CN104137724B - Wild cabbage 1 year two Ji Sishou cultivation method are overlapped between set course glutinous sweet corn, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage between garlic - Google Patents
Wild cabbage 1 year two Ji Sishou cultivation method are overlapped between set course glutinous sweet corn, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage between garlic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses between set course glutinous sweet corn between a kind of garlic, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage and overlap wild cabbage two Ji Sishou cultivation method, the present invention rationally carries out the arrangement of crops for rotation phase: the first season, cover early cooked food glutinous (sweet) corn between garlic, garlic early or mid October is sowed, to gather the first tenday period of a month in May garlic stems, dish sowing at the beginning of glutinous sweet corn mid-February to 3 month, early June, fresh corn can go on the market; The second season, overlap wild cabbage between off-season Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage late May is seeding and seedling raising extremely by the end of July, and late June, late July went on the market to early October in batches to field planting by the end of August; Off-season wild cabbage is sowed to early July the first tenday period of a month in May, and mid-June, mid or late August was to going on the market by the end of October in batches to field planting mid-August; Owing to selecting suitable improved seeds, adopt the intercropping and interplanting method of science for twice, improve sowing time, setting date and listing phase, the output of crop, the output value are increased, and reach the effect of 1 year two Ji Sishou, three vegetables in improper season, economic benefit is very remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural cultivation, particularly overlap wild cabbage 1 year two Ji Sishou cultivation method between garlic between set course glutinous sweet corn, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage.
Background technology
The Province of mountain region that Guizhou belongs to typically " eight mountain one water one point of fields ", the little and fragmentary dispersion of arable area, soil are barren, promote scale, mechanization, modernization, industrialization difficulty comparatively large, therefore agriculture per unit area yield and production efficiency low, farmers' income is lower.Counties and cities' majorities such as Dafang County, Guizhou Province, Nayong County, Fuquan City, Huishui County are areas where people of the minority nationalities live in compact communities, these poverty-stricken area agricultural tradition cropping patterns are nonocultures of waxy corn, garlic, wild cabbage, Chinese cabbage etc. for a long time, per mu yield is 1000 respectively, 700,4300, about 5000kg, per mu yield value only has 2000,2800,3500,3000 yuan respectively.How in unit are, to adjust pattern of farming, take intercropping and interplanting or more than a year season vegetables high-efficient planting patterns, increase cropping index, improve land utilization rate as much as possible, become one, Guizhou problem demanding prompt solution.
In the prior art, there is the pattern of some grain dish interplantings, such as immediate Hexi prefecture garlic, corn, wild cabbage three batches of nixed planting with the present invention, can the every mu of results head of garlic 600 ~ 700kg, the output value 1400 yuan, garlic shoot 550 ~ 650kg, the output value 1500 yuan, corn 500kg, the output value 400 yuan.Wild cabbage 1500kg, the output value 750 yuan, adds up to 4150 yuan, and removing cost 800 yuan, net income 3250 yuan, increases income 2000 yuan than traditional nonoculture planting patterns.Garlic was sowed in early or mid October, was a band by 100 ~ ll0cm, spacing in the rows l0 ~ 15cm, line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm, planted 5 ~ 6 row.Belt distance (corn accounts for band) 60cm.Corn was sowed in early April, at interband kind 2 row corn, and line-spacing 30 ~ 40cm, spacing in the rows 20 ~ 25cm.After the first tenday period of a month in May, garlic was gathered in the crops, garlic stubble is sowed autumn in summer wild cabbage, late September gathers in the crops.Garlic selects Beijing purple garlic, and Yuyu No.22 selected by corn, wild cabbage select in sweet No. 16, sweet No. 1 of capital etc.The corn of this pattern is the interband of 60cm kind between garlic band and garlic be withs, and wild cabbage is that kind is brought in garlic after garlic results, and corn gather after interband soil be idle, fail to make full use of.And corn early April just sow, belong to the cultivation of positive season, economic benefit is not as spring precocious off-season cultivation, and corn variety Yuyu No.22 is Common corn hybrid, and the output value is also not as dish glutinous (sweet) corn.1 year 2 season 3 of this type genus receive, and have good results, but the gross output value received pattern not as good as 1 year 2 season 4.
" spring corn cover garlic " pattern of Chen Jinwei report, 600 kilograms, general per mu yield garlic, corn 500 kilograms, receipts 500 ~ 800 yuan more than sole maize mu.Garlic can be sowed daily mean temperature more than 3 DEG C, and corn is generally sowed by the end of April, at the beginning of 5 months.132 centimetre of one band, often plant garlic 3 row, corn 2 row in band, garlic line-spacing 20 centimetres, Row spacing of maize 40 centimetres, the line-spacing of garlic and corn is 26 centimetres.Garlic seed level 2 ~ 3 centimetres, spacing in the rows 10 ~ 12 centimetres; Corn plants distance 27 ~ 30 centimetres, about every mu of 3700 strains.Garlic selects purple garlic, and No. 2, Yedan No.13, middle list selected by corn.This pattern be one season two receipts, corn and garlic harvest just no longer plants the vegetables second season, and the gross output value is not high enough; And corn selects Yedan No.13, No. 2, middle list, No. two, wine list to be all general cross kinds, be not as high by the output value of glutinous (sweet) corn as dish.
