CN113711865B

CN113711865B - High-yield cultivation method of western ecological scallop pumpkins in northwest arid region

Info

Publication number: CN113711865B
Application number: CN202110980207.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 方宏建; 孙辉; 毛凤昌; 韩国健; 章世龙; 朱卯芬; 阮慧慧; 张飞
Original assignee: Anhui Jiangyi Tianhui Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Jiangyi Tianhui Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-25
Filing date: 2021-08-25
Publication date: 2022-12-13
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-25
Also published as: CN113711865A

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method of western ecological scallop pumpkins in northwest arid regions, which comprises the following steps: 1) Seedling raising technology: sowing in a proper period: the suitable sowing period is 3-5 months; 2) Soil preparation and bed making; 3) Planting: planting time: the method should be carried out in the afternoon or cloudy days in a sunny day, and the field planting is not suitable in a rainy day; 4) Managing the field; 5) Pollinating and fruit remaining; 6) Pest control; 7) Protecting fruits; 8) Harvesting and field cleaning: collected in the last 7-9 days: harvesting can be carried out 35-50 days after pollination, and the method for judging whether the pumpkin can be harvested in appearance is that the pumpkin fruit stems are green and yellow, and the pumpkin fruit stems are cracked, wherein the pumpkin fruit stems are required to be harvested after being dried in the sun in the morning in a fine day, and the base parts of the pumpkin fruit stems are cut flat and lightly taken; the scallop pumpkin planted by the method can realize high yield.

Description

Western ecological type scallop pumpkin high-yield cultivation method in northwest arid region

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method of western ecological type scallop pumpkins in northwest arid regions.

Background

Common features of western style pumpkins: the fruit surface is resistant to low temperature and high temperature, green spots are easy to appear on the fruit surface, and the phenomenon of flower melon occurs; the soil humidity is high, the phenomenon of accretion is easy to occur, the commodity is influenced, and the market demands are thick, flat and round to high-roundness. Generally, fruit setting is early, but root melons must be removed to influence fruit setting, and 12-15 leaves are usually preferred to retain melons. The quality is mostly expressed as: the powder is glutinous and sweet, and has good palatability. The diseases and insect pests are most common in aphids, powdery mildew and virus diseases.

The scallop pumpkin serving as the small western pumpkin has the advantages of being early-maturing, cold-resistant, strong in resistance and excellent in quality, and is popular with broad growers and consumers. But the yield is greatly influenced by the level of the cultivation technology.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a high-yield cultivation method of western ecological type scallop pumpkins in northwest arid regions, and the planted scallop pumpkins can realize high yield.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a high-yield cultivation method of western ecological scallop pumpkins in northwest arid regions is characterized in that,

1) Seedling raising technology:

sowing in a proper period: the suitable sowing period is 3-5 months;

seed soaking and germination accelerating:

seed dosage: the seed consumption per mu is 100-130 g, and the number of plants is 550-650;

seed treatment: firstly, exposing the selected seeds for two days in sunny days; before seed soaking, firstly, disinfecting seeds for 5-10 minutes by using thiophanate methyl, then, cleaning, soaking the seeds for 15 minutes in warm water at 55 ℃, cooling and then soaking the seeds for 6-7 hours; fishing out and cleaning mucus, after the surface of the seeds is dried, dipping the soft cloth with good water absorbability in water and wringing until no water drops, wrapping the seeds, and externally wrapping the seeds with plastic to preserve moisture and accelerate germination;

accelerating germination: cleaning and wrapping the seeds, placing the seeds under the constant temperature condition of 28-30 ℃ for accelerating germination, rinsing the seeds once every day by using clear water before germination, filtering water to dry in time, and continuing the accelerating germination until the seeds are white; cooling is well done during autumn sowing, and heat preservation is well done during spring sowing;

seedling stage management: after seedlings emerge, the seedlings are allowed to have sufficient illumination to enable the melon seedlings to grow robustly, when the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, the strong seedlings with thick and short stems, large cotyledons and upright leaves are selected for field planting;

2) Land preparation and bed making:

deep ploughing of pumpkin fields by 35cm, ploughing by one plow and raking by two rakes, and leveling and thinning the fields; applying a base fertilizer: determining the total amount of base fertilizer according to the fertility of soil, applying 120-160 kg of microbial fertilizer to each mu of field planting beds in a strip-shaped manner or in a hole-shaped manner, deeply ploughing the land, fully mixing the organic fertilizer with the soil to form ridges with the width of 1.2m, the height of 0.3m and the distance of 1.8-2.2m, and covering white mulching films;

