CN104081975A - Method for interplanting vernalized fresh vicia faba with young fruit trees - Google Patents
Method for interplanting vernalized fresh vicia faba with young fruit trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN104081975A CN104081975A CN201410305845.1A CN201410305845A CN104081975A CN 104081975 A CN104081975 A CN 104081975A CN 201410305845 A CN201410305845 A CN 201410305845A CN 104081975 A CN104081975 A CN 104081975A
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Abstract
A method for interplanting vernalized fresh vicia faba with young fruit trees includes the steps of performing artificial vernalization on vicia faba seeds, performing interplanting, sowing the seeds in good time, and performing field management and harvest. The interplanting method includes the steps that the vicia faba seeds are subjected to vernalization in advance so as to make the fruiting period of fresh vicia faba reach early; relay intercropping is performed in good time so that fresh broad beans can come into the market in good time, the economic benefits of orchard workers are improved, and blossoming and fruit bearing of the fruit trees are not influenced; meanwhile, the nitrogen fixation characteristics and advantages of rhizobia of legumes can be given full play to, and not only is soil fertility increased, but also running weeds are inhibited. Besides, the economic benefits can be improved, simplification of production in the fruit industry is broken through, the space utilization rate is improved, growth of the fruit trees is simulated, and the income is increased. The broad beans can come into the market before the end of March, the benefits per mu can exceed ten thousand RMB. The method is easy and convenient to operate and suitable for serving as an orchard interplanting mode, a base, or farmer households or a scientific research unit are willing to accept the mode, and the method has very good popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop cultivating technology, particularly a kind of facility children fruit tree in age interplanting vernalization is eaten the implantation methods of broad bean raw.
Background technology
Along with the reasonable regulations of rural economic structure and crop mix, living standards of the people increase substantially, and have promoted the fast development of Jiangsu Province's fruit tree industry.Producing due to the facility such as booth, greenhouse by solar heat is high in technological content, a technology-intensive industry, and our province facilities horticulture plantation is in recent years a dark horse, and becomes high-efficiency agriculture, the agriculture important content of exporting goods and earning foreign currency.
Generally the phase of bearing fruit of fruit tree is taken 2-3, peasant's income then does not almost have, peach initial planting individuality is less than normal on the one hand in addition, density is rare, a lot of light temperature resources are wasted, therefore find suitable young age facility peach and the interplanting culture techniques of other crops seem more and more important.Broad bean (Vicia fabaL.), has another name called lima bean, Buddhist beans, broad bean etc., is the main Food Legume crop of China.Eating broad bean raw develops very fast, particularly rapid at THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY regional development as a kind of private type of broad bean at Yunnan Province of China, Jiangsu, Shanghai, zhejiang and other places.
Jiangsu is the main production province that China eats broad bean raw, and cultivated area occupies the whole nation the 3rd, and broad bean area is planted in 120,000 hectares of left and right throughout the year, wherein eats broad bean area raw and exceedes 40,000 hectares, accounts for 1/3rd of broad bean area.Our province is eaten broad bean plantation raw and sells each tool advantage with contiguous Zhejiang, Fujian.Zhejiang, the natural climatic superiority in Fujian, the fresh pod broad bean product of production goes on the market early than our province, is generally directly used in the fresh pod in market and sells, and price is high, economic benefits are comparatively considerable.The fresh pod broad bean listing of our province is slower, not as good as Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan listing early, is difficult to seize in advance market, and price is also relatively low, can only become the cheap raw material base of processing enterprise.
In normal outdoor cropping situation, only there is the fresh pod picking time about 7 days Jiangsu Province in late May, owing to concentrating the listing of gathering, on the low side, and average 1 yuan/kilogram, plantation 500 yuan of left and right of mu benefit, family.Yangtze River Delta Area was eaten broad bean raw and was mainly derived from Zhejiang, Fujian April, though quality relative deviation but still is liked by old hundred property, price 10-20 unit/kilogram, if any local broad bean listing, mu benefit can 3000-5000 unit; As eaten broad bean listing raw in New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, price will be higher, listing before by the end of March, and mu benefit can surpass ten thousand yuan.
Therefore provide a kind of facility children fruit tree in age interplanting vernalization to eat the implantation methods of broad bean raw, in promoting growth, improve income and just seem particularly necessary.
