CN109717024A - A kind of ripe cultural method of spring wheat summer paddy two - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种在一个自然年度内春小麦夏谷两熟栽培方法，包括春小麦栽培和夏谷栽培。春小麦栽培方法包括整地、播种、浇水施肥、防治病虫害和收获等步骤；夏谷栽培方法包括整地、施肥、播种、间苗、除草、收获和秸秆还田步骤。本方案研究出了可在冀东地区(或自然生态气候相似地区)自然生态条件下实现一个自然年度内作物两熟的种植模式即春小麦和夏谷一年两熟栽培技术，这种栽培技术模式充分利用了光热资源，解决了冀东地区光热资源利用不充分或光热资源不足的问题，提高了单位土地面积粮食产量。
The invention discloses a method for cultivating two crops of spring wheat and summer grains in one natural year, including spring wheat cultivation and summer grain cultivation. The spring wheat cultivation method includes the steps of land preparation, sowing, watering and fertilizing, pest control and harvesting; the summer grain cultivation method includes the steps of land preparation, fertilization, sowing, thinning, weeding, harvesting and straw returning. In this project, a planting pattern that can achieve two crops in a natural year under the natural ecological conditions of East Hebei (or areas with similar natural ecological climates), namely spring wheat and summer valley two-cropping a year cultivation technology, this cultivation technology model is sufficient The use of light and heat resources solves the problem of insufficient use of light and heat resources or insufficient light and heat resources in eastern Hebei, and improves the grain output per unit land area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies more particularly to a kind of ripe cultural methods of spring wheat summer paddy two.
Background technique
Eastern Hebei refers to the eastern region in Hebei province and the part periphery county domain of Beijing and Tianjin, this area ground
It is close to manage position, has common regional nature ecoclimate feature, similar agricultural industry has on mode of agriculture
Similarity.
Based on eastern Hebei Farming is mainly planted with spring maize, one crop per annual；Also there is plantation in October the previous year
Winter wheat, late June in next year harvest plant after winter wheat summer corn (because sunlight-heat reaources limit, summer corn is difficult normal mature, one
As to plant based on fresh edible maize or silage corn) cultivation mode；There are also " spring maize+winter wheat+summer corn 2 years three is ripe
The cultivation mode of system ".But eastern Hebei was not carried out cereal crops 1 year two in a calendar year (December in January -)
It is ripe.
Eastern Hebei is influenced by factors such as latitude and weathers, and frost-free period in the whole year is about 190 days, and 0 DEG C or more of accumulated temperature is
4200 DEG C or so, traditionally planting cereal crops 1 year can only be one ripe, if 1 year only one season of kind cereal crops will waste photo-thermal
Resource occurs " one if want to plant the problem that two season cereal crops (such as winter wheat+summer corn) face sunlight-heat reaources deficiency again
Ji Youyu, two seasons are insufficient " the case where.Therefore, cereal crops two crops a year be cannot achieve in eastern Hebei and causes grain per mu yield
It measures the low, utilization of resources and is unable to reach maximization, the phenomenon that the economic benefit is not high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of ripe cultural method of spring wheat summer paddy two, in the natural ecology weather conditions of eastern Hebei
It is lower to solve the problems, such as that cereal crops yield two crops a year in a calendar year.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of ripe cultural method of spring wheat summer paddy two, including spring wheat cultivation and the cultivation of summer paddy, the spring wheat cultivation package
Include following steps:
(1) site preparation: carrying out site preparation before early spring or winter, when site preparation applies 20~30kg compound fertilizer per acre and makees base fertilizer；
(2) it sows: the first ten-day period of the March sowing in ice crust, 3~4cm of depth of planting, application rate 15~20kg per acre；
(3) water, apply fertilizer: tillering stage pours first time water, and the jointing stage pours second of water, while watering imposes per acre every time
15kg-20kg urea；
(4) aphid disease and controlling powdery mildew sick prevention and control of weeds: are carried out in the first tenday period of a month in late April to June；
(5) harvest: late June, spring wheat entered full ripe stage progress mechanized harvest；
The summer paddy cultivation includes the following steps:
(1) site preparation, fertilising: timely site preparation after harvest spring wheat uniformly applies 1500kg organic fertilizer and 30 when site preparation per acre
Base fertilizer makees in the compound fertilizer of~40kg, connects batch agriculture time-consuming 5-7 days with spring wheat；
(2) sow: late June, July, the first tenday period of a month were sowed, per acre 0.4~0.5kg of application rate；
(3) thinning, weeding: 3~5 leaf phase of millet and 2~4 leaf phase of weeds carry out thinning using thinning agent and herbicide, remove
Grass；
(4) harvest: the first tenday period of a month in October millet enters complete ripeness initial stage progress mechanized harvest；
(5) straw-returning.