" spring wild cabbage-corn-garlic efficient between overlap cultivation mode " is promoted in the Chuan Yuan irrigated area that Li Junping is reported in plantation spring corn, spring wild cabbage starts nursery in January 15 December 25 to next year, March 20 to field planting on April 10, listing of gathering successively May 20 to June 10.Corn carried out program request April 20 to May 10, harvest time same field corn.Garlic mid-August, next year, May, the first tenday period of a month started garlic stems of gathering in corn evenly program request in the ranks, and late May gathers the head of garlic.Adopt 130cm broadband type, carry out wide-and narrow-row plastic mulching, narrow row is apart from 50cm, wide line-spacing (blanking bar) 70cm, and arrowband plastic mulching, field planting wild cabbage on film, mulch film planted on two sides corn, plants garlic in broadband.Wild cabbage spacing in the rows 25 ~ 27cm, narrow row distance 50cm, every mu of 4200 ~ 4400 strains.Program request is carried out, every mu of 2800 ~ 3200 strains in the middle of corn two in mulch film both sides wild cabbages.Garlic is planted between the blanking bar of corn, and 4 row planted by each blanking bar, seeding row spacing 15 × 15cm, about every mu of 30000 strains.Wild cabbage in selecting sweet No. l1,8398; No. 10, Henan jade 22, Shen Dan selected by corn; Garlic selects white skin garlic.This pattern reality on the wide row open country of 70cm be 1 year 1 season garlic, mid-August is sowed, garlic stems of gathering the first tenday period of a month in May, and late May receives the head of garlic, but is idle to early August soil by the end of May; 50cm narrow row adopting mulch film wild cabbage overlap the pattern of corn, is namely wild cabbage interplanting corns in mulch film both sides, program request corns in the middle of two wild cabbages; Late March is to early April field planting wild cabbage, late May gathered to early June, the first tenday period of a month in late April to May seeding corn, early August gathers, the zone of mulch film both sides wild cabbage interplanting corn in mid-March late August to next year soil be also idle, fail to make full use of.And No. 10, Henan jade 22, Shen Dan selected by corn, be all Common corn hybrid, the output value is not as the dish height of glutinous (sweet) corn.
Jiangsu Rudong county " garlic-white waxy corn-wax gourd interplant Efficient Cultivation pattern ", average yield per mu garlic sprouts 2000kg, the output value 4000 yuan; Head of garlic 350kg, the output value 1400 yuan; Garlic stems 100kg, the output value 250 yuan; White waxy corn Chinese olive fringe 400 ~ 450kg, the output value 800 ~ 1000 yuan; Wax gourd 5500kg, the output value 2500 yuan.Average every per mu yield is worth more than 9000 yuan.The garlic sprouts that early and middle ten days sowing in September 133cm is wide, distance between rows and hills 6.7cm × 6.7cm, mid or late September plants 6 row garlics in the sown scope of 200cm, distance between rows and hills 36cm × (8 ~ 8.5) cm, and mu plants 22000 ~ 20000 strains.Garlic sprouts listing in 2 ~ March of next year.Do ridge in the empty width of late March after garlic sprouts results, 50cm place sowing 1 row waxy corn under reserved wax gourd row, cave distance 18 ~ 20em, about every mu of 2000 strains.Late April transplants 1 row wax gourd between two parties, spacing in the rows 75cm, and mu plants 240 ~ 300 strains.Early, garlic selects granary white garlic to garlic sprouts variety adoption sclerophyll two water, and wax gourd selects Guangdong casting skin wax gourd, and corn selects Suyunuo No.1 or capital section glutinous 2000.This kind of pattern on 200cm broadband be also 1 year 1 season garlic, 133cm arrowband is taked " garlic sprouts-wax gourd cover waxy corn " pattern that 2 seasons 3 received in a year, and the first season is garlic sprouts seedling, and the second season is wax gourd interplanting waxy corn.Plant vegetables with waxy corn with garlic cover first season of the present invention, 1 year two Ji Sishou Efficient Cultivation pattern of overlapping wild cabbage after garlic and corn are gathered between second batch of kind summer Autumn Chinese cabbage are completely different.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides between a kind of garlic and overlap wild cabbage 1 year two Ji Sishou efficient cultivation method between set course glutinous (sweet) corn, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage, in the present invention due to two season vegetables all adopt intercropping and interplanting pattern, gather in the crops four kinds of vegetables, reach the effect of " a year two Ji Sishou, three anti-season ", thus obtain higher economic benefit.
