CN103461098A - Breeding method for rape - Google Patents
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- CN103461098A CN103461098A CN 201310368027 CN201310368027A CN103461098A CN 103461098 A CN103461098 A CN 103461098A CN 201310368027 CN201310368027 CN 201310368027 CN 201310368027 A CN201310368027 A CN 201310368027A CN 103461098 A CN103461098 A CN 103461098A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method for rape. The breeding method comprises the steps as follows: selecting a rape variety Zhenyou No.5 which is planted in a large area in production, and has the characteristics of high yield, good disease resistance and lodging resistance, outstanding comprehensive characters and wide applicability, and performing purification and rejuvenation; collecting and screening an excellent variety (line) which has relatively far genetic relationship with the Zhenyou No.5, and has the characteristics of double-low quality, good yielding ability, outstanding stress resistance and high oil content and performing purification and rejuvenation; taking the Zhenyou No.5 purification and rejuvenation line as a female parent and taking the screened distant related purification and rejuvenation line as a male parent, and performing castration and hybridization manually; harvesting seeds and planting in the same year to perform yield identification, performing field screening to obtain hybrid seeds with good comprehensive characters, high yield and strong advantages, and performing indoor seed test and quality determination in a combination way on the selected target combination; adopting a chemical hybridizing agent to perform chemical hybridizing on the Zhenyou No.5, and planting the male parent to perform seed production, so as to product hybrid seeds; performing a multi-point test on the produced seed target combination through chemical hybridizing, and testing the advantages and the wide adaptability of the produced seed target combination; performing pre-production, demonstration and popularization.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses breeding method and the correlation technique measure of a Plants, especially a kind of breeding method of utilizing rape heterosis.Say more specifically a kind of rape heterosis that fast, safely, efficiently utilizes, process simplification, the method that simple and easy to do, the new combination of rape is cultivated on the controllability highland, belong to the plant cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Along with improving constantly of rapid development of economy and living standards of the people, market is increasing to the demand of rape seed, and industry occupies cultivated land, area sharply increases, the rapeseed cultivation area reduces relatively, imbalance between supply and demand is more outstanding, and international and domestic supply is tight slightly, and the whole world is to the vegetable oil increase in demand.At present, it is nervous that world's grease supply has been tending towards, and China faces the problem of oil supply quantity not sufficient equally.According to expert research and analysis, 2005-2010, global vegetable oil consumption will increase 27%, and edible consumption increases 14%, and biofuel increases 13%.The yield per unit area that how to improve rape seed just seems particularly important.Rape is the fifth-largest dominant crop of China after paddy rice, wheat, corn, soybean, and cultivated area and output all account for 30% left and right in the world.The sowing area in rape district, the Yangtze river basin, output all account for more than 85% of the whole nation, are the most concentrated double-low rapeseed advantage producing regions of China.Jiangsu is located in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, and rapeseed cultivation area, total product, per unit area yield lay respectively at the 5th, the 3rd, the 1st of the whole nation, have very important status.Due to the utilization of rape heterosis, the Jiangsu yield of rape improves constantly, and unit yield is positioned at first of the whole nation, higher more than 1/3 than the average per unit area yield of national rape.According to statistics, 2011, the Qin's serial cross-bred rape kind cultivated area of oil accounted for nearly 7 one-tenth of the whole province's rapeseed cultivation area, is the leading kind steadily improved of yield of rape.Therefore, utilizing rape heterosis, bring into play its Yield Competition advantage, bring into play its high yield characteristic, is the rape industrialization, promotes the important channel of rape industrial competitiveness.For a long time, the rapeseed breeding man is strengthening aspect rape heterosis utilizes, being measured a large amount of combinations every year to screen strong advantage combination, to accelerate to advance the utilization of rape heterosis.It is three kinds of sterile (GMS) crossbreed, selfings not affine (ST) that current China rape heterosis mainly utilizes approach that cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) three line hybrid seed, cell nucleus hero are arranged, thereby utilize male sterile line in process to there will be low-temperature fine powder to cause crossbreed sterile strain to occur, cause production loss, easily produce seed and compensate risk, and the production of hybrid seeds is loaded down with trivial details, hybrid seed yield is difficult to be guaranteed.Disclosed by the invention fast, safety, efficiently utilize the approach of rape heterosis, process simplification, simple and easy to do, controllability is high, safety, convenient, efficient, high yield, solved the technical barrier run in the rape heterosis utilization preferably.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art and problem, provide a kind of fast, safety, efficiently utilize the approaches and methods of rape heterosis, thereby making up the low-temperature fine powder occurred in traditional rape heterosis utilization process causes crossbreed sterile strain to occur, cause production loss, easily produce the problem that seed is compensated risk, overcome the production of hybrid seeds loaded down with trivial details, hybrid seed yield is difficult to guaranteed technical barrier.Accelerate to advance, utilize the high cross-bred rape of strong advantage newly to combine, promote the rape industrial competitiveness.
