CN103190261A - Mulching method for dry-farmed potatoes - Google Patents
Mulching method for dry-farmed potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN103190261A CN103190261A CN201310068066XA CN201310068066A CN103190261A CN 103190261 A CN103190261 A CN 103190261A CN 201310068066X A CN201310068066X A CN 201310068066XA CN 201310068066 A CN201310068066 A CN 201310068066A CN 103190261 A CN103190261 A CN 103190261A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mulching method for dry-farmed potatoes. The mulching method for dry-farmed potatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps: on the basis of fine soil preparation before sowing, manually or mechanically making a ridge with the ridge bottom width of 50cm, the ridge top width of 30cm and the ridge height of 15cm; covering the ridge with a 75cm-wide mulch; sowing two rows of potatoes into one ridge, and sowing the seed potatoes at 2/3 positions of the ridge sides from the ridge top to the ridge bottom, with the row spacing of 40cm and the sowing depth of 8-10cm; according to the nutrient status of soil, applying 50kg of compound fertilizer into each mu (a Chinese area unit) of soil; before ridging, applying the fertilizer in the middle of the ridge bottom; and mulching before sowing, and dibbling according to a shape of delta formed by three squares. By the mulching method, the yield of the potatoes is 69.8 percent higher than that during outdoor sowing and 63.09 percent higher than that in an ordinary mulching way; the utilization efficiency of moisture is as high as 127.4kg/ (hm2.mm) and is 97.71 percent higher than that during the outdoor sowing and 82.67 percent higher than that in the ordinary mulching way; and in the tuber forming period, the moisture content in 0-40cm soil is as high as 17.83 percent and is 20 percent higher than that during the outdoor sowing and 77 percent higher than that in the ordinary mulching way.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, relate to a kind of film covering method of dry farming potato culture.
Background technology
Potato is the fourth-largest cereal crops in the world after wheat, paddy rice and corn, and it both can be the natural characteristic that dish also can be worked as grain, and was significant to grain security.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is located in arid, semiarid zone, shortage of water resources, and the whole district ploughs belongs to dry farming cultivation more than 80%, and rainfall is not enough and soil moisture wanes becomes the key factor of restriction autonomous region potato yield raising.Therefore, how to use catchment, largest production potentiality that existing precipitation is excavated in retaining, water conservation measure, be the key that autonomous region's potato yield improves.Improving the precipitation availability has number of ways, and directly suppressing water evaporates is one of important channel.
Plastic mulching can obviously reduce soil water evaporation and the following invalid rainfall of collection 5mm is effective precipitation, thereby improves the precipitation availability, can also increase soil temperature, therefore is acknowledged as promoting one of culture technique key element that the crop yield contribution is maximum.Film-mulching technique starts from Japan, develops rapidly after the introducing China in 1978, especially is used widely in the arid and semi-arid area, and becomes one of important technology to boost crop yield means.But owing to the difference of weather, soil, kind etc., the plastic-film-covered cultivation Technology Need in suitable area, Wuchuan County, the Inner Mongol is research and discussion further.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to remedy blank of the prior art, a kind of film covering method of dry farming potato culture is provided, this method is a kind of film-covering planting pattern of ridging overlay film film side sowing.