The present invention is achieved in that
(1) the crops for rotation phase arranges:
The first season, cover early cooked food glutinous (sweet) corn between garlic: [garlic] early or mid October is sowed, garlic stems of gathering the first tenday period of a month in May, head of garlic listing in June; Sowing at the beginning of [dish glutinous (sweet) corn] mid-February to 3 month, early June, fresh corn can go on the market;
The second season, overlap wild cabbage between summer Autumn Chinese cabbage: [Chinese cabbage] late May is seeding and seedling raising extremely by the end of July, late June, late July went on the market to early October in batches to field planting by the end of August; [wild cabbage] the first tenday period of a month in May were sowed to early July, and mid-June, mid or late August, to going on the market by the end of October in batches, seized market in dull season autumn in summer to field planting mid-August;
(2) interplanting method of science is adopted,
The first season, garlic cover planted vegetables with glutinous (sweet) corn: 1m opens railway carriage or compartment, live garlic in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, pearl is apart from 15cm, line-spacing 20cm, plant 3 row, plant about 23000 strains for every mu, glutinous (sweet) corn is planted in both sides, face, railway carriage or compartment, and cave is apart from 30cm, line-spacing 80cm, every railway carriage or compartment kind 2 row, plants about 3300 strains for every mu, corn capable with garlic at a distance of 20cm;
Wild cabbage is overlapped: site preparation and fertilization after garlic and harvest corn between the second last month of summer Autumn Chinese cabbage, wild cabbage is colonizated in both sides, face, railway carriage or compartment, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 90cm, plant about 3300 strains for every mu, Chinese cabbage is colonizated in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, plants 2 row, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 30cm, plant about 3300 strains for every mu, wild cabbage and Chinese cabbage row are at a distance of 30cm, and wrong nest cultivates (see schematic diagram);
(3) suitable improved seeds are selected,
The first season precocious garlic select the peaceful garlic of Garlic, prestige, two water early, become the kinds such as garlic morning; The dish waxy corn of interplanting select glutinous corn variety that quality better, Resistant, output are high as: Guinuo 7, Qiannuo 768, Guizhou Province are glutinous 668, Guizhou Province glutinous 868, and sweet corn has super sweet 2000, city beauty etc.;
Second the last month of summer Autumn Chinese cabbage select the kind of heat-resisting, Resistant as No. 1, emerging Yunnan, No. 2, emerging Yunnan, high resistance king-2, autumn in summer king etc.; Autumn in the summer wild cabbage of interplanting selects heat-resisting, high yield, resistance kind, as: sweet No. 6 of Guizhou Province, summer king, Xia Guang etc.;
(4) cultivation method:
Garlic:
1. plough, open railway carriage or compartment: plough and deeply reach 20 ~ 25 centimetres, harrow after ploughing carefully, rake, before ploughing, execute high-quality barnyard manure about 4000 kilograms for every mu, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15) 70 kilograms, potassium sulfate 20 kilograms, open 100 centimetres, railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30 centimetres, furrow are high 8 ~ 12 centimetres;
2. science sowing: the selected head of garlic, pulls sowing out after steeping 24 hours, ditch dark 5 ~ 6 centimetres during sowing by 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of immersion, and blinding 3 ~ 4 centimetres after cultivation garlic clove, waters permeable, spray a weed killer herbicide;
3. field management: [urging seed manure]: after garlic tidy seedlings output, executes 1 light night soil and carries seedling; [Sheng fleshes up]: sow after 60 ~ 80 days, heavy dressing is become thoroughly decomposed for 1 time people's animal manure every mu 20 ~ 30 load, adds sulphur ammonium 10kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 5kg; [pregnant a kind of sedge is fertile]: plant the rotten imperial mother of garlic, sealing fertilizer 10 ~ 15kg; [head of garlic expand fertilizer]: when the head of garlic expands, mu executes nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 5 ~ 10kg; [extermination of disease and insect pest]: the damage by disease and insect such as attention control gray mold, leaf blight, purple spot, garlic maggot, thrips; [results]: when garlic stems crotch is large scale hook-type, gather in the crops garlic stems when leaf sheath having 4 ~ 6 centimetres become micro-yellow, within after generally adopting a kind of sedge about 18 days, gather in the crops the head of garlic;
Dish glutinous (sweet) corn:
1. sow: live in both sides, face, railway carriage or compartment, cave distance 30cm, every bunch planting kind 2;
2. field management: is early execute to carry seed manure, transplant latter 5 days every mu execute the liquid dung (or natural pond liquid) clearly that becomes thoroughly decomposed and add urea 4-5kg, to promote the growth of root system; Two is execute strong stalk fertilizer ingeniously, and during corn 5-7 sheet leaf, mu is executed compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15kg and added urea 5kg; Three is that granulated fertilizer is strengthened in heavy dressing, 3-4 days, mu sealing fertilizer 20-25kg after corn heading, significantly can increase corn list bud heavy; The damage by disease and insect such as attention control leaf blight, helminthosporium maydis, smut, corn borer, black cutworm;
Summer Autumn Chinese cabbage:
1. seeding and seedling raising: live or nursery, notice that scaffolding shelters from heat or light moisturizing, live every nest sows about 10, lid fine earth 1 ~ 2cm, timely even seedling after emerging, final singling during 5 ~ 6 true leaves, retains seedlings and strong sprout; Field planting is got final product during 4 ~ 5 true leaves of nursery;
2. field management: after field planting survives, execute the light dung polluted water water extraction seedling that once becomes thoroughly decomposed, rosette stage executes a urea or composite fertilizer, heading stage imposes composite fertilizer or urea 1-2 time depending on plant growing way, suitable increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, the damage by disease and insect such as attention control downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, aphid, Oeobia undalis, diamond-back moth, cabbage caterpillar;
Autumn in summer wild cabbage:
1. seeding and seedling raising: adopt Nutrition Soil nursery, also floatability nursery; The formula of Nutrition Soil is 6 parts of field soil, 4 parts of farmyard manures become thoroughly decomposed, and every cubic metre of Nutrition Soil adds 1kg composite fertilizer, 80g carbendazim, 100g phoxim, mixes thoroughly and carries out Nutritive cube sterilization, after planting earthing, lid sunshade net;
2. field planting: when having 5 ~ 6 true leaves, the lower westerly zone soil field planting of choosing cloudy day, waters normal root water immediately;
3. field management: the every mu of urea 20kg that spreads manuer in holes, the granular fertile 100kg of ferment bacterium after field planting survival; Rosette stage chases after once again; Heading stage imposes composite fertilizer or urea 1-2 time according to plant growing way, and with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution foliage-spray 2 times; The damage by disease and insect such as attention control downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamond-back moth;
Patent two season vegetables of the present invention all adopt intercropping and interplanting pattern, and early cooked food glutinous (sweet) corn, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage, autumn in summer wild cabbage three kinds of vegetables are off-season cultivation, light and the listing in dull season autumn in summer respectively at the spring, reach the effect of " a year two Ji Sishou, three anti-season ", remarkable in economical benefits.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the two Ji Sishou efficient cultivation methods that " overlap wild cabbage between set course glutinous (sweet) corn, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage between garlic ", its mid-early maturity dish glutinous (sweet) corn, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage, autumn in summer wild cabbage three kinds of crops are vegetables in improper season, crops for rotation phases due to reasonable arrangement, take the interplanting method of science, improve Mode of sowing and seedling propagation, have selected adapted varieties, dish glutinous (sweet) corn can be gone on the market in the dull season of waxy corn, Chinese cabbage, wild cabbage can get the jump on listing in dull season autumn in summer, change the listing phase of tradition plantation, make economical, societal benefits all very remarkable.
