CN110881366A - Cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row and strip-application of fertilizer - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row and strip-application of fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110881366A CN110881366A CN201911360018.1A CN201911360018A CN110881366A CN 110881366 A CN110881366 A CN 110881366A CN 201911360018 A CN201911360018 A CN 201911360018A CN 110881366 A CN110881366 A CN 110881366A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row strip application of fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: and (2) directly sowing the rape, namely adopting wide-narrow row configuration, sowing rape seeds on wide-strip rows and narrow-strip rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide-strip rows is larger than the row spacing of the narrow-strip rows, the total row spacing of the wide-strip rows and the narrow-strip rows is 40-60 cm, applying a base fertilizer to the deep soil in the narrow-strip rows, and performing conventional management in the later period. According to the cultivation method provided by the invention, the yield, lodging resistance and resource utilization rate of the rapes are improved through wide-narrow row planting of the rapes and narrow-row strip application of the fertilizer, the occurrence of weeds and diseases is reduced, the yield of the high-density planted rapes is improved, the lodging risk is reduced, the production investment is reduced, and the production benefit of the rapes is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop high-yield cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row and strip fertilizer application.
Background
Rape (Brassica naps L.) is one of the important oil crops in China, and the planting area and the total yield of the rape (Brassica naps L.) both account for more than 30 percent of the area and the total yield of the rape in the world. Rapeseed oil is also the first edible vegetable oil produced by China, and is produced by about 4.50 multiplied by 10 every year6t, accounts for more than 45 percent of the total amount of the domestic edible vegetable oil. The mode of application of fertilizers is generally divided into scatteringThe method is characterized by comprising the following steps of applying and centralized applying, wherein the broadcasting applying is divided into surface broadcasting and turning over after the broadcasting applying, the centralized applying is divided into ditching and bar applying and hole applying, and the effective applying position can coordinate the input of fertilizers and the absorption of crops to nutrients. However, the traditional rape planting mode has the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate, low yield and weak lodging resistance due to unreasonable fertilization mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a cultivation method for improving the rape planting benefit by utilizing the narrow-row strip application of fertilizer, the yield, the lodging resistance and the resource utilization rate of rape are improved by utilizing the narrow-row strip application, the occurrence of weed diseases is reduced, the production investment is reduced, the yield is improved, and the lodging risk is reduced for a rape high-density planting area.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row strip application of fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, sowing rape seeds on a wide row and a narrow row, wherein the row spacing of the wide row is larger than that of the narrow row, and the total row spacing of the wide row and the narrow row is 40-60 cm;
step 2, applying base fertilizer to the deep soil in the narrow row;
and 3, performing later conventional management.
Preferably, the ratio of the row spacing of the wide rows to the row spacing of the narrow rows in the step 1 is 1-3: 1.
preferably, the ratio of the row spacing of the wide rows to the row spacing of the narrow rows in step 1 is 2: 1.
preferably, the base fertilizer in the step 2 comprises 525 and 675kg hm-2Nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 10-15kghm-2The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer comprises 15% of pure nitrogen, 15% of phosphorus pentoxide and 15% of potassium oxide: 15%: 15 percent. Preferably, the deep soil applied to the narrow row by the base fertilizer in the step 2 is 10-15 cm away from the surface soil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
according to the cultivation method for improving the rape planting benefit by utilizing the fertilizer in the narrow-row strip application manner, the yield, lodging resistance and resource utilization rate of the rape are improved by utilizing the narrow-row strip application manner, the occurrence of weed diseases is reduced, the yield of the high-density planted rape is improved, the lodging risk is reduced, the production investment is reduced, and the rape production benefit is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of different treatment modes of rape field planting, wherein X1 is fertilizer broadcasting, X2 is fertilizer narrow-row strip application, and X3 is fertilizer wide-row strip application.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting thereof. The specific techniques or conditions not mentioned in the examples are all performed according to the literature in the field or the conventional technical means in the field.