Summary of the invention
The problem existing for solving above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of facility children fruit tree in age interplanting vernalization to eat the implantation methods of broad bean raw, utilize the protected fruit trees early growth phase longer, individual less than normal, density is rare, a large amount of light temperature wastings of resources, and that vernalization is eaten broad bean raw is short breeding time, high efficiency, do not strive ground with peach, the two is in conjunction with interplanting, can also rhizobium fixed nitrogen, and be agricultural produce and increasing peasant income service.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
Facility children fruit tree in age interplanting vernalization is eaten an implantation methods for broad bean raw, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the artificial vernalization of Broad Bean Seeds: choose 500 times of immersion kinds of Broad Bean Seeds of the same size 50% carbendazim 2 hours, seed is cleaned, clear water soaks after fully water suction, evenly point carries out vernalization in bottom is covered with the seedling-cultivating tray of blotting paper, after sprouting, move on in the artificial breeding case of 0-15 DEG C of temperature section, 12h illumination/12h dark, place 20 days, carry out artificial vernalization;
Step 2, begin sowing in good time: Broad Bean Seeds after treatment is seeded under facility condition in children fruit tree in age garden to every mu of Transplanting Density 3000 strains September;
Step 3, field management: sow appropriate to the occasion covering with plastic film, when temperature is lower than 3 DEG C in the winter time, set up little shed; All enrich fertilizer in the sprouting of broad bean, growth stage and the pod bearing period of blooming, and carry out insect protected diseases prevention processing;
Step 4, Second Year were plucked and are eaten broad bean listing raw about February, and stalk is with regard to buried blue or green culture fertility.
Further, in described step 2, if maximum temperature, higher than 25 DEG C, need be set up sunshade net while sowing.
Further, in described step 2, fruit tree is, any in peach, apricot, Lee, apple, pears.
Further, in described step 2, children fruit tree in age refers to first or the fruit tree that not yet bears fruit of Second Year.
Further, in described step 3, under facility condition, described diseases prevention processing refers to the keypoint control to broad bean gray mold and virus disease.
Further, in described step 3, the method for preventing and treating of described broad bean gray mold is: their early stage can spray following medicament: 600～800 times of liquid of the mould prestige wetting powder of 60% thiophanate-methyl second; 50% 1000～1500 times of vinclozolin wetting powders liquid; 800～1000 times of liquid of 40% phonetic mould amine suspending agent; 50% 1500～2000 times of iprodione wettable powders liquid; Every spray in 10 days 1 time, continuous 2～3 times.
Further, in described step 3, the method for preventing and treating of favism viral disease is: enhance field management (1), clean rural area, uproot weeds, minimizing cause of disease, and diseased plant is pulled out early in discovery; (2) do a good job of it anti-aphid control disease, in broad bean seedling stage and strain flowering stage, should spray respectively 2000 times of liquid of 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, or 10% Imidacloprid can 800 times of liquid of wet-milling 1～2 time; (3) spray leaf nutritive agent and add black soap or common laundry soap (0.05%～0.1%), contribute to passivation poison source, short plant strain growth.
Further, in described step 3, in field management, under facility condition, for preventing that broad bean from emitting high excessive growth, need take manually to pinch and chemical agent control: when the bottom beginning, pod length reached 1-2cm, extract the top heart at fine day, or use the hormone of controlling plant height, as help strong element, mepiquat chloride.
