CN115843628A - Intercropping planting method for garlic, cotton and pepper - Google Patents
Intercropping planting method for garlic, cotton and pepper Download PDFInfo
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- CN115843628A CN115843628A CN202211645088.3A CN202211645088A CN115843628A CN 115843628 A CN115843628 A CN 115843628A CN 202211645088 A CN202211645088 A CN 202211645088A CN 115843628 A CN115843628 A CN 115843628A
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- garlic
- cotton
- pepper
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a garlic and cotton pepper intercropping planting method, and belongs to the technical field of crop intercropping mixed intercropping. The planting method comprises the following steps: sowing garlic in the middle ten days of 10 months, harvesting garlic in the middle and late ten days of 5 months in the next year, wherein the row spacing is 16-20 cm; interplanting 1 row of pepper seedlings in garlic every 3-4 rows in the last ten days of 4 months, and reserving cotton rows after interplanting 4-6 rows of pepper; and 3-4 rows of garlic are interplanted between the cotton and the hot pepper and between the 2 rows of cotton and 5-6 rows of garlic in the reserved rows from late 4 months to early 5 months. According to the invention, a reasonable intercropping structure is established through intercropping of garlic, cotton and pepper, the market risk and the natural disaster risk of the traditional intercropping of garlic and pepper are reduced, and the multiple cropping index, the land utilization efficiency, the light energy utilization efficiency, the crop quality, the crop yield and the ecological benefit are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intercropping mixed intercropping of crops, and particularly relates to an intercropping planting method of garlic, cotton and pepper.
Background
The cotton is an important economic crop in China, the ginned cotton is taken as the vast majority of natural fibers in the world and is irreplaceable production data in the modern textile industry, the cotton seed is a very important edible oil source in the world, and in addition, the cotton by-product has an important position in the industrial, agricultural and medical industries and is an important strategic material for the national civilization. In recent years, with the great increase of textile clothing export and the pulling of domestic consumption, the demand of cotton is continuously increased. Under the guidance of a macro policy of ensuring the grain area stability, the increase of the cotton yield by only increasing the cotton seed area is difficult to realize in China, and the land competition of grains and cotton is prominent. The innovation of the traditional cotton planting mode is an important technical way for breaking the dilemma of the current cotton industry.
Intercropping of cotton with other crops can often increase the yield and economic benefits of the intercropped crop without affecting the quality of the cotton. The cotton field planting mode is various, proper crop varieties are selected for field planting according to local actual conditions, and on the basis of fully utilizing natural conditions and resources, the field diversity is increased, so that the crop yield is higher and more stable, and the benefit is maximized.
Patent application CN201610652229.2 discloses a cultivation technique for interplanting garlic and sweet pepper, which can resist sweet pepper epidemic disease and improve the taste of sweet pepper; patent application CN201910847776.X discloses an interplanting method of cotton and garlic, which is beneficial to reducing the disease rate of the cotton and improving the yield of the cotton; patent application CN201610369766.6 discloses a high-efficiency three-stage planting method for garlic, pod pepper and corn, which solves the conflict of land contention between commercial crops and food crops. In the prior art, researches on intercropping modes of garlic, pepper and cotton are few, and how to establish a reasonable intercropping planting system of garlic, pepper and cotton can ensure the normal growth of the three crops and improve the yield and economic benefit of the crops, so that the technical problem to be solved is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a garlic-cotton pepper intercropping planting method, which improves multiple cropping indexes, land utilization efficiency, light energy utilization efficiency, crop quality, crop yield and ecological benefits by establishing a reasonable intercropping structure.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the intercropping planting method of garlic, cotton and pepper comprises the following steps:
sowing garlic in the middle ten days of 10 months, harvesting garlic in the middle and late ten days of 5 months in the next year, wherein the row spacing is 16-20 cm; interplanting 1 row of pepper seedlings in garlic every 3-4 rows in 4-month late ten days, and reserving cotton rows after interplanting 4-6 rows of pepper; and (3) interplanting 2 rows of cotton seedlings in the reserved rows from late 4 th to early 5 th of the month, wherein 3-4 rows of garlic are separated between the cotton and the hot pepper, and 5-6 rows of garlic are separated between 2 rows of cotton.
