CN108782092A - A kind of intercropping culture method of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle - Google Patents
A kind of intercropping culture method of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle Download PDFInfo
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- CN108782092A CN108782092A CN201810493743.5A CN201810493743A CN108782092A CN 108782092 A CN108782092 A CN 108782092A CN 201810493743 A CN201810493743 A CN 201810493743A CN 108782092 A CN108782092 A CN 108782092A
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- broad bean
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- intercropping
- continuous cropping
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of intercropping culture methods of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle in broad bean technical field of cultivation, by the usage amount for rationally increasing phosphate fertilizer, it can make the root system in later stage broad bean wheat Wheat yield that there is lower bundle trend, Roots of Vicia Faba to increase again, increase therewith the resistance of droop；By before broad bean is sowed, carrying out scientific and reasonable broad bean kind pretreatment, percentage of seedgermination can not only be effectively improved and disease pest harm can be prevented, to effectively improve yield of broad bean；Pass through rational Fababean Intercropping and wheat, on the one hand utilization intensity of the broad bean rhizosphere microorganism to carbon source is significantly improved, inhibit the growth of broad bean pathogenic bacteria, the final generation for alleviating faba bean Fusarium wilt, on the other hand promote crop that nutrient is absorbed and utilized, the variation of host crop physiologically, induction host is caused to generate the resistance to disease, Fababean Intercropping root system, blade physiological activity be significantly higher than nonoculture broad bean, to improve resistance of the broad bean to droop.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to broad bean technical field of cultivation, specific field is a kind of intercropping culture side of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle
Method.
Background technology
In farmland ecosystem, it is continuous cropping barrier to have one of the phenomenon that typical negative impact to soil ecosystem
Hinder, due to land resource shortage, the reasons such as planting habit and experience, environmental condition and economic profit incentive, in same piece of land
The phenomenon that continuously planting same or same section crop i.e. continuous cropping phenomenon is commonplace in China, and continuous cropping obstacle refers to even if just
Also it will appear that crop growth situation, which is deteriorated, pest and disease damage is serious, yield reduces, quality deteriorates shows under normal cultivation management situation
As, the long-term continuous cropping of monocrop, crop growth situation is caused to be deteriorated, disease it is occurred frequently and there is crop yield reduction, quality deteriorates
Soil-sickness Problem, all there is different degrees of Soil-sickness Problem in many industrial crops, gardening plant and Chinese herbal medicine etc., closely
In decades, many scholars start with from multiple subjects such as agrology, crop nutrition, microbiology, cultivations, to vegetables, fruit
The reason of Soil-sickness Problem of the various crops such as tree, Chinese medicine has carried out numerous studies, and Different Crop continuous cropping obstacle occurs is poor
It is very not big, but essentially from soil, researcher to the formation mechenism of continuous cropping obstacle study and has obtained remarkable break-throughs, these
Research be related to soil nutrient wane, soil physical and chemical property variation, soil microflora and diversity variation, soil-borne disease, change
Feel the contents such as suppression harmful bacteria accumulation；
Broad bean is important in the world legume, the features such as because of tool grain, vegetables, feed and green manure dual-purpose, and is adapted to
Property it is wide and there is higher amount of nitrogen fixation, the country worldwide planted is more than 70, and cultivated area is up to 2,600,000 hm2, mesh
Before, Chinese broad bean production area and yield rank the first in the world, and broad bean is typically to avoid succession crop, recently as broad bean
The continuous development of production, the reasons such as planting habit and environmental condition, the continuous cropping obstacle of main producing region are very universal and increasingly tight in addition
Weight, for many years continuous cropping cause disease especially soil-borne disease seriously to occur, and continuous cropping soil-borne disease, which has become, restricts the production of China's broad bean
An important factor for, wherein droop is one of the Major Diseases of broad bean continuous cropping obstacle, and faba bean Fusarium wilt is by broad bean specialized form point spore
