CN101731093A - Water-fertilizer conditioning method for rice straw mulching and returning in wheat season - Google Patents
Water-fertilizer conditioning method for rice straw mulching and returning in wheat season Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-fertilizer conditioning method for rice straw mulching and returning in wheat season, which belongs to the field of water-fertilizer conditioning of crops, in particular to a water-fertilizer conditioning technology under the rice straw mulching and returning way in the small spring wheat season of Chengdu Plain. In the Chengdu Plain, rice straws harvested in the previous season are used for total mulching and returning, thereby carrying out quantitative water regulation and soil fertilizer conditioning during the whole growth period of wheat; the method combines the straw total returning with the water-fertilizer conditioning technology, thereby avoiding the possible negative effects to the soil caused by simple returning during the straw decomposition process, integrating the cultivation technology which is matched with straw returning, optimizing a system of fast conversion and utilization of straws and the crop stable and high yield technology and designing the reasonable water-fertilizer conditioning scheme; furthermore, the tillage measures can not only improve the yield of the crops, save the labor force and improve the economic benefits, but also retain water and fertilizer, improve the soil structure, protect the environment and promote the sustainable development of agriculture in the region.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for returning straws of crops to field, particularly at the water-fertilizer conditioning method of Chengdu Plain wheat in late autumn season under the straw mulching and returning mode.
Background technology
Stalk accounts for about 50% of crop biological yield, is the extremely abundant renewable organic resource that can directly utilize of a class.The quilt of a large amount of residue stalks burns and not only causes air pollution, living environment is caused have a strong impact on, and also causes soil fertility to descend year by year, and the Agro-ecology balance is poor to destroying.Straw-returning can effectively increase soil organic matter content, replenish its various nutritive elements, make its nutrient structure be tending towards reasonable, and then improve soil physical and chemical property, culture fertility, especially to alleviating China's nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer contradiction out of proportion, remedy phosphorus, the potassium fertilizer deficiency has crucial meaning.Simultaneously, straw-returning can also effectively increase crop yield, optimizes farmland ecological environment, keeps the agroecological environment balance, and the sustainable agriculture and the ecological agriculture are had a very important role.Chengdu Plain belongs to the moistening monsoon climate in subtropics.Average temperature of the whole year 15-17.1 ℃, frost-free season reaches 260-302 days.Precipitation is between the 900-1300 millimeter throughout the year, and 80% concentrates on the 5-9 month.Simultaneously, influenced by the geographical position, the subterranean water level height, soil is cold wet.And according to pertinent literature, Chengdu area soil quick-effective phosphor, quick-acting potassium content is generally on the low side.
Present existing rice and wheat straw also field utilizes way normally: place into the soil (1) directly single ploughing.The drawback of this method is that duty is ploughed and caused water and soil loss easily, and stalk is directly placed into the soil, and easily produces pernicious gas when becoming thoroughly decomposed seedling is caused murder by poisoning.(2) rice and wheat straw is concentrated composting or the system of macerating become thoroughly decomposed, be distributed in the soil then.The drawback of this method is a trouble, and economic benefit is low, and the peasant is not easy to accept.(3) livestock crosses also field of abdomen, promptly by the stalk of feeding to livestock, becomes also field of fertilizer.The drawback of this method is to be difficult to large tracts of land implement.Present straw-returning technology is conceived to macroscopical qualitative aspects such as straw-returning farm machinery and field piece research and development mostly, and do not have a cover concrete operator scheme in detail for qualitative, quantitative aspect, straw-returning water-fertilizer conditioning aspect, particularly reaching with it at the specific natural conditions of Chengdu Plain does not similarly also have one to overlap the water-fertilizer conditioning pattern that suits in the area, being unfavorable for instructing the peasant to put into practice, also is that the major reason that causes straw-returning to be difficult to the large tracts of land popularization one of is.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the deficiency that overcomes several ways that have wheat season straw-returning now, the straw returning and fertilizing and the practical problems such as lacking standard of pouring water, the wheat season straw-returning water-fertilizer conditioning pattern of the idiographic flowization of a kind of highly effective and safe, strong operability is provided, focus on the technology aspect the liquid manure quantitatively regulating and controlling under the straw-returning mode of no-tillage covering, more help in actual agricultural utilization, playing a role, solve the problem of straw-returning aspect the water-fertilizer conditioning concrete operations.This method to the protection environment, improve the soil, improve agricultural product number, quality, the comprehensive purpose that develops eco-agriculture, and economic and practical, easy and simple to handle is easy to promote.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
One grow wheat season rice straw mulching and returning water-fertilizer conditioning method, in the wheat season in rice-Mai crop rotation district, adopt the rice straw mulching and returning mode after, wheat growth is carried out quantitative moisture regulation and control and quantitatively soil fertility regulation and control.
