CN107047046A - A kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintaining stable crop yield - Google Patents
A kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintaining stable crop yield Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintenance stable crop yield, belong to agricultural non-point source pollution control and crop production technology field.It is that during rice wheat rotation farmland production, the effect that rice wheat rotation agricultural land soil runoff nitrogen, the emission reduction of phosphorus nutrient, potential loss risk reduction and rice wheat are given stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging is reached using technology by Optimum Fertilization Using and residual phosphorus element rice season in wheat season.Rice wheat rotation farmland nitrogen, phosphorus runoff anniversary number of dropouts can be substantially reduced respectively up to 15.77% and 43.31% using coordination technique using Optimum and remaining phosphorus element rice season in wheat season, rice wheat rotation agricultural land soil nitrogen, phosphorus balance surplus amount can be substantially reduced respectively up to 9.09% and 75.91%, pole significantly reduces rice wheat rotation agricultural land soil N and P losses risk.Rice wheat anniversary stable yields can be maintained substantially simultaneously, the peaceful wheat 16 of spring habit middle gluten wheat and the southern round-grained rice annual production in 9108 weeks of Japonica rice are respectively up to 14.51 × 103kg·hm‑2With 14.28 × 103kg·hm‑2, and significantly improve rice wheat anniversary nitrogenous fertilizer wilfully force of labor up to 19.44% and 17.56%.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to a kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintenance stable crop yield, belong to agricultural area source dirty
Dye control and crop production technology field.
Background technology：
Wheat-rice rotation planting system is mainly distributed on the subtropical zone-warm temperate zone area in East Asia and South Asia, including China, print
The countries such as degree, Pakistan, wherein maximum with the area of China.In China In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, only Jiangsu Province year growing surface
Product is i.e. up to 1,300,000 hm2Left and right, the sustainable production in rice-wheat growing system farmland is to ensureing that the grain security in Jiangsu or even the whole nation is extremely closed
It is important.In recent years, due to the growth of overrunning of population, under the pressure of pressure and economic needs, land intensification production degree enters one
Step is improved, and the average annual dose in Jiangsu Taihu Lake basin rice wheat producing region is up to 550~650kghm-2, greatly exceed national average water
Flat, the aggravation that irrational fertilising is lost in Soil Nutrients in Farmland caused by water supply-demand equilibrium in addition is not only to regional soil matter
Amount produces huge threat, the major obstacle as further development of Jiangsu agricultural production, and watershed body eutrophication
Nitrogen contribution ratio of phosphor it is larger.It is well known that it is to cause the one of the main reasons of body eutrophication that the content of nitrogen and phosphorous is too high, and phosphorus
It is its main limiting factor, and farmland N and P losses are its critical surfaces source pollution sources.It is estimated that agricultural area source discharge nitrogen, phosphorus element
To the contribution rate of Taihu Lake water body respectively up to 37.5% and 15.1%, wherein Agricultural land loss amount opposite source genes’ contamination ratio is respectively about
60% and 20%.Therefore, rice wheat rotation Soil Nutrients in Farmland runoff emission-reduction technology system is set up ecological for Taihu Lake basin water body
Environmental Health sustainable development is significant.