Preferably, the planting distance of the garlic is 12-18cm.
Preferably, the transplanting spacing of the pepper seedlings is 23-29cm.
Preferably, the spacing between the cotton seedling transplanting plants is 30-36cm.
Preferably, when the pepper is a big fruit type variety, 1 row of pepper seedlings is interplanted every 4 rows of garlic.
More preferably, when the pepper is a big fruit type variety, the fruit is ripe and harvested in one batch.
Preferably, when the capsicum is a small fruit type variety, 1 row of capsicum seedlings is interplanted every 3 rows of garlic.
More preferably, when the pepper is of a small fruit type variety, the whole pepper is pulled out and harvested in the last 9 th month.
Preferably, when the garlic is planted in the next crop, the cotton is pulled out in the last 10 th month; when wheat is planted in the later crops, the cotton is pulled out in 10 middle-month.
Preferably, the method also comprises the steps of fertilizer and water management, temperature management and pest and weed control in the growth period of the garlic, the pepper and the cotton.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a garlic, cotton and pepper intercropping planting method, which can fully utilize time, space, illumination, moisture, nutrients and land resources by ternary intercropping and interplanting of garlic, cotton and pepper, improve the multiple cropping index, the land utilization efficiency, the light energy utilization efficiency, the crop quality, the crop yield and the ecological benefit, reduce the income risk caused by market behavior change of the garlic and the pepper and the planting disaster risk caused by waterlogging (the pepper is intolerant to waterlogging), and is an important way for solving the conflict of land competition of grain and cotton, stabilizing cotton production, striving for three high harvests of garlic, cotton and pepper and increasing the economic income of farmers at present.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention relates to a mode diagram of intercropping planting of garlic, cotton and pepper.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a garlic, cotton and pepper intercropping planting method, which can improve multiple cropping index, land utilization efficiency, light energy utilization efficiency, crop quality, crop yield and ecological benefit and comprises the following steps: sowing garlic in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the row spacing is 16-20cm, the row spacing is further preferably 18cm, and harvesting in the middle and late ten days of 5 months in the next year; interplanting 1 row of pepper seedlings in garlic every 3-4 rows in the last ten days of 4 months, interplanting 4-6 rows of peppers, further preferably interplanting 5 rows of peppers, and reserving cotton rows; and 3, interplanting cotton seedlings with 2 rows in the reserved rows from late 4 months to early 5 months, spacing garlic 3-4 rows between the cotton and the pepper, spacing garlic 5-6 rows between the cotton rows of 2 rows, and further preferably spacing garlic 6 rows.
The invention preferably intercrops the garlic, the cotton and the pepper in the land with flat terrain, deep soil layer, convenient irrigation and drainage, and soil fertility more than the same. As an implementable way, the soil quality of the selected land should meet the regulations of GB 15618-2018.
The garlic is preferably a variety with variety characteristics, consistent color, hypertrophy, roundness, tidy garlic cloves, 5-7g of single garlic clove weight, moderate garlic clove quantity and hard, solid and fresh garlic cloves. As an implementation mode, the garlic variety is 'Jinxiang white skin' or 'Jinxiang red skin' selected by the invention.
The invention preferably selects the hot pepper as a high-yield, high-quality and stress-resistant variety. As an implementable way, the pepper seed quality should comply with the relevant regulation of GB 16715.3.
The invention preferably selects cotton as a hybrid cotton variety with early middle maturity, wide adaptability, large plant type, strong growth vigor and strong boll forming property, high yield, high quality and disease and insect resistance. As an implementable way, the quality of the cotton seeds should meet the relevant regulation of GB 4407.1.
The base fertilizer is preferably applied before garlic planting, and further preferably applied according to a soil nutrient condition by a soil testing formula and an organic and inorganic fertilizer in a matched manner, wherein the amount of the organic and inorganic fertilizer is 667m 2 Using high-quality organic fertilizer 3-5m 3 More preferably 4m 3 Or 300-500kg of high-quality commercial organic fertilizer, and more preferably 400kg; 10-12kg of pure N, more preferably 11kg; p 2 O 5 8-12kg, more preferably 10kg; k is 2 15-18kg of O, more preferably 16.5kg; 10-15kg of medium trace element fertilizer, and further preferably 12.5kg; 90-110kg of biological bacterial manure, and more preferably 100kg of biological bacterial manure.
