CN105103698B - Soil preparation method for improving production performance of soil in sandy soil matrix greenhouse - Google Patents
Soil preparation method for improving production performance of soil in sandy soil matrix greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soil preparation method for improving the production performance of soil in a sandy soil matrix greenhouse. According to the method, field soil is partially added in a pure sandy soil farming layer, the three-dimensional structure that sand is covered with soil, soil is coated with fertilizer and ridges are high is formed, and the pure sandy soil productivity is greatly improved. Based on the soil dressing principle, the good rooting performance, moisture and fertilizer retention performance, buffer performance, biological performance and nutrient performance of the field soil are kept, the pure sand layer is utilized for cutting off surface layer soil capillary force, the humidity in the greenhouse is lowered, and therefore diseases caused by high humidity in the greenhouse are greatly reduced. The soil temperature of the farming layer in winter is increased due to the fact that the ridges are high, and therefore the growth of vegetable root systems is promoted. Accordingly, the soil production performance and the vegetable output are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to arable farming field, a kind of sandy soil substrate warmhouse booth life is substantially improved by making furrow entire technique
Produce the method for soil preparation of performance.
Background technology
In recent years, for the needs greatly developing industrialized agriculture on the basis of being not take up original arable land, Xinjiang South Sinkiang starts
Build warmhouse booth in desert area on a large scale, only Hotan Prefecture has just planned 100,000 mu of warmhouse booths, life partly has been put into
Produce.Because cultivated land resource is nervous, on the sand dune that oasis periphery is bulldozed, cultivation matrix is that soil content is low for warmhouse booth construction
In 5% fine sand, pure sand cannot provide normal soil perfect function, the booth vegetable growth that therefore pure sand cultivation matrix leads to
Malnutrition phenomenon is very universal.Specifically sandy soil major obstacle includes the following aspects: 1. malnutrition.Pure sand is almost
Can not be crop provide any nutrient, not only a great number of elements lack, and middle trace element also general lack of, in production should and
Turn round and look at the supply of a great number of elements and middle trace element, nutrient management difficulty is big.And normally soil can be micro- during crop provides in a large number
Secondary element nutrient, only needs in production supplement macronutrient, nutrient management is easier；2. physical property obstacle.
It is that pure sand unit weight is big first, plant takes root difficulty, next to that pure sand liquid manure is protected and stored ability, leak leakage is fertile, pours water and must fill less
Frequent irrigation, fertilising must Shaoshi duty be applied, and in production, vegetable is easy to by liquid manure stress affect to grow；3. chemical property obstacle.Pure
Husky cation exchange capacity (CEC) cec is little, and buffer capacity is poor, and the soil liquid is very sensitive to the Acidity of Aikalinity of irrigation fertilization, easily causes and pours water
And the harm of source of manure soda acid, and then affect fertilizer effectiveness, and normal soil has good shock-absorbing capacity to the Acidity of Aikalinity of liquid manure；
4. biological property obstacle.In normal soil, substantial amounts of beneficial microbe and harmful microorganism form equilibrium relation, mutually restrict, disease
Opportunistic pathogen is not easy to break out, and in pure sandy soil, microorganism total amount is low, more lacks microorganism species balance, and the harmful bacteria such as Fusarium spp. is very
Easily break out, plant disease management is difficult.And pure sandy soil are lacked due to microorganism, element exchange needs microbial metabolism to provide
Enzyme also lack, cause the fertilizer soil that applies to convert difficult.
Existing nutrients enrichment method mainly applies the feces of livestock and poultry becoming thoroughly decomposed, in a large number due to local large-scale cultivation poultry
Dejection organic fertilizer source is limited, and price is higher, adds that transport and every mu of booth fertilizer price of labour cost reach more than 3000 yuan,
And it is required to put into again fertilizer before per planting in season.
The method that in production, another one is commonly used is heavy metal pollution of soil, replaces the pure husky method of topsoil with high-quality soil.But
The method faces that high-quality soil source is difficult, quantities is big, transport and the high problem of labour cost.
