CN105519401B - The method for improving Nujiang camellia seed yield using apis cerana - Google Patents
The method for improving Nujiang camellia seed yield using apis cerana Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105519401B CN105519401B CN201610042400.8A CN201610042400A CN105519401B CN 105519401 B CN105519401 B CN 105519401B CN 201610042400 A CN201610042400 A CN 201610042400A CN 105519401 B CN105519401 B CN 105519401B
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- Prior art keywords
- nujiang
- camellia
- apis cerana
- standing forest
- pollination
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- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 241000256846 Apis cerana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000209507 Camellia Species 0.000 claims description 6
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000003152 Rhus chinensis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014220 Rhus chinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008130 triterpenoid saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000256836 Apis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001343471 Camellia saluenensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for improving Nujiang camellia seed yield using apis cerana, this method is artificial promotion or introduces apis cerana, is pollinated between the flower of Nujiang camellia tree using honeybee, gathering honey, and pollination rate is improved, and promotion makes Nujiang camellia seed get bumper crops；Specifically include: (1) the Nujiang camellia nature standing forest or artificial stand of selection relatively in flakes cultivates camellia tree body；(2) by manually mediating, the population of apis cerana is introduced, establishes bee colony, and cultivate；(3) beehive is placed；(4) nectariferous plant that breeding Various Seasonal is bloomed；(5) annual pollination in 2~March, 4~May foster fertilising primary Nujiang camellia；(6) in due course fruit picking mid-September, after sunning, seed is taken.The advantage of the invention is that the time is short quick, the utilization to the wild Nujiang camellia standing forest of large area is realized, and oil production can be increased substantially while harvesting honey.Construction suitable for wild Nujiang camellia stand conversion and artificial fast-growing andhigh-yeilding trees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to forestry more particularly to the cultivations of Camellia Plants, furthermore, are related to improving camellia seed yield
Method.
Background technique
Nujiang camellia (Camellia saluenensis Stapf ex Bean(1933)) be also referred to as Nujiang Camellia or
The peaceful short column tea of prestige, be distributed across southwest Theaceae (Theaceae) Camellia (camellia) plant, it is the one of oil tea
Kind.The kernel of Nujiang camellia seeds is rich in unsaturated fatty acid, is high-grade edible oil and fat.With the squeezing production of Nujiang camellia seed
Camellia seed oil, it is upper closely similar in fatty acid composition with olive oil, it is known as " east olive oil ", the top grade recommended for the United Nations
Edible oil.Nujiang camellia is spring flower type oil tea, and Natural Population is mainly distributed on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the river Xihai sea and pulls out 1800~2600 meters
Area.In recent years, Guizhou investigation discovery, in counties such as the peaceful, Hezhangs of prestige on the west of Guizhou Province plateau, Nujiang resource of Camellia is abundant, divides naturally
Cloth area is more than 20000hm2, but Natural seed setting rate is relatively low, and yield is undesirable always, long-term unutilized.Nujiang camellia
For entomophilous flower, self-sterility, solid dependence pollinator.Nujiang camellia begins flower November, and full-bloom stage was at next year 2 months, Flowers ending 3
At the end of month, during this, the west of Guizhou Province plateau temperature is lower, and luffing is big, and insect activity is less, causes the pollination of Nujiang camellia difficult.
Apis cerana (Apis cerana), also known as Chinese bee, middle bee, scoliid, one of Apidae Apis Eastern bee
Subspecies.It is the exclusive honeybee govern-house-variety of China, is the main pollination elder brother of the forest community and traditional agriculture based on weedtree tree
Worm, has using fragmentary nectariferous plant, acquisition power is strong, utilization rate is higher, honey harvest is long and adaptability, anti-mite disease resistance are strong, disappears
The advantages that feed is few is consumed, mountain area fixed point raising is very suitable to.Apis cerana body body is smaller, cephalothorax black, and abdomen yellow black has
Yellowish-brown villus.
In Chinese patent database, the patent application for being related to camellia seed is the technical solution of camellia seed processing and utilization,
Such as No. 2006100545348 " livestock and birds raising product camellia seed triterpenoid saponin additive high purity original powder preparation method ",
No. ZL2011104357391 " a kind of green feed additive of the triterpenoid saponin containing camellia seed ", No. 2013104121443 " one kind
Camellia seed protein peptides and preparation method thereof and its application " and a kind of No. 2015103625930 " novel camellia seed oil microscapsule powders
And preparation method thereof " etc., but so far, it there is no and improve pollination rate using introduction insect vector to improve the Shen of camellia seed yield
It please part.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide the method for improving Nujiang camellia seed yield using apis cerana, by manually promoting or introducing
Insect vector apis cerana, increases substantially pollination rate, so that Nujiang camellia seed be made to get bumper crops.
For inventor by research, discovery apis cerana is the main Pollinating Insect of Nujiang camellia.Therefore the method for offer is
It is artificial to promote or introduce apis cerana, it is pollinated between the flower of Nujiang camellia tree using honeybee, gathering honey, improves pollination rate, promote to make
Nujiang camellia high yield；Specific method includes:
(1) the Nujiang camellia nature standing forest or artificial stand of selection relatively in flakes, foster applying according to standing forest situation
Fertilizer, surgeries miscellaneous filling, and Pruning and rectifying promotes trunk infusion growth, increases the pumping tip quantity of young sprout, promotes bud differentiation;
(2) by manually mediating, the population of apis cerana is introduced, the pollination bee colony of Nujiang camellia is established, and is used
Apis cerana is used in movable-frame hive cultural method or traditional cultural method cultivation pollination；
(3) the beehive quantity of pollination honeybee is placed according to Nujiang camellia standing forest size and distribution situation, is centrally placed
Or near the Nujiang camellia standing forest that is placed at the Around the house or hidding and sunny side of stockaded village；
(4) near the camellia standing forest of Nujiang, some nectariferous plants to bloom in Various Seasonal of appropriateness breeding are awarded with ensureing
The nectar source of powder honeybee maintains the procreation of its population；
(5) apis cerana pollinates in annual 2~March, fosters fertilising primary Nujiang camellia 4~May；
(6) in due course fruit picking mid-September, after sunning, seed is taken.