At present, engineering technology, biotechnology, farmland in-situ emission reduction are concentrated mainly on farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss control technology
In terms of technology.During the output of source pollutants is administered over there, engineering measure provides good bar for the implementation of plant measures
Part.Meter Yan Hua etc. (2006) has done comprehensive water and soil conservation engineering test in Yunnan, and research is found, plant hedge gunnysack soverlay technique energy
Flow path surface, soil loss amount and nutrient flow vector 22.7%, 27.1% and 36.8% are enough reduced, to the defeated of area source pollutants
Go out and play preferable control action.By increasing ecological pond in agriculture drainage ditch end, eutrophication plant is planted wherein,
Intercepting agricultural surface runoff nutrient loss also can significantly mitigate rice field pollution of area source.However, comprehensive soil erosion management and ecological pond are supported
Divide interception reuse technology rebuilding construction in implementation process costly, and more farmland may be taken, follow-up management is safeguarded
Process is also relatively complicated.Conservation tillage no-tillage with stubble retention can substantially reduce run-off and erosion amount, but exempt from for a long time
It is cultivated arable layer to be caused to shoal.Relevant report thinks, increase rice field store rainwater height (increasing 30cm from 6cm) can pole significantly reduce
Nitrogen loss, runoff and sediment is reduced to 3.3kg/hm2 from 347.8kg/hm2, and runoff total nitrogen is reduced to from 4.23kg/hm2
0.17kg/hm2.Meanwhile, Wang Ying etc. (2009) thinks to reduce paddy field drainage amount after fertilising in 10d or postpones water discharge time, is drop
Its low nitrogen with Loss in Runoff effective way.However, increase rice field stores rainwater height and reduces paddy field drainage amount or the row of postponement
The measures such as water time can in turn result in the notable underproduction to significantly affecting rice growth.Consider from rice wheat whole year production system,
How to coordinate agronomy effect and rice wheat rotation farmland nitrogen, the environmental effect of the effective emission reduction of phosphorus nutrient of rice wheat annual high-yield flat stable yields is
Current research emphasis and difficult point.
The content of the invention：
Technical problem：
The present invention provides a kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintaining stable crop yield, and the technology can reduce rice
Wheat crop rotation agricultural land soil nitrogen, phosphorus runoff loss, mitigate agricultural non -point pollution, and can maintain rice wheat annual high-yield flat stable yields.
Technical scheme：
A kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintaining stable crop yield, it is characterised in that：
In rice wheat production process, rice season, which subtracts, applies or does not apply phosphate fertilizer, utilizes wheat season remaining phosphorus element.Wherein,
Wheat season optimizes fertilising, adjusts and reduce dose for N 225kghm-2, P2O590kg·hm-2, K2O 90kg·
hm-2, meanwhile, adjustment Operational of Nitrogen Among ratio is base manure：Turn green jointing fertilizer：Ear manuer=70%：20%：10%；
Rice season optimizes fertilising, adjusts and reduce dose for N 270kghm-2, P2O567.5kg·hm-2, K2O
112.5kg·hm-2, meanwhile, adjustment Operational of Nitrogen Among ratio is base manure：Tillering fertilizer：Promote fertilizers for potted flowers：Protect fertilizers for potted flowers=40%：30%：
20%：10%；
Or rice season does not apply phosphate fertilizer, using wheat season remaining phosphorus element, dose is adjusted and reduced as N 270kghm-2, K2O
112.5kg·hm-2, Operational of Nitrogen Among ratio is adjusted to base manure：Tillering fertilizer：Promote fertilizers for potted flowers：Protect fertilizers for potted flowers=40%：30%：20%：
10%.
P, K fertilizer were made base manure and once applied in composite fertilizer's form wheat season, and the composite fertilizer is:Potassium sulfate type, N, 15%,
P2O5, 15%, K2O, 15%；Nitrogenous fertilizer is applied with aforementioned proportion, and base manure base when farming site preparation is applied, 10~15cm of fertilization depth；Return
The top application in the form of the urea of N >=46% of blue or green jointing fertilizer and ear manuer is applied；
P, K base manure are applied in composite fertilizer's form in rice season Optimum Fertilization Using, and the composite fertilizer is:Potassium sulfate type, N,
15%th, P2O5, 15%, K2O, 15%；P fertilizer makees base manure entirely, and base is applied when farming site preparation, 10~15cm of fertilization depth；Remaining K fertilizer
Promote fertilizers for potted flowers to apply, with K2The KCl forms top application of O >=60% is applied；
Or rice season does not apply phosphate fertilizer, K fertilizer bases apply 60%, with K when farming site preparation2The KCl forms of O >=60% are applied
Enter, 10~15cm of fertilization depth, promote fertilizers for potted flowers and apply 40%, with K2The KCl forms top application of O >=60% is applied.