Its concrete technical scheme is:
A kind of film covering method of dry farming potato culture, may further comprise the steps: before broadcasting on the basis on meticulous whole ground, it is 50cm that artificial or machinery is done the ridge bottom width, the ridge top width is 30cm, the ridge height is the ridge of 15cm, adopts the wide plastic mulching of 75cm, a bed planting two row, potato seed sowing the ridge side from the top, ridge at the bottom of the ridge 2/3 place, line-spacing 40cm.Seed level 8-10cm is according to soil nutrient status, about every mu of sealing fertilizer 50kg.Fertilizer executed before the ridging in the middle of at the bottom of the ridge, sow behind the first overlay film, plant by the punching of " product " font.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Through changing 3 aspects relatively from output, water use efficiency and soil moisture, the film covering method ridging overlay film film side sowing effect of dry farming potato culture of the present invention is best, output is than outdoor sowing volume increase 69.8%, more common film mulching method volume increase 63.09%, water use efficiency reaches 127.4kg/ (hm
2Mm), improve 97.71% than outdoor sowing, more common film mulching method improves 82.67%.Stem tuber forms the phase, and the 0-40cm soil water content reaches 17.83%, increases by 20% than outdoor sowing, and more common film mulching method increases by 77%.Therefore, ridging overlay film film side sowing can be used as the film-covering planting pattern of regional dry farming potato first-selection to the north of the Yinshan Mountains such as Wuchuan County.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the distribution map of precipitation during the dry farming potato gives birth to;
Fig. 2 is the variation diagram of dry farming potato fields 0～80cm soil average external volume water content between breeding time;
Fig. 3 is the vertical change figure of dry farming potato fields on the 22nd 0～80cm soil volumetric(al) moisture content in July;
Fig. 4 is the vertical change figure of dry farming potato fields on the 15th 0～80cm soil volumetric(al) moisture content in September.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples technical scheme of the present invention is done explanation in further detail.
The film covering method of dry farming potato culture of the present invention requires to select for use the high virus-free seed potato of quality, and precipitation is few during the potato fertility, does the area morning of single little precipitation and adopts.
The test region overview
Tested in the 5-9 month in 2011 and carry out in Wuchuan County, Inner Mongol soybean shop village.Test region soil is loam, 0～20cm topsoil soils content of organic matter 0.8%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 26.6mg/kg, available phosphorus content 28mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 149.27mg/kg, pH6.Test region year sunshine duration 2959.5h, 2.4 ℃ of average annual temperature, 1955.2 ℃ of 〉=10 ℃ of accumulated temperature, about average annual precipitation 352.1mm, year evaporation discharge 2068.0mm is about 105 days frost-free seasons.
Test material
Supplying examination potato kind is ' restraining new No. one ', is MP-3005km for trying water-loss reducer, plants precious antitranspirant for trying antitranspirant for drought dew.
Experimental scheme
Film mulching method, drought resistance agent two factors are established in test.Film mulching method is established the open country flat planting, flat is done that row goes up that overlay film, the full film in two ridge cover, ridging capable on overlay film and 5 kinds of modes of ridging overlay film film side sowing, represent with code name CK, PZHS, QFM, QLHS, QLMC respectively; Drought resistance agent is the mode that anti-drought water-retaining agent+antitranspirant combines, and, represents totally 10 processing, 3 repetitions respectively not execute the contrast that is treated to of drought resistance agent with code name B and A.Residential quarter area 5.5m * 8m=44m
2, stay aisle 60cm between the repetition, adopt randomised block design.Density 52500 strains/hm
2Base is executed nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (16-16-20) 750kg/hm during sowing
2Before broadcasting water-loss reducer and water are made hydrogel by 1: 150, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in the cave per hectare consumption 37.5kg.Seedling stage, stem tuber expanding stage per hectare spray 7.5L antitranspirant+375L water+1.5L multifunctional regulator respectively, and contrast sprays the equivalent clear water.
Open country flat planting: wide capable 70cm, narrow row 40cm.
The flat row of doing is gone up overlay film: wide capable 70cm, narrow row 40cm, film upper seeding wheel 2 row.
The full film in two ridges covers: big micro-ridge plantation, and the equal overlay film of ridge and ditch, the big high 10cm in ridge, row spacing 70cm, the high 15cm of micro-ridge, row spacing 40cm, the furrow in the middle of the big micro-ridge is seed furrow.
Overlay film on ridging is capable: ridging overlay film, ridge bottom width 70cm, ridge top width 50cm, the high 15cm in ridge, furrow width 40cm, ridge upper seeding wheel 2 row, line-spacing 40cm.
The sowing of ridging overlay film film side: the ridging overlay film, ridge bottom width 50cm, ridge top width 30cm, the potato seed sowing is being pushed up to ridge side 2/3 place, line-spacing 40cm from the ridge.
Different film mulching methods all adopt wide-narrow row planting, and wide every trade is apart from 70cm, narrow row line-spacing 40cm, and spacing in the rows 34.6cm sows behind the first overlay film, plants by the punching of " product " font.