1. Time, place and soil condition of implementation
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
The method adopts field plot experiment, and is respectively carried out at two test points of Hubei Wuhan and Qinghai Xining. The test of the Wuhan district in Hubei is carried out in 2017 and 2018 at the test base (N30.52 DEG E114.31 ℃) of China agriculture university in Wuhan City in Hubei province, the previous stubble is rice, and the sowing time is 9 and 26 days in 2017; the Qinghai Xining plot experiment is carried out in 2018 at Qinghai university test base (N36.73 degrees E101.75 degrees) of Xining City, Qinghai province, wheat is used as the previous crop, and the sowing time is No. 4 and 9 in 2018.
2. Test material
The test materials of the two test points are selected from a cabbage type rape hybrid Hua YOU ZAO No. 62 variety, are bred by Huazhong agriculture university, pass through the national examination of Hubei province in 2009, pass through the national examination of the Yangtze river midstream region in 2010, and pass through the national examination of the Yangtze river downstreaming region in 2011 and the national examination of the spring rape region in northwest.
3. Design of experiments
By usingThe test design of the fissure area is that the field planting of the rapes processed by each method is as shown in figure 1, and 3 different fertilization modes of fertilizer broadcasting (X1), narrow-row fertilizer strip application (X2) and wide-row fertilizer strip application (X3) are taken as main areas; 3 different total line distances (two lines) of 40cm, 50cm and 60cm are taken as sub-areas; the ratio of the width to the narrow row is 1: 1. 2: 1. 3: the wide and narrow rows of 1 are arranged as the sub-regions. 3 times of repetition, total 72 cells, the area of the cell is 20m2(2 m.times.10 m). The width and the depth of the compartment ditch and the waist ditch are both 0.20m, and the width of the surrounding ditch is 0.20m and the depth is 0.30 m. The planting mode is direct seeding, and the base fertilizer is 525kg hm-2Nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer (15% -15% -15%) and 15kghm-2Boron fertilizer, the 5-leaf period seedling fertilizer is 112.5kg hm-2The content of urea (N is more than or equal to 46.4 percent). Removing nests and piling seedlings after seedling emergence, and fixing seedlings at 4-5 leaf stage, and the planting density of rape in each plot is 52.5X 104Zhuhm-2The rape planting of each treatment is shown in figure 1. Other management is as conventional. Wherein, examples 1-9 are fertilizer narrow row applications (X2); comparative examples 1 to 9 are wide row bar applications of fertilizer (X3); comparative examples 10 to 18 are fertilizer application (X1). The following are specifically enumerated:
example 1
The embodiment provides a cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row strip application of fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, sowing rape seeds on the wide row and the narrow row, wherein the total row distance between the wide row and the narrow row is 40 cm; the row spacing of the wide and narrow row is 1: 1;
step 2, applying base fertilizer to the deep soil in the narrow row; the base fertilizer comprises 525-675kghm-2Nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 10-15kg hm-2The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer comprises 15% of pure nitrogen, 15% of phosphorus pentoxide and 15% of potassium oxide: 15%: 15 percent.
Example 2
In this embodiment, except that the row spacing between the wide row and the narrow row in step 1 is 2: except for 1, the rest steps are the same as in example 1.
Example 3
In this embodiment, except that the row spacing between the wide row and the narrow row in step 1 is 3: except for 1, the rest steps are the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row strip application of fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, sowing rape seeds on the wide row and the narrow row, wherein the total row spacing of the wide row and the narrow row is 50 cm; the row spacing of the wide and narrow row is 1: 1;
step 2, applying base fertilizer to the deep soil in the narrow row; the base fertilizer comprises 525-675kghm-2Nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 10-15kg hm-2The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer comprises 15% of pure nitrogen, 15% of phosphorus pentoxide and 15% of potassium oxide: 15%: 15 percent.
Example 5
In this embodiment, except that the row spacing between the wide row and the narrow row in step 1 is 2: the procedure of example 4 was followed except for 1.