According to the invention, soil preparation is carried out after harvesting the first crop; further preferably, deep ploughing and fine harrowing are carried out as early as possible, wherein the deep ploughing is 20-25cm, after ploughing, furrow drying is carried out properly, and then harrowing, harrowing and harrowing are carried out thoroughly to achieve upper loosening and lower compaction. As an implementation mode, the width of the ridge is 4.4m, the height of the ridge is 20cm, the width of the ridge is 40cm, the width of the ridge surface is 4m, and the ridge surface is flat.
According to the invention, the garlic seeds are preferably planted for 2-3d before sowing, so that dormancy is broken and the germination vigor is enhanced.
The garlic is sowed in the middle ten days of 10 months, and at the time, garlic seedlings can live through winter in open field, and the cold resistance of plants is strongest when the garlic seedlings are 5 leaves and one heart, the plant height is about 30cm and the root systems are about 40.
The invention adopts a ditching seeding method when seeding preferentially, the depth of the ditch is 5-6cm, the garlic cloves are vertically planted into the soil according to the plant-row spacing, the seeding depth (the distance from the top of the garlic cloves to the ground surface) is 1-2cm, and finally the soil is covered; further preferably, the garlic bud part is upward, uniform upward and irregular downward during sowing, and the belly-back connecting line of the garlic cloves is parallel to the direction of the sowing row, so as to reduce the overlapping of the leaves. As one possible embodiment, garlic is mechanically sown.
The preferred garlic plant spacing of the invention is 12-18cm, and the garlic plant spacing is adjusted according to variety characteristics, garlic seed size, soil fertility, cultivation mode and the like, and is further preferably 15cm. As an implementable mode, the seeding density is 25000 plants/667 m 2 。
According to the invention, garlic is preferably sown for 2-5 days, and then irrigation is carried out, namely 'seedling emergence water', and sufficient irrigation is carried out. Chemical weeding is carried out when the water is moderate in dryness and wetness after 2-3 days of irrigation, and each 667m of the weeding water is 2 200-250mL of 33% pendimethalin missible oil 200mL +25% oxadiazon missible oil or 667m in each case 2 200-250mL of 44% ethyl, ethoxy and dimethyl amyl missible oil 200mL +25% oxadiazon missible oil are mixed with 30-40kg of water, and the liquid medicine is uniformly sprayed on the ground surface. After the chemical weeding is preferably performed, the garlic is coated with the film. As an implementation mode, the mulching film is selected to be 0.01mm thick and 2m wide, and the mulching film is tensioned, flattened and pressed on two sides.
In the invention, the garlic sprouts are put when the garlic sprout emergence rate reaches 1/5-1/3 after sowing and watering are preferably carried out for 4-6 days; and further preferably, after the seedlings come out of the soil for 3-7 days, manually breaking the film and releasing the seedlings, wherein a small number of buds cannot eject out the mulching film.
The garlic is preferably selected in the invention, and fertilizer and water management and pest control are also included.
The invention further preferably manages the garlic fertilizer water by comprising the following steps: overwintering water: according to the soil moisture content and weather, watering the overwintering water before and after 11 months; turning green fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer in late ten months, selecting 0.5% urea diluent and 0.3% monopotassium phosphate diluent for foliar spraying, spraying for 5-7 days for one time, and continuously spraying for 3-4 times; "Zhuangmiao water" and "Strong seedling fertilizer ": in last ten days of 4 months, when the ground temperature is stabilized at 13-15 ℃, watering the seedlings once, and applying seedling-strengthening fertilizer with water every 667m 2 Flushing pure N5kg, K 2 O4kg; the moss hastening water and the moss hastening fertilizer are as follows: in late ten (4) months, 'urging moss water' is poured according to soil moisture content, and 'urging moss fertilizer' is applied along with water, every 667m 2 Flushing and applying pure N4kg, K 2 O6kg; "head water": in the last ten days of 5 months, after the garlic sprouts are harvested, watering at the initial stage of bulb expansion, namely 'promoting the head water', fully and fully watering, and spraying a foliar fertilizer on the land parcels which are premature senility and lack of fertilizer.
