CN110012832A - A method of Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit is improved by artificial supplementary pollination - Google Patents
A method of Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit is improved by artificial supplementary pollination Download PDFInfo
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- CN110012832A CN110012832A CN201910327990.2A CN201910327990A CN110012832A CN 110012832 A CN110012832 A CN 110012832A CN 201910327990 A CN201910327990 A CN 201910327990A CN 110012832 A CN110012832 A CN 110012832A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/14—Boron; Compounds thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for improving Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit by artificial supplementary pollination, are made of following steps: 1, uniformly spraying pollination adjuvant to pollen donor tree and Pollon receiver tree with sprayer；2, the inflorescence for gently sweeping the upper full-bloom stage of pollen donor tree along pollen donor tree tree crown or interior thorax with degreasing cotton-wool, makes pollen be stained with degreasing cotton-wool surface；3, with the above-mentioned inflorescence be stained with polliniferous degreasing cotton-wool and gently touch along Pollon receiver tree tree crown or interior thorax the upper full-bloom stage of Pollon receiver tree, contact, which finishes, completes pollination；4, degreasing cotton-wool can Reusability, when degreasing cotton-wool density be greater than 0.20g/cm3New degreasing cotton-wool is needed to change afterwards.The adjuvant that the present invention uses can increase pollen viscosity, makes to acquire pollen and pollination is easier, while also having facilitation to the compatibility and pollen germination of pollen and column cap.The present invention makes Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit improve 15~30%, significantly improves Queensland nut yield, increases Queensland nut planting benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the pollination techniques of agricultural industrial crops, and in particular to one kind improves Australia by artificial supplementary pollination
The method of nut percentage of fertile fruit.
Background technique
Queensland nut (Macadamia spp.) is Proteaceae (Proteaceae) Queensland nut category (Macadamia
F.Muell.) aiphyllium originates in the hylaeion hypotropicum of Queensland ,Australia and New South Wales, but large-scale commercial applications
Changing plantation started from Hawaii also known as macadamia in 1948.Its kernel is rich in a variety of unsaturated fatty acids and needed by human
Amino acid, microelement and vitamin, monounsaturated fatty acids and palmitoleic acid content are also extremely abundant, both direct-edible fruit
Benevolence, and can be processed into high-grade edible oil, long-term consumption helps to reduce blood total cholesterol, prevents artery sclerosis, and it is small to reduce blood
The viscosity of plate reduces the incidence of heart disease, myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases, on the developed countries such as America and Europe, Japan and ground
Area is popular among consumers, referred to as " nut queen ".The consumption figure of China increases in recent years especially rapidly, currently and from now on
In longer period of time, Queensland nut is produced still in the state that supply falls short of demand.
The commercial growth area of Queensland nut is predominantly located at tropical and subtropical zone area, and countries in the world cultivated area size is successively
For China, South Africa, Kenya, Guatemala, the U.S..China's Introduction And Trial since the late 1970s, due to its plantation
Technology is simple, and income is higher, makees than the tradition heat such as rubber tree, banana more resistant to cold, and not with other typical tropical crops and farming
Object strives ground, is very suitable to hot-zone mountain planting, nearly ten years cultivated area rapid growth.
Queensland nut is insect pollination plant, and has part self-incompatibility, this characteristic causes it to pollinate successfully
One of an important factor for rate is low, percentage of fertile fruit is low, yield is not high, is its planting benefit of influence.Often to configure pollinizers in production
Mode increases percentage of fertile fruit, but many orchard pollinizers unreasonable allocations domestic at present lead to these even without configuration pollinizers
The pollination success rate and percentage of fertile fruit in Queensland nut garden are still very low, have seriously affected orchard yield.
Chinese patent literature " a kind of artificial pollination method for macadamia nut " (number of patent application: CN201210262930.5),
" a method of improve Queensland nut hybridization pollination efficiency " (number of patent application: CN201410233516.0), a kind of " Australia heavily fortified point
The method of fruit crossbreeding " (number of patent application: CN201410234111.9) disclose it is a kind of using test tube or pollination tube into
The method of row Queensland nut artificial pollination, but this method is suitable only for small-scale artificial pollination and crossbreeding, even if carrying out
A small amount of pollination work is also required to a large amount of labours；Simultaneously because of no sprinkling pollination adjuvant, pollen is more difficult to be adhered to test tube or awards
On tube cell wall, operating efficiency is less high, and the pollination for being only completed one plant of macadamia just needs time a couple of days, is not used to big face
The artificial supplementary pollination in product Queensland nut garden.It has not yet to see and can be used for increasing using artificial supplementary pollination for large area production
Add the technical report of Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit, therefore increases Australia heavily fortified point using artificial supplementary pollination suitable for large area production
The technology of fruit percentage of fertile fruit has to be developed.
