CN114431142A

CN114431142A - Method for breeding pocket pumpkin

Info

Publication number: CN114431142A
Application number: CN202210073228.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高秀武; 朱祥雨; 邓俊杰; 许飞
Original assignee: Anhui Yingfeinaite Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Yingfeinaite Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-01-21
Filing date: 2022-01-21
Publication date: 2022-05-06

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of agricultural planting, and provides a method for breeding pocket pumpkins, which comprises the following steps: step (1), seedling raising; step (2), sowing; step (3), land preparation and bed making; step (4), planting; step (5), field management; step (6), pollination; step (7), reserving the melons; step (8), harvesting; compared with the original resource of Xinjiang noble pumpkin after transformation and screening, the method for breeding the pocket pumpkin reduces the average plant disease susceptibility from 70.6% to 20.1% and increases the fruit setting rate from 80.1% to 260.4% in greenhouse cultivation, makes great breakthrough on disease resistance, moisture resistance, weak light resistance and fruit setting rate of the pumpkin, maintains the unique powder, taste and flavor of the original noble pumpkin, can plant the pumpkin nationwide, is not limited to Xinjiang, and can plant the pumpkin in multi-humid areas in China.

Description

Method for breeding pocket pumpkin

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for breeding pocket pumpkins.

Background

The health care function of the pumpkin is more and more emphasized by people, particularly the western pumpkin is more accepted by consumers due to the excellent quality and good taste. The pumpkin fruit is rich in starch, fat, reducing sugar, various amino acids, vitamins and minerals. The traditional Chinese medicine believes that the pumpkin is warm in nature and sweet in taste, and has the effects of tonifying middle-jiao and Qi, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain, detoxifying and killing insects. Modern medical research finds that the pumpkin also has various medicinal values, and the pumpkin also contains various efficacy factors for preventing and treating diseases and the like. The pumpkin has high yield per mu and has the characteristic of storage resistance, and can be used as a substitute of staple food in the past times of food shortage.

The noble pumpkin is a local variety in Xinjiang, has extremely good quality, but the popularization of the variety is seriously restricted because of the defects of large single pumpkin, small fruit setting number of single plant, limited cultivation area and the like. Along with the improvement of living standard of people in recent years, people put forward higher requirements on quality and health of melons, fruits and vegetables. The varieties of melons, fruits and vegetables are high in quality and small in size, and the future development trend is achieved. The newly bred pocket noble variety is suitable for being eaten by families one at a time in a healthy and convenient way due to good taste and small fruit shape, is quickly accepted and recognized by consumers, and the market is continuously expanded.

In the prior art, the local variety of the noble pumpkin in Xinjiang has low yield, no disease resistance, too large single pumpkin and low fruit setting rate, is not suitable for national planting, and has very difficult cultivation of the noble pumpkin variety in multiple wetland areas in south China for a long time. Therefore, in order to solve the problems, the instant cubilose tremella aurantialba product with nourishing and fresh keeping functions and the preparation method thereof are provided.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the breeding method of the pocket pumpkin comprises the following steps:

step 1, seedling culture: selecting seeds with the quality meeting more than 2 grades in GB/T16715.1, using 75-100 g of seeds per mu, treating the seeds, preparing nutrient soil, and after the seeds are treated, placing the seeds at a proper temperature for accelerating germination;

step 2, sowing: uniformly dibbling the seeds after germination acceleration on a plug tray, covering the plug tray with sterilized nutrient soil, regularly arranging the plug tray on a seedbed with the width of 1.2 m, covering a plastic film, removing a covering after the seeds start to break the soil, hardening the seedlings, and performing temperature management and water management in the seedling stage;

step 3, land preparation and bed making: deeply turning the melon field by 30 cm, ploughing by one plough and harrowing, and determining the total amount of the base fertilizer according to the soil fertilizer;

step 4, field planting: when strong seedlings are planted with two leaves and one heart, melon seedlings are protected 2 days before planting, different planting densities are determined through vine hanging cultivation or climbing cultivation, the melon seedlings are taken out of a seedling tray during planting, planted in planting holes together with nutrient soil, straightened, earthed and slightly compacted in the holes, and the melon seedlings are fully watered after planting;

