CN104472149A - Small strong oilseed rape seedling wide and narrow row single-plant row-planting method - Google Patents
Small strong oilseed rape seedling wide and narrow row single-plant row-planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104472149A CN104472149A CN201410652527.2A CN201410652527A CN104472149A CN 104472149 A CN104472149 A CN 104472149A CN 201410652527 A CN201410652527 A CN 201410652527A CN 104472149 A CN104472149 A CN 104472149A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B5/00—Thomas phosphate; Other slag phosphates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small strong oilseed rape seedling wide and narrow row row-planting method. The small strong oilseed rape seedling wide and narrow row row-planting method is characterized in that the age of oilseed rape seedlings to be transplanted is controlled to be 25 days; single-plant wide and narrow row row-planting is performed in a specification of a wide row of 60cm, a narrow row of 40cm, and a row spacing of 13cm, and the plant density is 100,000 plants per mu; in 30 days after flowering of oilseed rapes, monopotassium phosphate and effective boron mixed with water are sprayed to leaf surfaces, wherein the use amount is 100g of the monopotassium phosphate and 50g of the effective boron (the content of the available boron is larger than or equal to 20%) mixed with 50kg of water per mu. According to the small strong oilseed rape seedling wide and narrow row row-planting method, in 168mu of contiguous demonstration fields, the average yield per mu of 360.80kg is achieved, and the average oil content is 44.67%; compared with the non-demonstration fields, the demonstration fields have the advantages that the average yield per mu is increased by 111kg, i.e., 44.44%, the oil content is increased by 2.43 percent points, and the increase income per mu is 666 yuan.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil crop technical field of cultivation, be specifically related to the seedling raising and transplanting high-yield planting method of rape.
Background technology
Rape (Brassica napus), Cruciferae, Brassica genus is the main source of mankind's edible vegetable oil and fat.Rape is one of large main oil crop (soybean, rape, peanut, sunflower) in the world four, is mainly distributed in China, India, Australia, Europe, Canada and the U.S..Meanwhile, the first oil crop of rape Ye Shi China, the development of Rape industry is directly connected to the edible vegetable oil and fat supply of the people.
Developed country (Australia, Europe, Canada and the U.S.) Rape-seed production has realized entire mechanization and has produced, and considerably reduces Rape-seed production cost by entire mechanization.India's rape all adopts direct sowing culture, and the level of production (output, benefit) is starkly lower than China.China rape cultivated area is only second to India and occupies second place of the world, and rape seed output ranks first in the world, and overall R & D Level (comprising basic research, breed breeding and cultivation etc.) occupy world lead level.China's edible vegetable oil and fat degree of self-sufficiency is less than 40%, and due to country labor force transfer and the decline of Rape-seed production comparative effectiveness, China in Recent Years rapeseed area decreases, edible vegetable oil and fat security situation is severe, further raising rape per unit area yield and benefit, promote that the increase of area and gross yield is great to guarantee edible vegetable oil and fat security implications.
Because natural climate condition complexity is various, China's rapeseed cultivation also presents diversified present situation.Have spring rape and winter rape plantation concurrently, mainly contain live (comprising the mechanization production progressively developed in recent years) and seedling raising and transplanting two kinds of cultivation methods.Compared with direct sowing culture, although seedling raising and transplanting adds nursery link, but seed consumption is few, do not need thinning final singling, seedling uniformity is beneficial to well field management and obtains high yield, also alleviates rapeseed cultivation crops for rotation contradiction, therefore, in a period of time at present and in the future, it will be a kind of important planting type in China's rape producing region.
In the plantation of rape seedling raising and transplanting, the subject matter existed at present has following aspect:
One is that seedling age is long.Current rape transplants seedling age generally at 30-35 days, and minority reaches more than 40 days.Tree transplanted causes the rape transplant survival phase to extend, radical leaves withered death, and survival rate declines; If seedbed thinning also causes high pin transplantation of seedlings not in time, even there is the phenomenon that on seedbed, bolting is bloomed to occur, do not utilize cultivation to obtain high yield short strong sprout.