(2) interplant is for theoretical foundation with marginal effect, photosynthetic effect, dense planting effect, Different Crop is carried out in same piece of land the mode of planting with certain line number, amplitude, band shape, the state of supply effectively can utilize sunlight-heat reaources, extending plant growth sequential, improve field carbonic acid gas, artificially set up optimum population structure, improve photosynthetic effect, reach high yield synergy object.In the present invention due to two season vegetables all adopt intercropping and interplanting pattern, the first season is set course glutinous (sweet) corn between garlic, and corn is long-stalked crop, can not fight for space, also can be garlic and play effect of sheltering from heat or light with the garlic of short bar; The second season overlaps wild cabbage between summer Autumn Chinese cabbage, and Chinese cabbage only has about 70 days breeding time, wild cabbage about 100 days, and Chinese cabbage shifts to an earlier date 1 month and gathers, and do not affect wild cabbage balling output.The pattern year per mu yield value of this twice interplanting in year can reach 13300 yuan, than produce at present only carry out one season garlic interplanting corn pattern per mu yield be worth 3600 yuan and increase income 9700 yuan, increase income respectively 10500 yuan, 11300 yuan, 10300 yuan, 9800 yuan (see table 1) than traditional mode garlic nonoculture 2800 yuan, waxy corn nonoculture 2000 yuan, positive season Chinese cabbage nonoculture 3000 yuan and wild cabbage nonoculture 3500 yuan.
(3) go on the market June due to garlic the first season, neither affect dish glutinous (sweet) corn growth of interplanting, bloom, result and output thereof, and glutinous (sweet) corn date of seeding, is ahead of time to sowing at the beginning of mid-February to 3 month, early June gathers, listing in 1 month is done sth. in advance than positive season waxy corn, economic benefit is higher, and dish is higher, profitable than the standard hybridization corn output value with glutinous (sweet) corn.
(4) the summer Autumn Chinese cabbage of the second season and wild cabbage are in mid or late June to mid or late August field planting, go on the market, seize market in dull season in autumn vegetables summer mid-July to during by the end of October on the occasion of high temperature leaf vegetables dull season autumn in summer; Except supply local market, also can export trade coastal area and city, hot-zone.Due to China southeastern coastal areas and inland " stove " city, summer and autumn is hot and humid, leaf vegetables undergrowth, damage by disease and insect is serious, not only increase production cost, and residue of pesticide easily exceed standard, become the leaf vegetables supply dull season that nationwide happiness is cool June to October.Therefore, this technology utilizes the Cold and cool climate advantage of Guizhou Plateau, and adopt efficient nixed planting to develop off-season no pollution cabbage and Chinese cabbage, economic results in society are higher, market prospects and application prospect better.
(5) in former technology, never overlap wild cabbage by between glutinous (sweet) corn of set course between garlic, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage both at home and abroad, four kinds of crops are assembled in same year cultivation, form the efficient growing vegetables pattern of 1 year two Ji Sishou, three anti-season.
Note: drop into and comprise seed, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, artificial etc.
1, garlic: the head of garlic: output 400 kilograms, wholesale price 4 yuan/kilogram, the output value 1600 yuan/mu.Drop into 1990 yuan: seed 400(200 pound/acre * 2 yuan/jin), fertilizer 200, agricultural chemicals 60,
Artificial 980 yuan (plant 4 works, open railway carriage or compartment, management 5 works, 5 works of gathering add up to 14 works, by 70 yuan/work), garlic stems artificial 5 350 yuan.Garlic stems: output 300 kilograms, wholesale price 4 yuan/kilogram, the output value 1200,
2, dish glutinous (sweet) corn: output 1000 kilograms, wholesale price 2 yuan/kilogram, drops into 1050 yuan of (seed 100, fertilizer 200, agricultural chemicals 50, artificial 700 yuan (sow 1 work, open railway carriage or compartment, management 5 works, 4 works of gathering add up to 10 works).
3, Chinese cabbage: output 5000 kilograms, summer autumn cabbage wholesale price 1 yuan/kilogram, positive season Chinese cabbage 0.6 yuan/kilogram, drop into 1230 yuan of (seed 30, fertilizer 300, agricultural chemicals 60, artificial 840 yuan (nursery 2 works are opened railway carriage or compartment, field planting, management 5 works, 5 works of gathering are added up to 12 works).
4, wild cabbage: output 4300 kilograms, drops into 1600(seed 60, fertilizer 300, agricultural chemicals 80, artificial 910 yuan (nursery 2 works are opened railway carriage or compartment, field planting, management 6 works, 5 works of gathering are added up to 13 works).
The present invention and immediate prior art be Hexi prefecture " garlic, corn, wild cabbage three batches of nixed planting " 1., ②Min He county " full mulched maize interplanting garlic " pattern, 3. Chuan Yuan irrigated area " spring wild cabbage-corn-garlic efficient between overlap cultivation mode " is compared, and has following difference:
(1) planting crops for rotation arranges different, causes output, the output value completely different.