Summary of the invention
Increase the technology vacancy of Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit, the present invention to make up large area production using artificial supplementary pollination
A kind of method improving Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit by artificial supplementary pollination is disclosed, used following steps:
1, sprinkling pollination adjuvant: in annual mid-January to early March, 10:00~15:00 of fair weather, first with spray
Day with fog on the inflorescence of pollen donor tree and Pollon receiver tree whole tree uniformly sprinkling pollination adjuvant, the formula for adjuvant of pollinating
Are as follows: 0.20~0.30% honey, 0.05~0.07% gibberellin, 0.01~0.02% borax, 0.20~0.30% sodium chloride,
Remaining is moisture, and the quantity of every plant of macadamia sprinkling pollination adjuvant is 1.0~1.5L.
2, it picks pollen: the use of 30~35cm of diameter, density being 0.05~0.20g/cm3Degreasing cotton-wool, along pollen supply
Body tree tree crown or interior thorax gently sweep the inflorescence of the upper full-bloom stage of pollen donor tree, and pollen is made to be stained with degreasing cotton-wool surface, every plant of flower
The inflorescence number that powder donor tree picks pollen is 10% or more of whole tree inflorescence sum.
3, it pollinates: gently touching pollen along Pollon receiver tree tree crown or interior thorax with polliniferous degreasing cotton-wool is stained in step 2
The inflorescence of the upper full-bloom stage of receptor tree, the quantity of every plant of Pollon receiver tree pollination inflorescence are 20% or more of whole tree inflorescence sum,
It is stained with polliniferous degreasing cotton-wool by step 2 to touch, contact, which finishes, completes pollination.
4, degreasing cotton-wool used in step 2 and 3 can Reusability, when degreasing cotton-wool density be greater than 0.20g/cm3Afterwards, more
The degreasing cotton-wool renewed.
Further, the mode of pollen and pollination is picked in step 2 and step 3 are as follows: the top of tree is arrived at using ladder, manually
Hand-held degreasing cotton-wool gently sweeps the inflorescence for setting upper full-bloom stage along pollen donor tree and Pollon receiver tree tree crown or interior thorax, or
Degreasing cotton-wool is tied up at the top of pole, pole bottom is held, make degreasing cotton-wool in pollen donor tree and Pollon receiver tree tree crown or
Interior thorax gently sweeps the inflorescence for setting upper full-bloom stage.
Further, the ladder is extension ladder that is stretchable and shortening, length after shortening in 1.5~2.5m, stretch
6~8m of height afterwards；The pole is diameter is 2.5~4.0cm, spread length is 5.0~7.5m, contracted length 1.0
The scalable stainless steel of~2.0m
Pollination adjuvant used in the present invention, contains honey in adjuvant, in honey containing moisture, minerals, protein,
The substances such as carbohydrate, vitamin, amino acid enzyme.Firstly because containing carbohydrate, after having sprayed adjuvant on inflorescence, so that pollen
Viscosity enhancing, using degreasing cotton-wool when acquiring pollen, pollen is easier to adhere on degreasing cotton-wool, and when pollinating, receptor tree
Equally there is honey on inflorescence, so that the pollen on degreasing cotton-wool is easier to adhere on receptor tree inflorescence.Meanwhile it being sprayed on inflorescence
Honey can attract Some Insects for Queensland nut pollination, and Queensland nut is insect pollination plant, it is possible to improve fruit setting
Rate.Gibberellin in adjuvant is the Plant Hormone being widely present, and can stimulate the growth of the Ye Heya of Queensland nut, is promoted
Pollination process and young fruit development improve Queensland nut yield.Sodium chloride and borax soln in adjuvant, can be to self-compatibility
Identification between lower pollen and column cap interferes, and overcomes the self-incompatibility of Queensland nut to a certain extent,
Be conducive to improve percentage of fertile fruit.Adjuvant of the invention can not only increase pollen viscosity, make to acquire pollen and pollination is easier, simultaneously
Also there is facilitation to pollen germination.