The present invention utilizes soil moved in improve the original to improve principle, forms pure sand hill using relatively small number of rural area soil in arable layer and covers rural area soil
Cultivating bed, furrow overlying is husky, and the structure of overlay film under-film drip irrigation on sand, thus be substantially improved the pure sand of booth on the premise of quantities is relatively low
The method of native production performance.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to, a kind of method of soil preparation of lifting sandy soil substrate warmhouse booth soil production performance is provided,
The method passes through locally to add rural area soil in pure sandy soil arable layer, forms the three-dimensional knot of " sand hill soil " " soil bag is fertile " " high ridging "
Structure, the method that the pure sandy soil productivity is greatly improved.The method utilizes heavy metal pollution of soil principle, is taking into account rural area soil preferably taking root property
While energy, retain water and nutrients performance, shock-absorbing capacity, biological property, nutritional properties, cut off topsoil hollow billet using pure sand bed
Power, reduces humidity in canopy, thus the disease that canopy in because of high humidity cause is greatly decreased；Winter arable layer soil is lifted by high ridging
Earth temperature, and then the method promoting vegetable root system growth；Thus production performance and the yield of vegetables of soil is greatly improved.
A kind of method of soil preparation of lifting sandy soil substrate warmhouse booth soil production performance of the present invention, is changed using soil moved in improve the original
Good principle, forms pure sand hill using relatively small number of rural area soil in arable layer and covers Nutrition Soil cultivating bed, Nutrition Soil coats base manure, husky
The structure of upper overlay film under-film drip irrigation, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
Cultivation bed in a, smooth warmhouse booth, picks stone in sandy soil, straw, root stubble foreign body；
B, cultivation bed pure sandy soil (1) upper cover rural area soil 8cm, then the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields on rural area soil
90m3/ha；
C, with rotary cultivator rotary tillage 2 times, rural area soil, fertilizer, top layer sandy soil are sufficiently mixed into Nutrition Soil (2)；
D, according to planting vegetable species, the requirement to row spacing determines the position of ridge (3), opens 25cm deep in the middle of every ridge (3)
Ditch, bottom of trench applies fertilizer to the subsoil (4) for Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 375kg/ha, carbamide 150kg/ha, potassium sulfate 225kg/ha, the flat ditch of earthing；
E, the Nutrition Soil (2) of furrow (5) is turned over ridging upper in ridge (3), the purer sandy soil (1) under furrow (5) are routed up cover
Cover on ridge (3), until the thick pure sand bed of 5cm is formed on ridge, form the high 35-40cm in ridge, furrow width 50-55cm；
F, on ridge (3) away from two survey bank 12cm at each laying drip irrigation zone (6)；
G, in ridge (3) upper covering with plastic film (7), mulch film width is to covering furrow (5) bottom；
H, along under drip irrigation zone, according to growing vegetables require spacing in the rows field planting vegetable.
A kind of method of soil preparation of lifting sandy soil substrate warmhouse booth soil production performance of the present invention, the method is more normal
Regularly the clear superiority of method is following several respects:
1. can provide more preferable than conventional heavy metal pollution of soil on the premise of the more conventional heavy metal pollution of soil of rural area soil demand is greatly decreased
Combination property (physical property, chemical property, biology performance, nutritional properties), and build totle drilling cost and substantially reduce；Normal
Under the conditions of rule sandy soil, do not poured water more than three days, vegetable is just substantially suffered from drought, and according to the improved booth of this method, do not fill within seven days
Water also will not substantially be suffered from drought；
2. by sand hill soil, the fertile structure of soil bag, so that base fertilizer is concentrated near root area, in planting seedlings success, root system is opened
Begin will soon not resulting in base fertilizer and the wound to seedlings root for the seedlings root directly contact close to base fertilizer after lower bundle simultaneously again
Evil, is greatly improved the effectiveness of base fertilizer；
3. by rotary tillage, soil, sand, fertilizer are suitably blended, the seedling offer for customization is preferably colonized soil bar
Part, advantageously reduces seedling-slowing stage, promotes the even Seedling of Seedling to strengthen；
4. pass through high ridging, be conducive to soil warming, promote vegetable growth；
5. high ridging is conducive to reducing root area perniciousness harm by the leaching poured water；
6. pass through, sand on overlay film husky in ridge overlying, the mode of under-film drip irrigation, you can cut-out surface soil moisture hollow billet is made
With, again can in the case of heavy irrigation, by the smooth draining of the pure sand bed of furrow, thus canopy in air humidity is greatly reduced,
Reduce the generation of disease.Hot and humid in booth is the main cause of disease outburst.