1. Hexi prefecture garlic, corn, wild cabbage three batches of nixed planting: corn was sowed in early April, and August gathers, belong to the cultivation of positive season, and economic benefit is not so good as spring precocious off-season cultivation, corn per mu yield 500 kilograms, the output value 400 yuan; And corn gather after soil be idle, do not connect succession crop.Garlic is sowed at early March, the first tenday period of a month in May garlic results after, garlic stubble is sowed autumn in summer wild cabbage, late September gather in the crops.1 year 2 season 3 of this type genus receive, the every mu of results head of garlic 600 ~ 700kg, the output value 1400 yuan, garlic shoot 550 ~ 650kg, the output value 1500 yuan; Corn 500kg, the output value 400 yuan; Wild cabbage 1500kg, the output value 750 yuan, annual total 4150 yuan, removing cost 800 yuan, net income only 3250 yuan.
2. the old pattern entering to tie up the spring corn cover garlic of report: corn is in sowing at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April, and October gathers in the crops, and belongs to and cultivating in positive season, per mu yield 500kg, per mu yield value only 800 yuan; Garlic is received about August, per mu yield 600kg, the output value 500 ~ 800 yuan.1 year 1 season 2 of this type genus receives, and corn and garlic harvest just no longer plants the vegetables second season, gross annual output value 1300 ~ 1600 yuan.
3. Chuan Yuan irrigated area " spring wild cabbage-corn-garlic efficient between overlap cultivation mode ": corn, in sowing on April 20 to May 10, starts to receive mid-August, belongs to the cultivation of positive season, per mu yield value only 800 yuan; Sowing garlic mid-August, next year, May, the first tenday period of a month started garlic stems of gathering, and late May gathers the head of garlic, and per mu yield is worth 9000 yuan, and were idle to early August soil by the end of May; Spring wild cabbage starts nursery in January 15 December 25 to next year, March 20 is to field planting on April 10, to gather successively May 20 to June 10 listing, per mu yield 4000 kilograms, per mu yield is worth 3200 yuan, the zone of wild cabbage interplanting corn in mid-March late August to next year soil be also idle, fail to make full use of.Annual per mu yield is worth 13000 yuan.
4. planting technology of the present invention: the garlic early March sowing first season, garlic stems of gathering the first tenday period of a month in May, per mu yield 300kg, head of garlic listing in June, per mu yield 400kg, adds up to per mu yield 700kg, the output value 2800 yuan; Glutinous (sweet) corn in advance sowing at the beginning of mid-February to 3 month of the dish of interplanting, early June, fresh corn can go on the market, per mu yield 1000kg, and per mu yield is worth 2000 yuan; The second season, off-season Chinese cabbage was in late May seeding and seedling raising extremely by the end of July, and late June, late July to early October went on the market on the occasion of Xia Qiuye dish dull season in batches, per mu yield 5000kg, and per mu yield is worth 5000 yuan to field planting by the end of August; Off-season wild cabbage is sowed to early July the first tenday period of a month in May, and mid-June, mid or late August, per mu yield 4300kg, per mu yield was worth 3500 yuan to listing in dull season autumn in summer by the end of October to field planting mid-August.Annual four kinds of vegetables per mu yields are worth 13300 yuan, removing cost 5620 yuan, mu net income 7680 yuan.
(2) vegetable species of interplanting and interplanting mode difference, then economic benefit difference is larger.
1. Hexi prefecture garlic, corn, wild cabbage three batches of nixed planting: this pattern received in 1 year 2 season 3, the first season is garlic cover corn, on the vacant lot of interplanting corn 60cm between garlic band and garlic are with, is the interplanting between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment; The second season is wild cabbage, only plants on the face, railway carriage or compartment after garlic results, corn gather after idle land, continuous kind of a succession crop.Garlic, corn, the annual per mu yield value of wild cabbage are only 4150 yuan.
2. the old pattern entering to tie up the mulched maize interplanting garlic of report: 132 centimetre of one band, often plant garlic 3 row, corn 2 row in band, garlic line-spacing 20 centimetres, Row spacing of maize 40 centimetres, the line-spacing of garlic and corn is 26 centimetres.Garlic spacing in the rows 10 ~ 12 centimetres; Corn plants distance 27 ~ 30 centimetres, about every mu of 3700 strains.Only have corn and garlic 2 kinds of vegetables the whole year, 600 kilograms, per mu yield garlic, corn 500 kilograms, only receipts 500 ~ 800 yuan more than sole maize mu.
3. Chuan Yuan irrigated area " spring wild cabbage-corn-garlic efficient between overlap cultivation mode ": adopt 130cm broadband type, carries out wide-narrow row planting, and narrow row is apart from 50cm, wide line-spacing (blanking bar) 70cm; Narrow row adopting mulch film wild cabbage overlap the pattern of corn, is namely wild cabbage interplanting corns in mulch film both sides, wild cabbage spacing in the rows 25 ~ 27cm, narrow row apart from 50cm, every mu of 4200 ~ 4400 strains; Program request corn in the middle of two wild cabbages, the strain of every mu of corn 2800-3200; Wide line space band is garlic, plants 4 row, seeding row spacing 15cmx15cm, about every mu of 30000 strains.Annual 3 kinds of vegetables per mu yield values add up to 13000 yuan.