Example 6
In this embodiment, except that the row spacing between the wide row and the narrow row in step 1 is 3: the procedure of example 4 was followed except for 1.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row strip application of fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, sowing rape seeds on the wide row and the narrow row, wherein the total row distance between the wide row and the narrow row is 60 cm; the row spacing of the wide and narrow row is 1: 1;
step 2, applying base fertilizer to the deep soil in the narrow row; the base fertilizer comprises 525kg hm-2Nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 15kg hm-2The nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer have a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1.
step 3, post management: removing nests and piling seedlings after emergence of seedlings, and applying seedling fertilizer (112.5kg hm)-2Urea) at 2-3 leaf stage, and final singling at 4-5 leaf stage.
Example 8
In this embodiment, except that the row spacing between the wide row and the narrow row in step 1 is 2: the procedure of example 7 was repeated except for 1.
Example 9
In this embodiment, except that the row spacing between the wide row and the narrow row in step 1 is 3: the procedure of example 7 was repeated except for 1.
Comparative examples 1 to 9
Comparative examples 1 to 9 were conducted in the same order except that "deep soil in narrow row was applied with base fertilizer" in step 2.
Comparative examples 10 to 18
Comparative examples 10 to 18 examples 1 to 9 were conducted in the same order except that "base fertilizer application" was changed in step 2.
Experimental example 1 statistics of yield and lodging
The statistical results of the yields and the lodging in examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 18 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of fertilization patterns and Wide-narrow row configuration on oilseed rape yield and lodging
X1, X2 and X3 respectively indicate that the fertilization mode is broadcast application, narrow row strip application and wide row strip application; the letter designations in the table indicate differences up to a level of 0.05; f represents a fertilization mode, R represents total row spacing, and W represents wide-narrow row configuration; f × R represents the interaction between the fertilization mode and the row spacing, F × W represents the interaction between the fertilization mode and the wide-narrow row configuration, R × W represents the interaction between the row spacing and the wide-narrow row configuration, and F × R × W represents the interaction between the fertilization mode, the row spacing, and the wide-narrow row configuration. NS means that the difference was not significant,*and**indicating a difference of 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.
As can be seen from Table 1, the total row spacing between the wide row and the narrow row is 40-60 cm, and the ratio of the row spacing between the wide row and the narrow row is 1-3: when 1 hour, the effect of narrow row fertilization is better than that of narrow row fertilization and spreading fertilization. And the ratio of the row spacing of the wide rows to the row spacing of the narrow rows is 2: the effect is best at 1 hour.
Experimental example 2 determination of light energy, moisture and nutrient utilization
Statistics of light energy, water and nutrient utilization in examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-18 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of fertilization patterns and Wide-narrow row configuration on moisture and nutrient utilization of oilseed rape
X1, X2 and X3 respectively indicate that the fertilization mode is broadcast application, narrow row strip application and wide row strip application; the letter designations in the table indicate differences up to a level of 0.05; f represents a fertilization mode, R represents total row spacing, and W represents wide-narrow row configuration; f × R represents the interaction between the fertilization mode and the row spacing, F × W represents the interaction between the fertilization mode and the wide-narrow row configuration, R × W represents the interaction between the row spacing and the wide-narrow row configuration, and F × R × W represents the interaction between the fertilization mode, the row spacing, and the wide-narrow row configuration. NS means that the difference was not significant,*and**indicating a difference of 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.
From table 2, it can be seen that in different fertilization modes, the light energy utilization rate is highest under narrow row and strip application of the fertilizer, and the spreading rate is lowest after wide row and strip application; the light energy utilization rate is under fertilizer broadcasting and narrow row strip application, and the wide and narrow row configuration in different row spacing is 2: 1 is higher than 1: 1 and 3: 1.
EXAMPLE 3 incidence of sclerotinia sclerotiorum and weed development
The statistics of the incidence of sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the occurrence of weeds in examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 18 are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of fertilization patterns and Wide-narrow row configurations on Sclerotinia and weed development
X1, X2 and X3 respectively indicate that the fertilization mode is broadcast application and narrow applicationRow-by-row and wide-row; the letter designations in the table indicate differences up to a level of 0.05; f represents a fertilization mode, R represents total row spacing, and W represents wide-narrow row configuration; f × R represents the interaction between the fertilization mode and the row spacing, F × W represents the interaction between the fertilization mode and the wide-narrow row configuration, R × W represents the interaction between the row spacing and the wide-narrow row configuration, and F × R × W represents the interaction between the fertilization mode, the row spacing, and the wide-narrow row configuration. NS means that the difference was not significant,*and**indicating a difference of 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.