Sandy soil substrate warmhouse booth soil production performance can be substantially improved by method of the present invention, and then significantly
Reduce booth management difficulty, improve booth vegetable yield.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the method for soil preparation furrow cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In March, 2015, carry out sandy soil substrate greenhouse in Hotan Prefecture Hetian County harmony Village e17, e19 and e21 canopy big
Canopy entire technique is tested, growing area width 7.5m in booth, and long 60m, e17 canopy carries out site preparation according to conventional method of soil preparation, as right
According to process, e19 canopy carries out site preparation according to the method described in the present invention, and e21 canopy carries out site preparation according to heavy metal pollution of soil, is for examination soil
Pure sandy soil, grind No. 4 for examination cucumber variety for Xinjin, and cropping pattern is a ridge two row mode, row spacing 70cm, and furrow width 50cm, on ridge
Overlay film, film web 1.40m, a film two row, using under-film drip irrigation fertilizer application mode, spacing in the rows 45cm, every canopy is actual to keep a full stand of seedings 1700 plants about.
Embodiment 1 (comparison)
Control treatment (e17 canopy): the conventional method of soil preparation adopting in producing, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
March 1 Fructus Cucumidis sativi starts nursery；
March 20 picked the foreign bodies such as the stone cultivating in sandy soil in bed, straw, root stubble, and cultivation bed material soil is put down
Whole；
March 25, the chicken manure 4m becoming thoroughly decomposed uniformly is spread fertilizer over the fields on pure sandy soil 13, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 17kg, carbamide 7kg and potassium sulfate
10kg；
March 26, with rotary cultivator rotary tillage 2 times, fertilizer, base fertilizer are sufficiently mixed into Nutrition Soil 2 with top layer sand；
March 27, mark the position on ridge according to 1.2m row spacing, then the part Nutrition Soil 2 of furrow 5 is turned over and rise on ridge 3
Ridge, forms the high 15-20cm in ridge, row spacing 70cm, furrow width 50cm；Survey each laying drip irrigation zone 6 at bank 12cm away from two on ridge 3；?
The wide black mulch film 7 of 1.4m is covered on ridge；
April 1, along under drip irrigation zone, the spacing in the rows according to 45cm is colonized cucumber seedling.
Embodiment 2
Method of soil preparation for the present invention processes (e19 canopy), and concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
March 1 Fructus Cucumidis sativi starts nursery；
March 20 transported booth by cultivating bed top layer 8cm sandy soil, picked the stone cultivating in sandy soil in bed, straw, root stubble
Deng foreign body, and cultivation bed material soil is carried out smooth；
March 25 transported 30m from neighbouring farmland3Rural area soil, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields on Shamian Island, defines field on pure sandy soil 1
Garden mould layer, soil thickness is about 8cm, then spreads fertilizer over the fields the chicken manure 4m becoming thoroughly decomposed on rural area soil3；
March 26, with rotary cultivator rotary tillage 2 times, rural area soil, fertilizer are sufficiently mixed into Nutrition Soil 2 with top layer sand；
March 27, mark the position on ridge 3 according to 1.2m row spacing, open the deep ditch of 25cm in the middle of every ridge 3, bottom of trench applies fertilizer to the subsoil 4
For Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 17kg, carbamide 7kg and potassium sulfate 10kg, the flat ditch of earthing；
Then whole Nutrition Soils 2 of furrow 5 are turned over ridging on ridge 3, the purer sand under furrow 5 is routed up covering on ridge 3
On, until the thick pure sand bed of 5cm is formed on ridge, form the high 30-35cm in ridge, the ridge 3 of row spacing 70cm, furrow width 50cm；
Survey each laying drip irrigation zone 6 at bank 12cm away from two on ridge 3；
The wide black mulch film 7 of 1.4m is covered on 3 on ridge；
April 1, along under drip irrigation zone, the spacing in the rows according to 45cm is colonized cucumber seedling.
Embodiment 3
Land preparation mode for heavy metal pollution of soil processes (e21 canopy), and concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
March 1 Fructus Cucumidis sativi starts nursery；
March 20 transported booth by cultivating bed top layer 16cm sandy soil, picked the stone cultivating in sandy soil in bed, straw, root
The foreign bodies such as stubble, and cultivation bed material soil is carried out smooth；
March 25 transported 60m from neighbouring farmland3Rural area soil, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields on Shamian Island, defines field on pure sandy soil 1
Garden mould layer, soil thickness is about 16cm, then spreads fertilizer over the fields the chicken manure 4m becoming thoroughly decomposed on rural area soil3；
March 26, with rotary cultivator rotary tillage 2 times, rural area soil, top layer sand are sufficiently mixed into Nutrition Soil with fertilizer with base manure
2；
March 27, mark the position on ridge 3 according to 1.2m row spacing, then the part Nutrition Soil 2 of furrow 5 is turned over and rise on ridge 3
Ridge, forms the high 15-20cm in ridge, row spacing 70cm, furrow width 50cm；Survey each laying drip irrigation zone 6 at bank 12cm away from two on ridge 3；?