4. the technology of the present invention, the first season, garlic cover planted vegetables with glutinous (sweet) corn: open 1 meter, railway carriage or compartment, live garlic between railway carriage or compartment, pearl line-spacing 15 × 20cm, plants 3 row; Glutinous (sweet) corn is planted in both sides, face, railway carriage or compartment, corn capable with garlic at a distance of 20cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing 80cm.Wild cabbage is overlapped: wild cabbage is colonizated in both sides, face, railway carriage or compartment, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 90cm between the second last month of summer Autumn Chinese cabbage; Chinese cabbage is colonizated in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, plants 2 row, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 30cm, and wild cabbage and Chinese cabbage row are at a distance of 30cm, and wrong nest is cultivated.Two season vegetables be all carry out intercropping and interplanting in railway carriage or compartment, all different from the interplanting mode of prior art, annual 4 kinds of total per mu yield values of vegetables reach 13300 yuan, net income 7680 yuan.
(3) vegetable variety of interplanting is different, and economic benefit is also different.
In existing several technology, garlic selects Beijing purple garlic, white skin garlic respectively, wild cabbage in selecting sweet No. 16, sweet No. 1 of capital, in sweet No. l1,8398 etc., corn selects Yuyu No.22, No. two, wine list, No. 10, Shen Dan, corn variety is Common corn hybrid, per mu yield is generally 500kg, and per mu yield value is only 800 yuan.In the technology of the present invention garlic select precocity, adaptable Garlic, the peaceful garlic of prestige, two water early, become the kinds such as garlic morning; Summer Autumn Chinese cabbage selects the kind of heat-resisting, moisture-proof, Resistant as high resistance king-2, autumn in summer king etc., per mu yield 5000kg, the output value 5000 yuan; Autumn in summer wild cabbage selects the kind of heat-resisting, high yield, resistance as sweet No. 6 of Guizhou Province, summer king, Xia Guang etc., per mu yield 4300kg, the output value 3500 yuan; Dish glutinous (sweet) corn selects that Guinuo 7, Qiannuo 768, Guizhou Province are glutinous 668, Guizhou Province is glutinous 868, super sweet 2000, city beauty etc., these dishes are the fresh and tender fruit ear eaten as vegetables with glutinous (sweet) corn, instead of ripe hard seed, its seed of dish waxy corn glues soft delicate fragrance, skin is thin without slag, Dissolve things inside is many, containing abundanter nutriment and better palatability, easily digest and assimilate, therefore the market price is about 2 times of conventional corn, add and take precocious anti-season high-yield culturing, per mu yield reaches 1000kg, and per mu yield is worth 2000 yuan.
Figure of description: Fig. 1 is " overlapping wild cabbage between set course glutinous (sweet) corn, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage between garlic " cropping pattern schematic diagram.
Embodiment,
Embodiments of the invention:
The provincial Stereoscopic weather in Guizhou, has multiple climate type in a border of the county, and suitable vegetables are season plantation and intercropping and interplanting more than a year.Guizhou Horticultural Research Institute carries out garlic, dish glutinous (sweet) corn, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage, the four kinds of Different Crop interplantings of autumn in summer wild cabbage, multiple cropping crops for rotation linking test in 2011 to 2012 Dafang County in 1200 ~ 1800m high altitude localities, Guizhou Province, Nayong County and the Huishui County of 900 ~ 1100m intermediate altitude, 8 villages (towns)s of Fuquan City; Different Sowing Dates, setting date, the research of different Mode of sowing and seedling propagation; Carry out more than 30 Introduced Cultivars test; Carry out overlapping between garlic the test such as difference interplanting mode, interplanting time, cover plant number of overlapping wild cabbage between glutinous (sweet) corn, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage.Research sums up " between garlic, set course overlaps wild cabbage with between glutinous (sweet) corn-summer Autumn Chinese cabbage " two Ji Sishou high-efficient planting patterns.Within 2012 to 2013, at the demonstration of above-mentioned area, popularization more than 6400 mus, the gross output value about 8,510 ten thousand yuan, net income about 4,915 ten thousand yuan, obtains significant economic and social benefit.
Method is as follows:
(1) the crops for rotation phase arranges:
The first season, cover early cooked food glutinous (sweet) corn between garlic: [garlic] early or mid October is sowed, garlic stems of gathering the first tenday period of a month in May, head of garlic listing in June; Sowing at the beginning of [dish glutinous (sweet) corn] mid-February to 3 month, early June, fresh corn can go on the market;
The second season, overlap wild cabbage between summer Autumn Chinese cabbage: [Chinese cabbage] late May is seeding and seedling raising extremely by the end of July, late June, late July went on the market to early October in batches to field planting by the end of August; [wild cabbage] the first tenday period of a month in May were sowed to early July, and mid-June, mid or late August, to going on the market by the end of October in batches, seized market in dull season autumn in summer to field planting mid-August.
(2) interplanting method of science is adopted,
The first season, garlic cover planted vegetables with glutinous (sweet) corn: 1m opens railway carriage or compartment, live garlic in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, and pearl, apart from 15cm, line-spacing 20cm, plants 3 row, planted about 23000 strains for every mu.Glutinous (sweet) corn is planted in both sides, face, railway carriage or compartment, and cave is apart from 30cm, line-spacing 80cm, and every railway carriage or compartment kind 2 row, plants about 3300 strains for every mu.Corn capable with garlic at a distance of 20cm;
Overlap wild cabbage between the second last month of summer Autumn Chinese cabbage: site preparation and fertilization after garlic and harvest corn, wild cabbage is colonizated in both sides, face, railway carriage or compartment, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 90cm, plants about 3300 strains for every mu.Chinese cabbage is colonizated in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, plants 2 row, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 30cm, plants about 3300 strains for every mu.Wild cabbage and Chinese cabbage row are at a distance of 30cm, and (see figure 1) cultivated by wrong nest.