According to production size after wheat season ferti-seeding, arranged during wheatland opens " well " type gutter so as to rainfall
Water, prevents wheatland ponding, and then influence wheat normal growth and development；A bar ditch are issued in general field at interval of 1.5~2.0m, arrange
The wide about 10~12cm in ditch, deep about 10~12cm；Rice season water management puts field, later stage using 5~6cm of early stage shallow waters, mid-term
The management mode of alternation of wetting and drying.
Wheat season rice straw returning to the field amount be 9000kghm-2, rice season Straw Weight of Wheat Return is 6000kghm-2；Wheat breed
From the peaceful wheat 16 of spring habit middle gluten wheat, rice varieties are from the southern round-grained rice 9108 of Japonica rice.
During wheat, Rice Production, the field operation measure such as farming site preparation, fertilization mode and plant protection management and conventional life
Production mode is consistent, with general high yield crop field.
Beneficial effect：
1st, the present invention reaches rice wheat rotation farmland in phosphorus element rice season by remaining in Optimum Fertilization Using and wheat season using technology
Soil runoff nitrogen, the emission reduction of phosphorus nutrient, potential loss risk reduction and the effect of rice wheat high and stable yields, easy to operate, effect is notable.
2nd, Wheat Growing Soils runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus concentration (multiple footpath in the time of infertility can be significantly reduced using Optimum Fertilization Using
Runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus concentration weighted average in stream process) respectively up to 17.05% and 15.19%, rice field runoff water can be significantly reduced
Nitrogen, phosphorus concentration are respectively up to 8.11% and 38.86%.Meanwhile, cooperateed with using Optimum and the remaining phosphorus element rice season utilization of wheat season
Technology can significantly reduce rice field runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus concentration up to 8.91% and 57.78%.It can be substantially reduced using Optimum Fertilization Using
Rice wheat rotation farmland nitrogen, phosphorus runoff anniversary number of dropouts are respectively up to 15.64% and 30.71%.It is residual using Optimum and wheat season
Remaining phosphorus element rice season can substantially reduce rice wheat rotation farmland nitrogen, phosphorus runoff anniversary number of dropouts respectively up to 15.77% using coordination technique
With 43.31%.
3rd, rice wheat rotation agricultural land soil nitrogen, phosphorus balance surplus amount can be substantially reduced using Optimum Fertilization Using to reach respectively
13.68% and 42.86%.Meanwhile, it can be substantially reduced using coordination technique phosphorus element rice season with wheat season remnants using Optimum
Rice wheat rotation agricultural land soil nitrogen, phosphorus balance surplus amount are respectively up to 9.09% and 75.91%, and pole significantly reduces rice wheat rotation farmland soil
Earth N and P losses risk.
4th, it can be tieed up substantially using coordination technique in phosphorus element rice season using Optimum Fertilization Using and Optimum and wheat season are remaining
Hold rice wheat anniversary stable yields, the annual production in 9108 weeks of the peaceful wheat 16 of spring habit middle gluten wheat and the southern round-grained rice of Japonica rice respectively up to 14.51 ×
103kg·hm-2With 14.28 × 103kg·hm-2.Meanwhile, using Optimum Fertilization Using and Optimum and wheat season remaining phosphorus element
Rice season using coordination technique be remarkably improved rice wheat anniversary nitrogenous fertilizer wilfully force of labor respectively up to 19.44% and 17.56%.