The wide black mulch film 7 of 1.4m is covered on ridge；
April 1, along under drip irrigation zone 6, the spacing in the rows according to 45cm is colonized cucumber seedling.
Embodiment 4
It is managed according to the management method of high-yield culturing code in the Fructus Cucumidis sativi period of duration that embodiment 1-3 is processed；May 1
Hang calamity, May 20 lower first batch of Fructus Cucumidis sativi, July 20 end of day；
Mensure project and method:
The mensure of Fructus Cucumidis sativi growing way: May 20, each process randomly selected continuous 10 plants, measures plant height with tape measure, uses
The stem that digital calipers measure 5-6 internode is thick, and leaf area is that the 6th leaf is complete to the up-to-date fully deployed blade in top from the bottom up
Portion's leaf area sum, single leaf leaf area adopts empirical formula method to calculate: leaf area=0.5 × leaf width × leaf length+0.25 × leaf
Wide2；
Chlorophyll spad value measures: measures the spad value of blade using spad-502 type chlorophyll meter, May 20, often
Individual process randomly selects the middle part of 50 consistent fully deployed blades of growing way, avoids vein and the position having damage, is averaged
Value；
The mensure of cucumber yield: often process and select continuous 10 plants, the knot melon number of Fructus Cucumidis sativi won every time in record, yield,
Calculate average melon weight；
The mensure of powdery mildew of cucumber disease index: cucumber at seedling stage powdery mildew grade scale: 0 grade, asymptomatic；1 grade, blade goes out
Existing white lead symptom is less than the 50% of total leaf area；2 grades, 50% that white lead symptom exceedes total leaf area in blade；3 grades, leaf
Piece is wilted or withered, only growing point survival；4 grades, plant is withered；
Disease index=∑ (state of an illness rank × this grade of diseased plant tree) × 100%/(investigation total strain number × highest level)
Result of the test:
The impact to cucumber growth for the different site preparations process:
May 20 showed on the growing way measurement result of Fructus Cucumidis sativi: different entire techniques cause appreciable impact to the growth of Fructus Cucumidis sativi.
Due to the restriction at water source, rotation irrigation cycle can also reach a filling in 3-5 days before May, reaches a filling in 7 days when entering May, due to
Sandy soil retain water and nutrients ability, irrigation frequency, prolongation affected to control treatment yield, and heavy metal pollution of soil and the present invention
Method, due to the good water retention property of root layer soil, substantially being extended irrigation frequency is affected table 1；
The different site preparation of table 1 processes the impact to cucumber growth
| Plant height (cm) | Stem is thick (mm) | Leaf area (cm2) | Spad value | |
| Embodiment 1 compares | 184b | 9b | 9600b | 37b |
| Embodiment 2 present invention | 235a | 13a | 13400a | 44a |
| Embodiment 3 heavy metal pollution of soil | 240a | 12a | 12700a | 45a |
(note: each column difference letter representation difference reaches 5% significant level, similarly hereinafter)
Result of the test shows, compares with heavy metal pollution of soil, and the inventive method can be real under conditions of engineering cost is greatly reduced
Existing identical growing way appearance, equal zero difference plant height, stem be thick, in the index such as leaf area per plant and chlorophyll concentration, but at two
Reason is all remarkably higher than control treatment in each index.Comparison leaf color is partially shallow, and other two process leaf colors are dark green.
The impact to powdery mildew of cucumber disease index for the different site preparations process:
Powdery mildew of cucumber is often fallen ill in fruiting period, and hot and humid in canopy is the major reason fallen ill, and result of the test shows,
New site preparation method, due to having cut off table soil capillarity, drip irrigation system oozes the water coming and oozes from sandy soil layer rapidly, drip irrigation process
Middle no runoff occurs, no hydrops all the time in ridge face and ditch, and air humidity is well controlled, and because edaphic condition is good,
Seedling length more sturdy, resistances against diseases are strong, do not catch an illness in period of duration.Although conventional treatment pour water down ooze also quickly, by
In sandy soil retain water and nutrients performance and other poor performance, extend the various disorders that the moisture restriction leading to causes irrigation frequency, lead to
The long relative deviation of Fructus Cucumidis sativi, premunition is weak, has plant part powdery mildew, is controlled by the chemicals treatment state of an illness.Heavy metal pollution of soil
Because topsoil water holding capacity is strong, after pouring water, air humidity is big, powdery mildew more serious although the state of an illness is controlled by medicine,
But the yield of Fructus Cucumidis sativi still causes necessarily impact table 2.