Testing index and method
Output and yield traits: every residential quarter is got 20 strains and is surveyed the product species test before the results, calculates stem tuber output, and the analysing output constituent element is calculated big-and-middle potato heavily rate and digit rate.Soil moisture content: measure 0～80cm soil layer soil moisture content before the sowing, in breeding time and during results, measure 1 value every 20cm, namely measure 0～20cm respectively, 20～40cm, 40～60cm, the soil moisture content of 60～80cm locates and goes up between adjacent 2 strains into going.Adopt the Trime-TDR soil nmoisture content analyser to measure.Before broadcasting 1 week of back, stem tuber formation phase and results, adopt earth boring auger to fetch earth simultaneously and dry weight method mensuration soil moisture content, so that the TDR determination data is proofreaied and correct.Rainfall adopts the rain gauge method to measure in breeding time.Test data all adopts Excel2003 and SPSS17.0 analysis software to carry out statistical analysis.
Dry farming potato yield and constituent element thereof under the different film mulching methods of table 1
Different film mulching methods are to the influence of dry farming potato yield and yield component
As shown in Table 1, no matter do not execute drought resistance agent or use under the drought resistance agent condition, the potato yield of 4 kinds of film mulching methods all is higher than CK, and its amount of increase in production size shows as QLMC＞QFM＞QLHS＞PZHS.Do not execute under the drought resistance agent condition, the volume variance of QLMC, QFM, QLHS3 kind film mulching method and CK all reaches significance level, but the volume variance between 3 kinds of film mulching methods does not reach significance level; Use under the drought resistance agent condition, the volume variance of QLMC, QFM2 kind film mulching method and CK reaches significance level, but the volume variance between 2 kinds of film mulching methods does not reach significance level.Under the film mulching method of the same race, the output of using drought resistance agent is higher than the output of not executing drought resistance agent, its amount of increase in production size shows as PZHS＞QLMC＞QFM＞CK＞QLHS, and amount of increase in production is respectively 37.11%, 19.96%, 18.93%, 10.96%, 4.24%, but does not all reach significance level.Table 1 is the result also show, overlay film and use drought resistance agent and all be conducive to improve dry farming potato individual plant knot potato number, and except PZHSA, QFMA and QLHSB, the heavy and single plant yield of single potato also is higher than CK.
Dry farming potato water consumption and water use efficiency under the different film mulching methods of table 2
Different film mulching methods are to the influence of dry farming potato water use efficiency
As shown in Table 2, no matter do not execute drought resistance agent or use under the drought resistance agent condition, the potato water use efficiency of 4 kinds of film mulching methods all is higher than CK, and its increasing degree size shows as QLMC＞QFM＞QLHS＞PZHS.Do not execute under the drought resistance agent condition, have only the water use efficiency difference of QLMC and CK to reach significance level, and the water use efficiency difference between QLMC, QFM, the QLHS3 kind film mulching method does not reach significance level.Use under the drought resistance agent condition, the water use efficiency difference of QLMC, QFM2 kind film mulching method and CK reaches significance level, but the water use efficiency difference between these 2 kinds of film mulching methods does not reach significance level.Under the film mulching method of the same race, except QLHS, the water use efficiency of using drought resistance agent all is higher than the water use efficiency of not executing drought resistance agent, its increasing degree size shows as QFM＞QLMC＞PZHS＞CK, amplification is respectively 23.23%, 19.78%, 16.90%, 0.62%, but does not all reach significance level.