Embodiment：
By taking the rice wheat rotation farmland production example of Nanjing Lishui area Baima town proving ground as an example：
This testing site is located at (31 ° of Nanjing Lishui County Baima town Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute plant science base
36 ' N, 119 ° of 11 ' E), positioned at Nanjing Lishui County southeast, belong to transition region of the north subtropical to middle subtropical zone, average annual temperature is about
15.5 DEG C, average annual sunshine 2145.8h, average annual rainfall 1036.9mm, frost-free period in year 237d.Experimental plot soil belongs to Baijiang soil, 0~
The basic physicochemical character of 20cm soil layer soil is：pH(H2O,1:5) 6.21, organic matter (gkg-1) 16.62, full N (gkg-1)
0.87, full P (gkg-1) 0.24, available nitrogen (mgkg-1) 35.16, rapid available phosphorus (mgkg-1) 11.84, available potassium (mg
kg-1)89.23。
Wheat growing season and 2015 year June to 2015 year October of the test period in October, 2014 in June, 2015
Rice growing season, wheat breed is the peaceful wheat 16 of spring habit middle gluten wheat, application rate 150kghm-2, drilling, line-spacing is 25~30cm.
Rice varieties are the southern round-grained rice 9108 of Japonica rice, and conventional watery ricenursery mode cultivates strong seedling, and handwork transplant, seedling age is mature, plants specification
For 25cm × 13cm, per cave 2-3 plants, experimental plot area at least 200m2, with conventional production (crop field high-yield fertilization, crop field high-yield field
Between manage) for control, experiment set three repetitions.
Conventional production (crop field high-yield fertilization, crop field high yield field management) concrete operations mode is, wheat season dose be N
270kg·hm-2, P2O5135kg·hm-2, K2O 135kg·hm-2, P, K fertilizer makees base manure and once applies, and nitrogenous fertilizer presses base manure：Turn green
Jointing fertilizer：Ear manuer=60%：30%：10% applies, and rice straw returning to the field amount is 9000kghm-2, tillage method is rotary tillage；Rice season applies
Fertilizer amount is N 360kghm-2, P2O5112.5kg·hm-2, K2O 112.5kg·hm-2, P, K are with 45% composite fertilizer (Anhui Si Er
Te Fei industry Co., Ltd produces, potassium sulfate type, N, 15%；P2O5, 15%；K2O, 15%) apply, base manure 60%, promote fertilizers for potted flowers
40%, nitrogenous fertilizer presses base manure：Tillering fertilizer：Promote fertilizers for potted flowers：Protect fertilizers for potted flowers=30%：30%：20%：20% applies, and Straw Weight of Wheat Return is
6000kg·hm-2, tillage method is to plough+rotary tillage.
It is to adjust and reduce dose for N 225kghm to optimize fertilizing method in wheat season of the present invention-2, P2O590kg·hm-2, K2O 90kg·hm-2, meanwhile, adjustment Operational of Nitrogen Among ratio is base manure：Turn green jointing fertilizer：Ear manuer=70%：20%：10%.
Rice season optimizes fertilizing method, adjusts and reduce dose for N 270kghm-2, P2O567.5kg·hm-2, K2O
112.5kg·hm-2, meanwhile, adjustment Operational of Nitrogen Among ratio is base manure：Tillering fertilizer：Promote fertilizers for potted flowers：Protect fertilizers for potted flowers=40%：30%：
20%：10%.
Or, rice season (does not apply phosphorus using remaining phosphorus element rice season in wheat season on the basis of Optimum using technology
Fertilizer, utilizes wheat season remaining phosphorus element), wherein, dose is adjusted and reduced as N 270kghm-2, K2O 112.5kg·hm-2, nitrogenous fertilizer fortune
The ratio of raising is adjusted to base manure：Tillering fertilizer：Promote fertilizers for potted flowers：Protect fertilizers for potted flowers=40%：30%：20%：10%.
