle and late 4 months to the upper 5 months, and the rainy season is reasonably avoided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
an efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of macadimia nuts, comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting an Australian nut orchard, and sleeving a sunshade net on the Australian nut fruit tree at the beginning of 10 months after fruit harvesting is completed;
(2) Spraying water once every 3-5 days for 10-12 months, and applying the post-harvest fertilizer once every 7-10 days to promote the growth of the shoots and the branches and the leaves; spraying plant hormone once in the middle ten days of 11 months;
(3) Removing sunshade net until the beginning of 1 month of the second year, trimming winter tips, and applying pre-flower fertilizer for 2-3 times at intervals of 12-16d after trimming; spraying water-soluble trace element fertilizer on the leaf surface when applying the pre-flower fertilizer each time;
(4) Continuously culturing until the period from middle and late 4 months to upper 5 months enters the full bloom stage, spraying pollen holding liquid on flowers, introducing bees to carry out supplementary pollination after the spraying is completed for 12-15 hours, and starting fruit setting at the bottom of 5 months;
(5) And then continuously cultivating the macadimia nut fruit tree according to a conventional cultivation method until the fruit tree enters a fruit harvesting period of 10-11 months, and after harvesting, stably delaying flowering in the flowering period of the macadimia nut of the next year according to a conventional management method of the macadimia nut.
Further, the ages of the fruit trees in the Australian nut orchard are more than 3 years.
Further, the plant hormone in the step (2) is a composition prepared by mixing more than two of zeatin, mepiquat chloride and brassinolide, and is diluted by 800-1000 times for use.
Further, the plant hormone in the step (2) is a composition prepared by mixing zeatin, mepiquat chloride and brassin lactone according to a mass ratio of 1-4:1:1-2, and the composition is diluted by 800-1000 times for use.
Further, the step (2) of applying the post-harvest fertilizer every mu: 900-1000g urea, 200-300g nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 15-20kg decomposed manure and 10-15g decomposed Australian nut skin.
Further, the pre-flower fertilizer in the step (3) is applied every mu: 300-350g of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 80-100g of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 200-300g of decomposed Australia nut skin.
Further, in the step (4), pollen of the macadimia nut is collected in a full bloom stage, and after the pollen and the retaining liquid are washed, the solid-liquid ratio is 1-10:100, and uniformly mixing to obtain the pollen holding liquid.
Further, the holding liquid comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-12% sucrose, 0.5-1% agar, 0.5-0.8% propylene glycol alginate, 0.001-0.0015% boric acid, 0.002-0.003% CaCl 2 0.0025-0.003% KCl, the balance being water make up 100%, and adjusting the pH to 6.0-7.0 with 0.1mol/L NaOH solution.
Further, the bee supplementary pollination in the step (4) is that: uniformly placing Chinese bee colonies in an orchard, placing 3-5 beehives per mu, adding a grass curtain or a shading net at a height of 30-40cm above the beehives, and raising the beehives to a distance of 25-30cm from the ground; the bees are supplemented with water every day, and are fed with nutrient supplementing liquid, and each beehive is fed with 200-300g of nutrient supplementing liquid.
Further, the nutrient supplement comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5-10% of macadimia nut pollen, 10-15% of sucrose, 3-5% of honey, 0.8-1.0% of salt, 0.02-0.04% of tea tree oil and the balance of water which are added to 100%.
The pollen holding liquid of the present invention is sprayed by means of existing pollen spraying machinery.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the pollination efficiency of the macadimia nuts is improved together through reasonable water control, fertilizer control, auxiliary sunshade net and other regulation modes, the flowering period of the macadimia nuts is delayed, the flowering time of the macadimia nuts is delayed to be 30-50 days originally, the full-bloom period is delayed to be the middle and lower ten days of 4 months to the upper ten days of 5 months, the negative rainy season is avoided reasonably, and the flower quality and the insect movable pollination are improved due to good weather and high temperature.
