CN106386114A - Oilseed rape seedling-raising transplanting method - Google Patents
Oilseed rape seedling-raising transplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106386114A CN106386114A CN201610800196.1A CN201610800196A CN106386114A CN 106386114 A CN106386114 A CN 106386114A CN 201610800196 A CN201610800196 A CN 201610800196A CN 106386114 A CN106386114 A CN 106386114A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of crop planting, and discloses an oilseed rape seedling-raising transplanting method. The method includes: selection of rape seeds, once mechanical sowing seedling-raising, management of seedling beds, and field transplanting; the once mechanical sowing seedling-raising includes using a seedling bed sowing machine having a sowing assembly, a rotary tillage assembly and a disc plough to complete turning over, ditching, fertilizing, sowing and soil covering once. The area ratio of the seedling beds and the field is 1:9-10; a base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the use amount of the base fertilizer is 450-525 Kg/hm<2>; the compound fertilizer includes at least 15 wt% of nitrogen elements, phosphorus elements, and potassium elements respectively. According to the method, the oilseed rape planting method can be simplified, and the labor intensity of artificial planting can be relieved; an improved seedling bed sowing machine is used to perform sowing, the seedling emergency is neat and even, high seedlings and weak seedlings can be reduced, the quality of young seedlings of the oilseed rape is ensured, and the sowing amount can be adjusted; and the method can be used for direct-sowing production of the oilseed rape and can reduce input cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field is and in particular to a kind of Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings.
Background technology
Brassica campestris L is oil crop important in the world, is also protein, feedstuff, the energy, nectar source and soil improving crop simultaneously, tool
There is very high comprehensive utilization value.In global rapeseed cultivation area and total output, china rape cultivated area occupies second
Position, total output occupy the 3rd.
At present, the rapeseed cultivation mode of China mainly has live and two kinds of culturing and transplanting seedlings, and wherein, Planting Patterns have
Significantly advantage：1) it is remarkably improved crop yield；2) solve many batches of crops and connect a batch contradiction, raise the multiple-cropping index；3) root of the crop
Compared with depth and stalk is sturdy for system's distribution, and lodging tolerance is strong；4) natural disasters such as Drought at seedling stage, sleet and frost can be prevented effectively from.
Therefore, China's rapeseed cultivation mode, mainly with culturing and transplanting seedlings pattern, accounts for the 60% of national rapeseed cultivation area.
In current Brassica campestris L culturing and transplanting seedlings planting patternss, how plough whole, fertilising, sowing using being accomplished manually seedbed, the ploughing of land for growing field crops
Whole, fertilising, transplant, management, the series of problems such as its recruitment is many, high labor intensive, efficiency are low, production cost is high, therefore, Brassica campestris L
Plantation income is relatively low, significantly reduces the rapeseed cultivation enthusiasm of peasant.Additionally, adopting people traditional Brassica campestris L method for culturing seedlings more
Work is sowed seeds mode, and uneven sowing is even, easily causes Brassica campestris L and emerges irregular and weak seedling, high foot Seedling easily, and the seedbed management later stage is also
The steps such as thinning, final singling need to be carried out to seedling, working link is many, increased labor intensity.
Chinese patent literature CN105103888A discloses a kind of rapeseed cultivation method, including：Nursery and transplanting two big portions
Point.The idiographic flow of wherein nursery includes：A. site preparation, b. fertilising, c. dig, the process of d. seed, e. sowing, f. step on sternly, g.
Watering.The idiographic flow of described transplanting includes：(1) determine that transplanting time, (2) select dish Seedling, (3) site preparation, (4) dig, (5) turn over
Row, (6) broadcast application, (7) paving Seedling, (8) are digged, (9) step on sternly, (10) sprinkle water, (11) fill the gaps with seedlings.Although the more traditional transplanting of said method
Method has simplified, but mechanization level of application is low, manually operates high labor intensive, and plantation step is complex；Meanwhile, broadcast
Kind of mode, using manually sowing seeds, not only increases the consumption of seed, and is easily caused using the mode of broadcasting sowing and emerge irregular, easily goes out
Existing weak seedling, high foot growth of cereal crop seedlings condition；Less for the utilization rate of land for growing field crops illumination using all row plantations, it is unfavorable for crops ventilation and penetrating light,
Easily cause the generation of sclerotiniose, impact crop yield and quality.