3) Planting:

planting time: the method should be carried out in the afternoon or cloudy day in sunny days, and field planting is not suitable in rainy days;

planting density and mulching film covering: climbing to ground, cultivating at row spacing of 1.8-2.5 m and plant spacing of 50cm, pruning with two vines, cultivating 600 plants per mu, covering with mulching film, and laying drip irrigation equipment at increased ground temperature;

the planting method comprises the following steps: spraying a solution with the ratio of 1 to 500 times of chlorothalonil two days before planting; planting 1 plant, taking out the melon seedling from the seedling tray, planting the melon seedling and nutrient soil in a planting hole, strengthening, ridging and slightly compacting in the hole, wherein the depth is better when the cotyledon is higher than the ground, watering is performed in time after planting, and the survival rate is improved;

4) And (3) field management:

fertilizer and water management:

and (3) seedling stage: watering thoroughly during planting, watering water for seedling reviving immediately after planting, and simultaneously adding a microbial inoculum for soil improvement, wherein the application amount is 2.5 kg/mu; controlling watering from the seedling delay to the initial flowering stage, and watering less for squatting when the plant begins to leave lateral branches; during the squatting stage, soil humidity is controlled to be 60-70%, the squatting stage is properly represented as thick stem, short node, luxuriant leaves, dark green color and large flowers, and in the vine extending stage, branches and vines are trimmed in time and watering is carried out once;

fruit setting and fertilizing: when one or two half jin of melons are produced, applying 15-5-30+ TE high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer to each mu of area, and applying 5 kg/mu of water along with water; after the first batch of melons are harvested, applying the balanced water soluble fertilizer with the weight of 20-10-20+ TE once per mu, and applying the balanced water soluble fertilizer with water to 5 kg/mu;

plant adjustment:

pruning double vines: when the seedling grows to 4-5 main leaves, pinching, and removing the rest parts except two strong lateral vines; when the subsidiary vines grow to 10-15cm, two strong subsidiary vines are selected as fruiting vines to enable the subsidiary vines to grow in parallel, and the rest subsidiary vines and the grand vines are all removed;

pressing the vines: when pressing the tendrils, straightening and straightening the tendrils, digging long grooves with the length of 7-8 cm and the depth of 3-4 cm every 50cm, embedding sections of the tendrils with joints, pressing the small sections with soil, or folding the branches and the hoses into a U shape to clamp the tendrils, and inserting the branches and the hoses into the soil to fix the pressed stems;

the use of Zenggualing:

when two seed vines grow to 4 true leaves and the vines grow to 15-20cm, the zenagufuling is sprayed; watering once 1-2 days before using the medicine, wherein the application method comprises the following steps: 3-4 bags of zengguling are used per mu, 15g of water is added into each bag, the mixture is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of plants until the leaf surfaces are wet for one day, the mixture is continuously sprayed for 3-4 days, the interval time of each time is 24 hours, the female flower differentiation is promoted, and the mixture is sprayed once again if meeting rainy days;

5) Pollination and fruit retention:

pollination: when the female flowers on the tendrils open, artificial pollination is completed 9 a.m.; when the female flowers are open, pollination is carried out by using anti-droppings, a small sprayer is held by hands and is aimed at pistils of the female flowers to spray fruit mold clear, 2 g of the fruit mold clear is added into each bag, 6 jin of water is added, and the liquid medicine is not splashed onto stems and leaves in the spraying process; meanwhile, by adopting a bee pollination mode, 2 boxes of bees are placed on a pumpkin field for 10 mu, and the zenigeling and the anti-droping agent are used together with the bees;

and (4) fruit retention: the first female flower does not retain fruits, the second female flower begins to retain fruits, one fruit is retained at each 1 node, and 5-7 melons are retained on each vine;