As preferably: the rice straw that will go up season harvesting carries out the full dose mulching and returning, the whole growing of wheat is carried out quantitative moisture is regulated and soil fertility is regulated and control.
As further preferred: in the time of infertility of wheat growth, because of the quality of soil, the light more output of quality is many more, and output is controlled to be 2000～2300m
3/ hm
2, and to adjust irrigation volume according to the current year precipitation amount be 500～900m
3/ hm
2
As preferably: at the jointing-booting stage of wheat, output is controlled to be 850～970m
3/ hm
2, and to adjust irrigation volume according to the current year precipitation amount be 350～670m
3/ hm
2
As preferably: in the time of infertility of wheat growth, rate of fertilizer is N 120～150kg/hm
2, P 71～79kg/hm
2, K 38～42kg/hm
2
As preferably: described phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer do that base manure is disposable to apply, and base fertilizer accounts for 70% in the nitrogenous fertilizer, topdresses to account for 30%.
As preferably: tillering the phase of surviving the winter applied nitrogen 20～26kg/hm
2
As preferably:, impose nitrogenous fertilizer 16～19kg/hm at jointing-booting stage
2
Particularly, wheat season the water-fertilizer conditioning technology of rice straw mulching and returning mainly be applicable to rice-Mai crop rotation area, be divided into " Honda arrangement-straw incorporation-scatter seeds-field management ":
The Honda arrangement mainly is to carry out the high railway carriage or compartment of zanjon pattern, and wheat paddock wraps ditch by a certain percentage and opens the railway carriage or compartment, and the row of guaranteeing can irritate.In the arrangement process, also to carry out using of base fertilizer.Straw incorporation mainly be with the even full dose of rice straw be sprinkling upon in the piece of field.Select efficient, high-quality, disease-resistant breeding.Seed is prepared by this field sowing quantity, early-maturing variety and middle-late ripening variety were sowed in the suitable time limit.Field management mainly comprises carries out the adjusting of moisture and fertilizer to emerge stage, the stage of surviving the winter of tillering, the jointing booting stage of turning green, solid stage of heading of wheat cultivation.Along with the different growing stage development of wheat, its water-fertilizer conditioning technology has corresponding variation and specification requirement, should adjust at each period.
Key technology wherein is: wheat season is no-tillage broadcasts sowing adjusting of straw mulching and returning moisture and soil fertility control technique.
The wheat season rice straw moisture regulation technology in field also: in the time of infertility of wheat growth, because of the quality of soil by light to the weight output from more to less, output is controlled at 2000～2300m
3/ hm
2, and to adjust irrigation volume according to the current year precipitation amount be 500～900m
3/ hm
2In the critical period of wheat growth (jointing-booting stage), the 2～March in area, Chengdu is because of soil texture difference total supply should be controlled at 850～970m
3/ hm
2, adjusting irrigation volume according to the current year precipitation amount is 350～670m
3/ hm
2The insemination and emergence stage: if field piece arid after planting should in time water, but can not broad irrigation.Tiller the stage of surviving the winter: before low temperature arrives, should note in time pouring water.Winter irrigation should be taked the mode that irrigates through furrow, makes not ponding of field, in order to avoid soil compaction, more can not broad irrigation.Turn green the jointing booting stage: temperature raises after the spring, the plant strain growth aggravation, and water requirement is many, and spring, rainwater was also more simultaneously, was the critical period of wheat growth.Shooting stage rich water can improve the wheat percentage of earbearing tiller, increases grain number per spike, prevents that effectively wheat is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, promote boot leaf, under the growth of leaf and ear node, to improving photosynthetic usefulness of middle and later periods, increase the filling intensity of wheat, it is very favourable to improve thousand kernel weight.Ear the solid stage: wet and Late Irrigation fall in draining.Should note dredging the drain ditch at heading stage, reduce soil moisture, prevent to be subjected to water logging to cause root system early ageing.