Kind optional or preferred, that spring wheat sowing selects growth period to be not more than 90 days.
Kind optional or preferred, that Xia Gu sowing selects growth period to be not more than 90 days.
It is optional or preferred, 20kg compound fertilizer and 1000~1500kg are used in the wheat cultivation step (1) per acre
One or both of organic fertilizer or farmyard manure make base fertilizer.
Optional or preferred, the compound fertilizer in spring wheat cultivation step (1) can be Diammonium phosphate (DAP).
It is optional or preferred, use concentration to be watered in spring wheat cultivation step (4) for 10% imidacloprid spraying
It is anti-to eliminate aphis, spraying prevention and treatment powdery mildew is watered using triazolone or carbendazim.
Optional or preferred, N, P, K total content are 45% in compound fertilizer in summer paddy cultivation step (1).
It is optional or preferred, the different monooctyl ester 40 of diformazan fluroxypyr is used per acre in summer paddy cultivation step (3)
100~130g of imazethapyr water agent that~50ml is watered 30kg or concentration is 5% is watered 30kg or concentration is 12.5%
80~100ml of thinning agent sethoxydim is watered 30kg and carries out thinning, weeding.
It is optional or preferred, can be carried out according to emergence in summer paddy cultivation step (3) thinning or not between
Seedling processing.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial technical effect of the present invention lies in: 1 year frost-free period of eastern Hebei is about 190
It, accumulated temperature more than zero degree is 4200 DEG C or so, during entire fertility, about 2200 DEG C of accumulated temperature or so of spring wheat needs,
About 2000 DEG C of the accumulated temperature of millet or so, research " spring wheat adds Xia Gu " two crops a year cultivation technique mode disclosed by the invention,
Sunlight-heat reaources are taken full advantage of, it is insufficient to solve the problems, such as that eastern Hebei sunlight-heat reaources utilize, improves grain yield；This hair
The spring wheat of bright use and the Xia Gu kind time of infertility, the grain that may be implemented in a calendar year was made at 90 days or so
The ripe cropping pattern of object two, by single-dose application in summer paddy cultivation, using it with anti-imidazolone type and the phonetic sulphur of anti-cigarette
The sowing variety characteristic of herbicides such as grand (sethoxydims) may be implemented to exempt artificial thinning and artificial weeding, to reduce labour
Power cost, while mechanized harvest mode is used to spring wheat and Xia Gu, it realizes the large-scale planting of spring wheat and Xia Gu, improves
Economic benefit increases the enthusiasm that the producer uses two crops a year implantation methods；Meanwhile spring wheat summer paddy yields two crops a year and plants
Training mode is suitble to be widely popularized in eastern Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, the Liao Dynasty similar in latitude and natural ecology weather conditions
Rather, this two crops a year mode in Inner Mongol some areas has the prospect of popularization and application, this is for ensureing national food security, mentioning
High agricultural benefit has positive effect.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the ripe cultivation flow chart of spring wheat summer paddy two of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier quilt
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that make apparent specific boundary's point to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of ripe cultural method of spring wheat summer paddy two includes spring wheat cultivation and the cultivation of summer paddy, and wherein spring wheat cultivates step
It is as follows:
(1) site preparation: carrying out site preparation before early spring or winter, to reach when site preparation that smooth no soil block hole is recessed, soil moisture content is good, upper pine
Lower reality, when site preparation, apply 20kg compound fertilizer such as Diammonium phosphate (DAP) as base fertilizer per acre, have applied base fertilizer and have been ploughed；
(2) spring wheat is sowed: the Spring Wheat Seed of selection " saliva is No. 10 strong " kind is being broadcast in the first ten-day period of the March sowing in ice crust
First five day with quick lime solution seed soaking 12 hours of 1%, is cleaned up to put with clear water and be shone 3 days in the sun, and sowing is deep when sowing