Further preferred pest control of the present invention comprises: and (3) controlling soil insects: adopts 70 percent phoxim 350-560mL/667m 2 25% malathion 750-1000mL/667m 2 Irrigating roots; and (3) seed fly control: at the end of 3 months, 80 percent of cyromazine emulsifiable solution 1000 times or 5 percent of high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable solution 800 times is added when the foliar fertilizer is sprayed; and (3) preventing and treating leaf blight: 1000 times of liquid of 50 percent iprodione wettable powder or 800 times of liquid of 70 percent thiophanate-methyl wettable powder can be selected for spraying for 5 to 7 days and continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times; leaf rust disease: the solution is sprayed once for 5 to 7 days and continuously for 2 to 3 times by using 18.7 percent of propiconazole-azoxystrobin 1500 times solution and 42.8 percent of fluoxastrobin-trifloxystrobin 1500 times solution.
The garlic sprouts are preferably harvested at the beginning of 5 months in the invention. As an embodiment, the garlic sprouts are artificially pulled out.
The garlic bulbs are preferably harvested 15-20 days after the garlic shoots are harvested. As an implementation mode, the garlic harvesting machine can not be exposed to burning sun after harvesting garlic, and people need to pay attention to rain prevention, moisture prevention and timely airing.
The invention intercrops the pepper seedlings among garlic lines, preferably 2 months to 3 months. When the pepper is preferably a big fruit type variety, 1 row of pepper seedlings are interplanted in garlic every 4 rows, punching single plants on the film are further preferably planted, and more preferably, one batch of ripe fruits is harvested; when the pepper is a small fruit type variety, 1 row of pepper seedlings are interplanted in every 3 rows of garlic, more preferably, the film is punched and the two plants are planted, and more preferably, the whole plant is pulled out and harvested in the last 9 months. As an implementation mode, the whole plant of the small fruit type hot pepper is pulled out at the bottom of 9 months, the small fruit type hot pepper is dried in the field for 2-3 days, at the moment, 500 times of carbendazim is sprayed once, when the small fruit type hot pepper is dried by being inversely dried for 7-8 days, the hot pepper is stacked with the head towards the inside and the root towards the outside and dried in the shade, and the hot pepper is removed at idle time. Preferably, the distance between the plants (holes) of the pepper young seedlings is 23-29cm, and more preferably 26cm. Preferably, the planting depth is 7-10cm.
The optimized hot pepper also comprises fertilizer and water management and pest control.
The invention further preferably selects the pepper fertilizer water management method which comprises the following steps:
after harvesting garlic, in 6 middle ten days, timely watering for promoting growth of water, each 667m 2 4-5kg of urea is applied along with water; after the ground is dried, cultivating and ridging the ridge, wherein the ridge height is 20cm; pinching the small fruit type pepper in 7-8 leaves; the plant height is 25cm, and the plant is prevented from lodging by controlling growth with 27.5% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate-mepiquat chloride in time before flowering. The temperature is high in 7-8 months, and the water is watered in the morning and evening on a small scale, so that the soil is kept moist; draining waterlogging in time when it is rainy, and watering with clear water in time after rain, and draining water along with watering. And (3) strengthening fertilizer and water management in the fruit expansion period, watering once in drought, alternately performing top dressing and watering, and dressing once quick-acting fertilizer after 1-2 times of watering with clear water.