2. After the harvest period of fruits in the macadimia nut orchard, namely 10 months at first, the regulating and controlling method of the invention is used for firstly sleeving a sunshade net on the macadimia nut orchard, reducing illumination, further delaying flowering, supplementing water and adding nitrogen fertilizer for 10-12 months, promoting the growth of shoots, adding the growth of branches and leaves, supplementing and utilizing plant hormones consisting of zeatin, meprobamate and brassin lactone during the period, and further promoting the nutrition production of branches and leaves, thereby inhibiting the differentiation and growth of partial flower buds and achieving the purpose of controlling the flower quantity; realizing the effect of delaying 30-50 days to reach the flowering period, delaying flowering of early-maturing varieties in 4 months, delaying flowering of medium-maturing varieties at the end of 4 months, and delaying flowering of late-maturing varieties at the beginning of 5 months.
3. According to the invention, pollen holding liquid is sprayed firstly, then bee is used for supplementary pollination, and double-measure pollination is carried out, so that the integral pollination efficiency and quality are improved; part of flowers can be thinned out by spraying the pollen holding liquid, so that nutrition of the tree body is ensured, pollen is provided, the problem that the flower quantity of the macadimia nut is too large is solved, the pollen can be directly aligned with proper early, middle and late ripe flowers, the pollination rate is improved, and the problems that the macadimia nut is more in flower quantity and less in bee feeding in the earlier stage of flower holding are solved; and then bee is used for supplementary pollination, so that the place where pollination is not in place is complemented, and the integral pollination efficiency and quality are improved.
4. The retaining liquid used in the invention contains sucrose, agar, propylene glycol alginate, boric acid and CaCl 2 KCl has moderate viscosity, is convenient for spraying, can not solidify, is beneficial to adhering to the column heads of flowers, improves pollination efficiency, can provide certain nutrients and nutrient elements, promotes fruit setting of fruits and improves the yield of macadimia nuts.
5. The invention scientifically manages bees in the bee supplementary pollination, improves the bee activity frequency and promotes the bee activity; the provided nutrient supplement contains natural components such as macadimia nut pollen, tea tree oil and the like, can improve the enthusiasm of bee pollination, and induces bees to collect macadimia nut flowers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a flower of macadimia nut after pollination in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing fruit set 1 month after pollination of macadimia nuts in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing fruit conditions during harvest of macadimia nuts of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention. The present invention was purchased from agricultural raw materials company using raw materials as follows.
Example 1
An efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of macadimia nuts, comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting an Australian nut orchard with the combination of early, middle and late maturing and the tree age of more than 3 years, wherein the proportion of the early, middle and late maturing fruit trees is 10%, 75% and 15% in sequence; after the fruit harvesting is completed, a sunshade net is sleeved on the macadimia nut fruit tree at the beginning of 10 months;
(2) Spraying water once every 3 days for 10-12 months, and applying a post-harvest fertilizer once every 7 days for promoting tip extraction and increasing the growth of branches and leaves; spraying plant hormone once in the middle ten days of 11 months; the plant hormone is a composition prepared by mixing the mepiquat chloride and brassin lactone according to a mass ratio of 1:1, and is diluted by 800 times for use;
the postharvest fertilizer is applied every mu: 900g of urea, 200g of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 15kg of decomposed manure and 10g of decomposed Australian nut peels;
(3) Removing sunshade net until the beginning of 1 month in the second year, trimming winter tips, and applying pre-flower fertilizer for 2 times every 12d after trimming; spraying water-soluble trace element fertilizer on the leaf surface when applying the pre-flower fertilizer each time; the pre-flower fertilizer is applied every mu: 300g of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 80g of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 200g of decomposed Australian nut peels;