Wheat season straw-returning soil fertility control technique: in the time of infertility of wheat growth, rate of fertilizer is N 120～150kg/hm
2, P 71～79kg/hm
2, K 38～42kg/hm
2Superphosphate and potassium chloride do that base manure is disposable to apply, and nitrogenous fertilizer is according to the principle of the heavy end, balance fertilizing, and base fertilizer accounts for 70%, topdresses to account for 30%.Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are done the equal ditch spread of base manure.Nitrogenous fertilizer is done and is converted water when topdressing and irrigate and to use.Tiller the stage of surviving the winter, should impose quick-acting fertilizer, but applied nitrogen, and sowing amount is 20～26kg/hm
2About.As long as do not freeze to death tillering stage, strengthen management, still can obtain good harvest.For fertilising before the winter less, poor, the deficiency of tillering of fertility, the wheatland that it is slow that wheat seeding is turned green, should early execute striking root fertilizer.The Shaoshi striking root fertilizer is answered for preventing prosperous length in mid-term in the high-yield field, uses a spot of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and gets final product.In the jointing booting stage, can before year, use sufficient under the situation of base fertilizer, between the shooting stage, impose nitrogenous fertilizer 16～19kg/hm
2About.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Effectively increased wheat paddock emerge, tiller, jointing, heading, ripe each in period soil with organic matter and the content of nutritive elements such as N, P, K.At field initial stage also, effective nitrogen in the contention soil may take place with crop in stalk in the process of decomposing, adopt water-fertilizer conditioning mode of the present invention, is also enriching nitrogenous fertilizer in the field.Along with the continuous decomposition of stalk, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content constantly increases.In the maturing stage, stalk is decomposition substantially, and organic constantly mineralising and reducing, and discharge nutrient in soil comprises elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and is therefore still higher at the content of the nitrogen phosphorus in later stage.And the validity of phosphorus and the availability of phosphorus in the soil have been improved.When therefore increasing organic matter behind the straw-returning, also increased the content of available phosphorus.Because potassium content is higher in the crops straw, secondly stalk nutrient also field amount is nitrogen also based on the potassium element, and phosphorus is minimum.Compare with the wheat cultivation pattern of routine, but per hectare Shaoshi fertilizer 80～160kg can to a certain degree reduce the farmland irrigation quantity simultaneously.Therefore, the present invention combines returning total stalks into fields with the water-fertilizer conditioning technology of soil, the negative effect of having avoided simple also field may cause soil in the stalk decay process, integrated straw-returning corresponding cultivation techniques, optimize quick trans-utilization of stalk and crop high and stable yields technical system, designed rational water-fertilizer conditioning scheme.This tillage control measure not only can improve crop yield, labor savings, increase economic efficiency, but also preserve moisture and fertility, the structure of improving the soil, protection environment promote the sustainable development of this area's agricultural.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment be one grow wheat season rice straw mulching and returning the water-fertilizer conditioning technology, its concrete practice is:
As the experiment in cultivation place, under rice straw full dose mulching and returning pattern, adopt following water-fertilizer conditioning technology: in the time of infertility of wheat growth, output is controlled at 2300m with Xinjin County Pu Xing town
3/ hm
2, wherein irrigation volume is 900m
3/ hm
2, at the jointing-booting stage of wheat, output is controlled to be 900m
3/ hm
2, and to adjust irrigation volume according to the current year precipitation amount be 500m
3/ hm
2The time of infertility, fertilizing amount was N 120kg/hm
2, P 71kg/hm
2, K 38kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer do that base manure is disposable to apply, and base fertilizer accounts for 70% in the nitrogenous fertilizer, topdresses to account for 30%, is tillering the phase of surviving the winter applied nitrogen 20kg/hm
2At jointing-booting stage, impose nitrogenous fertilizer 16kg/hm
2Selecting wheat breed for use is Shunosaurus wheat No. 3, and last paddy rice average yield is 6900kg/hm
2
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment be one grow wheat season rice straw mulching and returning the water-fertilizer conditioning technology, its concrete practice is:
With Han Chang town, Dayi County, Chengdu, typical Chengdu Plain district as the experiment place, wheat season rainfall 150mm altogether, 2～March of wheat growth key period, rainfall was 45mm.2 processing are set, 3 repetitions, 6 sub-districts, the sub-district area is 80m
2
First handles the water-fertilizer conditioning technology of promptly handling rice straw mulching and returning among 1 employing the present invention, and (rice straw also field amount is 9000kg/hm
2, in the time of infertility of wheat growth, output is controlled at 2100m
3/ hm
2, wherein irrigation volume is 600m
3/ hm
2In the critical period of wheat growth (jointing-booting stage), in the 2～March in area, Chengdu, total supply is controlled at 930m
3/ hm
2, wherein irrigation volume is 480m
3/ hm
2Fertilizing amount is N 150kg/hm
2, P 75kg/hm
2, K 40kg/hm
2, selecting wheat breed for use is Shunosaurus wheat No. 3;
Second processing promptly handled 2 and do not adopted also field of rice straw, and adopts conventional fertilizer application amount (N 220kg/hm
2, P75kg/hm
2, K 55kg/hm
2) and the traditional irrigation mode.Selecting wheat breed for use also is Shunosaurus wheat No. 3;
The wheat average yield of processing 1 is 7050kg/hm
2, the wheat average yield of processing 2 is 6030kg/hm
2, promptly among the present invention wheat season rice straw mulching and returning the field piece of water-fertilizer conditioning technical finesse than the field piece volume increase 17% of traditional conventional farming, and economize on water 14%, save fertilizer 27%.Gather soil sample at wheat aging time and analyze, the various nutrients of soil that record processing 1 are all than the soil content height of handling 2, and detail parameters is referring to table 1.
The contrast of nutritive element contents such as the table 1 wheat aging time soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
| Handle | Organic (g/kg) | Full nitrogen (g/kg) | Full phosphorus (g/kg) | Full potassium (g/kg) | Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg/kg) | Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | Available potassium (mg/kg) |
| Handle 1 | ??50.72 | ??1.75 | ??0.94 | ??16.20 | ??103.40 | ??14.23 | ??213.25 |
| Handle 2 | ??47.42 | ??1.08 | ??0.84 | ??13.38 | ??88.39 | ??11.92 | ??164.51 |
By the foregoing description as seen; the present invention is by the water-fertilizer conditioning to Chengdu Plain wheat in late autumn season rice straw mulching and returning; can improve wheat yield significantly; save irrigation water; save fertilizer amount; increase economic efficiency, but also preserve moisture and fertility, the structure of improving the soil, protection environment promote the sustainable development of agricultural.
Claims (8)
- One grow wheat season rice straw mulching and returning water-fertilizer conditioning method, it is characterized in that: in the wheat season of rice Mai Lunzuoqu, adopt the rice straw mulching and returning mode after, wheat growth is carried out quantitative moisture regulation and control and quantitatively soil fertility regulation and control.
- According to claim 1 described one grow wheat season rice straw mulching and returning water-fertilizer conditioning method, it is characterized in that: will go up one season paddy rice harvesting stalk carry out the full dose mulching and returning, the whole growing of wheat is carried out quantitative moisture is regulated and soil fertility is regulated and control.
- 3. according to claim 2 one grow wheat season rice straw mulching and returning water-fertilizer conditioning method, it is characterized in that: in the time of infertility of wheat growth, quality because of soil, the light more output of quality is many more, output is controlled to be 2000～2300m3/hm2, and to adjust irrigation volume according to the current year precipitation amount be 500～900m3/hm2.
- 4. according to claim 3 one grow wheat season rice straw mulching and returning water-fertilizer conditioning method, it is characterized in that: at the jointing-booting stage of wheat, output is controlled to be 850～970m3/hm2, and to adjust irrigation volume according to the current year precipitation amount be 350～670m3/hm2.
- According to claim 2 or 3 or 4 described one grow wheat season rice straw mulching and returning water-fertilizer conditioning method, it is characterized in that: in the time of infertility of wheat growth, rate of fertilizer is N 120～150kg/hm2, P 71～79kg/hm2, K 38～42kg/hhm2.
- 6. according to claim 5 one grow wheat season rice straw mulching and returning water-fertilizer conditioning method, it is characterized in that: described phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer do that base manure is disposable to apply, and base fertilizer accounts for 70% in the nitrogenous fertilizer, topdresses to account for 30%.