6) And (3) pest control:

and (3) controlling powdery mildew: using 40% Fuxing 500-800 times liquid or shigao for prevention and treatment, or using 15% triadimefon wettable powder 2500 times liquid or 30% DT suspension 500 times liquid for prevention and treatment, spraying 2-3 times at intervals of 7-10 days, simultaneously enhancing ventilation, and timely cleaning and removing the bloomed female flowers and male flowers;

gray mold control: spraying 1000-1500 times of liquid of procymidone or fumigating by aerosol;

aphid and whitefly control: 10-20 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 20-40 ml of 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate for spraying 30-40 kg of water, or 1000 times of 10% chlorpheniramine wettable powder or 1000 times of 3% acetamiprid wettable powder for each mu;

and (3) control of liriomyza sativae: using 2000 times of 1.8% of insect/mite light missible oil or 800 times of 40% of Chaole missible oil;

7) Fruit protection:

and (3) control of sunscald: shade is sought in the melon expanding period to avoid direct sunlight, and green grass or melon leaves are used for covering the melon in the middle and later melon expanding period;

the balsam pear prevention and treatment: the prevention and treatment measures of balsam pear include three: firstly, the material of the cushion melon should not absorb water and accumulate water; secondly, selecting a proper sowing and planting period to avoid virus infection; thirdly, timely harvesting is carried out, and the open time is shortened;

the reduction measures of the yin and yang surfaces are as follows: in the expanding period, the melon is padded up, and the shade is turned up every 5-7 days;

8) Harvesting and field cleaning:

harvesting in the last 7 th-9 th days:

the pumpkin can be harvested 35-50 days after pollination, and the method for judging whether the pumpkin can be harvested in appearance is that the pumpkin fruit stalks turn green and yellow, and the pumpkin fruit stalks are cracked, wherein the pumpkin fruit stalks are selected to be dried in the open air and harvested again in the morning in a sunny day three days later, and the base parts of the pumpkin fruit stalks are cut flat and lightly taken.

The method has the beneficial effect that the scallop pumpkin planted by the method can realize high yield.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The high-yield cultivation method of western ecological scallop pumpkins in northwest arid regions realizes the high yield of the scallop pumpkins,

1) Seedling raising technology

Sowing in a proper period: the scallop-type pumpkin likes cold, cool and warm climate, is suitable for seeding in 3-5 months, and frost damage can be caused in later period in some areas if late seeding is carried out;

seed soaking and germination accelerating:

seed treatment: firstly, the selected seeds are exposed for two days in sunny days, so that the uniformity of germination can be obviously promoted; before seed soaking, the seeds are disinfected by thiophanate methyl for 5 to 10 minutes, then washed clean by warm water at 55 ℃ for 15 minutes, and cooled and then soaked for 6 to 7 hours; taking out and cleaning mucus, and wringing out soft cloth with good water absorption such as cotton cloth and towel after the surface of the seeds is dried until no water drops. Wrapping the seeds with plastic for moisturizing and accelerating germination;

accelerating germination: cleaning and wrapping the seeds, and then placing the seeds under the constant temperature condition of 28-30 ℃ for accelerating germination; before sprouting, rinsing the seeds once a day with clear water, draining the water in time, and continuing sprouting until the seeds are white. Cooling is well done during autumn sowing, and heat preservation is well done during spring sowing;

seedling stage management: after seedling emergence (heat preservation is carried out when the seedlings are planted in spring), the seedlings have sufficient illumination to make the melon seedlings grow strongly, when the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, the melon seedlings are planted in a field, and strong seedlings with thick and short stems, large cotyledons and correct stems are selected for planting;

2) Land preparation and bed making:

deeply turning the pumpkin land by 35cm, ploughing by two rakes, and leveling and refining the land; applying a base fertilizer: determining the total amount of the base fertilizer according to the soil fertility, and applying fertilizer in strips or holes on the field planting furrows; the scallop pumpkin has strong fertilizer absorption performance and large fertilizer demand, wherein the base fertilizer needs to be applied heavily, 120-160 kg of microbial fertilizer is applied to each mu, the land is ploughed deeply, the organic fertilizer and the soil are fully mixed to form ridges, the ridge width is 1.2m, the ridge height is 0.3m, the ridge distance is 1.8-2.2m, white mulching films are covered, the ground temperature is increased, drip irrigation equipment is paved, and fertilizer and water management is performed at a later stage;

fertilizing principle: microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer are used as main materials, and chemical fertilizer is applied in a reasonable and less way;