(4) Continuously cultivating for 4 months, wherein medium-maturing early flowers meet early-maturing late flowers, 5 months later, medium-maturing late flowers meet early flowers of late-maturing varieties, the medium-maturing early flowers enter a full-bloom stage, macadimia nut pollen is collected in the full-bloom stage, and after the medium-maturing early flowers meet early flowers of the early-maturing late flowers, the pollen and a retaining liquid are washed according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:100, uniformly mixing to obtain pollen holding liquid; spraying pollen holding liquid on the flowers, introducing bees to carry out supplementary pollination after the spraying is completed for 12 hours, and starting fruit setting at the bottom of 5 months; the retaining liquid comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10% sucrose, 0.5% agar, 0.5% propylene glycol alginate, 0.001% boric acid, 0.002% CaCl 2 0.0025% KCl, the balance being water make up 100%, pH is adjusted to 6.0 with 0.1mol/L NaOH solution;
the bee supplementary pollination is: uniformly placing Chinese bee colonies in an orchard, placing 3 beehives per mu, covering a grass curtain at a height of 30cm above the beehives, and raising the beehives to a distance of 25cm from the ground; supplementing water to bees every day, and feeding nutrient supplementing liquid, wherein each beehive is fed with 200g of nutrient supplementing liquid; the nutrient supplement comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5% of macadimia nut pollen, 10% of sucrose, 3% of honey, 0.8% of salt, 0.02% of tea tree oil and the balance of water to complement 100%;
(5) And then continuously cultivating the macadimia nut fruit tree according to a conventional cultivation method until the fruit tree enters a fruit harvesting period of 10-11 months, and after harvesting, stably delaying flowering in the flowering period of the macadimia nut of the next year according to a conventional management method of the macadimia nut.
Example 2
An efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of macadimia nuts, comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting an early-medium ripe matching Australian nut orchard with the tree age of more than 3 years, wherein the proportion of the early-medium ripe fruit trees to the medium ripe fruit trees is 15% and 85% in sequence; after the fruit harvesting is completed, a sunshade net is sleeved on the macadimia nut fruit tree at the beginning of 10 months;
(2) Spraying water once every 5 days for 10-12 months, and applying a post-harvest fertilizer once every 10 days for promoting tip extraction and increasing the growth of branches and leaves; spraying plant hormone once in the middle ten days of 11 months; the plant hormone is a composition prepared by mixing zeatin, mepiquat chloride and brassin lactone according to a mass ratio of 4:1:1, and is diluted by 1000 times for use;
the postharvest fertilizer is applied every mu: 1000g of urea, 300g of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 20kg of decomposed manure and 15g of decomposed Australian nut peels;
(3) Removing the sunshade net until the beginning of 1 month in the second year, trimming the winter tips, and applying the pre-flower fertilizer for 3 times at intervals of 16d after trimming; spraying water-soluble trace element fertilizer on the leaf surface when applying the pre-flower fertilizer each time; the pre-flower fertilizer is applied every mu: 350g of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 100g of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 300g of decomposed Australia nut peels;
(4) Continuously culturing until the period of 4 months, collecting the pollen of the macadimia nut in the period of full bloom, cleaning, and mixing the pollen with a retaining solution according to a solid-liquid ratio of 10:100, uniformly mixing to obtain pollen holding liquid; spraying pollen holding liquid on the flowers, introducing bees to carry out supplementary pollination after the spraying is completed for 15 hours, and starting fruit setting at the bottom of 5 months; FIG. 1 is a photograph of a flower of macadimia nut after pollination in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 2 is a photograph showing fruit set 1 month after pollination of macadimia nuts in accordance with the invention;
the retaining liquid comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 12% sucrose, 1% agar, 0.8% propylene glycol alginate, 0.0015% boric acid, 0.003% CaCl 2 0.003% of KCl and the balance of water which make up 100%, and regulating the pH value to 7.0 by using 0.1mol/L NaOH solution;
the bee supplementary pollination is: uniformly placing Chinese bee colonies in an orchard, placing 5 beehives per mu, covering a grass curtain at a height of 40cm above the beehives, and raising the beehives to a distance of 30cm from the ground; supplementing water to bees every day, and feeding nutrient supplementing liquid, wherein each beehive is fed with 300g of nutrient supplementing liquid; the nutrient supplement comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10% of macadimia nut pollen, 15% of sucrose, 5% of honey, 1.0% of salt, 0.04% of tea tree oil and the balance of water to complement 100%;
(5) And then continuously cultivating the macadimia nut fruit tree according to a conventional cultivation method until the fruit tree enters a fruit harvesting period of 10-11 months, wherein fig. 3 is a picture of fruit conditions in the fruit harvesting period of the macadimia nut, and after harvesting, stable delayed flowering can be realized in the flowering period of the macadimia nut of the next year according to the conventional management method of the macadimia nut.