Two is that culturable standard varies, and planting density is extremely greatly different, is low to moderate 0.2 ten thousand plants/acre, high to 1.5 ten thousand plants/acre.General transplanting employing waits line-spacing to transplant, and culturable standard is generally line-spacing 30-50 centimetre, spacing in the rows 18-25 centimetre, and planting density mostly is 0.8-1.2 ten thousand plants/acre.This planting type is that individual plant is on the weak side on the one hand, relies on colony's cultivation, is difficult to the yield potentiality playing the hybrid strain with high yield applied now.Line-spacing is little on the other hand, is inconvenient to carry out the farming bookkeepings such as cultivation and banking, and lodging phenomenon happens occasionally and affects final yield of rape; For convenience of field management, part rape producing region starts to explore use wide-and narrow-row and transplants.Existing culturable standard mostly is wide row 90-100 centimetre, narrow row 40-50 centimetre, spacing in the rows 15-16 centimetre, planting density more than 0.6 ten thousand plants/acre.This plantation specification wide row is too wide, spacing in the rows is overstocked, and density is not high and do not utilize rape tiller.In addition, also have and adopt wide row 60 centimetres, narrow row 40-45 centimetre, spacing in the rows 20-24 centimetre wide-and narrow-row culturable standard or line-spacing 40 centimetres, the report of spacing in the rows 20-22 centimetre of equal-specification, its planting density is respectively 0.6-0.7 ten thousand plants/acre and 0.9-1.0 ten thousand plants/acre.The first specification planting density is still inadequate, and the second specification does not but reach the object being beneficial to field management.
Three be apply fertilizer heavy generally after light, particularly Quality is usually used as seed manure, in addition spring overall drought impact nutrient uptake and utilization, usually cause tank oil vegetable seed grain fully inadequate, thousand kernel weight reduces, oil content and production declining.In recent years, some producing regions attempt imposing Quality on later stage blade face, but how to use at rape initial bloom stage.
How the solution of above-mentioned three aspect problems is organically combined, propose a kind of effectively, the suitableeest rape method for culturing and transplanting seedlings, be the important topic being badly in need of solving.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of rape wide-and narrow-row individual plant bar in little strong sprout cultivating method, the method comprises the following steps:
(1), when Brassica campestris L seedling transplants land for growing field crops, transplanting rape seedling seedling age controls at 25 days;
(2) adopt the specification individual plant wide-and narrow-row bar of wide row 60 centimetres, narrow row 40 centimetres and spacing in the rows 13 centimetres to plant, planting density is at 1.0 ten thousand plants/acre;
(3) rape Post flowering 30 days, blade face is watered and sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate and quick-acting boron, effective boron content >=20% in described quick-acting boron, and consumption and usage are: every mu of use 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphates and the quick-acting boron of 50g, be watered 50 kilograms of foliage-sprays.
Except above-mentioned steps, during growth of rape, conveniently rape high yield cultivation method carries out applying fertilizer and field management.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention proposes rape transplanting seedling age with demonstration inspection and controls at 25 days on the basis of test, and plantation specification is that the specification individual plant wide-and narrow-row bar of wide row 60 centimetres, narrow row 40 centimetres and spacing in the rows 13 centimetres is planted, and planting density is at 1.0 ten thousand plants/acre; Three effective measures of rape Post flowering 30 days foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphates and quick-acting boron, solve and transplant seedling age problem most.Determine at 25 days by the suitableeest transplanting, the Brassica campestris L seedling growing 25 days has 5 true leaves, seedling average height 15 centimetres, achieves to transplant little strong sprout to ensure that strong seedling cultivation; The plantation specification of its " the wide-and narrow-row individual plant bar of wide row 60 centimetres, narrow row 40 centimetres, spacing in the rows 13 centimetres is planted ", ensure that rape colony and individual coordinated development, achieve the balance volume increase of Rape-seed production, in the foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate of rape Post flowering 30 days (rape is contained and spent the later stage) and the time of boron fertilizer, ensure that the performance of fertilizer efficiency, improve yield of rape and interior quality.The present invention's three measures organically combine, create synergy, the experiment and demonstration inspection in flakes of 168 mu, land for growing field crops, average yield per mu 360.80 kilograms, Average oil concentration 44.67%, compare with non-demonstration area (contrast), average mu increases production 111 kilograms, volume increase 44.44%, oil content increases by 2.43 percentage points, mu increases income 666 yuan, creates unforeseeable technique effect, creates national precocious rape tidemark in flakes.