Further preferred pepper pest control according to the present invention comprises:
and (3) preventing and treating virus diseases: 20% morganidine/cupric acetate 120-150g/667m 2 1.8% octyl bacteria amine hydrochloride aqueous solution 400-600 times of the aqueous solution for alternate prevention and treatment, spraying for 1 time every 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; and (3) epidemic disease prevention and control: 50% azoxystrobin water dispersible granule 20-36g/667m 2 50% dimethomorph water dispersible granule 43-53g/667m 2 687.5g/L Fluoromycete propamocarb 60-75mg/667m 2 The medicines are alternately prevented and treated, and are sprayed for 1 time every 7 days and continuously sprayed for 2-3 times; controlling anthracnose: after the pepper is set fruit, the pepper anthracnose is prevented and treated in time, and the 80 percent mancozeb wettable powder is 150-210g/667m 2 50% prochloraz manganese chloride wettable powder 37-74g/667m 2 110-150g/667m of 75% trifloxystrobin tebuconazole water dispersible granules 2 65-80g/667m of 10% difenoconazole wettable powder 2 The pesticide is alternately prevented and treated, sprayed for 1 time every 7 days and sprayed for 2-3 times continuously, and the prevention and treatment are emphasized before and after raining; and (3) preventing and treating sunscald: mainly occurs on the sunny side of the fruit, the suncured fruit is timely removed and deeply buried, organic calcium is sprayed on the leaf surface after the fruit is grown, and the organic calcium is sprayed for 1 time every 7 days and continuously sprayed for 2-3 times; and (3) aphids and bemisia tabaci are prevented and treated: the aphid can be selected from 10% cyantraniliprole suspension emulsion or 1.5% matrine soluble solution 30-40g/667m 2 Spraying for prevention and treatment; the bemisia tabaci can be 10% cyantraniliprole suspension emulsion or 1.5% matrine soluble solution 40-50g/667m 2 30-40mL/667m of 22% spirotetramat-thiacloprid suspending agent 2 50g/L of dicyclopropanetate dispersible agent 55-65mL/667m 2 The medicines are alternately used, and the medicines are continuously sprayed for 2-3 times after 7-10 days of prevention and treatment. In the period of pest control, serious plants are found and removed in time.
The method is characterized in that cotton seedlings are transplanted in a reserved row from late 4 th to early 5 th of month, the seedling is preferably grown in the late 4 th of month, 1-2 true leaves are preferably transplanted, cotyledons are complete, the leaves have no disease spots, the roots are many, the roots are dense, the roots are thick and strong, and the red stem ratio during transplanting reaches 70%. Further preferably, 10g of thiamethoxam with the concentration of 10-15m is sprayed with 10-15kg of water and 10-10 ml +70% of azoxystrobin with the concentration of 25% before 1-2d of transplanting 2 The seedbed can effectively prevent and control diseases and pests in the seedling stage.
The method preferably transplants the cotton seedlings after 3 pm in sunny days, all the days in cloudy days and forbids the cotton seedlings in rainy days, and the transplanting depth is 7-10cm. Preferably, the transplanting spacing is 30-36cm, and more preferably 33cm. As an implementation mode, single plant transplanting is carried out by digging holes or punching holes according to plant row spacing by using a pot making device, the diameter of the punched holes is 5-6cm, the punching depth is 10cm, the root systems of cotton seedlings are vertically buried in the soil, and the depth is suitable for the root systems to be still completely buried after watering.
After the transplanting is finished, the rest cotton seedlings are heeled in between the rows or the ground for the purpose of seedling supplement. Transplanting the temporary planted big seedlings with soil blocks of the same variety during the seedling replanting, and watering in time after the replanting.
The invention preferably selects cotton and also comprises fertilizer and water management, pruning, chemical control and pest control.
It is further preferred that the manure management comprises:
and (3) lightly fertilizing the seedling: after harvesting garlic, each 667m 2 Applying 4kg of urea, applying fertilizer 10-15cm away from cotton plants to promote early emergence of seedlings, intertilling, ridging and maintaining the soil, namely pine and grass in the cotton field clean, so as to improve the ground temperature, increase the air permeability of the soil and promote the early emergence of new roots; and (3) reapplying the flower bell fertilizer: the flowering period is 667m each 2 Applying 10-15kg of N-P-K (15-15-15) compound fertilizer; applying top dressing: in 8 last ten days, every 66 th day according to the land strength and the growth of cotton7m 2 15-20kg of 1-3% urea solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces; for clay-type cotton fields: harvesting garlic for 7-10 days, watering at intervals of furrows, building ridges in bud period (middle ten days of 6 months), combining intertillage and ridging, applying fertilizer once, 667m 2 Applying 40kg of 46% controlled release fertilizer N-P-K (19-9-18); irrigation and timely drainage of waterlogging according to needs: watering live plants in time after transplanting, watering survival water in a rush mode after harvesting garlic, watering in time if no effective rainfall exists for half a month continuously after the initial flowering period, and watering lightly with small water in the bud period; for the cotton field accumulated with water in rainy season, the accumulated water on the ground needs to be drained in time.