The applicant is through repetition test for many years, in all multi-design methods and breeding method, find, following implementation method can well reach goal of the invention to solve the problems of the prior art, and the present invention is a kind of fast, safety, efficiently utilize the breeding method of rape heterosis to comprise the following steps:
A) select rape strain town 2405 purification and rejuvenation that the high-yield disease resisting of producing upper spread plantation is anti-fall, Comprehensive Traits is given prominence to, have broad applicability;
B) relatively far away, the quality of collection screening and No. 5 (original name town 2405) affiliations of town oil two low, yielding ability good, resistance is outstanding, the outstanding kind (being) that oil content is high is is also purificated and rejuvenated;
C) with No. 5 (original name town 2405) purification and rejuvenation of town oil, being maternal, is male parent with the edge purification and rejuvenation far away that filter out, and adopts artificial emasculation hybridization;
D) the results seed is planted then and is carried out the output evaluation, and Field Screening goes out that Comprehensive Traits is good, output is high, and advantage is strong, in conjunction with indoor species test, quality determination, and the middle objective cross that selects;
E) adopt male sterilant to No. 5 chemical emasculations of town oil, the plantation male parent is carried out the production of hybrid seeds, produces hybrid seed;
F) chemical emasculation production of hybrid seeds objective cross, carry out variety comparative test, and carry out the multiple spot test, checks the extensive adaptability of its advantage; Carry out pilot scale, demonstration, popularization.
In cultivation method of the present invention, select that the high-yield disease resisting of producing the spread plantation is anti-fall, Comprehensive Traits is given prominence to, there is No. 5, the rape variety town oil of broad applicability and propose rejuvenation, collection screening and No. 5 affiliations of town oil are relatively far away, quality is pair low, yielding ability good, resistance is outstanding, the outstanding kind (being) that oil content is high purification and rejuvenation; With No. 5 purification and rejuvenation of town oil, being maternal, is male parent with the edge purification and rejuvenation far away that filter out, and adopts artificial emasculation hybridization; Results Eclectics seed is planted then and is carried out the output evaluation, and Field Screening goes out that Comprehensive Traits is good, output is high, and advantage is strong, in conjunction with indoor species test, quality determination, and the middle objective cross that selects; Adopt male sterilant to No. 5 chemical emasculations of town oil, the plantation male parent is carried out the production of hybrid seeds, produces hybrid seed; Carry out the multiple spot test, check the extensive adaptability of its advantage; Carry out pilot scale, demonstration, popularization.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. quality is two low, and commodity is good
Full seed is perfectly round, and thousand kernel weight is high, reaches 4g left and right (general cross rape thousand kernel weight is the 3.7g left and right), and seed is black, and commodity is good.Ministry of Agriculture's quality testing center test result is delivered in sampling in 2011: oil content 43.20%, and glucosinolate content 15.78umol/g cake powder, content of erucic acid 0.1%, meet national double-low rapeseed standard.Stalk break is lighter, the incidence of disease 6.12%, and disease refers to 3.25, lower than contrast, cold resistance is good.