Content of the invention
To be solved by this invention is that plantation step present in existing rapeseed cultivation method is complicated, cost of labor is high, kind
Plant the problem that efficiency is low and Brassica Napus Seedling quality is poor, yield poorly.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows：
The invention provides a kind of Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings, comprise the following steps：
The selecting step of Brassica campestris L kind, disposable machine sowing nursery step, the management process in seedbed, field-transplanting step；
Described disposable machine sowing nursery step, including using nursery bed planter, disposably complete the turning over, ditch of seedbed,
Fertilising, sowing, earthing operation；
Wherein, seedbed and area of field are than for 1:9～10, compound fertilizer 450～525kg/hm applied by base fertilizer2, described compound
In fertilizer, nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively.
Optionally, described nursery bed planter includes sowing assembly, rotary tillage assembly, and disc plough.
Optionally, a width of 160～170cm in described seedbed railway carriage or compartment face, sowing row is deep to be 4～6cm, sowing line-spacing is 20～
21cm, railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 10～11cm, a width of 30～40cm in gutter, ditch depth 30～35cm, flat compartment surface, and soil layer is in small, broken bits, every railway carriage or compartment
Plant 8 row, application rate is every mu of 500～550g.
Optionally, the selecting step of described Brassica campestris L kind, described Brassica campestris L kind is selected in high yield and/or high-quality and/or multi-resistance
Precocious rape variety.
Optionally, the step closing weeding before also including carrying out bud in 3 days after described sowing step；Also include before emerging into
Row preserves soil moisture, takes precautions against drought, preventing waterlogging, the step of anti-compaction.
Optionally, also include applying the step carrying seed manure in the described Brassica Napus Seedling 3 leaf phase, apply urea amount be 67.5～
82.5kg/hm2；Described Brassica Napus Seedling also includes the step applying fertilizer of standing up before transplanting, administration urea amount is 22.5～37.5kg/
hm2.
Optionally, described field-transplanting step, including using installing the described nursery bed planter of mouldboard plow additional to transplanting land for growing field crops
Carry out turning over, ditch, apply fertilizer, obtain wide-narrow row planting railway carriage or compartment, wherein, a width of 160～170cm in railway carriage or compartment face, plantation furrow width line-spacing is 45
～47cm, plantation ditch narrow row is 4 away from for 40～42cm, planting ditch depth 10～12cm, every railway carriage or compartment plantation ditch, and wide row height to earth up is
12～15cm, railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 15～17cm, a width of 30～40cm in gutter, ditch depth 30～35cm；
By the Brassica Napus Seedling cultivating unify direction lean to plough whole after wide-narrow row planting ditch in, stretch under root system, incline by Seedling
Gradient is 60 °～80 °；
Using tiller, the earthing in wide row is covered in the seedlings root of adjacent two plantation ditches, and water and determine root
Water.
Optionally, described cultivated synchronizing is implemented by nursery bed planter suddenly, and completes to transplant the administration of land for growing field crops base manure simultaneously.
Optionally, compound fertilizer 600～675kg/hm applied by described transplanting land for growing field crops base manure2And/or apply fertilizer special for cole 450
～525kg/hm2；In described compound fertilizer, nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively；Described Brassica campestris L is special
In fertilizer, nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least account for 25wt%, 7wt%, 8wt% respectively.
Optionally, described Brassica Napus Seedling seedling age is 30～40 days, and spacing in the rows is 13～14cm, and Transplanting Density is 0.8～1.0 ten thousand
Every mu of strain.
The technique scheme of the present invention has advantages below：
1st, a kind of Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings described in the embodiment of the present invention, comprises the following steps：The selection step of Brassica campestris L kind
Suddenly, disposable machine sowing nursery step, the management process in seedbed, field-transplanting step；Described disposable machine sowing nursery step, including
Using the transformation of the way nursery bed planter comprising sowing assembly, rotary tillage assembly and disc plough, disposably complete turning over, opening of seedbed
Ditch, fertilising, sowing, earthing；Wherein, seedbed and area of field are than for 1:9～10, compound fertilizer 450～525kg/ applied by base fertilizer
hm2, in described compound fertilizer, nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively.With traditional Brassica campestris L culturing and transplanting seedlings
Method is compared, and using the nursery bed planter of the transformation of the way, simplifies rapeseed cultivation step, reduces artificial growth labor intensity；Meanwhile,
Nursery bed planter using the transformation of the way is sowed, and not only emerges neat, uniform, decreases high foot Seedling, weak seedling it is ensured that Brassica campestris L seedling
Quality, and application rate can be adjusted, for the live production of Brassica campestris L, reduce input cost.