3) Planting:

the planting time is as follows: the method should be carried out in the afternoon or cloudy days in a sunny day, and the field planting is not suitable in a rainy day;

planting density and mulching film covering: the row spacing is 1.8-2.5 m, the plant spacing is 50cm, the double vines are trimmed, and 600 plants are planted per mu; mulching a mulching film, raising the ground temperature, laying drip irrigation equipment, and facilitating fertilizer and water management at a later stage;

the planting method comprises the following steps: spraying a solution with the ratio of 1: 500 times of chlorothalonil two days before planting to protect melon seedlings; planting 1 plant, taking melon seedling out of seedling tray, planting in planting hole together with nutrient soil, strengthening, ridging, slightly compacting in hole, preferably depth of cotyledon slightly higher than ground; watering thoroughly in time after field planting, and improving survival rate;

and (3) planting notice items: when the cotyledon of the seedling is flattened with two leaves and one heart period is the optimal planting period, the seedling to be planted is not attached to the seedling by the mulching film when the seedling is close to the ridge surface, and the seedling is prevented from being burnt by sunlight;

4) And (3) field management:

fertilizer and water management:

and (3) seedling stage: watering thoroughly during field planting, watering seedling-reviving water immediately after field planting, simultaneously adding microbial inoculum to improve soil at an application rate of 2.5 kg/mu, promoting the rapid growth of plant roots, improving the absorption of plants on various nutrient elements, improving the disease-resistant and stress-expanding capability, and controlling watering from the late seedling stage to the early flowering stage; when the plant begins to leave lateral branches, less watering is needed for squatting; during the squat period, soil humidity is controlled at 60-70%, and the squat seedling is characterized by thick stem, short nodes, luxuriant leaves, dark green color and large flowers. In the vine growing period, when branches and vines are tidied in time, watering is carried out once, watering is carried out in time, flowers and fruits do not fall off due to the fact that the branches and vines are not dragged to the full-bloom period, and fertilizer and water supply needs to be enhanced in the full-bloom period; the pumpkin is not waterlogging resistant and accumulated water should be drained in time;

and (4) fruit setting fertilizer: when the fruits grow about one or two half jin, applying 15-5-30+ TE high-potassium water soluble fertilizer to each mu along with water for 5 kg/mu to promote plant growth and improve fruit setting rate, and making the fruits grow; after the first batch of melons are harvested, a balanced water soluble fertilizer with 20-10-20+ TE is applied once per mu, 5 kg/mu is applied along with water, the premature senility of the plants is prevented, and the growth of the follow-up melons is promoted;

attention points for fertilizer and water management: according to specific planting areas and weather comprehensive factors, nitrogen fertilizer and watering are strictly controlled in the flowering and fruit setting period of the pumpkins, and the pumpkins are prevented from growing in vain; when most fruits are seated and the fruits grow to egg size, the fruits are rapidly swelled by combining the high-potassium fertilizer and the thoroughly swelled melon water, the fertilizers are applied by flushing twice, the first balanced fertilizer promotes the fruit swelling, and the second high-potassium fertilizer improves the quality; spraying a leaf fertilizer for 1 to 2 times after the melon is swelled for 20 to 30 days according to the growth vigor of plants; can delay the aging of the leaves in the later period, prolong the functional period and improve the quality; controlling watering in the mature period of the fruits, and stopping watering 10 days before harvesting;

plant adjustment:

pruning double vines: when the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, pinching (pinching) is carried out to promote lateral vines to be extracted, and except for two strong lateral vines, the rest lateral vines are all removed to be beneficial to lateral vine fruiting; when the subsidiary vines grow to 10-15cm, two strong subsidiary vines are selected as fruiting vines to enable the subsidiary vines to grow in parallel, and the rest subsidiary vines and the grand vines are all removed; if the seeds are put into cultivation, the labor is saved, but the mature periods of the fruits are inconsistent, the fruits cannot be harvested at one time, the yield is lower, and the quality cannot be guaranteed;

pressing vines: the tendril pressing aims at manual intervention and arrangement, so that branches and tendrils are fixed in position in the field and grow adventitious roots, and tendrils rolling and tendrils folding caused by strong wind are prevented; when pressing the tendrils, straightening and straightening the tendrils, digging long grooves with the length of 7-8 cm and the depth of 3-4 cm every 50cm, burying the tendrils into a small section (with nodes) and pressing the small section with soil, or folding the branches and hoses into a U shape to clamp the tendrils, and inserting the branches and the hoses into the soil to fix the pressed tendrils;