The seedling age that rape is transplanted by the present invention was by existing 30-35 days, even more than 40 days, ahead of time by 25 days, decrease the growth time of Brassica campestris L seedling on seedbed, stop rape height pin seedling and the seedling possibility at seedbed bolting, seedling is easily survived, shorten into current, utilize and promote rape tiller, cultivate and strengthen anti-disaster ability short strong sprout.
The wide-and narrow-row standardized cultivation specification that the present invention adopts, the branch growth of its spacing in the rows 13 centimetres of optimum rape individual plants; 1.0 ten thousand plants/acre of planting densities, effectively achieve the coordinated development of seedling raising and transplanting rape individual plant and colony, reach the object that individual plant and population equilibrium promote rape yield increasing.
The present invention spends later stage (rape Post flowering 30 days) blade face to be watered to spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and quick-acting boron and Optimum thereof in Sheng, efficiently solve growth of rape later stage phosphorus element, problem that the plain and boron attainment of potassium divides undersupply, facilitate tank oil vegetable seed Grain Filling, improve thousand kernel weight, and then impel the tank oil Oil-seed yield of rape harvest and the raising of grain oil content.
The present invention is easy and simple to handle, creates unforeseeable the effect of increasing income, and to promotion China Rape-seed production, ensure that edible vegetable oil and fat supply is significant, suitable rape seedling raising and transplanting producing region is applied.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is normal rapeseed high-yield cultivating method without specified otherwise.
2010-2012, has carried out the correlation test research of continuous 2 years in Linxiang District, Lincang City of Yunnan Province.
1, seedling age experimental study is transplanted
Be provided with 20 days, 25 days, 30 days, 35 days, 40 days five transplant seedling age process, investigate seedling leaves number, seedling height, one-tenth current, survival rate, the Mean Death number of blade four indexs.Result shows: the seedling age Brassica campestris L seedling of 25 days, plant height 15 centimetres, has 5, blade, and transplant and can survive for latter 6 days, survival rate 98%, only having basic 1 blade death to come off after surviving, is the suitableeest transplanting seedling.
And the seedling age seedling of 20 days, due to Miao Jun little, although survive fast, survive on rear seedling and only have 2 blades to live, seedling is weak, be difficult to nurturing staff.Seedling age is transplanted for more than 30 days, and become current to postpone, survival rate reduces, and with high pin seedling even early blossoming phenomenon, is difficult to nurturing staff equally.(referring to table 1)
Table 1. rape transplants seedling age and growth of seedling condition survey statistical form
2, the relation experimental study of wide-and narrow-row Transplanting Density and Yield and its components
For convenience of field management, the wide row of this research choice for use 60 centimetres, the wide-narrow row planting method of narrow row 40 centimetres, controls planting density by adjustment spacing in the rows.Test spacing in the rows is respectively 19 centimetres, 17 centimetres, 15 centimetres, 13 centimetres, 12 centimetres and 11 centimetres, and reduced density is respectively 0.7 ten thousand plants/acre, 0.8 ten thousand plants/acre, 0.9 ten thousand plants/acre, 1.0 ten thousand plants/acre, 1.1 ten thousand plants/acre and 1.2 ten thousand plants/acre.Under the various plantation specification of pilot survey, rape individual plant angle fruit number, seed number per pod, thousand kernel weight, calculate theoretical output, weigh up effective yield.Result shows:
Adopt wide row 60 centimetres, the plantation specification of narrow row 40 centimetres, spacing in the rows 13 centimetres, rape Transplanting Density is controlled at 1.0 ten thousand plants/acre, the several 535.63 jiaos/strain of its individual plant angle fruit, seed number per pod 24.87/angle, thousand kernel weight 4.30 grams, theoretical yield can reach 572.81 thousand grams/acre, effective yield has been up to 467.25 thousand grams/acre, effectively can realize the object that individual plant and population equilibrium increase production.