2. resistance is outstanding, and high and stable yield is good,
The rape individuality that the method relates to all has well anti-(anti-) property to stalk break and virus disease.Through Institute of Plant Protection, academy of agricultural sciences, Jiangsu Province, unified sampling is identified, stalk break is lighter, the incidence of disease 6.12%, and disease refers to 3.25, the performance high resistance, other mixed natural disposition diseases are light, and waterlogging tolerance is good.Seedling stage is upright, tongue phase robust growth, and the spring is sent out by force, and the florescence concentrates, and grain closeer, and structure of output is coordinated, and ripe uniformity is better.General 220 kilograms of per mu yields (the high yield field can reach more than 260 kilograms), contrast No. 7 volume increase 7% left and right of Qin's oil, plant height 160.5cm, several 9.46 of primary branch, 4.89 of secondary branch amounts, 350.65 of the effective branch amounts of complete stool, angular length 7.52cm, every seed number per pod is more, is 21.53, Self-regulation ability is strong, and easily cultivation is promoted.Individual seedling stage is upright, tongue phase robust growth, and the spring is sent out by force, and the florescence concentrates, and grain closeer, and structure of output is coordinated, and ripe uniformity is better.
3, the convenient use of preparation combination technical method of the present invention, by chemical emasculation, induce the generation physiological sterile, do not need required maintainer, restorer in cell nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction male sterile line, parental apolegamy freely, assembly hybrid combination arbitrarily, be conducive to utilize the Rape Germplasm Resources of China's abundant, select in excellent excellently, filter out the cross combination which has strong superior of high yield, disease-resistant, high-quality.
4, short and general genetic method utilizes hybrid vigour method ratio the production application cycle, need not carry out for a long time three developments that are, transformation, test and cultivation, can directly utilize the improved variety that has obtained improvement at aspects such as output, varietal resistance, adaptability, in the short time, produce enough F1 seeds.
5, operation male sterilant convenient, that seed safety is used reliably is easy to get.Spray medicament period, operating process is easily grasped, saving of labor's abridged edition, overcome general three be, two be the loaded down with trivial details and high shortcoming of cost in system (numerous) kind process.Even occur that maternal inbred line does not thoroughly appear in gametocide, also can utilize maternal intrinsic advantage to obtain high yield, overcome the output risk that genetic method utilizes hybrid vigour to there will be sterile strain to cause.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: be cultivation method technology path schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment
1) spring in 2006 is selected the rape variety town 2405 that the high-yield disease resisting of producing upper spread plantation is anti-fall, Comprehensive Traits is given prominence to, have broad applicability, bagging selfing, purification and rejuvenation;
2) spring sowing in 2007 plant that collection He Cunyu town 2405 affiliations are relatively far away, quality two low, yielding ability good, resistance is outstanding, the outstanding kind America and Japan head pod king that oil content is high, No. 1, river agriculture oil, Yuhuang 1, No. 5, Gansu Province oil, No. 1, China association, No. 11, continuous oil, Zhejiang oil 18, Zhejiang oil 50, two No. 6 of Zhejiang, Zhejiang be two 758, in two No. 9, in two No. 11, No. 17, Hunan oil, Shanghai oil 16, Suyou 4, Huaihe River oil 20, the oil 50 etc. purificating and rejuvenating of converging.