note that: pinching tips and remaining double vines need to be carried out in time, otherwise fruit setting and mature period are influenced;

the use of the zengualing can promote the development of female flowers:

when two seed vines grow to 4 true leaves and the vines grow to about 15-20cm, the zengguling is sprayed; watering once 1-2 days before using the medicine, wherein the application method comprises the following steps: 3-4 bags of zengguling (15 g per bag) are used per mu, 15 kg of water is added, plant leaf surfaces are sprayed until the leaf surfaces are wet for one day, the plant leaf surfaces are continuously sprayed for 3-4 days, the interval time of each time is 24 hours, female flower differentiation is promoted, and the plant leaf surfaces are sprayed once again if meeting rain;

the points of use of Zenggualing: the zengguling is suitable for early stage and not late stage, and is sprayed after the length of the zengguling is less than 30 cm; when spraying, the front and back surfaces of the leaves are sprayed with fast dropping water; the spraying method is that 1 ridge is reserved for each 4 ridges to be sprayed and not sprayed, and the spraying method is used for bee pollination;

5) Pollination and fruit retention:

pollination: when the female flowers on the tendrils open, the opening time of the female flowers of the chestnut pumpkin is 4 a.m.: 00-6:00, the fertilization seed setting rate is highest, and artificial pollination is completed before 9 a.m.; when the female flowers are open or pollinated by using the anti-Luo element, a small sprayer is held by hands to spray fruit mold clear aiming at pistils of the female flowers, 2 g of fruit mold clear is sprayed in each bag, 6 jin of water is added, and the liquid medicine is not splashed onto stems and leaves in the spraying process. Meanwhile, by means of bee pollination, 2 boxes of bees are placed on the pumpkin field for 10 mu; the Guaping, the anti-dropping agent and the honeybees are used simultaneously, so that the continuous fruit setting is centralized and stable;

and (4) fruit retention: the first female flower does not retain fruits, if the fruits are retained, the fruits are small, deformed fruits are easy to form, and the adverse effect on the growth of plants is also caused; and (4) reserving fruits from the second female flower, reserving one fruit for each 1 section, and reserving 5-7 fruits for each vine. The corresponding large number of fruits is reserved according to the growth condition of the plant body;

6) And (3) pest control:

the main diseases are as follows: damping off, viral diseases, gray mold, powdery mildew, etc.;

the powdery mildew at the early stage of the disease causes round percentage spots on the leaf surface, develops on the front, back and stem tendrils of the leaves soon, the powder layer becomes thicker and thicker, the leaves turn yellow and dry finally, and sometimes small black spots are generated on the spots; the control can be carried out by using 40 percent Fuxing 500-800 times of liquid or shigao, or using 15 percent triadimefon wettable powder 2500 times of liquid or 30 percent DT suspension concentrate 500 times of liquid, spraying for 2-3 times at intervals of 7-10 days, simultaneously enhancing ventilation, and timely cleaning and picking off the opened female flowers and male flowers; the gray mold can be sprayed by 1000-1500 times of the liquid of the procymidone or fumigated by aerosol of the procymidone, chlorothalonil and the like;

general pesticide control method for different diseases

The main insect pests are: mainly comprising whitefly, aphid, liriomyza sativae and the like; 10-20 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 20-40 ml of 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable solution is sprayed to 30-40 kg of water per mu, or 1000 times of solution of 10% chlorpyrifos wettable powder or 1000 times of solution of 3% acetamiprid wettable powder and other medicaments are used for preventing and treating aphids and whiteflies;

1.8 percent of pesticide-mite-killing missible oil 2000 times liquid or 40 percent of Chaole missible oil 800 times liquid is used for preventing and controlling liriomyza sativae;

the prevention principle is as follows: according to the principle of prevention as main and comprehensive prevention and control;

agricultural control: strictly sterilizing the seeds to reduce virus-borne diseases of the seeds; strong seedlings with proper age are cultivated, and the stress resistance is improved; deep-groove high-bed cultivation is adopted, and water accumulation is prevented strictly; timely removing field patrinia leaves and weeds, and keeping the field clean; a field crop rotation system is implemented, the rotation of non-melon crops is implemented, and the rotation of paddy and dry fields is implemented in a field garden in the field; scientifically applying fertilizer, increasing biological organic bacterial fertilizer, and balancing fertilizer application; spreading a silver gray mulching film to repel aphids and weeding a black film; microbial preparations such as biological pesticides including bacillus thuringiensis, abamectin, agricultural streptomycin and the like are adopted to prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests. The use of highly toxic and highly residual pesticides is not allowed;