The invention preferably prunes cotton, comprising: removing leaf branches in time after the cotton buds in the first 6 th month, topping in the middle 7 th month, reserving 15-18 fruit branches, removing one leaf and one core, and finishing the threshing in the same cotton field as one time as possible.
The preferred cotton chemical control of the invention comprises: according to the growth condition and rainfall condition of cotton, the early bud period is 667m 2 Spraying 0.5-1g of 98% mepiquat chloride, and adding 20kg of water; full bud period 667m 2 Spraying 1-1.5g of 98% mepiquat chloride, and adding 20kg of water; full bloom stage 667m 2 Spraying 1.5-2g of 98% mepiquat chloride, and adding 30kg of water; 667m within 3 days after topping 2 Spraying 3-4g of mepiquat chloride, and adding 30kg of water.
Preferred cotton pest control of the present invention includes:
preventing and treating cotton seedling diseases: 250g/L pyraclostrobin missible oil 30-40mL/667m 2 1.5 percent polyoxin wettable powder is used for preventing and treating 75-150 times of liquid; preventing and treating cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt: 50-80mL/667m of 30% ethylicin emulsifiable solution for treating blight 2 1.8 percent of 300 times of octyl amine hydrochloride and 36 percent of trichloroisocyanuric acid wettable powder of 80-100mL/667m 2 Spraying for prevention and treatment; 80-100mL/667m of 36% trichloroisocyanuric acid wettable powder for verticillium wilt 2 And (4) spraying prevention and control.
Preventing and controlling cotton aphids, bemisia tabaci, cotton thrips and cotton plant bugs: 2-4g/667m of 50% sulfoxaflor water dispersible granule for cotton aphids 2 20-30mL/667m of 5% imidacloprid missible oil 2 (ii) a 10% cyantraniliprole dispersible oil suspending agent for bemisia tabaci 30-40mL/667m 2 10-13g/667m of 50% sulfoxaflor nitrile water dispersion granule 2 Spraying for prevention and treatment; 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule 11-15g/667m for cotton thrips 2 25g/L deltamethrin emulsifiable solution 20-40mL/667m 2 Spraying for prevention and treatment; 70-85g/667m of 45% malathion missible oil used for cotton plant bug 2 And 50% sulfoxaflor water dispersible granule 27-10g/667m 2 And (4) spraying prevention and control. The preparation is alternately used by spraying every 7-10 days for 2-3 times.
Preventing and treating cotton red spider: each 667m 2 The 1.8 percent of abamectin 2000-3000 times liquid and 15 percent of pyridaben emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times liquid are alternately used, and the spraying is carried out once every 7-10 days and is carried out for 2-3 times continuously.
Preventing and controlling cotton bollworms: 6% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 30-50mL/667m 2 8.8-17.5mL/667m of 1% emamectin benzoate missible oil 2 50g/L chlorfluazuron missible oil 100-140mL/667m 2 The preparation is alternately used by spraying every 7-10 days for 2-3 times.
The invention preferably picks cotton bolls 7-10 days after cracking, picks cotton bolls 7-10 days after cracking once, and the interval period is not more than half a month. As one possible embodiment, the "three threads" such as chemical fibers, hair, and different color fibers are prevented from being mixed in the picking process. In 8 months, in rainy days, cotton bolls with slightly yellow boll shells and beginning to appear black spots in the boll period of more than 40 days are picked up when the bolls are not rotten, dipped in 1% ethephon solution and then aired. The harvested seed cotton is subjected to separate collection, separate drying in the sun, separate storage and separate sale.
According to the invention, the garlic is planted in the next crop of cotton preferably, the suitable cotton stalk pulling time is ten days in October, and further preferably, the time is 10 months for 5 days to 10 days; preferably, the suitable time for pulling out the cotton stalks is in mid-october, and more preferably 10 months, 15 days to 18 days. More preferably green and late-maturing cotton field, 10d per 667m before pulling firewood 2 Spraying 300-500 times of 40% ethephon to accelerate ripening.