Wheat season P, K fertilizer make base manure with composite fertilizer (Anhui Si Erte Fei Ye Co., Ltds produce, potassium sulfate type, N, 15%；
P2O5, 15%；K2O, 15%) form once applies, and nitrogenous fertilizer is applied with aforementioned proportion, and base manure base when farming site preparation is applied, and fertilising is deep
Spend 10~15cm.Jointing fertilizer of turning green and ear manuer with urea (Henan XInlianxin Fertiliser Limited Company, " heart linked to heart " board urea, N >=
46%) form top application is applied.P, K are with 45% composite fertilizer (the limited public affairs of Anhui Si Erte fertilizer industry in rice season Optimum Fertilization Using
Department produces, potassium sulfate type, N, 15%；P2O5, 15%；K2O, 15%) form application, P is fertile to make base manure entirely, base when farming site preparation
Apply, 10~15cm of fertilization depth.Remaining K fertilizer, which promotees fertilizers for potted flowers, to be applied, with KCl (China Agricultural Production Group Co.'s import, White Russian
Ross is produced, K2O >=60%) form top application application；Optimum is utilized in coordination technique with remaining phosphorus element rice season in wheat season, is not applied
With phosphate fertilizer, K fertilizer bases apply 60%, when farming site preparation with KCl (China Agricultural Production Group Co.'s import, Byelorussia's production,
K2O >=60%) form application, 10~15cm of fertilization depth, promote fertilizers for potted flowers and apply 40%, with KCl (Chinese agriculture means of production groups
Company's import, Byelorussia's production, K2O >=60%) form top application application.
Wheat season rice straw returning to the field amount be 9000kghm-2, rice season Straw Weight of Wheat Return is 6000kghm-2。
According to production size after wheat season ferti-seeding, arranged during wheatland opens " well " type gutter so as to rainfall
Water, prevents wheatland ponding, and then influence wheat normal growth and development.A bar ditch are issued in general field at interval of 1.5~2.0m, arrange
The wide about 10~12cm in ditch, deep about 10~12cm.Rice season water management using early stage shallow water (5~6cm), mid-term put field, after
The management mode of phase alternation of wetting and drying.
During wheat, Rice Production, the field operation measure such as farming site preparation, fertilization mode and plant protection management and conventional life
Production mode is consistent, with general high yield crop field.
The specific test results such as rice wheat rotation agricultural land soil runoff nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient emission reduction effect and crop yield effect are combined
Following instance is explained：
Example 1：Rice wheat rotation Wheat in Field Growing season soil runoff nitrogen, the emission reduction of phosphorus nutrient and wheat stable yields effect
By taking Wheat Production experiment in 2014~2015 years as an example：
Under the conditions of conventional production management (crop field high-yield fertilization, crop field high yield field management), wheatland runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus are dense
Degree, nitrogen, phosphorus Loss in Runoff amount are respectively 18.07mgL-1、0.25mg·L-1、31.61kg·hm-2、0.44kg·hm-2.Using
Optimum Fertilization Using can substantially reduce Wheat Growing Soils nitrogen, phosphorus runoff loss (table 1).Runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient density are farmland soils
The main composition factor of earth nitrogen, phosphorus runoff loss, can significantly reduce Wheat Growing Soils runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus dense using Optimum Fertilization Using
(runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus concentration weighted average in multiple runoff process in the time of infertility) is spent respectively up to 17.05% and 15.19%；
Runoff water N and P losses amount is to characterize Wheat Growing Soils nitrogen, the key index of phosphorus linear reservoir amount, can be shown using Optimum Fertilization Using
Write and reduce wheat time of infertility nitrogen, phosphorus Loss in Runoff amount respectively up to 17.05% and 15.19%.
Under the conditions of conventional production management (crop field high-yield fertilization, crop field high yield field management), wheat yield up to 6.63 ×
103kg·hm-2.Though reducing wheat yield up to 8.78% using Optimum Fertilization Using, basic to maintain wheat stable yields, its yield is still
Up to 6.05 × 103kg·hm-2(table 1).