Degree is 3cm or so, and 18kg, Basic Seedling per acre are 400,000 plants or so to application rate per acre；
(3) watering, fertilizing: tillering stage pours first time water, and the jointing stage pours second of water, while watering imposes per acre every time
The urea of 15kg, pustulation period water less depending on soil moisture content concrete condition or do not water to prevent Wheat lodging；
(4) it prevents and treats pest and disease damage: preventing eliminating aphis and powdery mildew in time in the first tenday period of a month in late April to June, the anti-use that eliminates aphis
10% imidacloprid is watered by spraying, and prevention and treatment powdery mildew is watered spraying using triazolone or carbendazim；
(5) harvest: Spring Wheat Grain entered complete ripeness initial stage and was harvested late June；
Steps are as follows for the cultivation of its ancient name for China paddy:
(1) site preparation, single fertilization: carrying out site preparation stubble-cleaning after harvesting wheat, while applying the calcium superphosphate of 50kg per acre,
Apply the compound fertilizer for being 45% containing N, P, K total content of 30kg again per acre as base fertilizer, agriculture time-consuming is 5 days；
(2) millet is sowed: selection " Ji Gu 39 " kind starts to sow on the 29th in June, and two weeks is by seed prior to seeding
It puts and shines 3 days in the sun, sowing is placed in salt water for first 3 days impregnates to remove impurity, is then impregnated 12 hours, is dried with clear water；
It, can be according to 50% carbendazim and seed weight of the 0.3% of seed weight for the generation for preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect, poliosis and smut
0.3% auspicious mould wettable powder of amount is dressed seed, application rate 0.4kg per acre when sowing；
(3) medicament thinning, weeding: 3 leaf phase of millet and 2 leaf phase of weeds are adopted using dedicated thinning agent and herbicide, herbicide
The different monooctyl ester of 40ml diformazan fluroxypyr is watered 30kg per acre, in order to prevent and treat broadleaf weed；
(4) millet harvests: complete ripeness initial stage is gathered in；
(5) straw-returning.
The experimental result that the ripe cropping pattern of spring wheat summer paddy two obtains through the invention is as follows:
Wheat, mu spike number average 41.3 ten thousand, grain number per spike 31.5, mass of 1000 kernel 36.1g, per mu yield 469.64kg；
Xia Gu, spike weight 18.05g, Ear weight 15.86g, mass of 1000 kernel 3.08g, per mu yield 390.3kg.
It is compared by the yield for being harvested for one time each year cropping pattern with eastern Hebei winter wheat, spring wheat summer paddy of the invention
Two ripe planting type grain yields at least improve 200kg per acre, and economic benefit per acre improves 500 yuan or more.
Embodiment 2
A kind of ripe cultural method of spring wheat summer paddy two includes spring wheat cultivation and the cultivation of summer paddy, and wherein spring wheat cultivates step
It is as follows:
(1) site preparation: carrying out site preparation before early spring or winter, to reach when site preparation that smooth no soil block hole is recessed, soil moisture content is good, upper pine
Lower reality, when site preparation, apply 20kg compound fertilizer such as Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and 1500kg organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per acre；
(2) sow: the Spring Wheat Seed of selection " saliva is No. 10 strong " kind is in the first ten-day period of the March sowing in ice crust, and 4 days prior to seeding
It is soaked seed 12 hours with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, is cleaned up to be placed under the sun with clear water and be shone 2 days, sowing depth when sowing
Spend 4cm or so, application rate 20kg per acre, Basic Seedling is 420,000 plants or so per acre；
(3) watering, fertilizing: tillering stage pours first time water, and the jointing stage pours second of water, while watering imposes per acre every time
The urea of 15kg；
(4) it prevents and treats disease pest and weed: preventing eliminating aphis and powdery mildew in time in the first tenday period of a month in late April to June, the anti-use that eliminates aphis
10% imidacloprid is watered by spraying, and prevention and treatment powdery mildew is watered spraying using triazolone or carbendazim；
(5) spring wheat enters full ripe stage and is harvested；
Steps are as follows for the cultivation of its ancient name for China paddy:
(1) site preparation, single fertilization: spring wheat harvesting after carry out site preparation stubble-cleaning, while per acre apply 20kg organic fertilizer and
50kg calcium superphosphate, applies the compound fertilizer for being 45% containing N, P, K total content of 40kg again per acre, and Xia Gu sowing is harvested with spring wheat
Connect batch agriculture time-consuming be 5 days or so；
(2) millet is sowed: selection " Ji Gu 39 " kind was sowed July 3, and seed can be placed on by two weeks prior to seeding
It is shone 3 days under sunlight, sowing is placed in salt water for first 3 days impregnates to remove impurity, is then impregnated 12 hours, is dried with clear water；It is anti-
The only generation of subterranean pest-insect, poliosis and smut, can be according to 50% carbendazim and seed weight of the 0.3% of seed weight
0.3% auspicious mould wettable powder is dressed seed, and application rate 0.5kg per acre when sowing stays 40,000 plants of seedling per acre；
(3) millet medicament thinning: 3 leaf phase of millet and 2 leaf phase of weeds use herbicide, and thinning agent uses dedicated thinning agent,
What herbicide used is watered 30kg prevention and treatment broadleaf weed with the different monooctyl ester 50ml of diformazan fluroxypyr per acre；
(4) millet harvests: complete ripeness initial stage is gathered in；
(5) millet straw-returning.
The experimental result that the ripe cropping pattern of spring wheat summer paddy two obtains through the invention is as follows:
Wheat, mu spike number average 41.5 ten thousand, grain number per spike 31.3, mass of 1000 kernel 36.3g, per mu yield 471.5kg；
Xia Gu, spike weight 17.96g, Ear weight 15.66g, mass of 1000 kernel 3.18g, per mu yield 391.2kg.
In specific cultivation, due to the distinctive weather of eastern Hebei and illumination particularity, cereal crops are solved 1 year
Two ripe problems, in addition to the foregoing description the step of other than, pay particular attention to the select permeability of spring wheat and the kind of Xia Gu.Specifically
The kind on ground, spring wheat requires growth period short, and 90 days or so, suitable spring wheat variety such as " saliva is No. 10 strong "." saliva is No. 10 strong "
For spring habit early-maturing variety, the time of infertility, seedling was upright at 80 days or so, and plant type is compact, resistant to lodging；Fringe spindle-type, long awns are white
Shell, red grain, hard, grain plumpness are preferable.
In specific cultivation, the kind of Xia Gu requires the time of infertility no more than 90 days, suitable kind such as " Ji Gu
39"." Ji Gu 39 " is the herbicides Millet Variety such as high-quality anti-imidazolone type and anti-nicosulfuron (sethoxydim).Its seedling is green
Color the ecotope Ji Dong summer sowing breeding time 90 days or so, is sowed in spring breeding time 115~125 days in Liaoning, Jilin, crude protein 9.55%,
Crude fat 3.4%, total starch 68.21%, lysine 0.22%, in anti-millet blast, poliosis, middle sense paddy rust, nematodiasis.
Meanwhile it is noted also that in the cultivation of " Ji Gu 39 " in effective accumulated temperature less than 3000 DEG C, 300 meters of height above sea level
Above and millet blast, paddy rust, the serious generation area of nematodiasis are used with caution；5~10 days part paddy seedlings are dead after spraying thinning agent, reach
To the effect of thinning and weeding, if soil moisture content difference causes, emergence is not complete or emergence is uneven, and the few part of seedling is not
Thinning agent is sprayed, it can human assistance thinning；Period and dosage as required sprays mating herbicide, and herbicide has thinning and weeding
Double action, ridge back will spray on ridge, notice that herbicide will be sprayed in calm fine day, prevent from drifting other paddy fields and other
On crop, spray is forward and backward will to use detergent immersion and cleaning sprayer.
Embodiment described above is only that preferred embodiment of the invention is described, and is not carried out to the scope of the present invention
It limits, without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art make technical solution of the present invention
Various changes and improvements, should all fall into claims of the present invention determine protection scope in.
Claims (9)
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113951068A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-21 | 河北科技师范学院 | A kind of cultivation method of spring wheat-red adzuki bean twice a year in eastern Hebei |
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