The relation statistical analysis of table 2. wide-and narrow-row Transplanting Density and Yield and its components
3, the relation research of foliage-spray Quality time and seed number per pod, thousand kernel weight and oil content
Select assorted No. 10 of main cultivation cross-bred rape kind cloud oil, at initial bloom stage (during 50% plant blossom), contain and spend initial stage (Post flowering 10 days), full-bloom stage (Post flowering 20 days), contain and spend later stage (Post flowering 30 days) and five periods of Flowers ending (Post flowering 40 days), the blade face of having carried out continuous 2 years is watered and sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boron fertilizer experimental study, effective boron content >=20% in described quick-acting boron, consumption usage is: every mu of use 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphates and 50 grams of quick-acting boron, be watered 50 kilograms of foliage-sprays.
Analyze the impact of foliar application time on rape seed number per pod and thousand kernel weight two yield forming key elements and tank oil vegetable seed index of quality oil content.Result shows: when Sheng spends later stage (Post flowering 30 days) foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boron fertilizer, the quality of commodity vegetable seed is best, and every seed number per pod reaches 25.43, thousand kernel weight 4.50 grams, oil content reach 44.52%.
The relation of table 3. foliage-spray Quality time and seed number per pod, thousand kernel weight and oil content
Demonstration Application example
The present invention, in template model is built, achieves unforeseeable the effect of increasing income.
1. implementation process
The present embodiment is implemented in 2013-2014 in Bo Shang town, Linxiang District, Lincang City of Yunnan Province, this area's height above sea level 1770 meters, annual rainfall 1300 millimeters, in March ,-2014 in September, 2013 rainfall 45 millimeters, average temperature of the whole year 16.8 DEG C, the effective accumulated temperature 4500-5000 DEG C of >=10 DEG C, frost-free season 290-300 days, winter not very severe cold but about having a zero degree, (duration is at 5-7 days, at 1-4 point in morning every day) cold stage, temperature declines slow with uphill process, suitable growth of rape.Experimental field belong to irrigation and drainage tableland easily, previous crops flue-cured tobacco, fertility is higher.
Rape template model implements area 168 mu.
On September 15th, 2013, complete 18 mu of seedbeds and unify nursery.
October 21 completed transplanting, seedling age 25 days in the set of specifications in strict accordance with " wide row 60 centimetres, narrow row 40 centimetres, spacing in the rows 13 centimetres of individual plant wide-and narrow-row bars are planted, and planting density is at 1.0 ten thousand plants/acre ".During transplanting, mu executes 3 kg urea, 20 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 5 kilo sulfuric acid potassium, 1 kilogram of high-efficient boron fertilizer (boracic 9%, lower same) make seed manure, and the spirit of ground aphid is executed with seed manure is mixed, does not water normal root water (spotting during transplanting).
Every mu of use 10 kg urea was watered to water to execute and carried seed manure November 10; Unification on the December 8 every mu yellow plate of 8-10 sheet carries out the physics prevention and control of alatae; December 13, December 26 spray only gorgeous pre-frost damage prevention for twice;
13-15 day in December intertills, and is mentioned in narrow row by the soil in wide row and earthing up.And according to seedling stage, mu nitrogen fertilizer application 5-10 kilogram, composite fertilizer 10-15 kilogram (N P and K 15:15:15), high-efficient boron fertilizer 1 kilogram are as tongue fertilizers for potted flowers.December 16 poured water 1 time.