This method reduces the physical injury to inflorescence and pollen using the absorbent cotton acquisition pollen of fluffy softness and pollination
Evil, effectively increases percentage of fertile fruit.
The average percentage of fertile fruit in Queensland nut garden can be made to improve 15~30% through the invention, yield increases by 8~10%, and this
Method is easy to operate, and input and output are higher.By taking 40 plants of macadamias as an example, achievable 40 plants of 1 between twenty and fifty labour 1 day
The pollination adjuvant sprinkling of macadamia and degreasing cotton-wool supple-mentary pollination, labor cost are 100 yuan；With after applying the present invention
Percentage of fertile fruit increases by 15%, yield and increases by 8% calculating, by average single plant yield 10kg, 20 yuan of every kg fruit accounting, 40 plants of Queensland nuts
Tree can increase yield 32kg, can increase by 640 yuan of the output value；Removing labor cost is 100 yuan, and 40 plants of macadamias can increase receipts
540 yuan of benefit.
The present invention scalable stainless steel and telescopic ladder used when acquiring pollen and pollination is easy to carry, operation
It is convenient, it is not easy to get rusty, it can Reusability；And scalable stainless steel and telescopic ladder and absorbent cotton are cheap, and are easy to
Purchase.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1, in the orchard that main breed is HAES800 and O.C, in annual early Febuary, 10:00~15 of fair weather:
00, first pollination adjuvant, the formula for adjuvant of pollinating uniformly are sprayed to kind O.C and kind HAES800 tree body with sprayer are as follows:
0.25% honey, 0.05% gibberellin, 0.01% borax, 0.20% sodium chloride, remaining is moisture, every plant of macadamia sprinkling
The quantity of pollination adjuvant is 1.5L.
2, it is bound on the scalable stainless steel pole top that diameter is 3.0cm, spread length 7.5m, contracted length are 1.5m
The fluffy degreasing cotton-wool of spheroidal, degreasing cotton-wool diameter 30cm, density 0.05g/cm3。
3, with above-mentioned degreasing cotton-wool, thorax gently sweeps the inflorescence of full-bloom stage along kind O.C tree body, and pollen is made to be stained with degreasing
Cotton-wool surface, every plant of tree sweep 10% inflorescence of whole tree inflorescence sum.
4, with the above-mentioned inflorescence be stained with polliniferous degreasing cotton-wool thorax along kind HAES800 tree body and gently touch full-bloom stage,
So that 20% inflorescence of kind HAES800 whole tree inflorescence sum is stained with polliniferous degreasing cotton-wool by above-mentioned and is touched, has contacted
Finish and completes pollination.
5, degreasing cotton-wool can Reusability, when degreasing cotton-wool density be greater than 0.20g/cm3The degreasing cotton-wool more renewed afterwards.
6, by this method make kind HAES800 be averaged percentage of fertile fruit improve 20%, yield increase by 8%, significantly improve fruit
Garden planting benefit.
7, this method is easy to operate, input-output ratio is high；Material therefor is cheap, and is easy to buy.
Embodiment 2:
1, in the orchard that main breed is HAES900 and A16, in annual mid-February, 10:00~15 of fair weather:
00, first pollination adjuvant, the formula for adjuvant of pollinating uniformly are sprayed to kind HAES900 and kind A16 tree body with sprayer are as follows:
0.30% honey, 0.07% gibberellin, 0.02% borax, 0.20% sodium chloride, remaining is moisture, every plant of macadamia sprinkling
The quantity of pollination adjuvant is 1.0L.
2, the extension ladder of the height 8m using the length after shortening after 2.5m, stretching reaches tree top, holds spheroidal
Fluffy degreasing cotton-wool, degreasing cotton-wool diameter 35cm, density 0.05g/cm3。
3, the inflorescence for gently sweeping full-bloom stage along kind HAES900 tree body surface with above-mentioned degreasing cotton-wool, is stained with pollen
Degreasing cotton-wool surface, every plant of tree sweep 12% inflorescence of whole tree inflorescence sum.