3) No. 5 (original name town 2405) purification and rejuvenation of 2008 Nian Yi town oil are maternal, with the edge purification and rejuvenation far away that filter out, are male parent, adopt a large amount of hybridization of the many combinations of artificial emasculation;
4) the prior year hybrid seed was waited to strain homalographic plantation in 2009, No. 7, Qin's oil of the spread of take plantation, for contrasting, is identified its individual plant productivity and population yield level;
5) hybrid seed to choosing combination in field in 2009 carries out indoor species test, and quality and oil content are measured, and determines No. 5 * Zhejiang of oil, objective cross town oil 18, combination code name HZ0916;
6) within 2010, adopt male sterilant to No. 5 chemical emasculations of town oil, (female parent: male parent=6: 2) Zhejiang oil 18 carries out the production of hybrid seeds to interval plantation male parent, produces hybrid seed HZ0916;
7) the HZ0916 hybrid seed that the 2011 pairs of chemical emasculations are made enters variety comparative test, and yield heterosis is outstanding, than No. 7 volume increase 7.03% of contrast Qin oil, extremely remarkable;
8) within 2012, to HZ0916, in Zhenjiang, many cities and counties arrange the multiple spot test, and advantage is outstanding, and average yield is than No. 7 volume increase 8.16% of contrast Qin oil, extremely remarkable;
9) within 2013, at the Zhenjiang multiple spot, arrange the small size demonstration plant of 1 hectare of left and right, further determine its high and stable yield, adaptability, intend within 2014, to recommend to participate in Jiangsu Province's high-quality hybrid rape preliminary experiment.
The concrete process of implementing is in Table 1.
The product HZ0916 Main Biological that the present invention relates to incubation is as follows:
Through test, plant experimentally, feature and the output of HZ0916 per mu yield more than 220 kilograms forms: the HZ0916 plant height is the 160cm left and right, branch position 35cm left and right.Stem branch constitutional balance, once effectively branch amount 9-11 is individual, and the effective branch amount 4-6 of secondary, the long 45cm of main shaft left and right.It is with the obvious advantage that individual plant is effectively tied the angle number, reaches 350 left and right, Pod length 7.5cm left and right, 21 left and right of every seed number per pod.HZ0916 belongs to ripe two low cabbage type rape hybrids in semiwinterness, and individual plant effective angle fruit number is many.Should grasp rational close planting on cultivating, reach seedling and intertill to loosen the soil in time and eliminate a short early morning, and the raising Population Quality, accomplish fluently the high yield basis.Guaranteeing on the basis of suitable Basic Seedling, promoting angle fruit number to grow, thereby reaching the purpose that the many and balance of angle fruit, grain are striven for high yield greatly.
The culture technique that should grasp and enforcement technical essential are as follows:
(1) the culture technique main points are generally similar with No. 10, Qin oil:
1, proper seeding was sowed about September 15.The seedbed amount of broadcasting 0.5-0.6 kg/acre, accomplish light seeding, even broadcasting, and guarantees to transplant strong sprout, and the rear timely thinning of emerging, about 40 days length of time rice seedlings grow; 2, cultivation seedbed in strong sprout is controlled at 1 with the land for growing field crops ratio: the 5-6 left and right, use sufficient base fertilizer, and use boron fertilizer and phosphorus potash fertilizer.3, rational close planting optimum period, transplant, and density rests in 0.8-1.0 ten thousand/mu, and live density is 1.2-1.3 ten thousand/mu; 4, every mu of rich water quality management is executed purity nitrogen 15-20 kilogram, and heavy dressing base manure is suitably early executed and carried seed manure and tongue fertilizer.Wherein base manure should account for 60% of total fertilizing amount, and guarantees that N, P, K, B coordinate, and transplants after living early to execute and carries seed manure, guarantees to survive the winter strong sprout, at the beginning of late January or 2 months, uses tongue fertilizer in the time of the high 2-3 of tongue centimetre.5, the weed growth of the whole season of growth of rape is controlled in the disease pest and weed control.Prevent seedling stage eliminating aphis and cabbage caterpillar.The spray medicine is prevented and treated stalk break.
(2) implement technical essential
1, the parental apolegamy female parent is preferably selected the rape variety that broad applicability was given prominence to, had to high yield, the Comprehensive Traits of the upper spread plantation of production, bagging selfing, purification and rejuvenation; That male parent should be selected is relatively far away with maternal affiliation, quality two low, yielding ability good, resistance is outstanding, the outstanding kind (being) that oil content is high produces the advantage of Super-high-yielding to reach filial generation when possessing outstanding Comprehensive Traits.