Additionally, adopting the not only efficient utilization land for growing field crops illumination of wide-narrow row planting railway carriage or compartment technology, beneficial to farmland ventilation and penetrating light, reducing and making
The generation of thing sclerotiniose, reduction Pesticide use, it can also effectively facilitate crop root system developing, improving transplanting survival rate, entering
And effectively reduce planting cost, improve Crops production and quality.
2nd, a kind of Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings described in the embodiment of the present invention, the nursery bed planter using the transformation of the way is disposably complete
Become the machine sowing nursery in seedbed, include the turning over, ditch, applying fertilizer, sowing of seedbed, earthing it is ensured that sowing uniformly, is emerged neatly,
Decrease high foot Seedling, weak seedling, save thinning, final singling step, improve Brassica Napus Seedling quality.
3rd, a kind of Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings described in inventive embodiments, nursery, big Tagayasu Den are whole and transplant earthing and all adopt
Mechanized operation, reduces the labor intensity of rapeseed cultivation, decreases labour cost, serves the work of saving of labor, abridged edition, potentiation
With.
Brief description
In order that present disclosure is more likely to be clearly understood, specific embodiment below according to the present invention simultaneously combines
Accompanying drawing, the present invention is further detailed explanation, wherein：
Fig. 1 (a)-Fig. 1 (c) is the rape field wide-narrow row planting figure described in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
In figure reference is expressed as：Ditch is planted in 1- railway carriage or compartment face, 2- kind, 3- kind plants furrow width line-spacing, 4- kind plants ditch narrow row away from, 5- railway carriage or compartment
Back gauge, 6- gutter, 7- wide row earthing.
Specific embodiment
For the ease of understanding the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and a little, below in conjunction with the enforcement to the present invention for the accompanying drawing
Mode is described in further detail.
The present invention can be implemented with many different forms, and should not be construed as being limited to embodiment set forth herein.
On the contrary, this embodiment is provided so that the present invention by be thoroughly with complete, and the design of the present invention will be fully conveyed to
Those skilled in the art, the present invention will only be defined by the appended claims.
Embodiment 1
Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings described in the present embodiment, comprises the steps：
S1. the selection of Brassica campestris L kind：
Selection Brassica campestris L kind is high yield, high-quality, the mid-early maturity rape variety of multi-resistance.
S2. disposable machine sowing nursery：
Using including sowing assembly, rotary tillage assembly, and the nursery bed planter of disc plough, disposably complete machine sowing nursery,
Including the turning over, ditch, applying fertilizer, sowing of seedbed, earthing；Wherein, seedbed and area of field are than for 1:9.5, base fertilizer is applied compound
Fertile 490kg/hm2, in described compound fertilizer, nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively.
The a width of 165cm in seedbed railway carriage or compartment face, sowing row is deep to be 5cm, and sowing line-spacing is 20.5cm, and railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 10.5cm, draining
The a width of 35cm of ditch, ditch depth 32cm, flat compartment surface, soil layer is in small, broken bits, every railway carriage or compartment kind 8 row, and application rate is every mu of 525g.
S3. seedbed management：
Weeding is closed before also including in after planting 3 days carrying out bud；Also carry out the soil moisture conservation in seedbed before emerging, take precautions against drought, prevent waterlogging, preventing
Hardened work, strives that seedlings are uniform and strong.Meet dry weather should pour water in time, the water of furrow irrigation 2/3, by Yu Shuipai after railway carriage or compartment face moistens
Dry；Rainy high humidity should timely ditch cleaning draining.
Apply in the Brassica Napus Seedling 3 leaf phase and carry seed manure, carbamide amount of application is 75kg/hm2；Brassica Napus Seedling applies, before transplanting, fertilizer of standing up,
Carbamide amount of application is 30kg/hm2.