As can be seen from Table 3, the incidence of sclerotinia in Xining is lower than that in Wuhan, but the change rule of the two test points is consistent. In different fertilization modes, the incidence rate of sclerotinia rot and the biomass of weeds are the lowest under the condition of narrow-row fertilizer strip application, the second time of wide-row fertilizer strip application is the highest in fertilizer broadcasting. With the increase of the row spacing, the incidence rate of the sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the biomass of the weeds are increased. The incidence of the sclerotinia sclerotiorum is respectively carried out under fertilizer broadcasting application, narrow-row strip application and wide-row strip application, and the wide-row and narrow-row configuration in different row distances is 2: 1 is lower than 3: 1 and 1: 1. the weed biomass is under broadcasting and narrow row application, the wide and narrow row configuration is 2: 1 is less than 1: 1 and 3: 1, and when wide row bar application, the wide and narrow row arrangement is 1: 1 is less than 2: 1 and 3: 1. the reasonable wide and narrow row configuration and the proper plant spacing can inhibit the occurrence of weeds and reduce the incidence rate of sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the same time. Analysis of variance shows that the Wuhan and the Xining treatments are very different in different fertilization modes, different total row distances, different wide and narrow row configurations and interaction.
The invention is not to be considered as limited to the particular embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row and strip application of fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, sowing rape seeds on a wide row and a narrow row, wherein the row spacing of the wide row is larger than that of the narrow row, and the total row spacing of the wide row and the narrow row is 40-60 cm;
step 2, applying base fertilizer to the deep soil in the narrow row;
and 3, performing later conventional management.
2. The cultivation method for improving rape planting efficiency by applying fertilizer in narrow rows and strips as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the row spacing of the wide rows to the row spacing of the narrow rows in step 1 is 1-3: 1.
3. the cultivation method for improving rape planting efficiency by applying fertilizer in narrow rows and strips as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the row spacing of the wide rows to the row spacing of the narrow rows in step 1 is 2: 1.
4. the cultivation method for improving rape planting efficiency by narrow-row strip application of fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in the step 2 comprises 525--2Nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 10-15kg hm-2The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer comprises 15% of pure nitrogen, 15% of phosphorus pentoxide and 15% of potassium oxide: 15%: 15 percent.
5. The cultivation method for improving rape planting efficiency by narrow row and strip application of fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deep soil in the narrow row applied with the base fertilizer in the step 2 is 10cm to 15cm from the surface soil.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101438662A (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2009-05-27 | 重庆市南川区富民科技推广中心 | Method for planting wide-row non-ploughing direct-seeding high-yield rape |
| CN104472149A (en) * | 2014-11-15 | 2015-04-01 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Small strong oilseed rape seedling wide and narrow row single-plant row-planting method |
| CN106386114A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Oilseed rape seedling-raising transplanting method |
| CN107439213A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-08 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | A kind of rape wide-and narrow-row seed manure staggered floor is the same as the method broadcast |
-
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- 2019-12-25 CN CN201911360018.1A patent/CN110881366A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101438662A (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2009-05-27 | 重庆市南川区富民科技推广中心 | Method for planting wide-row non-ploughing direct-seeding high-yield rape |
| CN104472149A (en) * | 2014-11-15 | 2015-04-01 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Small strong oilseed rape seedling wide and narrow row single-plant row-planting method |
| CN106386114A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Oilseed rape seedling-raising transplanting method |
| CN107439213A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-08 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | A kind of rape wide-and narrow-row seed manure staggered floor is the same as the method broadcast |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 涂仕华: "《常用肥料使用手册》", 31 January 2014 * |
| 马生发: "《陇东特色作物生产技术》", 31 January 2017 * |
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