Example 3
An efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of macadimia nuts, comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting an Australian nut orchard with the combination of early, middle and late maturing and the tree age of more than 3 years, wherein the proportion of the early, middle and late maturing fruit trees is 15%, 80% and 5% in sequence; after the fruit harvesting is completed, a sunshade net is sleeved on the macadimia nut fruit tree at the beginning of 10 months;
(2) Spraying water once every 4 days in 10-12 months, applying the post-harvest fertilizer once every 8 days, and promoting the growth of the tips, the branches and the leaves; spraying plant hormone once in the middle ten days of 11 months; the plant hormone is a composition prepared by mixing zeatin, mepiquat chloride and brassin lactone according to a mass ratio of 1:1:2, and is diluted by 900 times for use;
the postharvest fertilizer is applied every mu: 950g urea, 250g nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 18kg decomposed manure and 12g decomposed Australian nut skin;
(3) Removing the sunshade net until the beginning of 1 month in the second year, trimming the winter tips, and applying the pre-flower fertilizer for 2 times every 15d after trimming; spraying water-soluble trace element fertilizer on the leaf surface when applying the pre-flower fertilizer each time; the pre-flower fertilizer is applied every mu: 320g of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 90g of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 250g of decomposed Australia nut peels;
(4) Continuously culturing for 4 months, entering a full bloom stage, collecting macadimia nut pollen in the full bloom stage, cleaning, and mixing the pollen with a retaining liquid according to a solid-liquid ratio of 7:100, uniformly mixing to obtain pollen holding liquid; spraying pollen holding liquid on the flowers, introducing bees to carry out supplementary pollination after the spraying is completed for 14 hours, and starting fruit setting at the bottom of 5 months; the retaining liquid comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 11% sucrose, 0.8% agar, 0.7% propylene glycol alginate, 0.0012% boric acid, 0.0025% CaCl 2 0.0028% KCl, the balance being water make up 100%, pH adjusted to 6.5 with 0.1mol/L NaOH solution;
the bee supplementary pollination is: uniformly placing the Chinese bee colony in an orchard, placing 4 beehives per mu, covering a grass curtain at a height of 35cm above the beehives, and raising the beehives to a distance of 28cm from the ground; supplementing water to bees every day, and feeding nutrient supplementing liquid, wherein each beehive is fed with 250g of nutrient supplementing liquid; the nutrient supplement comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 8% of macadimia nut pollen, 12% of sucrose, 4% of honey, 0.9% of salt, 0.03% of tea tree oil and the balance of water to complement 100%;
(5) And then continuously cultivating the macadimia nut fruit tree according to a conventional cultivation method until the fruit tree enters a fruit harvesting period of 10-11 months, and after harvesting, stably delaying flowering in the flowering period of the macadimia nut of the next year according to a conventional management method of the macadimia nut.