The fertilizer that fertilising is fostered described in (1) of the above method is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
Cultivation pollination described in (2) of the above method is carried out with apis cerana using standard beehive, using movable-frame hive
Cultural method presses every 0.67hm2(1 mus) Nujiang camellia standing forest configuration 1 case (bucket)；Every 0.67hm2(1 is pressed using traditional cultural method
Mu) Nujiang camellia standing forest configuration 2 casees (bucket).
The placement of beehive described in (3) of above method condition is that the linear distance between beehive and Nujiang camellia standing forest is usual
For 1~2km, farthest it is no more than 5km.
Nectariferous plant described in (4) of the above method includes one or more of pears, apple, Chinese sumac.
The mode that fertilising is fostered described in (5) of the above method is to apply mode using ring, and every plant is applied nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 300
~800g.
The control of sunning time described in (6) of the above method was at 5~7 days.
The advantage of the invention is that the time is short quick, the utilization to the wild Nujiang camellia standing forest of large area is realized, and
It is 667m2(1 mus every) oil production can be increased substantially to 30~40kg, while every 667m2 can harvest 20~30kg of honey.This
Invention is suitable for the wild Nujiang camellia stand conversion in the region 1800~2500m of height above sea level and the construction of artificial fast-growing andhigh-yeilding trees.
Specific embodiment
On the plateau of the west of Guizhou Province height above sea level 2200m, Nujiang camellia standing forest 6 in flakes, total 12hm2 are selected.First Year, January
It configures 21 case of apis cerana (bucket), the linear distance 1.5km between beehive and Nujiang camellia standing forest.Carry out standing forest 9~November
Cleaning transformation, surgeries miscellaneous filling, carries out Pruning and rectifying；2~March of second year, honeybee start to pollinate；Foster fertilising 1 4~May
Secondary, every plant of ring applies nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 500g, and by dividing the modes such as group, introducing, pollination honeybee is expanded to 37 barrels, September
The middle ten days in due course fruit picking dries 7 days, receives 320 ㎏ of Nujiang camellia fruit/667m2 altogether, rolls over oil 15.8 ㎏/667m2, take honey 20 ㎏/case.
It breeds near the camellia standing forest of Nujiang some pears, apple, Chinese sumac etc.；2~the March in third year, honeybee pollination, 4~May comfort
Primary, the every Zhu Huanshi compound fertilizer 700g that applies nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is educated, in due course fruit picking mid-September dries 7 days, receives Nujiang camellia altogether
706 ㎏ of fruit/667m2 roll over oil 35.3 ㎏/667m2, take honey 17 ㎏/case.
Claims (1)
1. the method for improving Nujiang camellia seed yield using apis cerana, it is characterised in that introduce apis cerana, utilize Chinese honey
Bee pollinates between the flower of Nujiang camellia tree, gathering honey, improves pollination rate, and promotion makes Nujiang camellia get bumper crops；Specific method includes:
On the plateau of height above sea level 2200m, Nujiang camellia standing forest 6 in flakes, total 12hm2 are selected；
First Year configures 21 case of apis cerana January, the linear distance 1.5km between beehive and Nujiang camellia standing forest；9~11
Month, standing forest cleaning transformation is carried out, miscellaneous filling is surgeried, carries out Pruning and rectifying, promotes trunk infusion growth, increases the pumping tip number of young sprout
Amount promotes bud differentiation；
2~March of second year, apis cerana start to pollinate；Foster fertilising primary 4~May, every plant of ring applies nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer
500g, and by dividing group or incorporation way, pollination apis cerana is expanded to 37 casees, fruit picking mid-September dries 7 days；In Nujiang
Camellia standing forest is nearby bred some pears, apple or Chinese sumac；
2~the March in third year, apis cerana pollination, 4~May foster primary, the every Zhu Huanshi compound fertilizer that applies nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer
700g, fruit picking mid-September dry 7 days.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610042400.8A CN105519401B (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2016-01-22 | The method for improving Nujiang camellia seed yield using apis cerana |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610042400.8A CN105519401B (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2016-01-22 | The method for improving Nujiang camellia seed yield using apis cerana |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105519401A CN105519401A (en) | 2016-04-27 |
| CN105519401B true CN105519401B (en) | 2019-02-22 |
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| CN201610042400.8A Expired - Fee Related CN105519401B (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2016-01-22 | The method for improving Nujiang camellia seed yield using apis cerana |
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| CN111683522B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2021-11-30 | 坂田种苗株式会社 | Method for producing seed of Lactuca plant using wasp of genus Cerebrophora |
| CN115443844B (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2023-12-22 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | Non-cultivated area management method suitable for mechanized cultivation of oil tea |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
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| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Qiu Jiansheng Inventor after: Xu Jie Inventor before: Qiu Jiansheng |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20190222 |