4, with the above-mentioned inflorescence be stained with polliniferous degreasing cotton-wool thorax along kind A16 tree body and gently touch full-bloom stage, make product
25% inflorescence of kind of A16 whole tree inflorescence sum is stained with polliniferous degreasing cotton-wool and is touched by above-mentioned, contacts to finish and complete
Pollination.
5, degreasing cotton-wool can Reusability, when degreasing cotton-wool density be greater than 0.20g/cm3The degreasing cotton-wool more renewed afterwards.
6, by this method make kind A16 be averaged percentage of fertile fruit improve 30%, yield increase by 10%, significantly improve orchard kind
Plant benefit.
7, this method is easy to operate, input-output ratio is high；Material therefor is cheap, and is easy to buy.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for improving Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit by artificial supplementary pollination, which comprises the steps of:
(1) sprinkling pollination adjuvant: in annual mid-January to early March, 10:00~15:00 of fair weather is first given with sprayer
Pollen donor tree and the upper uniformly sprinkling pollination adjuvant of Pollon receiver tree, every plant of Queensland nut pollen donor tree and Pollon receiver tree
The quantity of sprinkling pollination adjuvant is 1.0~1.5L；
(2) it picks pollen: the use of 30~35cm of diameter, density being 0.05~0.20g/cm3Degreasing cotton-wool, along pollen donor tree
Tree crown or interior thorax gently sweep the inflorescence of the upper full-bloom stage of pollen donor tree, and pollen is made to be stained with degreasing cotton-wool surface, and every plant of pollen supplies
The inflorescence number that body tree picks pollen is 10% or more of whole tree inflorescence sum；
(3) pollinate: be stained in step (2) polliniferous degreasing cotton-wool along Pollon receiver tree tree crown or interior thorax gently touch pollen by
The inflorescence of the upper full-bloom stage of body tree, the quantity of every plant of Pollon receiver tree pollination inflorescence are 20% or more of whole tree inflorescence sum, quilt
Step (2) is stained with polliniferous degreasing cotton-wool and is touched, and contact, which finishes, completes pollination；
(4) degreasing cotton-wool used in step (2) and (3) can Reusability, when degreasing cotton-wool density is greater than 0.20g/cm3Afterwards, more
The degreasing cotton-wool renewed.
2. a kind of method for improving Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit by artificial supplementary pollination according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the formula for adjuvant of pollinating described in step (1) are as follows: 0.20~0.30% honey, 0.05~0.07% gibberellin, 0.01~
0.02% borax, 0.20~0.30% sodium chloride, remaining is moisture.
3. a kind of method for improving Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit by artificial supplementary pollination according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the mode of pollen and pollination is picked in step (2) and step (3) are as follows: the top of tree, man-hour manually hand-held degreasing are arrived at using ladder
Cotton-wool, gently sweeps the inflorescence for setting upper full-bloom stage along pollen donor tree and Pollon receiver tree tree crown or interior thorax, or by absorbent cotton
Group ties up at the top of pole, holds pole bottom, make degreasing cotton-wool pollen donor tree and Pollon receiver tree tree crown or interior thorax gently
Sweep the inflorescence for setting upper full-bloom stage.
4. a kind of method for improving Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit by artificial supplementary pollination according to claim 4, feature exist
In: the ladder is extension ladder that is stretchable and shortening, height 6~8m of the length after 1.5~2.5m, stretching after shortening.
5. a kind of method for improving Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit by artificial supplementary pollination according to claim 4, feature exist
In: the pole be diameter is 2.5~4.0cm, spread length is 5.0~7.5m, contracted length is stretching for 1.0~2.0m
Contracting stainless steel.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN110432062A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-12 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of method of Queensland nut supple-mentary pollination |
| CN113197006A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-03 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of macadamia nut |
| CN113854146A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2021-12-31 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Macadamia nut flowering phase regulation and hybrid pollination method |
| CN115568417A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-01-06 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Macadamia nut liquid spray pollination method |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN110432062A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-12 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of method of Queensland nut supple-mentary pollination |
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| CN113197006A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-03 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of macadamia nut |
| CN113197006B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-06-20 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Efficient pollination cultivation method for delaying flowering of macadimia nuts |
| CN113854146A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2021-12-31 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Macadamia nut flowering phase regulation and hybrid pollination method |
| CN115568417A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-01-06 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Macadamia nut liquid spray pollination method |
| CN115568417B (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-09-05 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Liquid spray pollination method for macadimia nuts |
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