The influence of soil water content during different film mulching methods are given birth to the dry farming potato
The variation of potato fields 0～80cm soil average moisture content can be found out that by Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 May, precipitation was few to early June between breeding time, but soil moisture content all has increase by a small margin, illustrates that overlay film has certain soil moisture conservation effect.After early June, emerge to the consumption of moisture because of potato sprouts, soil moisture content is decreased.In July, because the natural precipitation amount increases, soil moisture content obviously increases, and the soil moisture content of 4 kinds of film mulching methods all is higher than CK, illustrate that overlay film has the collection rain effect that preserves soil moisture, and wherein the QFM soil moisture content is the highest, illustrates that QFM collection rain effect is best.Beginning on July 13, no matter do not execute drought resistance agent or use under the drought resistance agent condition, soil moisture content obviously descends, thus the time plant strain growth water consumption big, particularly under QFM, the QLMC2 kind film mulching method because growth increment is bigger, it is bigger that soil moisture content reduces amplitude.August, soil moisture content continue to reduce, and the soil moisture ratio of using drought resistance agent not execute the amplitude that the soil moisture content of drought resistance agent reduces big, may be because precipitation is less during this, potato plant growth water consumption is bigger, and plant has absorbed due to the part moisture that water-loss reducer preserves.Wherein: Fig. 2 A shows is variation with the 0-80cm soil average external volume water content between breeding time of several film mulching method under the drought resistance agent condition.May, precipitation was few to early June, but soil moisture content all has increase by a small margin, illustrated that overlay film has certain soil moisture conservation effect.After early June, emerge to the consumption of moisture because of potato sprouts, soil moisture content is decreased.July, because the natural precipitation amount increases, soil moisture content obviously increases, and the soil moisture content of 4 kinds of film mulching methods all is higher than CK, illustrates that overlay film has collection rain soil moisture conservation effect, beginning on July 13, soil moisture content obviously descends, therefore the plant strain growth water consumption is big the time, particularly under QFM, the QLMC2 kind film mulching method because growth increment is bigger, it is bigger that soil moisture content reduces amplitude.In August, soil moisture content continues to reduce, but reduces gently, until soil moisture content changes less before the results.What Fig. 2 B showed is the variation of using several film mulching methods 0-80cm soil average external volume water content between breeding time under the drought resistance agent condition.The potato fields 0-80cm soil moisture content of several film mulching methods changes similar and the variation of not executing the drought resisting drought resistance agent between breeding time.But it is big to reduce amplitude than the soil moisture content of not executing drought resistance agent after dividing August, and reason is that precipitation is less during this, and potato plant growth water consumption is bigger, and plant has absorbed due to the part moisture of water-loss reducer preservation.
The vertical change of dry farming potato fields soil moisture is shown in Fig. 3,4 under the different film mulching methods, and along with the propelling of fertility, the situation of change of potato field soil moisture there are differences in different soil under the different film mulching methods.Fig. 3 A schemes to show that do not executing under the condition of drought resistance agent, along with the propelling of fertility, the situation of change of potato field soil moisture there are differences under the different film mulching methods in different soil.July 22, potato is in stem tuber and forms the phase, and 0～40cm soil layer soil moisture content amplitude of variation is little, but QLMC and QFM dual mode are higher than CK, especially with the QLMC maximum.Illustrate that QLMC and QFM have tangible collection rain soil moisture conservation effect.
Fig. 3 B schemes to show, using under the condition of drought resistance agent, propelling along with fertility, the situation of change of potato field soil moisture is substantially similar in appearance to not executing drought resistance agent under the different film mulching methods, but under the film mulching method of the same race, 0～40cm soil layer soil moisture content all is higher than the soil moisture content of not executing drought resistance agent; And 40～80cm soil layer, the soil moisture content of using drought resistance agent all is lower than the soil moisture content of not executing drought resistance agent.This is owing to use drought resistance agent and reduced the following of soil moisture and ooze, and makes moisture more be kept at 0～40cm soil layer.Fig. 4 A does not execute the variation of 0-80cm soil moisture before several film mulching method potato harvests under the drought resistance agent condition.Show among the figure that in the potato maturing stage, the vertical change of 0～80cm soil moisture shows as: 0～10cm soil layer, the soil moisture content of QLMC are higher than CK not overlay film and other two kinds of film mulching methods except being lower than the QFM mode; 20～40cm soil layer, the soil moisture content of QLMC are higher than not overlay film and other several film mulching methods.Illustrate that QFM can effectively increase top layer 0～10cm soil layer soil moisture content, QLMC can make the soil moisture content of 20～40cm be in higher level, is conducive to the main distribution layer of potato root system to the absorption of moisture.Fig. 4 B uses the variation of 0-80cm soil moisture before several film mulching method potato harvests under the drought resistance agent condition.The variation tendency of the 0-10cm that shows among the figure and 20-40cm soil moisture is similar in appearance to the variation tendency of not executing under the drought resistance agent condition.