With respect to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: Broad Bean Seeds is shifted to an earlier date vernalization by the method, can make fresh broad bean do sth. in advance breeding time; Interplanting in good time, needs the time of listing in the last ten-days period in may with respect to Jiangsu Province's broad bean, can make fresh broad bean go on the market to February ahead of time in good time, improves orchard worker's economic benefit, does not also affect fruit tree and yields positive results simultaneously; Improve the ecological environment: orchard interplanting can form the ecosystem of a water, fertilizer, gas, heat coordination.Can give full play to the characteristics and advantages of legume crop rhizobium fixed nitrogen, the soil fertility of not only having fostered and apply fertilizer but also suppressed weedy simultaneously.Increase economic efficiency: break the unification that fruit industry is produced, improve space availability ratio.Promote fruit tree growth, improve and drop into.Before by the end of March, eat broad bean listing raw, mu benefit can surpass ten thousand yuan.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention program is described in further detail,
Facility children fruit tree in age interplanting vernalization is eaten an implantation methods for broad bean raw, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the artificial vernalization of Broad Bean Seeds: choose 500 times of immersion kinds of Broad Bean Seeds of the same size 50% carbendazim 2 hours, seed is cleaned, clear water soaks after fully water suction, evenly point carries out vernalization in bottom is covered with the seedling-cultivating tray of blotting paper, after sprouting, move on in the artificial breeding case of 0-15 DEG C of temperature section, 12h illumination/12h dark, place 20 days, carry out artificial vernalization;
Step 2, begin sowing in good time: Broad Bean Seeds after treatment is seeded under facility condition in children fruit tree in age garden to every mu of Transplanting Density 3000 strains September; If maximum temperature, higher than 25 DEG C, need be set up sunshade net when sowing.Fruit tree is, any in peach, apricot, Lee, apple, pears.Children fruit tree in age refers to first or the fruit tree that not yet bears fruit of Second Year.
Step 3, field management: sow appropriate to the occasion covering with plastic film, when temperature is lower than 3 DEG C in the winter time, set up little shed; All enrich fertilizer in the sprouting of broad bean, growth stage and the pod bearing period of blooming, and carry out insect protected diseases prevention processing;
Step 4, Second Year were plucked and are eaten broad bean listing raw about February, and stalk is with regard to buried blue or green culture fertility.
Further, in described step 3, under facility condition, described diseases prevention processing refers to the keypoint control to broad bean gray mold and virus disease.
Further, in described step 3, the method for preventing and treating of described broad bean gray mold is: their early stage can spray following medicament: 600～800 times of liquid of the mould prestige wetting powder of 60% thiophanate-methyl second; 50% 1000～1500 times of vinclozolin wetting powders liquid; 800～1000 times of liquid of 40% phonetic mould amine suspending agent; 50% 1500～2000 times of iprodione wettable powders liquid; Every spray in 10 days 1 time, continuous 2～3 times.
Further, in described step 3, the method for preventing and treating of favism viral disease is: enhance field management (1), clean rural area, uproot weeds, minimizing cause of disease, and diseased plant is pulled out early in discovery; (2) do a good job of it anti-aphid control disease, in broad bean seedling stage and strain flowering stage, should spray respectively 2000 times of liquid of 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, or 10% Imidacloprid can 800 times of liquid of wet-milling 1～2 time; (3) spray leaf nutritive agent and add black soap or common laundry soap (0.05%～0.1%), contribute to passivation poison source, short plant strain growth.
Further, in described step 3, in field management, under facility condition, for preventing that broad bean from emitting high excessive growth, need take manually to pinch and chemical agent control: when the bottom beginning, pod length reached 1-2cm, extract the top heart at fine day, or use the hormone of controlling plant height, as help strong element, mepiquat chloride.
Broad Bean Seeds is shifted to an earlier date vernalization by this method, can make fresh broad bean do sth. in advance breeding time; Interplanting in good time can make fresh broad bean go on the market in good time, improves orchard worker's economic benefit, does not also affect fruit tree and yields positive results simultaneously; Improve the ecological environment: orchard interplanting can form the ecosystem of a water, fertilizer, gas, heat coordination.Can give full play to the characteristics and advantages of legume crop rhizobium fixed nitrogen, the soil fertility of not only having fostered and apply fertilizer but also suppressed weedy simultaneously.Increase economic efficiency: break the unification that fruit industry is produced, improve space availability ratio.Promote fruit tree growth, improve and drop into.In normal outdoor cropping situation, only there is the fresh pod picking time about 7 days Jiangsu Province in late May, owing to concentrating the listing of gathering, on the low side, and average 1 yuan/kilogram, plantation 500 yuan of left and right of mu benefit, family.And Yangtze River Delta Area was eaten broad bean raw and was mainly derived from Zhejiang, Fujian April, though quality relative deviation, but still liked by old hundred property, price 10-20 unit/kilogram, the inventive method can make the local broad bean in Jiangsu in February listing ahead of time, and mu benefit can 3000-5000 unit; As eaten broad bean listing raw in New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, price will be higher, listing before by the end of March, and mu benefit can surpass ten thousand yuan.Rationally utilize orchard resource, for orchard worker brings higher economic benefit, be suitable for large application scope simultaneously.