S4. field-transplanting：
Carry out turning over, ditch, apply fertilizer to transplanting land for growing field crops using the nursery bed planter installing mouldboard plow additional, obtain wide-narrow row planting
Railway carriage or compartment, wherein, such as shown in Fig. 1 (a), a width of 165cm in railway carriage or compartment face 1, plantation furrow width line-spacing 3 is 46cm, and plantation ditch narrow row is 41cm away from 4,
The deep 11cm of plantation ditch 2, every railway carriage or compartment plantation ditch 2 is 4, and wide row earthing 7 height is 13.5cm, and railway carriage or compartment back gauge 5 is 16cm, and gutter 6 is wide
For 35cm, ditch depth 32cm.
While transplanting land for growing field crops being carried out ploughing whole using nursery bed planter, complete to the administration transplanting land for growing field crops base manure.Transplant
Compound fertilizer 635kg/hm applied by land for growing field crops base manure2, wherein nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively.
The Brassica Napus Seedling seedling age transplanted is selected to be 35 days, spacing in the rows is 13.5cm, Transplanting Density is 0.9 ten thousand plants every mu.As Fig. 1
Shown in (b), Fig. 1 (c), by the Brassica Napus Seedling cultivating unify direction lean to plough whole after wide-narrow row planting ditch in, stretch under root system,
It is 70 ° by Seedling gradient.
S5. using tiller, the earthing in wide row is covered in the seedlings root of adjacent two plantation ditches, and water calmly
Root water.
Embodiment 2
Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings described in the present embodiment, comprises the steps：
S1. the selection of Brassica campestris L kind：
Selection Brassica campestris L kind is high yield, high-quality, the mid-early maturity rape variety of multi-resistance.
S2. disposable machine sowing nursery：
Using including sowing assembly, rotary tillage assembly, and the nursery bed planter of disc plough, disposably complete machine sowing nursery,
Including the turning over, ditch, applying fertilizer, sowing of seedbed, earthing；Wherein, seedbed and area of field are than for 1:9, compound fertilizer applied by base fertilizer
450kg/hm2, in described compound fertilizer, nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively.
The a width of 160cm in seedbed railway carriage or compartment face, sowing row is deep to be 4cm, and sowing line-spacing is 20cm, and railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 10cm, draining furrow width
For 40cm, ditch depth 35cm, flat compartment surface, soil layer is in small, broken bits, every railway carriage or compartment kind 8 row, and application rate is every mu of 500g.
S3. seedbed management：
Weeding is closed before also including in after planting 3 days carrying out bud；Also carry out the soil moisture conservation in seedbed before emerging, take precautions against drought, prevent waterlogging, preventing
Hardened work, strives that seedlings are uniform and strong.Meet dry weather should pour water in time, the water of furrow irrigation 2/3, by Yu Shuipai after railway carriage or compartment face moistens
Dry；Rainy high humidity should timely ditch cleaning draining.
Apply in the Brassica Napus Seedling 3 leaf phase and carry seed manure, carbamide amount of application is 82.5kg/hm2；Brassica Napus Seedling is applied before transplanting and is stood up
Fertilizer, carbamide amount of application is 37.5kg/hm2.
S4. field-transplanting：
Carry out turning over, ditch, apply fertilizer to transplanting land for growing field crops using the nursery bed planter installing mouldboard plow additional, obtain wide-narrow row planting
Railway carriage or compartment, wherein, a width of 170cm in railway carriage or compartment face, plantation furrow width line-spacing is 47cm, and plantation ditch narrow row, away from for 42cm, plants ditch depth 12cm, every railway carriage or compartment
Plantation ditch is 4, and wide row height to earth up is 15cm, and railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 17cm, a width of 30cm in gutter, ditch depth 30cm.
While transplanting land for growing field crops being carried out ploughing whole using nursery bed planter, complete to the administration transplanting land for growing field crops base manure.Transplant
Land for growing field crops base manure is applied fertilizer special for cole and is applied 525kg/hm2, wherein nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least account for respectively 25wt%,
7wt%, 8wt%.
The Brassica Napus Seedling seedling age transplanted is selected to be 40 days, spacing in the rows is 14cm, Transplanting Density is 0.8 ten thousand plants every mu.To cultivate
Brassica Napus Seedling unify direction lean to plough whole after wide-narrow row planting ditch in, stretch under root system, by Seedling gradient be 70 °.
S5. using tiller, the earthing in wide row is covered in the seedlings root of adjacent two plantation ditches, and water calmly
Root water.
Embodiment 3
Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings described in the present embodiment, comprises the steps：
S1. the selection of Brassica campestris L kind：
Selection Brassica campestris L kind is high yield, high-quality, the mid-early maturity rape variety of multi-resistance.