Fusarium infection is happened at the entire breeding time of broad bean, causes that blade is withered and yellow, basal part of stem has brown-black scab, the whole strain of severe patient
Withered, main root blackening, cortex rots, fibrous root total necrosis and the death until bean plant is wilted that disappears, droop reduce
The yield and quality of broad bean, seriously constrains the production of broad bean, proposes to make between a kind of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle thus
Cultural method.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of intercropping culture methods of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle, to solve above-mentioned background
The problem of being proposed in technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：A kind of intercropping culture of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle
Method, cultural method include the following steps：
1) site preparation
0~20cm soil horizons on planting site are turned over, are then applied fertilizer, fertilizer and 0~20cm soil horizon soil are made
Earth is uniformly mixed, and fertilizer group becomes 100~110kg/hm of nitrogenous fertilizer2, 150~200kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer2；
2) broad bean kind pre-processes
Remove flat son in broad bean kind, mould son, worm hole, broken son and opposite sex manually first, prior to seeding in 10~15 days,
Selection fine day teds broad bean kind 2~3 days, after tedding, and broad bean kind is fitted into bamboo basket, and it is 50~55 DEG C of temperature to be put into temperature
5~7min is impregnated in water, broad bean kind is pulled out and drains broad bean surface water, blotted broad bean kind surface water using cotton, then will
Broad bean kind and nitragin are put into clear water together dresses seed, and nitragin and broad bean kind mass ratio are 1:40；
3) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein 1 plant of broad bean corresponds to 4 plants of wheats, makees unit between constituting 1, make between each
Strain spacing is 20~25cm in unit, makees for multiple to make cell row between unit composition, make between each unit line space be 25~
30cm；
4) field management
Broad bean kind germinate during to intercropping plant pour, remaining time routinely field management to intercropping plant
Ground is managed, and carrying out nitrogenous fertilizer in broad bean branching stage imposes, and amount of application is 100~110kg/hm2。
Preferably, planting site soil physico-chemical property described in step 1) meets the content of organic matter and is no less than 14g/kg, full nitrogen
Content is no less than 1g/kg, and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is no less than 59mg/kg, and available phosphorus contents are no less than 29mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium content is not
Less than 52mg/kg, pH value 6.5~7.5.
Preferably, the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：A kind of intercropping culture method of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle, by rationally increasing phosphorus
The usage amount of fertilizer can make the root system in later stage broad bean wheat Wheat yield have lower bundle trend, and Roots of Vicia Faba increases again, to droop
Resistance increase therewith；By before broad bean is sowed, carrying out scientific and reasonable broad bean kind pretreatment, kind can not only be effectively improved
Sub- germination percentage and can prevent disease pest harm, to effectively improve yield of broad bean, to broad bean kind ted can sterilizing disease prevention,
Intensify broad bean kind enzymatic activity, while being conducive to seed water suction, using water seed soaking, sterilization functions further are played to broad bean kind,
Nitragin can fix nitrogen in air, can provide sufficient nitrogenous fertilizer for broad bean kind, further increase yield of broad bean；Pass through conjunction
On the one hand the Fababean Intercropping and wheat of reason significantly improve utilization intensity of the broad bean rhizosphere microorganism to carbon source, to significantly drop
Cinnamic acid in low broad bean rhizosphere soil, salicylic acid, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid and vanillic acid contain
Amount, it is suppressed that the growth of broad bean pathogenic bacteria finally alleviates the generation of faba bean Fusarium wilt, on the other hand promotes crop to nutrient
It is absorbed and utilized, the variation of host crop physiologically, induction host is caused to generate the resistance to disease, wheat and broad bean Wheat yield
In, Fababean Intercropping root system, blade physiological activity be significantly higher than nonoculture broad bean, to improve resistance of the broad bean to droop.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that institute
The embodiment of description is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention,
Every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, belongs to this hair
The range of bright protection.