step 5, field management: after seedling slowing, watering the seedlings for one time successively, applying top dressing for growing seedlings, applying top dressing for expanding melon fertilizer, and adjusting plants;

step 6, pollination: removing petals of the opened male flowers at 7-9 am on a sunny day, and then slightly coating pollen on the heads of the female flower columns, wherein 1-3 female flowers can be awarded to each male flower;

step 7, melon retention: the melon can be left through one-time harvesting or continuous fruit making;

and 8, harvesting: when the melon stalks turn green and yellow, the fruit stalks are cut flat, and the ripe pumpkin is picked;

step 9, cleaning the field: cleaning residual branches, spoiled leaves and weeds in the pumpkin field, performing harmless treatment in a centralized manner, and keeping the field clean;

step 10, pest control: preventing diseases and pests of melons and fruits.

Preferably, in the step 1, the quality requirement of the seeds is that the purity is more than or equal to 95%, the purity is more than or equal to 98%, the germination percentage is more than or equal to 90%, the water content is less than or equal to 8%, screened surface soil or field soil without a disease and insect source and decomposed farmyard manure are selected for preparing nutrient soil, and the volume ratio of plant ash or rice husk ash is 5: 3: 2, mixing the components.

Preferably, in the step 2, the temperature management in the seedling stage is performed before unearthing, the proper temperature in the daytime is 25-30 ℃, the proper temperature at night is 20-25 ℃, the proper temperature in the daytime is 20-25 ℃ after unearthing, the proper temperature at night is 17-20 ℃, the moisture management is performed until cotyledons slightly expand before unearthing to keep the soil moist, the humidity is 60-80%, the soil after cotyledons slightly expand is optimally combined in a dry-wet mode, the humidity is controlled to be about 60%, and the melon seedlings are fully watered each time.

Preferably, in the step 4, melon seedlings are protected by spraying 53% Jinleduomie dispersing agent 500 times liquid and the like, vine hanging is carried out for planting with a plant spacing of 50 cm, furrow width on ridge surface is 1.5 m, 800-900 plants are planted per mu, climbing is carried out for planting with a plant spacing of 50 cm, a row spacing is 2.5 m, and about 550 plants are planted per mu.

Preferably, the one-time harvesting in the step 7 is that the first melon is picked before blooming, each vine is selected to retain a normally developed melon, about 5 melons are retained, the continuous fruit setting mode is that the point is pinched in time when 5-6 leaves are planted after planting, when side vines occur, two side vines which are consistent in length and size and are formed from the base portion of a melon seedling are selected as main vines for fruiting, the rest side vines are all knocked off, the point is pinched for the second time, and when 3-4 small pumpkins where each vine is seated are obtained, 1-2 leaves are retained near the top bud of the melon seedling, and then growing points are pinched off.

The invention has at least the following beneficial effects: compared with the original resource of Xinjiang noble pumpkin when newly introduced, the transferred and screened pumpkin has the advantages that the average plant disease incidence rate is reduced from 70.6% to 20.1% in greenhouse cultivation, the fruit setting rate is increased from 80.1% to 260.4%, the disease resistance, moisture resistance, weak light resistance and fruit setting rate of the pumpkin are greatly broken through, the preservation of the specific powder degree, taste and flavor of the original noble pumpkin is realized, the pumpkin can be planted nationwide, the pumpkin is not limited to Xinjiang, and particularly, the pumpkin can be planted in humid areas in the south of China.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Examples

Example 1

The invention provides a technical scheme of a breeding method of pocket pumpkins, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, seedling culture: selecting seeds with the quality meeting more than 2 grades in GB/T16715.1, using 75-100 g of seeds per mu, treating the seeds, preparing nutrient soil for disinfection, and placing the treated seeds at a proper temperature for germination;

step 4, field planting: planting in two leaves and one heart, protecting melon seedlings 2 days before planting, determining different planting densities through vine hanging cultivation or climbing cultivation, taking the melon seedlings out of a seedling tray during planting, planting the melon seedlings in planting holes together with nutrient soil, strengthening, ridging, slightly compacting the melon seedlings in the holes, and fully watering the melon seedlings after planting;

and 8, harvesting: when the green and yellow melon stalks are cut off, the fruit stalks are cut flat, and ripe pumpkins are obtained;

step 10, pest control: preventing diseases and pests of melons and fruits.