Nitrogen, phosphorus balance surplus amount are to characterize one of agricultural land soil nitrogen, leading indicator of phosphorus nutrient loss risk, are used
Optimum Fertilization Using can reduce Wheat Growing Soils Nitrogen balance surplus amount up to 3.04%, can substantially reduce Wheat Growing Soils phosphate equilibria and be full of
Surplus significantly reduces Wheat Growing Soils phosphorous loss risk up to 35.59%.
Wheat Growing Soils nitrogen, the emission reduction of phosphorus nutrient and wheat stable yields effect under the conditions of the Optimum of table 1
Wheat Growing Soils N and P losses risk control effect under the conditions of the Optimum of table 2
Example 2：Rice wheat rotation farmland rice growing season soil runoff nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient emission reduction effect and paddy rice stable yields effect
By taking Rice Production experiment in 2015 as an example：
Under the conditions of conventional production management (crop field high-yield fertilization, crop field high yield field management), rice field runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus are dense
Degree, nitrogen, phosphorus Loss in Runoff amount are respectively 3.03mgL-1、0.43mg·L-1、5.86kg·hm-2And 0.83kghm-2.Using
Optimum Fertilization Using and Optimum can substantially reduce rice field nitrogen, phosphorus footpath using coordination technique phosphorus element rice season with wheat season remnants
Stream loss (table 3).Runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient density are the main composition factors of agricultural land soil nitrogen, phosphorus runoff loss, using optimization
Fertilizer practice can significantly reduce rice field runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus concentration (runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus concentration in multiple runoff process in the time of infertility
Weighted average) respectively up to 8.11% and 38.86%.Coordination technique is utilized using Optimum and wheat season are remaining in phosphorus element rice season
Rice field runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus concentration (runoff water nitrogen, phosphorus concentration weighted average in multiple runoff process in the time of infertility can be significantly reduced
Value) respectively up to 8.91% and 57.78%；Runoff water N and P losses amount is to characterize paddy soil nitrogen, the key of phosphorus linear reservoir amount
Index, rice at whole growth periods nitrogen, phosphorus Loss in Runoff amount can be substantially reduced respectively up to 8.11% and using Optimum Fertilization Using
38.86%.Using Optimum and wheat season remaining phosphorus element rice season using coordination technique can substantially reduce rice at whole growth periods nitrogen,
Phosphorus Loss in Runoff amount is respectively up to 8.91% and 57.78%.
Under the conditions of conventional production management (crop field high-yield fertilization, crop field high yield field management), rice yield up to 8.83 ×
103kg·hm-2.Paddy rice stable yields can be maintained using Optimum Fertilization Using, rice yield slightly drops 4.15%, but difference is not notable.Together
When, though rice yield is reduced up to 6.79% using coordination technique using Optimum and wheat season remaining phosphorus element rice season, substantially
Paddy rice stable yields is maintained, its yield is still up to 8.23 × 103kg·hm-2(table 3).
Nitrogen, phosphorus balance surplus amount are to characterize one of agricultural land soil nitrogen, leading indicator of phosphorus nutrient loss risk, are used
Optimum Fertilization Using can substantially reduce paddy soil nitrogen, phosphorus balance surplus amount respectively up to 23.86% and 53.83%.Meanwhile, use
Optimum can substantially reduce paddy soil Nitrogen balance surplus amount using coordination technique phosphorus element rice season with wheat season remnants and reach
14.88%, and phosphorus element is presented this season and waned state, the amount of waning reaches 28.62kghm-2, pole significantly reduces paddy soil nitrogen, phosphorus stream
Go wrong danger (table 4).