Embodiment 1：
1) site preparation
0~20cm soil horizons on planting site are turned over, are then applied fertilizer, fertilizer and 0~20cm soil horizon soil are made
Earth is uniformly mixed, and fertilizer group becomes nitrogenous fertilizer 100kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer 150kg/hm2；
2) broad bean kind pre-processes
Remove flat son in broad bean kind, mould son, worm hole, broken son and opposite sex manually first, 10 days prior to seeding, selection was fine
It teds broad bean kind 2 days, after tedding, and broad bean kind is fitted into bamboo basket, and it is to impregnate 7min in 50 DEG C of warm water to be put into temperature,
It pulls broad bean kind out to drain broad bean surface water, be blotted broad bean kind surface water using cotton, then by broad bean kind and nitragin
It is put into clear water and dresses seed together, nitragin and broad bean kind mass ratio are 1:40；
3) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein 1 plant of broad bean corresponds to 4 plants of wheats, makees unit between constituting 1, make between each
Strain spacing is 20cm in unit, makees for multiple to make cell row between unit composition, and it is 25cm to make unit line space between each；
4) field management
Broad bean kind germinate during to intercropping plant pour, remaining time routinely field management to intercropping plant
Ground is managed, and carrying out nitrogenous fertilizer in broad bean branching stage imposes, amount of application 100kg/hm2。
Embodiment 2：
1) site preparation
0~20cm soil horizons on planting site are turned over, are then applied fertilizer, fertilizer and 0~20cm soil horizon soil are made
Earth is uniformly mixed, and fertilizer group becomes nitrogenous fertilizer 103kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer 170kg/hm2；
2) broad bean kind pre-processes
Remove flat son in broad bean kind, mould son, worm hole, broken son and opposite sex manually first, 12 days prior to seeding, selection was fine
It teds broad bean kind 2 days, after tedding, and broad bean kind is fitted into bamboo basket, and it is to impregnate 7min in 52 DEG C of warm water to be put into temperature,
It pulls broad bean kind out to drain broad bean surface water, be blotted broad bean kind surface water using cotton, then by broad bean kind and nitragin
It is put into clear water and dresses seed together, nitragin and broad bean kind mass ratio are 1:40；
3) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein 1 plant of broad bean corresponds to 4 plants of wheats, makees unit between constituting 1, make between each
Strain spacing is 22cm in unit, makees for multiple to make cell row between unit composition, and it is 27cm to make unit line space between each；
4) field management
Broad bean kind germinate during to intercropping plant pour, remaining time routinely field management to intercropping plant
Ground is managed, and carrying out nitrogenous fertilizer in broad bean branching stage imposes, amount of application 103kg/hm2。
Embodiment 3：
1) site preparation
0~20cm soil horizons on planting site are turned over, are then applied fertilizer, fertilizer and 0~20cm soil horizon soil are made
Earth is uniformly mixed, and fertilizer group becomes nitrogenous fertilizer 106kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer 190kg/hm2；
2) broad bean kind pre-processes
Remove flat son in broad bean kind, mould son, worm hole, broken son and opposite sex manually first, 14 days prior to seeding, selection was fine
It teds broad bean kind 3 days, after tedding, and broad bean kind is fitted into bamboo basket, and it is to impregnate 6min in 54 DEG C of warm water to be put into temperature,
It pulls broad bean kind out to drain broad bean surface water, be blotted broad bean kind surface water using cotton, then by broad bean kind and nitragin
It is put into clear water and dresses seed together, nitragin and broad bean kind mass ratio are 1:40；
3) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein 1 plant of broad bean corresponds to 4 plants of wheats, makees unit between constituting 1, make between each
Strain spacing is 23cm in unit, makees for multiple to make cell row between unit composition, and it is 28cm to make unit line space between each；
4) field management
Broad bean kind germinate during to intercropping plant pour, remaining time routinely field management to intercropping plant
Ground is managed, and carrying out nitrogenous fertilizer in broad bean branching stage imposes, amount of application 106kg/hm2。
Embodiment 4：
1) site preparation
0~20cm soil horizons on planting site are turned over, are then applied fertilizer, fertilizer and 0~20cm soil horizon soil are made
Earth is uniformly mixed, and fertilizer group becomes nitrogenous fertilizer 110kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer 200kg/hm2；
2) broad bean kind pre-processes
Remove flat son in broad bean kind, mould son, worm hole, broken son and opposite sex manually first, 15 days prior to seeding, selection was fine
It teds broad bean kind 3 days, after tedding, and broad bean kind is fitted into bamboo basket, and it is to impregnate 5min in 55 DEG C of warm water to be put into temperature,
It pulls broad bean kind out to drain broad bean surface water, be blotted broad bean kind surface water using cotton, then by broad bean kind and nitragin