Example 4
An efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of macadimia nuts, comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting an Australian nut orchard with the combination of early, middle and late maturing and the tree age of more than 3 years, wherein the proportion of the early, middle and late maturing fruit trees is 5%, 80% and 15% in sequence; after the fruit harvesting is completed, a sunshade net is sleeved on the macadimia nut fruit tree at the beginning of 10 months;
(2) Spraying water once every 4 days in 10-12 months, applying the post-harvest fertilizer once every 9 days in each interval, and promoting the growth of the tips, the branches and the leaves; spraying plant hormone once in the middle ten days of 11 months; the plant hormone is a composition prepared by mixing zeatin, mepiquat chloride and brassin lactone according to a mass ratio of 3:1:1.2, and is diluted 950 times for use;
the postharvest fertilizer is applied every mu: 980g urea, 270g nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 16kg decomposed manure and 14g decomposed Australian nut skin;
(3) Removing the sunshade net until the beginning of 1 month in the second year, trimming the winter tips, and applying the pre-flower fertilizer for 3 times at intervals of 14d after trimming; spraying water-soluble trace element fertilizer on the leaf surface when applying the pre-flower fertilizer each time; the pre-flower fertilizer is applied every mu: 320g of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 90g of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 260g of decomposed Australian nut peels;
(4) Continuously culturing until the period of 5 months up to the full bloom stage, collecting the pollen of the macadimia nut in the full bloom stage, cleaning, and mixing the pollen with a retaining liquid according to a solid-liquid ratio of 3:100, uniformly mixing to obtain pollen holding liquid; spraying pollen holding liquid on the flowers, introducing bees to carry out supplementary pollination after the spraying is completed for 13 hours, and starting fruit setting at the bottom of 5 months; the retaining liquid comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 11% sucrose, 1% agar, 0.6% propylene glycol alginate, 0.0013% boric acid, 0.0024% CaCl 2 0.0027% KCl, the balance being water make up 100%, pH is adjusted to 7.0 with 0.1mol/L NaOH solution;
the bee supplementary pollination is: uniformly placing the Chinese bee colony in an orchard, placing 4 beehives per mu, covering a grass curtain at a height of 32cm above the beehives, and raising the beehives to a distance of 28cm from the ground; supplementing water to bees every day, and feeding nutrient supplementing liquid, wherein each beehive is fed with 270g of nutrient supplementing liquid; the nutrient supplement comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 6% of macadimia nut pollen, 14% of sucrose, 4% of honey, 0.9% of salt, 0.03% of tea tree oil and the balance of water to complement 100%;
(5) And then continuously cultivating the macadimia nut fruit tree according to a conventional cultivation method until the fruit tree enters a fruit harvesting period of 10-11 months, and after harvesting, stably delaying flowering in the flowering period of the macadimia nut of the next year according to a conventional management method of the macadimia nut.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 2 is that steps (1) - (3) are planting macadamia nuts according to a conventional management method, namely, 10 months, spraying water every 3-5 days, applying the post-harvest fertilizer every 7-10 days, and reducing the fertilizer water consumption to 70% in example 2; pruning in the middle of 11 months, applying the pre-flower fertilizer for 1 time, and reducing the fertilizer water consumption to 70% in the embodiment 2; and (4) and (5) are consistent.
Comparative example 2
Consistent with steps (1) - (3) of example 2; the difference is that the agar content in the pollen holding liquid in the step (4) is 3 percent, and the pollen holding liquid does not contain propylene glycol alginate; the nutrient supplement does not contain tea tree oil, and macadamia nut pollen is replaced by miscellaneous pollen.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 2 is that the pollination in step (4) is self-pollination.