The invention preferably plants the garlic in the next crop, the garlic rows are staggered by 8-10cm, and the intercropping planting method of the garlic, cotton and pepper in the next crop is carried out.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The intercropping planting method of garlic, cotton and pepper comprises the following steps:
selecting garlic of 'Jinxiang white skin', sowing in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the row spacing is 18cm, and the plant spacing is 15cm; laminating garlic, wherein the thickness of the mulching film is 0.01mm, the width of the mulching film is 2m, and the mulching film is tensioned, flattened and tightly pressed on two sides;
selecting a small fruit type capsicum variety of 'litsea cubeba', carrying out seedling culture from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, interplanting 1 row of capsicum seedlings in garlic every 3 rows in the last ten days of 4 months, punching a film for double-plant planting, wherein the row distance of the capsicum seedlings is 54cm, the row distance of plants (holes) is 26cm, and reserving cotton rows after interplanting 5 rows of capsicum;
selecting 40' Shanghai cotton, growing seedlings in late 4 months, interplanting 2 rows of cotton seedlings in the reserved rows in late 5 months, spacing 3 rows of garlic between the cotton and the pepper, spacing 6 rows of garlic between the 2 rows of cotton, and keeping the plant spacing 33cm.
The intercropping planting method of garlic, cotton and pepper is formed as shown in figure 1.
Harvesting garlic sprouts at the beginning of 5 months of garlic, and harvesting garlic bulbs in the middle and last ten days of 5 months; the whole plant of the hot pepper is pulled out and collected in 9 late-month ten days; the firewood is pulled out from the cotton in 10 months and 5 days to 10 days.
According to a 3-point sampling method, the average row spacing per mu of cotton is 220cm, the average plant spacing is 33cm, the average harvesting density is 918.7 plants/mu, the number of finished bolls per mu is 30930.67, the boll weight is examined to be 6.1 g, the clothing fraction is 41.4 percent, the yield per mu of seed cotton is 160.4kg and the yield per mu of ginned cotton is 66.4kg according to the number 40 of planted variety Lu cotton. The average row spacing of the garlic is 18cm, the average plant spacing is 15cm, the average harvest density is 24693 pieces/mu, the average number of garlic heads in 5m double rows is 66.67 pieces, the average weight of the garlic heads in 5m double rows is 3.29kg, and the per mu yield of the garlic is 1220.4 kg/mu. The average row spacing of the peppers per mu is 88cm, the average plant spacing is 26cm, the average harvesting density is 2913.9 holes/mu, the average number of holes in the 5-meter double rows is 38.3 heads, the average dry weight of the peppers in the 5-meter double rows is 3.16kg, and the yield per mu of the peppers is 240 kg/mu.
The garlic yield per mu is 1220.4kg, and the economic benefit is converted into 4393.4 yuan/mu according to the calculation of 3.6 yuan/kg of the current market price; the yield of garlic sprouts is 300kg per mu, and the economic benefit is reduced to 900 yuan per mu according to the calculation of 3 yuan per kg of market price in the current year; the yield of cotton seeds per mu is 160.4kg, calculated according to the market price of 6 yuan/kg in the current year, and is converted into economic benefit 962.4 yuan/mu; the yield of the dry pepper is 240kg per mu, and the economic benefit is 3120 yuan per mu according to the current market price of 13 yuan per kg. The total output value is 9375.8 yuan/mu. The statistics of garlic, cotton and pepper yields are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 Garlic output statistical table
TABLE 2 statistical table of cotton yield
TABLE 3 statistical table of pepper yields
Example 2
The intercropping planting method of garlic, cotton and pepper comprises the following steps:
selecting garlic with 'Jinxiang red skin', sowing in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the row spacing is 16cm, and the plant spacing is 18cm; laminating garlic, wherein the thickness of the mulching film is 0.01mm, the width of the mulching film is 2m, and the mulching film is tensioned, flattened and tightly pressed on two sides;
selecting a Yu craft 818 large fruit type pepper variety, performing seedling culture from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, interplanting 1 row of pepper seedlings in 4-row garlic every other 4 rows in the last ten days of 4 months, punching a film to perform single-plant planting, wherein the row distance of the pepper seedlings is 64cm, the row distance of plants (holes) is 23cm, and cotton rows are reserved after 6 rows of peppers are interplanted;
selecting 40' Shanghai cotton, growing seedlings in last 4 th days of month, interplanting 2 rows of cotton seedlings in reserved rows in last 5 th days of month, spacing 4 rows of garlic between cotton and pepper, spacing 5 rows of garlic between 2 rows of cotton, and spacing plant distance of 36cm.