On January 25th, 2014 (rape contain spend the later stage, Post flowering 30 days), every mu with Imidacloprid 100 grams+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams+quick-acting boron 50 grams (effective boron content >=20%), be watered 50 kilograms, disposable mixture foliage-spray.
Be used alternatingly alkene pyridine worm peace on February 28, March 12 and Imidacloprid is anti-eliminates aphis 2 times.March 13, March 26 respectively pour water 1 time.
2, implementation result
On April 10th, 2014, presided over by Department of Agriculture of Yunnan Province, in host country, experts carries out the examination of field survey product.
Expert group randomly draws three pieces of fields and carries out survey product, average yield per mu 360.80 kilograms in demonstration area, compare with non-demonstration area average yield per mu 249.80 kilograms (contrasts), average mu increases production 111 kilograms, volume increase 44.44%; Commodity vegetable seed is through Quality Detection, all reach national Double-low Rape Seed standard, wherein, demonstration area Average oil concentration 44.67%, more non-demonstration area Average oil concentration 42.24% increase by 2.43 percentage points, improve product quality, by the 6.00 yuan of calculating of every kilogram of commodity vegetable seed comprehensive market valency, every mu of rape increases income 666 yuan, creates unforeseeable technique effect.
Claims (1)
1. rape wide-and narrow-row individual plant bar in little strong sprout cultivating method, is characterized in that:
(1), when Brassica campestris L seedling transplants land for growing field crops, transplanting rape seedling seedling age controls at 25 days;
(2) adopt the specification individual plant wide-and narrow-row bar of wide row 60 centimetres, narrow row 40 centimetres and spacing in the rows 13 centimetres to plant, planting density is at 1.0 ten thousand plants/acre;
(3) rape Post flowering 30 days, blade face is watered and sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate and quick-acting boron, effective boron content >=20% in described quick-acting boron, and consumption and usage are: every mu of use 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphates and 50 grams of quick-acting boron, be watered 50 kilograms of foliage-sprays.
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| CN201410652527.2A CN104472149B (en) | 2014-11-15 | 2014-11-17 | Brassica campestris L wide-and narrow-row individual plant bar in little strong sprout cultivating method |
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| CN201410652527.2A CN104472149B (en) | 2014-11-15 | 2014-11-17 | Brassica campestris L wide-and narrow-row individual plant bar in little strong sprout cultivating method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107439213A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-08 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | A kind of rape wide-and narrow-row seed manure staggered floor is the same as the method broadcast |
| CN110881366A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-17 | 华中农业大学 | Cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row and strip-application of fertilizer |
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| CN1112388A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1995-11-29 | 成都市第二农业科学研究所 | Ternary hybrid rape seed breeding technique inhibiting micropollen |
| JPH1175548A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-03-23 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Cultivation of cell grown seedling |
| CN103814730A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-28 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Relay cropping mulching cultivation method for autumn potatoes and oilseed rapes |
| CN103814733A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-28 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Relay intercropping cultivation method of autumn potatoes and oilseed rapes in rice field |
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2014
- 2014-11-17 CN CN201410652527.2A patent/CN104472149B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1112388A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1995-11-29 | 成都市第二农业科学研究所 | Ternary hybrid rape seed breeding technique inhibiting micropollen |
| JPH1175548A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-03-23 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Cultivation of cell grown seedling |
| CN103814730A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-28 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Relay cropping mulching cultivation method for autumn potatoes and oilseed rapes |
| CN103814733A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-28 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Relay intercropping cultivation method of autumn potatoes and oilseed rapes in rice field |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 农业部油料专家组: "冬油菜春季田间管理技术意见", 《农民日报》 * |
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| 王家容: "江津区优质油菜高产栽培技术", 《安徽农学通报》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107439213A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-08 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | A kind of rape wide-and narrow-row seed manure staggered floor is the same as the method broadcast |
| CN110881366A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-17 | 华中农业大学 | Cultivation method for improving rape planting benefit by utilizing narrow-row and strip-application of fertilizer |
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