(3) suitable improved seeds are selected,
The first season precocious garlic select the peaceful garlic of Garlic, prestige, two water early, become the kinds such as garlic morning; The dish waxy corn of interplanting select glutinous corn variety that quality better, Resistant, output are high as: Guinuo 7, Qiannuo 768, Guizhou Province are glutinous 668, Guizhou Province glutinous 868, and sweet corn has super sweet 2000, city beauty etc.;
Second the last month of summer Autumn Chinese cabbage select the kind of heat-resisting, Resistant as No. 1, emerging Yunnan, No. 2, emerging Yunnan, high resistance king-2, autumn in summer king etc.; Autumn in the summer wild cabbage of interplanting selects heat-resisting, high yield, resistance kind, as: sweet No. 6 of Guizhou Province, summer king, Xia Guang etc.
(4) cultivation method:
Garlic:
1. plough, open railway carriage or compartment: plough and deeply reach 20 ~ 25 centimetres, harrow after ploughing carefully, rake.High-quality barnyard manure about 4000 kilograms is executed, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15) 70 kilograms, potassium sulfate 20 kilograms for every mu before ploughing.Open 100 centimetres, railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30 centimetres, furrow are high 8 ~ 12 centimetres
2. science sowing: the selected head of garlic, pulls sowing out after steeping 24 hours by 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of immersions.Ditch dark 5 ~ 6 centimetres during sowing, blinding 3 ~ 4 centimetres after cultivation garlic clove, waters permeable, sprays a weed killer herbicide.
3. field management: [urging seed manure]: after garlic tidy seedlings output, executes 1 light night soil and carries seedling; [Sheng fleshes up]: sow after 60 ~ 80 days, heavy dressing is become thoroughly decomposed for 1 time people's animal manure every mu 20 ~ 30 load, adds sulphur ammonium 10kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 5kg; [pregnant a kind of sedge is fertile]: plant the rotten imperial mother of garlic, sealing fertilizer 10 ~ 15kg; [head of garlic expand fertilizer]: when the head of garlic expands, mu executes nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 5 ~ 10kg; [extermination of disease and insect pest]: the damage by disease and insect such as attention control gray mold, leaf blight, purple spot, garlic maggot, thrips; [results]: when garlic stems crotch is large scale hook-type, gather in the crops garlic stems when leaf sheath having 4 ~ 6 centimetres become micro-yellow.Within after generally adopting a kind of sedge about 18 days, gather in the crops the head of garlic.
Dish glutinous (sweet) corn:
1. sow: live in both sides, face, railway carriage or compartment, cave distance 30cm, every bunch planting kind 2.
2. field management: is early execute to carry seed manure, transplant latter 5 days every mu execute the liquid dung (or natural pond liquid) clearly that becomes thoroughly decomposed and add urea 4-5kg, to promote the growth of root system; Two is execute strong stalk fertilizer ingeniously, and during corn 5-7 sheet leaf, mu is executed compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15kg and added urea 5kg; Three is that granulated fertilizer is strengthened in heavy dressing, 3-4 days, mu sealing fertilizer 20-25kg after corn heading, significantly can increase corn list bud heavy.The damage by disease and insect such as attention control leaf blight, helminthosporium maydis, smut, corn borer, black cutworm.
Summer Autumn Chinese cabbage:
1. seeding and seedling raising: live or nursery, notices that scaffolding shelters from heat or light moisturizing.Live every nest sows about 10, lid fine earth 1 ~ 2cm, timely even seedling after emerging, final singling during 5 ~ 6 true leaves, retains seedlings and strong sprout; Field planting is got final product during 4 ~ 5 true leaves of nursery.
2. field management: after field planting survives, executes the light dung polluted water water extraction seedling that once becomes thoroughly decomposed.Rosette stage executes a urea or composite fertilizer.Heading stage imposes composite fertilizer or urea 1-2 time depending on plant growing way, suitable increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.The damage by disease and insect such as attention control downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, aphid, Oeobia undalis, diamond-back moth, cabbage caterpillar.
Autumn in summer wild cabbage:
1. seeding and seedling raising: adopt Nutrition Soil nursery, also floatability nursery.The formula of Nutrition Soil is 6 parts of field soil, 4 parts of farmyard manures become thoroughly decomposed, and every cubic metre of Nutrition Soil adds 1kg composite fertilizer, 80g carbendazim, 100g phoxim, mixes thoroughly and carries out Nutritive cube sterilization.After planting earthing, lid sunshade net.
2. field planting: when having 5 ~ 6 true leaves, the lower westerly zone soil field planting of choosing cloudy day, waters normal root water in time.
3. field management: the every mu of urea 20kg that spreads manuer in holes, the granular fertile 100kg of ferment bacterium after field planting survival; Rosette stage chases after once again; Heading stage imposes composite fertilizer or urea 1-2 time according to plant growing way, and with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution foliage-spray 2 times.The damage by disease and insect such as attention control downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamond-back moth.