2, purification and rejuvenation must be carried out the bagging selfing for the Parent of combo, and purification and rejuvenation keep the kind of kind, realize the intervarietal cross advantage that hybridizes.
3, the Parent interval plantation (female parent: male parent=6: 2), suitably period adopt male sterilant to town oil No. 5 chemical emasculations of production of hybrid seeds operation to purification and rejuvenation.
4, chemical emasculation is used the 0.015%-0.020% male sterilant No. 2, and consumption is controlled at the 15ml/ strain, March 5 (rape monokaryotic stage), sprays, and comparatively saves trouble; If spraying effect the best at twice: plant flower bud length sprays while reaching 1mm for the first time, when plant flower bud length reaches 2.5mm, with half consumption for the first time, sprays.
5, cut off in advance male parent after operating in time maturation, gather in the crops in time hybrid seed threshing airing, prevent mechanical admixture.
The present invention relates to combine HZ0916 result of the test and technology implementation result
1. result of the test and yield level
In 2010-2011 year combination output variety comparative test, 222.25 kilograms of per mu yields, than No. 10 volume increase 7.03% of contrast Qin oil.In the test of 2010-2011 year Zhengjiang City's multiple spot, 216.83 kilograms of per mu yields, than No. 7 volume increase 8.16% of contrast Qin oil.220 kilograms of the general per mu yields of HZ0916, the high yield field can reach more than 260 kilograms.2011 start, and in Jiangsu, the Anhui plantation that how to present a demonstration, paid per unit area yield reaches more than 220 kilograms, and yield potential is large.
2, technology implementation result
2012-2013 year adopts a plurality of combinations of this invention technology cultivation and carries out yield heterosis relatively with a plurality of combinations that general genetic method utilizes hybrid vigour to cultivate at Jiangsu scientific and technical innovation centre base, result shows, the combination of using technical method of the present invention to cultivate, in the yield heterosis competition, average yield increases more than 5% than the combination average output of utilizing hybrid vigour to cultivate with general genetic method, and process is easy, do not need required maintainer in cell nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction male sterile line, restorer, need not carry out for a long time three developments that are, transformation, test and cultivation, can directly utilize in output, varietal resistance, the aspects such as adaptability have obtained the improved variety of improvement, produce enough F1 seeds in the short time, parental apolegamy freely, assembly hybrid combination arbitrarily, be conducive to utilize the Rape Germplasm Resources of China's abundant, in excellent, select excellent, filter out high yield, disease-resistant, the cross combination which has strong superior of high-quality.Operating process is easily grasped, saving of labor's abridged edition, overcome general three be, two be the loaded down with trivial details and high shortcoming of cost in system (numerous) kind process.Even occur that maternal inbred line does not thoroughly appear in gametocide, also can utilize maternal intrinsic advantage to obtain high yield, overcome the output risk that genetic method utilizes hybrid vigour to there will be sterile strain to cause.The seed obtained is full, and germination rate is high, and commodity is good.
Table 1: the invention process method process
The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, and any variation of expecting without creative work or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain that claims were limited.