S2. disposable machine sowing nursery：
Using including sowing assembly, rotary tillage assembly, and the nursery bed planter of disc plough, disposably complete machine sowing nursery,
Including the turning over, ditch, applying fertilizer, sowing of seedbed, earthing；Wherein, seedbed and area of field are than for 1:10, compound fertilizer applied by base fertilizer
525kg/hm2, in described compound fertilizer, nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively.
The a width of 170cm in seedbed railway carriage or compartment face, sowing row is deep to be 6cm, and sowing line-spacing is 21cm, and railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 11cm, draining furrow width
For 30cm, ditch depth 30cm, flat compartment surface, soil layer is in small, broken bits, every railway carriage or compartment kind 8 row, and application rate is every mu of 550g.
S3. seedbed management：
Weeding is closed before also including in after planting 3 days carrying out bud；Also carry out the soil moisture conservation in seedbed before emerging, take precautions against drought, prevent waterlogging, preventing
Hardened work, strives that seedlings are uniform and strong.Meet dry weather should pour water in time, the water of furrow irrigation 2/3, by Yu Shuipai after railway carriage or compartment face moistens
Dry；Rainy high humidity should timely ditch cleaning draining.
Apply in the Brassica Napus Seedling 3 leaf phase and carry seed manure, carbamide amount of application is 67.5kg/hm2；Brassica Napus Seedling is applied before transplanting and is stood up
Fertilizer, carbamide amount of application is 22.5kg/hm2.
S4. field-transplanting：
Carry out turning over, ditch, apply fertilizer to transplanting land for growing field crops using the nursery bed planter installing mouldboard plow additional, obtain wide-narrow row planting
Railway carriage or compartment, wherein, a width of 160cm in railway carriage or compartment face, plantation furrow width line-spacing is 45cm, and plantation ditch narrow row, away from for 40cm, plants ditch depth 10cm, every railway carriage or compartment
Plantation ditch is 4, and wide row height to earth up is 12cm, and railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 15cm, a width of 40cm in gutter, ditch depth 35cm.
While transplanting land for growing field crops being carried out ploughing whole using nursery bed planter, complete to the administration transplanting land for growing field crops base manure.Transplant
Compound fertilizer 675kg/hm applied by land for growing field crops base manure2, wherein nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively.
The Brassica Napus Seedling seedling age transplanted is selected to be 35 days, spacing in the rows is 13cm, Transplanting Density is 0.8 ten thousand plants every mu.To cultivate
Brassica Napus Seedling unify direction lean to plough whole after wide-narrow row planting ditch in, stretch under root system, by Seedling gradient be 60 °.
S5. using tiller, the earthing in wide row is covered in the seedlings root of adjacent two plantation ditches, and water calmly
Root water.
Embodiment 4
Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings described in the present embodiment, comprises the steps：
S1. the selection of Brassica campestris L kind：
Selection Brassica campestris L kind is high yield, high-quality, the mid-early maturity rape variety of multi-resistance.
S2. disposable machine sowing nursery：
Using including sowing assembly, rotary tillage assembly, and the nursery bed planter of disc plough, disposably complete machine sowing nursery,
Including the turning over, ditch, applying fertilizer, sowing of seedbed, earthing；Wherein, seedbed and area of field are than for 1:9.5, base fertilizer is applied compound
Fertile 490kg/hm2, in described compound fertilizer, nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively.
The a width of 160cm in seedbed railway carriage or compartment face, sowing row is deep to be 5cm, and sowing line-spacing is 20.5cm, and railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 10.5cm, draining
The a width of 40cm of ditch, ditch depth 35cm, flat compartment surface, soil layer is in small, broken bits, every railway carriage or compartment kind 8 row, and application rate is every mu of 525g.
S3. seedbed management：
Apply in the Brassica Napus Seedling 3 leaf phase and carry seed manure, carbamide amount of application is 67.5kg/hm2.
S4. field-transplanting：
Carry out turning over, ditch, apply fertilizer to transplanting land for growing field crops using the nursery bed planter installing mouldboard plow additional, obtain wide-narrow row planting
Railway carriage or compartment, wherein, a width of 160cm in railway carriage or compartment face, plantation furrow width line-spacing is 45cm, and plantation ditch narrow row, away from for 42cm, plants ditch depth 10cm, every railway carriage or compartment
Plantation ditch is 4, and wide row height to earth up is 12cm, and railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 15cm, a width of 40cm in gutter, ditch depth 35cm.