Claims (1)
1. overlap wild cabbage 1 year two Ji Sishou cultivation method between garlic between set course glutinous sweet corn, summer Autumn Chinese cabbage, it is characterized in that:
(1) the crops for rotation phase arranges:
The first season, set course glutinous sweet corn between garlic: garlic early or mid October is sowed, garlic stems of gathering the first tenday period of a month in May, head of garlic listing in June; Dish sowing at the beginning of glutinous sweet corn mid-February to 3 month, early June, fresh corn can go on the market;
The second season, overlap wild cabbage between summer Autumn Chinese cabbage: Chinese cabbage late May is seeding and seedling raising extremely by the end of July, late June, late July went on the market to early October in batches to field planting by the end of August; Wild cabbage is sowed to early July the first tenday period of a month in May, and mid-June, mid or late August was to going on the market by the end of October in batches to field planting mid-August;
Interplanting method
The first season, garlic cover planted vegetables with glutinous sweet corn: 1m opens railway carriage or compartment, live garlic in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, and pearl is apart from 15cm, line-spacing 20cm, plant 3 row, plant about 23000 strains for every mu, corn is planted in both sides, face, railway carriage or compartment, and cave is apart from 30cm, line-spacing 80cm, every railway carriage or compartment kind 2 row, plants about 3300 strains for every mu, corn capable with garlic at a distance of 20cm;
Wild cabbage is overlapped: site preparation and fertilization after garlic and harvest corn between the second last month of summer Autumn Chinese cabbage, wild cabbage is colonizated in both sides, face, railway carriage or compartment, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 90cm, plant 3300 strains for every mu, Chinese cabbage is colonizated in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, plants 2 row, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 30cm, plant 3300 strains for every mu, wild cabbage and Chinese cabbage row are at a distance of 30cm, and wrong nest is cultivated;
(3) suitable improved seeds are selected
The first season precocious garlic select the peaceful garlic of Garlic, prestige, two water early, become garlic early kind; The corn dish glutinous corn variety of selecting quality better, Resistant, output high of interplanting: Guinuo 7, Qiannuo 768, Guizhou Province are glutinous 668, Guizhou Province glutinous 868, Sweet corn variety has super sweet 2000, city beauty;
The Autumn Chinese cabbage selection of second last month of summer is heat-resisting, the kind of Resistant: No. 1, emerging Yunnan, No. 2, emerging Yunnan, high resistance king-2, autumn in summer king; Autumn in the summer wild cabbage of interplanting selects heat-resisting, high yield, resistance kind: sweet No. 6 of Guizhou Province, summer king, Xia Guang;
(4) cultivation method:
Garlic:
1. plough, open railway carriage or compartment: plough and deeply reach 20 ~ 25 centimetres, harrow after ploughing carefully, rake, execute high-quality barnyard manure 4000 kilograms for every mu before ploughing, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 70 kilograms, potassium sulfate 20 kilograms, open 100 centimetres, railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30 centimetres, and furrow are high 8 ~ 12 centimetres;
2. science sowing: the selected head of garlic, pulls sowing out after steeping 24 hours, ditch dark 5 ~ 6 centimetres during sowing by 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of immersion, and blinding 3 ~ 4 centimetres after cultivation garlic clove, waters permeable, spray a weed killer herbicide;
3. field management: after garlic tidy seedlings output, executes 1 light night soil and carries seedling; Sow after 60 ~ 80 days, heavy dressing is become thoroughly decomposed for 1 time people's animal manure every mu 20 ~ 30 load, adds sulphur ammonium 10kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 5kg; Plant the rotten imperial mother of garlic, sealing fertilizer 10 ~ 15kg; When the head of garlic expands, mu executes nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 5 ~ 10kg; Attention control gray mold, leaf blight, purple spot, garlic maggot, thrips damage by disease and insect;
Dish glutinous sweet corn:
1. sow: live in both sides, face, railway carriage or compartment, cave distance 30cm, every bunch planting kind 2;
2. field management: is early execute to carry seed manure, transplant latter 5 days every mu execute become thoroughly decomposed liquid dung or natural pond liquid clearly and add urea 4-5kg, to promote the growth of root system; Two is execute strong stalk fertilizer ingeniously, and during corn 5-7 sheet leaf, mu is executed compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15kg and added urea 5kg; Three is that granulated fertilizer is strengthened in heavy dressing, 3-4 days, mu sealing fertilizer 20-25kg after corn heading; Attention control leaf blight, helminthosporium maydis, smut, corn borer, black cutworm damage by disease and insect;
Summer Autumn Chinese cabbage:
1. seeding and seedling raising: live or nursery, moisturizing of sheltering from heat or light of puing up a shed, live every nest sows 10, lid fine earth 1 ~ 2cm, timely even seedling after emerging, final singling during 5 ~ 6 true leaves, retains seedlings and strong sprout; Field planting is got final product during 4 ~ 5 true leaves of nursery;
2. field management: after field planting survives, execute the light dung polluted water water extraction seedling that once becomes thoroughly decomposed, rosette stage executes a urea or composite fertilizer, heading stage imposes composite fertilizer or urea 1-2 time depending on plant growing way, suitable increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, attention control downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, aphid, Oeobia undalis, diamond-back moth, cabbage caterpillar damage by disease and insect;
Autumn in summer wild cabbage:
Seeding and seedling raising: adopt Nutrition Soil nursery, also floatability nursery; The formula of Nutrition Soil is 6 parts of field soil, 4 parts of farmyard manures become thoroughly decomposed, and every cubic metre of Nutrition Soil adds 1kg composite fertilizer, 80g carbendazim, 100g phoxim, mixes thoroughly and carries out Nutritive cube sterilization; After planting earthing, lid sunshade net;
Field planting: when having 5 ~ 6 true leaves, the lower westerly zone soil field planting of choosing cloudy day, waters normal root water in time;
3. field management: the every mu of urea 20kg that spreads manuer in holes, the granular fertile 100kg of ferment bacterium after field planting survival; Rosette stage chases after once again; Heading stage imposes composite fertilizer or urea 1-2 time according to plant growing way, and with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution foliage-spray 2 times; Attention control downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamond-back moth damage by disease and insect.
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| CN104838856A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-08-19 | 郑国福 | Method for conducting crop rotation of asparagus lettuce, waxy corn, cowpea and winter cabbage in annual-four-crop mode in Chongqing |
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