7) Fruit protection:

and (3) control of sunscald: the pumpkin has small water content and thin peel, and is easy to generate a large amount of sunscald in the pumpkin expansion period, and the symptoms of the sunscald are that the pumpkin is red purple and then becomes white, the ulcer surface is generated when rain occurs, and the commodity value is lost; shading is tried to be carried out in the melon expanding period to avoid direct sunlight, and the green grass or the melon leaves can be used for covering the melon in the middle and later melon expanding period to achieve good effect;

preventing and treating balsam pear: in wet field, the pumpkin sticks to the ground, a large amount of tumor-shaped bulges are easy to produce, and even if the pumpkin sticks rain 7 days before harvesting, the small lumps can be caused, so that the appearance is seriously influenced; in addition, the virus is infected, so that the melon skin bulges, the skin of an affected part is thick and hard, water-immersed plaques are clamped in melon flesh, the quality is reduced, and the appearance is extremely poor; the prevention and treatment measures of balsam pear include three: firstly, the material of the cushion melon should not absorb water and accumulate water; secondly, selecting a proper sowing and planting period to avoid virus infection; thirdly, timely harvesting is carried out, and the open time is shortened;

the reduction measures of the yin and yang surfaces are as follows: in the expanding period, the melon is padded up, and the shade is turned up every 5 to 7 days, so that the contact area between the melon and the ground is reduced; the illumination is received to the maximum extent, and the consistency of the thickness of the pulp is ensured;

8) Harvesting and field cleaning (harvesting in late 7-9 months):

the pumpkin can be harvested 35-50 days after general pollination, and the method for judging whether the pumpkin can be harvested or not in appearance is that the fruit stalks of the pumpkin are green and yellow, and the pumpkin is dry and cracked; selecting dew, drying in the sun and harvesting after three days in sunny days in the morning; the base of the fruit stem is cut flat to avoid damaging the fruit peel, and the fruit stem is taken slightly and placed slightly, and is forbidden to be dropped heavily, so that the fruit stem is convenient to store;

after-ripening treatment: after the pumpkin is harvested, fruit stalks are dried, otherwise, mixed bacteria or bacteria can propagate to cause fruit rot; therefore, after harvesting, the vegetables should be placed in a well ventilated shade for air drying;

precautions before harvest: in order to ensure good commodity of the pumpkins, if continuous rainy weather occurs in the middle and later periods of fruit expansion, the situation that the fruit surface of the chestnut pumpkins is uneven due to the ground atmosphere, namely, the commodity is influenced by the nodular protrusions is avoided; timely moving the melon vine, moving the melon to a lower position or paving a white thin foam pad melon under the melon;

fertilizer efficiency comparison table:

the comparison table of the field key technology improvement effects:

1	"Zenggualing" medicine for preventing melon from being used	Yield per mu is 1500 jin
			2	The use of the pesticide for increasing the pollination of bees	Yield per mu of 2000 jin
3	"Zenggualing" full spray for increasing melon number	Yield of 2300 jin per mu
			4	"Zenggualing" full spray and use anti-falling element	Yield per mu is 2600 jin
5	Guaping-increasing-4-remaining-1 + increasing bee pollination + using anti-falling-down element	Yield per mu is 3500-4500 jin

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method of western ecological scallop pumpkins in northwest arid regions is characterized in that,

1) Seedling raising technology:

sowing in a proper period: the suitable sowing period is 3-5 months;

seed soaking and germination accelerating:

accelerating germination: cleaning and wrapping the seeds, placing the seeds under the constant temperature condition of 28-30 ℃ for germination acceleration, rinsing the seeds once every day by using clean water before germination, draining water in time, and continuing germination acceleration until the seeds are white; cooling is well done during autumn sowing, and heat preservation is well done during spring sowing;

seedling stage management: after seedlings emerge, the melon seedlings are allowed to have sufficient illumination to enable the melon seedlings to grow robustly, when the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, the melon seedlings are planted in a field, and strong seedlings with thick and short stems, large cotyledons and upright leaves are selected for planting;

2) Land preparation and bed making:

3) Planting:

planting density and mulching film covering: climbing to the ground to cultivate the row spacing of 1.8-2.5 m, the plant spacing is 50cm, the two vines are trimmed, 600 plants are planted per mu, a mulching film is covered, the ground temperature is improved, and drip irrigation equipment is paved;

the planting method comprises the following steps: spraying a solution with the ratio of 1 to 500 times of chlorothalonil two days before planting; planting 1 plant, taking melon seedling out of the seedling tray, planting in a planting hole together with nutrient soil, strengthening, ridging, slightly compacting in the hole, preferably, the depth is that the cotyledon is higher than the ground, watering thoroughly in time after planting, and improving the survival rate;

4) Field management:

and (3) fertilizer and water management:

and (3) seedling stage: watering thoroughly during field planting, watering seedling-recovering water immediately after field planting, and simultaneously adding microbial inoculum to improve soil, wherein the application amount is 2.5 kg/mu; controlling watering from the seedling delay to the initial flowering stage, and watering less for squatting when the plant begins to leave lateral branches; during the squat period, the soil humidity is controlled at 60-70%, the squat seedling is properly characterized by thick stem, short nodes, luxuriant leaves, dark green color and large flowers, and the branch and the vine are timely arranged in the vine extending period and should be watered once;

and (4) fruit setting fertilizer: when one or two half jin of melons are produced, applying 15-5-30+ TE high-potassium water soluble fertilizer to each mu of water, and applying 5 kg/mu of water; after the first batch of melons are harvested, applying the balanced water soluble fertilizer with the weight of 20-10-20+ TE once per mu, and applying the balanced water soluble fertilizer with water to 5 kg/mu;

plant adjustment:

pressing the vines: when pressing the tendrils, straightening the tendrils, digging long grooves with the length of 7-8 cm and the depth of 3-4 cm every 50cm, embedding sections of the tendrils with joints, pressing the small sections with soil, or folding the branches or hoses into a U shape to clamp the tendrils, and inserting the branches or hoses into the soil to fix the pressed stems;

the use of the medicine for increasing melon:

when two seed vines grow to 4 true leaves and the vines grow to 15-20cm, the zenagufuling is sprayed; watering once 1-2 days before using the medicine, wherein the application method comprises the following steps: 3-4 bags of zengguling are used per mu, 15g of water is added into each bag, the mixture is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of plants until the leaf surfaces are wet, the spraying is carried out once a day for 3-4 days, the interval time of each time is 24 hours, the female flower differentiation is promoted, and the spraying is carried out once again if the leaf surfaces are wet;

5) Pollination and fruit retention:

pollination: when the female flowers on the tendrils open, artificial pollination is completed 9 a.m.; when the female flowers are open, the female flowers are pollinated by using anti-drop agent, a small sprayer is held by hands to spray fruit mold clear aiming at pistils of the female flowers, 2 g of the fruit mold clear is added with 6 jin of water every bag, and the liquid medicine is not splashed onto stems and leaves in the spraying process; meanwhile, by adopting a bee pollination mode, 2 boxes of bees are placed on a pumpkin field for 10 mu, and the zengguling, the anti-droppings and the bees are used simultaneously;

6) And (3) pest control:

aphid and whitefly control: 10-20 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 20-40 ml of 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable solution and 30-40 kg of water are added into each mu of land for spraying, or 1000 times of solution of 10% chlorpropham wettable powder or 1000 times of solution of 3% acetamiprid wettable powder;

and (3) control of liriomyza sativae: 2000 times of 1.8 percent of insect/mite light missible oil or 800 times of 40 percent of Chaole missible oil is used;

7) Fruit protection:

preventing and treating balsam pear: the prevention and treatment measures of balsam pear include three: firstly, the material of the cushion melon does not absorb water and accumulate water; secondly, selecting a proper sowing and planting period to avoid virus infection; thirdly, timely harvesting is carried out, and the open time is shortened;

reduction of yin and yang surfaces: in the expanding period, the melon is padded up, and the shade is turned up every 5-7 days;

8) Harvesting and field cleaning:

collected in the last 7-9 days:

the pumpkin can be harvested 35-50 days after pollination, the pumpkin stems can be harvested after being turned green and yellow and are subjected to appearance judgment, the pumpkin stems are required to be cracked, three days later in a sunny day, dew is selected to be dried in the morning in the sunny day and then harvested, the bases of the stems are cut flat and the stems are lightly taken.