While transplanting land for growing field crops being carried out ploughing whole using nursery bed planter, complete to the administration transplanting land for growing field crops base manure.Transplant
Fertilizer special for cole 450kg/hm applied by land for growing field crops base manure2, wherein nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least account for respectively 25wt%,
7wt%, 8wt%.
The Brassica Napus Seedling seedling age transplanted is selected to be 30 days, spacing in the rows is 13cm, Transplanting Density is 1.0 ten thousand plants every mu.To cultivate
Brassica Napus Seedling unify direction lean to plough whole after wide-narrow row planting ditch in, stretch under root system, by Seedling gradient be 60 °.
S5. using tiller, the earthing in wide row is covered in the seedlings root of adjacent two plantation ditches, and water calmly
Root water.
Embodiment 5
Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings described in the present embodiment, comprises the steps：
S1. the selection of Brassica campestris L kind：
Selection Brassica campestris L kind is high yield, high-quality, the mid-early maturity rape variety of multi-resistance.
S2. disposable machine sowing nursery：
Using including sowing assembly, rotary tillage assembly, and the nursery bed planter of disc plough, disposably complete machine sowing nursery,
Including the turning over, ditch, applying fertilizer, sowing of seedbed, earthing；Wherein, seedbed and area of field are than for 1:10, compound fertilizer applied by base fertilizer
450kg/hm2, in described compound fertilizer, nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively.
The a width of 160cm in seedbed railway carriage or compartment face, sowing row is deep to be 4cm, and sowing line-spacing is 20cm, and railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 10cm, draining furrow width
For 40cm, ditch depth 35cm, flat compartment surface, soil layer is in small, broken bits, every railway carriage or compartment kind 8 row, and application rate is every mu of 550g.
S3. seedbed management：
Brassica Napus Seedling applies, before transplanting, fertilizer of standing up, and carbamide amount of application is 22.5kg/hm2.
S4. field-transplanting：
Carry out turning over, ditch, apply fertilizer to transplanting land for growing field crops using the nursery bed planter installing mouldboard plow additional, obtain wide-narrow row planting
Railway carriage or compartment, wherein, a width of 170cm in railway carriage or compartment face, plantation furrow width line-spacing is 48cm, and plantation ditch narrow row, away from for 40cm, plants ditch depth 10cm, every railway carriage or compartment
Plantation ditch is 4, and wide row height to earth up is 15cm, and railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 17cm, a width of 30cm in gutter, ditch depth 30cm.
While transplanting land for growing field crops being carried out ploughing whole using nursery bed planter, complete to the administration transplanting land for growing field crops base manure.Transplant
Compound fertilizer 600kg/hm applied by land for growing field crops base manure2, wherein nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively.
The Brassica Napus Seedling seedling age transplanted is selected to be 40 days, spacing in the rows is 14cm, Transplanting Density is 1.0 ten thousand plants every mu.To cultivate
Brassica Napus Seedling unify direction lean to plough whole after wide-narrow row planting ditch in, stretch under root system, by Seedling gradient be 80 °.
S5. using tiller, the earthing in wide row is covered in the seedlings root of adjacent two plantation ditches, and water calmly
Root water.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a kind of rapeseed cultivation method, and specific embodiment has with Chinese patent literature CN105103888A
Brassica campestris L nursery, method for transplanting disclosed in body.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a kind of tradition Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings, and specific embodiment comprises the steps：
S1. the selection of Brassica campestris L kind：
Selection Brassica campestris L kind is high yield, high-quality, the rape variety of strong stress resistance.
S2. whole and sowing is ploughed in seedbed：
By seedbed and area of field than for 1:The 5 pairs of seedbeds apply base fertilizer, dig, the smooth, ditch that begins to rehearse, broadcast sowing, blinding；Its
In, apply fertilizer to the subsoil and manually sow compound fertilizer by every mu of 33kg；The a width of 160cm in seedbed railway carriage or compartment face, draining furrow width 35cm；Every mu of artificial broadcast
Brassica campestris L kind 500g, uses the shallow lid of fine earth after broadcasting.