The different site preparation of table 2 processes the impact to powdery mildew of cucumber disease index
| Disease index (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 compares | 6.0±0.7 |
| Embodiment 2 present invention | 0 |
| Embodiment 3 heavy metal pollution of soil | 22.1±1.3 |
The impact that different site preparations process are constituted to cucumber yield:
Result of the test shows, with heavy metal pollution of soil ratio, the method for the invention, yield is slightly higher, and main cause is the inventive method
Mean fruit weight apparently higher than heavy metal pollution of soil, and tie the not notable table 3 of melon sum difference.
The different site preparation of table 3 processes the impact that cucumber yield is constituted
| Knot melon sum (pi/m2) | Yield (kg/m2) | Average melon weight (g) | |
| Embodiment 1 compares | 58.9b | 11.8c | 201c |
| Embodiment 2 present invention | 66.3a | 16.9a | 255a |
| Embodiment 3 heavy metal pollution of soil | 66.7a | 15.6b | 234b |
All far above comparison, yield lifting amplitude reaches 32-43%, either ties the yield of the inventive method and heavy metal pollution of soil
Still mean fruit weight is all remarkably higher than comparison to melon sum.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method of soil preparation of lifting sandy soil substrate warmhouse booth soil production performance it is characterised in that improved former using soil moved in improve the original
Reason, forms pure sand hill using relatively small number of rural area soil in arable layer and covers Nutrition Soil cultivating bed, Nutrition Soil coats base manure, husky overlying
Film, the structure of under-film drip irrigation, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
Cultivation bed in a, smooth warmhouse booth, picks stone in sandy soil, straw, root stubble；
B, cultivation bed pure sandy soil (1) upper cover rural area soil 8 cm, then fertilizer 90 m becoming thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields on rural area soil3/
ha；
C, with rotary cultivator rotary tillage 2 times, rural area soil, fertilizer, top layer sandy soil are sufficiently mixed into Nutrition Soil (2)；
D, according to planting vegetable species, the requirement to row spacing determines the position of ridge (3), opens 25 cm deep in the middle of each ridge (3)
Ditch, bottom of trench applies fertilizer to the subsoil (4) for Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 375 kg/ha, carbamide 150 kg/ha, potassium sulfate 225 kg/ha, the flat ditch of earthing；
E, the Nutrition Soil (2) of furrow (5) is turned over ridging upper in ridge (3), the purer sandy soil (1) under furrow (5) are routed up covering and exist
On ridge (3), until the thick pure sand bed of 5cm is formed on ridge, form ridge high 30-35 cm, furrow width 50-55 cm；
F, on ridge (3) away from two survey bank 12 cm at each laying drip irrigation zone (6)；
G, in ridge (3) upper covering with plastic film (7), mulch film width is to covering furrow (5) bottom；
H, along drip irrigation zone, the spacing in the rows field planting vegetable that requires according to growing vegetables.
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| CN106961870B (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2022-11-29 | 甘肃禾盛农业节水有限公司 | Irrigation and drainage system for pepper planting and irrigation and drainage method thereof |
| CN110495332A (en) * | 2018-05-20 | 2019-11-26 | 陕西彬翔农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method that facility plastic greenhouse crop is poured |
| CN111919535B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-08-05 | 福建农林大学 | Method for improving yellow river sleeve salinized land by planting mushroom grass by utilizing mushroom bran as resource |
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| GB1453486A (en) * | 1974-03-05 | 1976-10-20 | Lewin G E W | Method and device for soil improvement |
| CN101422110A (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-05-06 | 杨鸿珠 | Desert controlling method |
| CN101849453A (en) * | 2009-04-04 | 2010-10-06 | 高清 | Earth surface planting desert reforming technology |
| CN102656971B (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2015-01-28 | 郝国成 | Production method and application of sandy land conditioner made from bentonite |
| CN104186058B (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-06-22 | 深圳市翠绿洲环境艺术有限公司 | A kind of prone soil modification method |
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