- 7. according to claim 6 one grow wheat season rice straw mulching and returning water-fertilizer conditioning method, it is characterized in that: tillering the phase of surviving the winter applied nitrogen 20～26kg/hm2.
- 8. according to claim 6 one grow wheat season rice straw mulching and returning water-fertilizer conditioning method, it is characterized in that:, impose nitrogenous fertilizer 16～19kg/hm2 at jointing-booting stage.
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| CN101982056A (en) * | 2010-10-10 | 2011-03-02 | 扬州大学 | Paddy rice dry direct seeding straw mulching high-yield cultivation method |
| CN102783328A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-11-21 | 山西农业大学 | Dry land wheat region fallow period water storage and soil moisture preservation cultivation method |
| CN104285616A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-01-21 | 上海宝山夙峰园艺场 | High-yield wheat planting method |
| CN105027923A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-11 | 太仓市天开林果专业合作社 | Energy-saving and consumption-reducing cultivation method for spring wheat capable of effectively utilizing wheat stubble straws |
| CN105325089A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-02-17 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for improving organic ripening of yellow-clayey field |
| CN105850470A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-17 | 中国水稻研究所 | Double-cropping planting method for wheat-rice in saline-alkali soil in areas with insufficient accumulated temperature |
| CN106900198A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-06-30 | 河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所 | Solve the stalk processing method that also field straw decomposition strives nitrogen |
| CN107047046A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintaining stable crop yield |
| CN107484453A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-12-19 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院 | A kind of agricultural non-point source pollution Sources controlling method |
| CN107493907A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Wheat stain evil stress, the method for promotion wheat increase yield in a kind of alleviation Rice-wheat rotation system |
| CN108076717A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-29 | 江苏省农业科学院 | It realizes Quality Wheat high yield and reduces the rice straw returning to the field method of rice season discharge of methane |
| CN108522183A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-09-14 | 宿迁中江种业有限公司 | A kind of rice cultivating method under the conditions of wheat stalk returning |
| CN110800439A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-18 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Fertilizing method for returning straws to field instead of potassium in wheat-jade double-cropping grain field |
| CN111533606A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-14 | 安徽农业大学 | Wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straw, preparation method and use method |
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2009
- 2009-12-23 CN CN200910312041A patent/CN101731093A/en active Pending
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| CN101982056A (en) * | 2010-10-10 | 2011-03-02 | 扬州大学 | Paddy rice dry direct seeding straw mulching high-yield cultivation method |
| CN102783328A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-11-21 | 山西农业大学 | Dry land wheat region fallow period water storage and soil moisture preservation cultivation method |
| CN104285616A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-01-21 | 上海宝山夙峰园艺场 | High-yield wheat planting method |
| CN105325089A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-02-17 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for improving organic ripening of yellow-clayey field |
| CN105027923A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-11 | 太仓市天开林果专业合作社 | Energy-saving and consumption-reducing cultivation method for spring wheat capable of effectively utilizing wheat stubble straws |
| CN105850470A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-17 | 中国水稻研究所 | Double-cropping planting method for wheat-rice in saline-alkali soil in areas with insufficient accumulated temperature |
| CN106900198A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-06-30 | 河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所 | Solve the stalk processing method that also field straw decomposition strives nitrogen |
| CN106900198B (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2020-03-10 | 河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所 | Straw treatment method for solving nitrogen contention caused by decomposition of returned straws |
| CN107047046A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintaining stable crop yield |
| CN107484453A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-12-19 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院 | A kind of agricultural non-point source pollution Sources controlling method |
| CN107493907A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Wheat stain evil stress, the method for promotion wheat increase yield in a kind of alleviation Rice-wheat rotation system |
| CN108076717A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-29 | 江苏省农业科学院 | It realizes Quality Wheat high yield and reduces the rice straw returning to the field method of rice season discharge of methane |
| CN108522183A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-09-14 | 宿迁中江种业有限公司 | A kind of rice cultivating method under the conditions of wheat stalk returning |
| CN110800439A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-18 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Fertilizing method for returning straws to field instead of potassium in wheat-jade double-cropping grain field |
| CN111533606A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-14 | 安徽农业大学 | Wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straw, preparation method and use method |
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Application publication date: 20100616 |