Harvesting garlic sprouts at the beginning of 5 months of garlic, and harvesting garlic bulbs in the middle and last ten days of 5 months; harvesting one batch of cooked peppers; the firewood is pulled out from the cotton in 10 months, 15 days to 18 days.
Example 3
The intercropping planting method of garlic, cotton and pepper comprises the following steps:
selecting garlic of 'Jinxiang white skin', sowing in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, and the planting spacing is 12cm; laminating garlic, selecting a mulching film with the thickness of 0.01mm and the width of 2m, tensioning and flattening the mulching film, and pressing two sides tightly;
selecting a small fruit type capsicum variety of 'litsea cubeba', carrying out seedling culture from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, interplanting 1 row of capsicum seedlings in garlic every 3 rows in the last ten days of 4 months, punching a film to carry out double-plant planting, wherein the row distance of the capsicum seedlings is 60cm, the row distance of plants (holes) is 23cm, and cotton rows are reserved after interplanting 5 rows of capsicum;
selecting 40' Shanghai cotton, growing seedlings in late 4 months, interplanting 2 rows of cotton seedlings in the reserved rows in late 5 months, spacing 3 rows of garlic between the cotton and the pepper, spacing 5 rows of garlic between the 2 rows of cotton, and keeping the plant spacing at 30cm.
Harvesting garlic sprouts at the beginning of 5 months of garlic, and harvesting garlic bulbs in the middle and last ten days of 5 months; the whole plant of the hot pepper is pulled out and collected in 9 late-month ten days; the firewood is pulled out from the cotton in 10 months, 15 days to 18 days.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The intercropping planting method of garlic, cotton and pepper is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sowing garlic in the middle and upper ten days of 10 months, wherein the row spacing is 16-20cm, and harvesting in the middle and lower ten days of 5 months in the next year;
interplanting 1 row of pepper seedlings in garlic every 3-4 rows in the last ten days of 4 months, and reserving cotton rows after interplanting 4-6 rows of pepper;
and (3) interplanting 2 rows of cotton seedlings in the reserved rows from late 4 th to early 5 th of the month, wherein 3-4 rows of garlic are separated between the cotton and the hot pepper, and 5-6 rows of garlic are separated between 2 rows of cotton.
2. The intercropping planting method for garlic and cotton peppers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting distance of garlic is 12-18cm.
3. The intercropping planting method of garlic and cotton peppers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transplanting spacing of pepper seedlings is 23-29cm.
4. The intercropping planting method for garlic and cotton peppers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transplanting spacing of cotton seedlings is 30-36cm.
5. The intercropping planting method for garlic and cotton peppers as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the peppers are of big fruit type, 1 row of pepper seedlings is interplanted every 4 rows of garlic.
6. The intercropping planting method for garlic and cotton peppers as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein when the peppers are large fruit type varieties, one batch is harvested for one batch when the fruits are ripe.
7. The intercropping planting method for garlic, cotton and pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the pepper is a small fruit type variety, 1 row of pepper seedlings is interplanted in every 3 rows of garlic.
8. The intercropping planting method for garlic, cotton and pepper according to claim 1 or 7, wherein when the pepper is a small fruit type variety, the whole plant is pulled out and harvested in the last 9 th month.
9. The intercropping planting method for garlic, cotton and pepper according to claim 1, wherein when garlic is planted in the succeeding crop, firewood is pulled out of the cotton in 10 th of the month; when wheat is planted in the later crops, the cotton is pulled out in 10 middle-month.
10. The intercropping planting method of garlic and cotton peppers as claimed in claim 1, further comprising fertilizer and water management and pest and weed control during the growth period of garlic, pepper and cotton.
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