Claims (4)
1. the breeding method of a rape is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A) select No. 5 bagging selfings of oil of rape variety town to be purificated and rejuvenated;
B) select the oil 18 bagging selfings of rape variety Zhejiang to be purificated and rejuvenated;
C) with No. 5 (original name town 2405) purification and rejuvenation of town oil, be maternal, with the edge far away filtered out, purificating and rejuvenating is male parent, (preferably, No. 1, described male parent copper plate America and Japan head pod king, river agriculture oil, Yuhuang 1, No. 5, Gansu Province oil, No. 1, China association, No. 11, continuous oil, Zhejiang oil 18, Zhejiang oil 50, two No. 6 of Zhejiang, Zhejiang two 758, in two No. 9, in two No. 11, No. 17, Hunan oil, Shanghai oil 16, Suyou 4, Huaihe River oil 20, the oil 50 that converges) adopt artificial emasculation hybridization;
D) with No. 5 purification and rejuvenation of town oil, being maternal, is male parent with 18 purification and rejuvenation of Zhejiang oil, adopts male sterilant to be hybridized No. 5, No. 5 chemical emasculation ，Jiang town oil of town oil and Zhejiang oil 18, produces hybrid seed;
E) the chemical emasculation production of hybrid seeds, carry out the multiple spot test, checks the extensive adaptability of its advantage; Carry out pilot scale, demonstration, popularization.
2. rapeseed breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that oil No. 5 purification and rejuvenation in Qi Yi town are maternal, with 18 purification and rejuvenation of Zhejiang oil, is male parent, adopts artificial emasculation hybridization, produces hybrid seed and carry out the combination advantage screening.
3. rapeseed breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that its with male sterilant to No. 5 chemical emasculations of male parent town oil, plantation male parent Zhejiang oil 18 carries out the production of hybrid seeds, produces hybrid seed.
4. the rapeseed breeding method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) the maternal purification and rejuvenation First Year spring is selected the rape variety town 2405 that the high-yield disease resisting of producing upper spread plantation is anti-fall, Comprehensive Traits is given prominence to, have broad applicability, bagging selfing, purification and rejuvenation;
2) spring sowing of male parent purification and rejuvenation Second Year plant that collection He Cunyu town 2405 affiliations are relatively far away, quality two low, yielding ability good, resistance is outstanding, the outstanding kind (being) that oil content is high purification and rejuvenation;
3) No. 5 (original name town 2405) purification and rejuvenation of artificial emasculation hybridization the 3rd Nian Nianyi town oil are maternal, with the edge purification and rejuvenation far away that filter out, are male parent, adopt a large amount of hybridization of the many combinations of artificial emasculation;
4) advantage is identified the 4th year the prior year hybrid seed is waited to the plantation of strain homalographic, and No. 7, Qin's oil of the spread of take plantation, as contrasting, is identified its individual plant productivity and population yield level;
5) the 4th year year of Quality Detection carried out indoor species test to the hybrid seed of choosing combination in field, and quality and oil content are measured, and determines No. 5 * Zhejiang of oil, objective cross town oil 18;
6) the chemical emasculation production of hybrid seeds adopts male sterilant to No. 5 chemical emasculations of town oil on the 5th year, and plantation male parent Zhejiang oil 18 carries out the production of hybrid seeds, produces hybrid seed;
7) output identifies that the hybrid seed of chemical emasculation being made in the 6th year enters variety comparative test; ;
8) within the 7th year, to this combination seed, in Zhenjiang, many cities and counties arrange the multiple spot test in the multiple spot test, further determine its high and stable yield, adaptability.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105519427A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-04-27 | 重庆市农业科学院 | High-oil routine rape variety recurrent selection method |
| CN106305407A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-11 | 李建永 | Method for culturing rape seeds high in sterol level |
| CN107343441A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-11-14 | 安徽科氏丛林有机农业有限公司 | A kind of protecting method of rape |
| CN108812110A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-16 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method using plant with respect to plant height identification cabbage type rape temperature-sensitive characteristic |
-
2013
- 2013-08-22 CN CN 201310368027 patent/CN103461098A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105519427A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-04-27 | 重庆市农业科学院 | High-oil routine rape variety recurrent selection method |
| CN106305407A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-11 | 李建永 | Method for culturing rape seeds high in sterol level |
| CN107343441A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-11-14 | 安徽科氏丛林有机农业有限公司 | A kind of protecting method of rape |
| CN108812110A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-16 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method using plant with respect to plant height identification cabbage type rape temperature-sensitive characteristic |
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