It is put into clear water and dresses seed together, nitragin and broad bean kind mass ratio are 1:40；
3) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein 1 plant of broad bean corresponds to 4 plants of wheats, makees unit between constituting 1, make between each
Strain spacing is 25cm in unit, makees for multiple to make cell row between unit composition, and it is 30cm to make unit line space between each；
4) field management
Broad bean kind germinate during to intercropping plant pour, remaining time routinely field management to intercropping plant
Ground is managed, and carrying out nitrogenous fertilizer in broad bean branching stage imposes, amount of application 110kg/hm2。
Compared with nonoculture broad bean, broad bean rhizosphere phenolic content is substantially reduced Examples 1 to 4, broad bean rhizosphere microorganism generation
It thanks to activity to be remarkably reinforced, broad bean rhizosphere microbial diversity and diversity index significantly improve；Examples 1 to 4 is applied with existing
It compares between the broad bean wheat for the fertilizer amount that phosphorates, is distributed in root system accounting in 30~80cm soil layers and obviously increases；Examples 1 to 4
Compared with nonoculture broad bean, in branching stage and florescence, faba bean Fusarium wilt incidence 42.86% and 33.33% is averagely reduced respectively；
Faba bean Fusarium wilt disease index 42.86% and 44.44% is averagely reduced, as seen from the experiment, a kind of control broad bean of the present invention
The intercropping culture method of continuous cropping obstacle plays preferable control action to droop caused by broad bean continuous cropping obstacle.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
Understanding without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention can carry out these embodiments a variety of variations, modification, replace
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of intercropping culture method of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that：Its cultural method includes the following steps：
1) site preparation
0~20cm soil horizons on planting site are turned over, are then applied fertilizer, keep fertilizer and 0~20cm soil horizon soil mixed
It closes uniformly, fertilizer group becomes 100~110kg/hm of nitrogenous fertilizer2, 150~200kg/hm of phosphate fertilizer2；
2) broad bean kind pre-processes
It removes flat son in broad bean kind, mould son, worm hole, broken son and opposite sex manually first, prior to seeding in 10~15 days, selects
Fine day teds broad bean kind 2~3 days, after tedding, and broad bean kind is fitted into bamboo basket, and it is in 50~55 DEG C of warm water to be put into temperature
5~7min is impregnated, broad bean kind is pulled out and drains broad bean surface water, blotted broad bean kind surface water using cotton, then by broad bean
Kind and nitragin are put into clear water together dresses seed, and nitragin and broad bean kind mass ratio are 1:40；
3) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein 1 plant of broad bean corresponds to 4 plants of wheats, makees unit between constituting 1, make unit between each
Interior strain spacing is 20~25cm, makees for multiple to make cell row between unit composition, and it is 25~30cm to make unit line space between each；
4) field management
Broad bean kind germinate during to intercropping plant pour, remaining time routinely field management to intercropping plant into
Row management carries out nitrogenous fertilizer in broad bean branching stage and imposes, and amount of application is 100~110kg/hm2。
2. a kind of intercropping culture method of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1)
Described in planting site soil physico-chemical property meet the content of organic matter and be no less than 14g/kg, total nitrogen content is no less than 1g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen
Content is no less than 59mg/kg, and available phosphorus contents are no less than 29mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium content is no less than 52mg/kg, and pH value 6.5~
7.5。
3. a kind of intercropping culture method of control broad bean continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The nitrogen
Fertilizer is urea, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112056168A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-11 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Planting method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans |
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| CN102726200A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-10-17 | 云南农业大学 | Multifarious cultivation method for controlling continuous cropping obstacles of broad bean |
| RU2539802C1 (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-01-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Гелла-Фарма" | Barley growing method |
| CN105087414A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2015-11-25 | 段一皋 | High-concentration compound rhizobium inoculant for symbiotic nitrogen fixation and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112056168A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-11 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Planting method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of broad beans |
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