Paddy soil nitrogen, the emission reduction of phosphorus nutrient and paddy rice under the conditions of the Optimum of table 3 is utilized with remaining phosphorus element rice season in wheat season
Stable yields effect
The risk control of paddy soil N and P losses is imitated under the conditions of the Optimum of table 4 is utilized with remaining phosphorus element rice season in wheat season
Really
Example 3：Rice wheat rotation agricultural land soil runoff nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient anniversary emission reduction and rice wheat anniversary stable yields effect
By taking wheat, the experiment of paddy rice whole year production in 2014~2015 years as an example：
Under the conditions of conventional production management (crop field high-yield fertilization, crop field high yield field management), rice wheat rotation farmland nitrogen, phosphorus week
Year, number of dropouts was respectively up to 37.47kghm-2And 1.27kghm-2(table 5).Runoff water N and P losses amount is to characterize agricultural land soil
The key index of nitrogen, phosphorus linear reservoir amount, rice wheat rotation farmland nitrogen, phosphorus runoff anniversary can be substantially reduced using Optimum Fertilization Using
Number of dropouts is respectively up to 15.64% and 30.71%.It can be shown using coordination technique using Optimum and wheat season remaining phosphorus element rice season
Write and reduce rice wheat rotation farmland nitrogen, phosphorus runoff anniversary number of dropouts respectively up to 15.77% and 43.31%.
Nitrogen, phosphorus balance surplus amount are to characterize one of agricultural land soil nitrogen, leading indicator of phosphorus nutrient loss risk, are used
Optimum Fertilization Using can substantially reduce rice wheat rotation agricultural land soil nitrogen, phosphorus balance surplus amount respectively up to 13.68% and 42.86%.
Meanwhile, rice wheat rotation agricultural land soil can be substantially reduced using coordination technique using Optimum and remaining phosphorus element rice season in wheat season
Nitrogen, phosphorus balance surplus amount are respectively up to 9.09% and 75.91%, and pole significantly reduces rice wheat rotation agricultural land soil N and P losses risk
(table 5).
Under the conditions of conventional production management (crop field high-yield fertilization, crop field high yield field management), the week annual production of rice wheat is up to 15.46
×103kg·hm-2.Though coordination technique reduction is utilized with remaining phosphorus element rice season in wheat season using Optimum Fertilization Using and Optimum
The week annual production of rice wheat is respectively up to 6.13% and 7.64%, but basic maintenance anniversary stable yields, and its yield still up to 14.51 ×
103kg·hm-2With 14.28 × 103kg·hm-2(table 5).
Wilfully force of labor is to characterize one of index of crop fertilizer utilization efficiency to nitrogenous fertilizer, is applied using Optimum Fertilization Using and optimization
Fertilizer and remaining phosphorus element rice season in wheat season using coordination technique be remarkably improved rice wheat anniversary nitrogenous fertilizer wilfully force of labor respectively up to 19.44%
With 17.56% (table 6).
The rice wheat rotation agricultural land soil Runoff nutrient anniversary under the conditions of the Optimum of table 5 is utilized with remaining phosphorus element rice season in wheat season
Emission reduction and potential loss risk control effect
Rice wheat anniversary fertilizer utilization efficiency lifting effect under the conditions of the Optimum of table 6 is utilized with remaining phosphorus element rice season in wheat season
Claims (8)
1. a kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintaining stable crop yield, it is characterised in that：In rice wheat production process,
Rice season, which subtracts, applies or does not apply phosphate fertilizer, utilizes wheat season remaining phosphorus element.
2. a kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintaining stable crop yield according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Wheat season optimizes fertilising, adjusts and reduce dose for N225kghm-2, P2O590kg·hm-2, K2O 90kg·hm-2, together
When, adjustment Operational of Nitrogen Among ratio is base manure：Dressing of turnning green stage：Jointing fertilizer：Ear manuer=70%：20%：10%；
Rice season optimizes fertilising, adjusts and reduce dose for N 270kghm-2, P2O567.5kg·hm-2, K2O 112.5kg·
hm-2, meanwhile, adjustment Operational of Nitrogen Among ratio is base manure：Tillering fertilizer：Promote fertilizers for potted flowers：Protect fertilizers for potted flowers=40%：30%：20%：10%；
Or rice season does not apply phosphate fertilizer, using wheat season remaining phosphorus element, dose is adjusted and reduced as N 270kghm-2, K2O
112.5kg·hm-2, Operational of Nitrogen Among ratio is adjusted to base manure：Tillering fertilizer：Promote fertilizers for potted flowers：Protect fertilizers for potted flowers=40%：30%：20%：
10%.