July 22, potato is in stem tuber and forms the phase, no matter do not execute drought resistance agent or use under the drought resistance agent condition, 0～40cm soil layer soil moisture content amplitude of variation is all little, but the soil moisture content of 4 kinds of film mulching methods all is higher than CK, wherein secondly the QLMC maximum is QFM, illustrates that overlay film has tangible collection rain effect.Under the film mulching method of the same race, 0～40cm soil layer, the soil moisture content of using drought resistance agent all is higher than the soil moisture content of not executing drought resistance agent; 40～80cm soil layer, the soil moisture content of using drought resistance agent all is lower than the soil moisture content of not executing drought resistance agent.This is owing to use drought resistance agent and reduced the following of soil moisture and ooze, and makes moisture more be kept at 0～40cm soil layer.September 15, potato is in the maturing stage, and this phase vertical change of 0～80cm soil moisture shows as: 0～10cm soil layer, the soil moisture content of 4 kinds of film mulching methods are all greater than CK, and wherein secondly the QFM maximum is QLMC; 20～40cm soil layer, secondly the soil moisture content maximum of QLMC is QFM.Illustrate that QFM can effectively increase top layer 0～10cm soil layer soil moisture content, QLMC can make the soil moisture content of 20～40cm be in higher level.
This test changes 3 aspects relatively from output, water use efficiency and soil moisture, and ridging overlay film film side sowing effect is best, can be used as the film-covering planting pattern of regional dry farming potato first-selection to the north of the Yinshan Mountains such as Wuchuan County.
The above; only be the preferable embodiment of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence are replaced and are all fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the film covering method of a dry farming potato culture, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: before broadcasting on the basis on meticulous whole ground, it is 50cm that artificial or machinery is done the ridge bottom width, the ridge top width is 30cm, the ridge height is the ridge of 15cm, adopts the wide plastic mulching of 75cm, a bed planting two row, potato seed sowing the ridge side from the top, ridge at the bottom of the ridge 2/3 place, line-spacing 40cm, seed level 8-10cm is according to soil nutrient status, every mu of sealing fertilizer 50kg, fertilizer executed before the ridging in the middle of at the bottom of the ridge, sow behind the first overlay film, plant by the punching of " product " font.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103460967A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-25 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Micro-ridge film-mulched side-sown agronomic method for dry farming potatoes |
| CN103460844A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-25 | 杨彬 | High-ridge ridge-side double-row film-mulching and drop-irrigation planting method and special sowing machine |
| CN104322238A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2015-02-04 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Process-machine integral cultivation method for cultivating potatoes in northern dry land |
| CN105103913A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-02 | 大禹节水（天津）有限公司 | Double-row staggered planting method for potato |
| CN105794505A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-27 | 张琴芳 | Ridge size determination method for ridged cultivation |
| CN105875130A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-08-24 | 华池县农业技术推广中心 | Whole-film double-furrow side seeding technology for soybeans in arid land |
| CN106706722A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-05-24 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | Transplanted tree state monitoring system |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103460844A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-25 | 杨彬 | High-ridge ridge-side double-row film-mulching and drop-irrigation planting method and special sowing machine |
| CN103460844B (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2016-07-06 | 杨彬 | Side, high ridge ridge duplicate rows covering membrane and drop irrigation implantation methods and special seeder |
| CN103460967A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-25 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Micro-ridge film-mulched side-sown agronomic method for dry farming potatoes |
| CN104322238A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2015-02-04 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Process-machine integral cultivation method for cultivating potatoes in northern dry land |
| CN105794505A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-27 | 张琴芳 | Ridge size determination method for ridged cultivation |
| CN105875130A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-08-24 | 华池县农业技术推广中心 | Whole-film double-furrow side seeding technology for soybeans in arid land |
| CN105103913A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-02 | 大禹节水（天津）有限公司 | Double-row staggered planting method for potato |
| CN106706722A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-05-24 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | Transplanted tree state monitoring system |
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Application publication date: 20130710 |