S3. seedbed management：
Thinning number of times carries out 2 times：1st time in neat after seedling, remove a part of tufted seedling；For the second time when growing 1 true leaf,
Between remove a part of weak seedling, seedling, sick seedling, accomplish that leaf does not take leaf, Seedling does not lean on Seedling；When growing 3-4 piece true leaf, you can field planting：Seedling
Distance 8 cm and Seedling between, every square metre is stayed 135 plants about of Seedling；Thinning backsight soil dry-wet situation imposes rich water every time.
S4. field-transplanting：
After first crop crop harvesting to transplant land for growing field crops carry out plough whole, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, trench digging make railway carriage or compartment；Wherein, every mu of 45kg pressed by base fertilizer
Compound fertilizer, spreads fertilizer over the fields；Transplant land for growing field crops railway carriage or compartment face width 160cm, draining furrow width 35cm；Transplanting method is planted for cave, and density is 7000 plants every mu,
4 row are planted in every railway carriage or compartment, and line-spacing is 45cm, and spacing in the rows is 20cm, and seedling righting is covered with soil and is compacted；Root is determined in pouring after transplanting terminates
Water.
Counted with expense needed for the method plantation Brassica campestris L of offer in comparative example according to above-described embodiment, statistical result is such as
Shown in following table：
The each embodiment of table 1 is counted with the Brassica campestris L culturing and transplanting seedlings expense of comparative example
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Seed (unit/mu) | 31.5 | 30.0. | 33.0 | 31.5 | 33.0 | 105.0 | 30.0 |
| Agricultural machinery (unit/mu) | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 40.0 | 20.0 |
| Fertilizer (unit/mu) | 54.1 | 51.6 | 56.2 | 51.1 | 43.8 | 49.0 | 49.0 |
| Pesticide (unit/mu) | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| The amount of labour used (individual/mu) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Manually (unit/mu) | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 77.0 | 77.0 |
| Equivalent land for growing field crops cost (unit/mu) | 18.2 | 18.7 | 17.6 | 17.9 | 16.4 | 62.4 | 31.0 |
| The amount of labour used (individual/mu) | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
| Manually (unit/mu) | 385.0 | 385.0 | 385.0 | 385.0 | 385.0 | 560.0 | 630.0 |
| Agricultural machinery (unit/mu) | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 40.0 | 20.0 |
| Fertilizer (unit/mu) | 79.3 | 79.5 | 83.0 | 71.0 | 76.0 | 79.3 | 79.3 |
| Pesticide (unit/mu) | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
| Totle drilling cost (unit/mu) | 582.4 | 583.2 | 585.6 | 573.9 | 577.4 | 771.7 | 790.3 |
| Yield (kg/mu) | 188.0 | 182.0 | 186.0 | 177.0 | 175.0 | 165.0 | 160.0 |
| The output value (unit/mu) | 940.0 | 910.0 | 930.0 | 885.0 | 875.0 | 825.0 | 800.0 |
| Income (unit/mu) | 357.6 | 326.8 | 344.4 | 311.1 | 297.6 | 53.3 | 9.7 |
As it can be seen from table 1 compared with embodiment 2-5, embodiment 1 has highest yield of rape and highest income
Value；Additionally, the more all embodiments of comparative example all show higher cost and relatively low income, especially show embodiment
The 2 traditional Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings being adopted, illustrate the more existing skill of present invention Brassica campestris L required for protection method for culturing and transplanting seedlings
Art significantly decreases rapeseed cultivation cost, reduces labor intensity, largely increased the receipts at rapeseed cultivation family simultaneously
Benefit.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate example, and the not restriction to embodiment.Right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description other multi-forms change or
Change.There is no need to be exhaustive to all of embodiment.And the obvious change thus extended out or
Change among still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The selecting step of Brassica campestris L kind, disposable machine sowing nursery step, the management process in seedbed, field-transplanting step；
Described disposable machine sowing nursery step, including using nursery bed planter, disposably complete the turning over, ditch, applying fertilizer of seedbed,
Sowing, earthing operation；
Wherein, seedbed and area of field are than for 1:9～10, compound fertilizer 450～525kg/hm applied by base fertilizer2, in described compound fertilizer,
Nitrogen, P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively.
2. Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described nursery bed planter includes sowing group
Part, rotary tillage assembly, and disc plough.
3. Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings according to claim 1 and 2 it is characterised in that described seedbed railway carriage or compartment face a width of 160～
170cm, sowing row is deep to be 4～6cm, and sowing line-spacing is 20～21cm, and railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 10～11cm, gutter is a width of 30～
40cm, ditch depth 30～35cm, flat compartment surface, soil layer is in small, broken bits, every railway carriage or compartment kind 8 row, and application rate is every mu of 500～550g.
4. the Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings according to any one of claim 1-3 is it is characterised in that the selection of described Brassica campestris L kind
Step, described Brassica campestris L kind selects the mid-early maturity rape variety of high yield and/or high-quality and/or multi-resistance.
5. the Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings according to any one of claim 1-4 is it is characterised in that 3 after described sowing step
The step closing weeding before also including in it carrying out bud；Also include before emerging carrying out preserving soil moisture, take precautions against drought, prevent waterlogging, the step of anti-compaction.
6. the Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings according to any one of claim 1-5 is it is characterised in that described Brassica Napus Seedling 3 leaf
Also include applying the step carrying seed manure in phase, administration urea amount is 67.5～82.5kg/hm2；Described Brassica Napus Seedling also wraps before transplanting
Include the step applying fertilizer of standing up, administration urea amount is 22.5～37.5kg/hm2.
7. the Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings according to any one of claim 1-6 is it is characterised in that described field-transplanting walks
Suddenly, carry out turning over, ditch, apply fertilizer to transplanting land for growing field crops including using the described nursery bed planter installing mouldboard plow additional, obtain wide-and narrow-row
Plantation railway carriage or compartment, wherein, a width of 160～170cm in railway carriage or compartment face, plantation furrow width line-spacing is 45～47cm, plants ditch narrow row away from for 40～42cm,
Plantation ditch depth 10～12cm, every railway carriage or compartment plantation ditch is 4, and wide row height to earth up is 12～15cm, and railway carriage or compartment back gauge is 15～17cm, draining
A width of 30～the 40cm of ditch, ditch depth 30～35cm；
By the Brassica Napus Seedling cultivating unify direction lean to plough whole after wide-narrow row planting ditch in, stretch under root system, by Seedling gradient
For 60 °～80 °；
Using tiller, the earthing in wide row is covered in the seedlings root of adjacent two plantation ditches, and water root water.
8. the Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings according to any one of claim 1-7 is it is characterised in that described cultivated synchronizing is passed through suddenly
Nursery bed planter is implemented, and completes to transplant the administration of land for growing field crops base manure simultaneously.
9. the Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings according to any one of claim 1-8 is it is characterised in that described transplanting land for growing field crops base manure
Apply compound fertilizer 600～675kg/hm2And/or apply fertilizer special for cole 450～525kg/hm2；In described compound fertilizer, nitrogen,
P elements, potassium element at least respectively account for 15wt% respectively；In described fertilizer special for cole, nitrogen, P elements, potassium element are distinguished at least
Account for 25wt%, 7wt%, 8wt%.
10. the Brassica campestris L method for culturing and transplanting seedlings according to any one of claim 1-9 is it is characterised in that described Brassica Napus Seedling Seedling
Age is 30～40 days, and spacing in the rows is 13～14cm, and Transplanting Density is 0.8～1.0 ten thousand plants every mu.
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| CN107333547A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-11-10 | 冷秀财 | Rapeseed cultivation and the method for harvesting |
| CN107333545A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-11-10 | 冷秀财 | Rapeseed cultivation technology |
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| CN107343441A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-11-14 | 安徽科氏丛林有机农业有限公司 | A kind of protecting method of rape |
| CN107711354A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-02-23 | 四川巴蜀粮仓科技有限责任公司 | Suitable for the method for mountain area rapeseed cultivation |
| CN107950321A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-24 | 四川巴蜀粮仓科技有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of rape |
| CN110881366A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-17 | 华中农业大学 | Cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row and strip-application of fertilizer |
| CN111684999A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-09-22 | 南充市农业科学院 | Plant moisture-avoiding cultivation method |
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| CN107343441A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-11-14 | 安徽科氏丛林有机农业有限公司 | A kind of protecting method of rape |
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| CN107950321A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-24 | 四川巴蜀粮仓科技有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of rape |
| CN110881366A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-17 | 华中农业大学 | Cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row and strip-application of fertilizer |
| CN111684999A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-09-22 | 南充市农业科学院 | Plant moisture-avoiding cultivation method |
| CN111684999B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-09-24 | 南充市农业科学院 | Plant moisture-avoiding cultivation method |
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