3. a kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction according to claim 1 or claim 2 and the method for maintaining stable crop yield, its feature
It is：
P, K fertilizer were made base manure and once applied in composite fertilizer's form wheat season, and the composite fertilizer is:Potassium sulfate type, N, 15%, P2O5,
15%th, K2O, 15%；Nitrogenous fertilizer is applied with ratio described in claim 2, and base manure base when farming site preparation is applied, and fertilization depth 10~
15cm；Jointing fertilizer of turning green and ear manuer are applied with the form of urea top application of N >=46%；
P, K fertilizer base manure are applied in composite fertilizer's form in rice season Optimum Fertilization Using, and the composite fertilizer is:Potassium sulfate type, N,
15%th, P2O5, 15%, K2O, 15%；P fertilizer makees base manure entirely, and base is applied when farming site preparation, 10~15cm of fertilization depth；Remaining K fertilizer
Promote fertilizers for potted flowers to apply, with K2The KCl forms top application of O >=60% is applied；
Or rice season does not apply phosphate fertilizer, K fertilizer bases apply 60%, with K when farming site preparation2The KCl forms of O >=60% are applied, fertilising
10~15cm of depth, promotees fertilizers for potted flowers and applies 40%, with K2The KCl forms top application of O >=60% is applied.
4. a kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction according to claim 1 or claim 2 and the method for maintaining stable crop yield, its feature
It is：According to production size after wheat season ferti-seeding, the draining during wheatland opens " well " type gutter so as to rainfall is prevented
Only wheatland ponding, and then influence wheat normal growth and development；A bar ditch, gutter are issued at interval of 1.5~2.0m in general field
Wide about 10~12cm, deep about 10~12cm；Rice season water management puts field, later stage dry and wet using 5~6cm of early stage shallow waters, mid-term
Alternate management mode.
5. a kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintaining stable crop yield according to claim 3, its feature exists
In：According to production size after wheat season ferti-seeding, the draining during wheatland opens " well " type gutter so as to rainfall is prevented
Wheatland ponding, and then influence wheat normal growth and development；A bar ditch, draining furrow width are issued at interval of 1.5~2.0m in general field
About 10~12cm, deep about 10~12cm；Rice season water management is put field, later stage dry and wet using 5~6cm of early stage shallow waters, mid-term and handed over
The management mode replaced.
6. a kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction according to claim 1 or claim 2 and the method for maintaining stable crop yield, its feature
It is：Wheat season rice straw returning to the field amount be 9000kghm-2, rice season Straw Weight of Wheat Return is 6000kghm-2；Wheat breed is selected
With the peaceful wheat 16 of spring habit middle gluten wheat, rice varieties are from the southern round-grained rice 9108 of Japonica rice.
7. a kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintaining stable crop yield according to claim 3, its feature exists
In：Wheat season rice straw returning to the field amount be 9000kghm-2, rice season Straw Weight of Wheat Return is 6000kghm-2；Wheat breed is selected
The peaceful wheat 16 of spring habit middle gluten wheat, rice varieties are from the southern round-grained rice 9108 of Japonica rice.
8. a kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintaining stable crop yield according to claim 4, its feature exists
In：Wheat season rice straw returning to the field amount be 9000kghm-2, rice season Straw Weight of Wheat Return is 6000kghm-2；Wheat breed is selected
The peaceful wheat 16 of spring habit middle gluten wheat, rice varieties are from the southern round-grained rice 9108 of Japonica rice.
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