The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, and any variation of expecting without creative work or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain that claims were limited.
Claims (8)
1. facility children fruit tree in age interplanting vernalization is eaten an implantation methods for broad bean raw, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the artificial vernalization of Broad Bean Seeds: choose 500 times of immersion kinds of Broad Bean Seeds of the same size 50% carbendazim 2 hours, seed is cleaned, clear water soaks after fully water suction, evenly point carries out vernalization in bottom is covered with the seedling-cultivating tray of blotting paper, after sprouting, move on in the artificial breeding case of 0-15 DEG C of temperature section, 12h illumination/12h dark, place 20 days, carry out artificial vernalization;
Step 2, begin sowing in good time: Broad Bean Seeds after treatment is seeded under facility condition in children fruit tree in age garden to every mu of Transplanting Density 3000 strains September;
Step 3, field management: sow appropriate to the occasion covering with plastic film, when temperature is lower than 3 DEG C in the winter time, set up little shed; All enrich fertilizer in the sprouting of broad bean, growth stage and the pod bearing period of blooming, and carry out insect protected diseases prevention processing;
Step 4, Second Year were plucked and are eaten broad bean listing raw about February, and stalk is with regard to buried blue or green culture fertility.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 2, if maximum temperature, higher than 25 DEG C, need be set up sunshade net while sowing.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 2, fruit tree is, any in peach, apricot, Lee, apple, pears.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 2, children fruit tree in age refers to first or the fruit tree that not yet bears fruit of Second Year.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 3, under facility condition, described diseases prevention processing refers to the keypoint control to broad bean downy mildew and virus disease.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, the method of preventing and treating of described broad bean downy mildew is: (1) cleans rural area, invalid body is concentrated and is burnt, plough in time soil, (2) chemical control: with 35% metalaxyl seed dressing, dress seed with 0.3% of grain weight; Their early stage start to spray 1:1:200 times of formula bordeaux mixture or 500 times of liquid of 90% phosethyl-Al wetting powder, 500 times of liquid of 60% amber fosetyl aluminium wetting powder, 72% gram reveal or 800～1000 times of liquid of 72% cymoxanil mancozeb (gram anti-spirit) wetting powder, the area that above-mentioned bactericide is developed immunity to drugs can be used 69% Acrobat MZ wetting powder or 1000 times of liquid of water dispersible granules instead,, prevent and treat 1 time or 2 times every about 10 days for 1 time.
7. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step 3, the method for preventing and treating of favism viral disease is: enhance field management (1), clean rural area, uproot weeds, minimizing cause of disease, and diseased plant is pulled out early in discovery; (2) do a good job of it anti-aphid control disease, in broad bean seedling stage and strain flowering stage, should spray respectively 2000 times of liquid of 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, or 10% Imidacloprid can 800 times of liquid of wet-milling 1～2 time; (3) spray leaf nutritive agent and add black soap or common laundry soap (0.05%～0.1%), contribute to passivation poison source, short plant strain growth.
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, in field management, under facility condition, for preventing that broad bean from emitting high excessive growth, need take manually to pinch and chemical agent control: when the bottom beginning, pod length reached 1-2cm, extract the top heart at fine day, or use the hormone of controlling plant height, as help strong element, mepiquat chloride.
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| CN104429542A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Sub-erect type pea early mature promotion method through combined processing of LED light sources and temperature |
| CN106305090A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Single-shed vernalization early-mature high-efficiency planting method of broad beans |
| CN107371758A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-11-24 | 武东鸿 | Arid and semi-arid area transition silos broad bean implantation methods |
| CN107950123A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-04-24 | 镇江宝成生物科技有限公司 | A kind of control method of rape pest and disease damage |
| CN108782092A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-13 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of intercropping culture method of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104429542A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Sub-erect type pea early mature promotion method through combined processing of LED light sources and temperature |
| CN106305090A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Single-shed vernalization early-mature high-efficiency planting method of broad beans |
| CN107371758A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-11-24 | 武东鸿 | Arid and semi-arid area transition silos broad bean implantation methods |
| CN107950123A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-04-24 | 镇江宝成生物科技有限公司 | A kind of control method of rape pest and disease damage |
| CN108782092A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-13 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of intercropping culture method of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle |
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Application publication date: 20141008 |