Macadamia nuts were grown according to the protocols of examples 2-4, comparative example 1, and comparative example 2, and actual data for each period was recorded in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Flowering period | Fruit setting rate | |
| Example 1 | 4 months-5 months of age | 67.33％ |
| Example 2 | At the end of 4 months | 67.85％ |
| Example 3 | 4 months-5 months of age | 66.91％ |
| Example 4 | 4 months-5 months of age | 68.47％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 2 months at the end to 3 months at the end | 32.15％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 3 months-4 months old | 24.16％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 3 months-4 months old | 3.19％ |
Fruit setting rate (%) = number of single plant fruits/number of pollinated flowers x 100%
As can be seen from table 1, the method of the present invention can delay the flowering period, promote fruit setting, and increase the fruit setting rate of macadimia nuts; the invention is characterized in that pollen holding liquid is sprayed firstly, then bee is used for supplementary pollination, and double measures pollination are adopted to improve the integral pollination efficiency and quality.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of the macadimia nuts is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Selecting an Australian nut orchard, and sleeving a sunshade net on the Australian nut fruit tree at the beginning of 10 months after fruit harvesting is completed;
(2) Spraying water once every 3-5 days for 10-12 months, and applying the post-harvest fertilizer once every 7-10 days to promote the growth of the shoots and the branches and the leaves; spraying plant hormone once in the middle ten days of 11 months;
the plant hormone in the step (2) is a composition prepared by mixing more than two of zeatin, mepiquat chloride and brassinolide, and is diluted by 800-1000 times for use;
(3) Removing sunshade net until the beginning of 1 month of the second year, trimming winter tips, and applying pre-flower fertilizer for 2-3 times at intervals of 12-16d after trimming; spraying water-soluble trace element fertilizer on the leaf surface when applying the pre-flower fertilizer each time;
(4) Continuously culturing until the period from middle and late 4 months to upper 5 months enters the full bloom stage, spraying pollen holding liquid on flowers, introducing bees to carry out supplementary pollination after the spraying is completed for 12-15 hours, and starting fruit setting at the bottom of 5 months;
in the step (4), collecting macadimia nut pollen in a full bloom stage, and cleaning, wherein the pollen and the retaining liquid are mixed according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1-10:100, uniformly mixing to obtain pollen holding liquid;
the retaining liquid comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-12% sucrose, 0.5-1% agar, 0.5-0.8% propylene glycol alginate, 0.001-0.0015% boric acid, 0.002-0.003% CaCl 2 0.0025-0.003% KCl, the balance being water up to 100%, 0.1mol/L NaOH solution is used for regulating the pH value to 6.0-7.0;
(5) And then continuously cultivating the macadimia nut fruit tree according to a conventional cultivation method until the fruit tree enters a fruit harvesting period of 10-11 months, and after harvesting, stably delaying flowering in the flowering period of the macadimia nut of the next year according to a conventional management method of the macadimia nut.
2. The efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying the flowering of macadimia nuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ages of the fruit trees in the macadimia nut orchard are above 3 years.
3. The efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying the flowering of macadimia nuts according to claim 1, wherein the phytohormone in the step (2) is a composition prepared by mixing zeatin, mepiquat chloride and brassinolide according to a mass ratio of 1-4:1:1-2, and the composition is diluted by 800-1000 times for use.
4. The efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying the flowering of macadimia nuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the post-harvest fertilizer of step (2) is applied each time per mu: 900-1000g urea, 200-300g nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 15-15, 15-20kg decomposed manure and 10-15g decomposed Australian nut skin.
5. The efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying the flowering of macadimia nuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-flower fertilizer of step (3) is applied every mu: 300-350g of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 80-100g of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 200-300g of decomposed Australia nut skin.
6. The efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying the flowering of macadimia nuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bee supplementary pollination in the step (4) is: uniformly placing Chinese bee colonies in an orchard, placing 3-5 beehives per mu, adding a grass curtain or a shading net at a height of 30-40cm above the beehives, and raising the beehives to a distance of 25-30cm from the ground; the bees are supplemented with water every day, and are fed with nutrient supplementing liquid, and each beehive is fed with 200-300g of nutrient supplementing liquid.
7. The efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying the flowering of macadimia nuts as claimed in claim 6, wherein the nutrient supplement solution comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5-10% of macadimia nut pollen, 10-15% of sucrose, 3-5% of honey, 0.8-1.0% of salt, 0.02-0.04% of tea tree oil and the balance of water which are added to 100%.
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