Further, in the step 1, the quality requirement purity of the seeds is more than or equal to 95 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 98 percent, the germination percentage is more than or equal to 90 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 8 percent, screened surface soil or field soil without a disease and insect source and decomposed farmyard manure are selected for preparing nutrient soil, and the volume ratio of plant ash or rice husk ash is 5: 3: 2, adding 1 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N-P-K is 15-15-15) per cubic meter, and fully and uniformly mixing.

Further, in the step 2, the temperature is managed before emergence, the proper temperature in the daytime is 25-30 ℃, the proper temperature at night is 20-25 ℃, the proper temperature in the daytime is 20-25 ℃ after emergence, the proper temperature at the nighttime is 17-20 ℃, the moisture is managed in such a way that the soil is kept moist before emergence until cotyledons are slightly expanded, the humidity is 60-80%, the soil is optimally combined by dry and wet after cotyledons are slightly expanded, the humidity is controlled to be about 60%, and the melon seedlings are fully watered each time.

Further, in the step 4, melon seedlings are protected by spraying 53% Jinleiduomial dispersant 500-fold liquid and the like, vine hanging is conducted for planting with the plant spacing of 50 cm, the furrow width on the ridge surface is 1.5 m, 900 plants are planted per mu, climbing is conducted with the plant spacing of 50 cm, the row spacing is 2.5 m, and about 550 plants are planted per mu.

Further, in the step 7, harvesting is carried out at one time, the first melon is picked before blooming, each vine is selected to retain a normally developed melon, about 5 melons are retained, a continuous fruit setting mode is adopted, the point is pinched in time when 5-6 leaves are planted, when side vines occur, two side vines which are consistent in length and size and are formed from the base portion of a melon seedling are selected to serve as main vines for fruiting, all the other side vines are knocked off, the point is pinched for the second time, and when 3-4 small pumpkins where each vine is seated are obtained, 1-2 leaves are retained near the top bud of the melon seedling, and then growing points are pinched off.

Example 2

The invention provides a technical scheme of a breeding method of pocket pumpkins, wherein in the step 1, seeds are firstly cleaned by clear water, then soaked in constant-temperature water at 55 ℃ for 15 minutes, then soaked in clear water for 3-4 hours, taken out and cleaned with mucus, after the seeds are well treated, the seeds are placed under the constant-temperature condition of 28-30 ℃ for germination acceleration, before germination, the seeds are rinsed by clear water for 1 time every day, water is drained in time, and then the germination acceleration is continued until the seeds are exposed to the white;

example 3

The invention provides a technical scheme of a breeding method of pocket pumpkins, wherein in the step 1, nutrient soil is sterilized into every 1000 kilograms of nutrient soil, 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is sprayed and mixed evenly, then the pumpkins are stacked, a plastic film is used for covering for 7 days, and the film is uncovered and then sowed;

example 4

The invention provides a technical scheme of a pocket pumpkin breeding method, wherein 1 particle is placed in each hole of a hole disk in the step 2, and whisker seeds are flatly placed with the depth of 1-1.5 cm;

example 5

example 6

The invention provides a technical scheme of a breeding method of pocket pumpkins, wherein the field planting in the step 4 is carried out in the evening or in the cloudy day, the field planting is not suitable in rainy days, the suitable temperature is 20-23 ℃ in the daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night 5-7 days before the field planting, 1 plant is planted in each hole, and the depth is preferably that the leaf is slightly higher than the ground;

example 7

The invention provides a technical scheme of a breeding method of pocket pumpkins, wherein after seedling slowing in step 5, seedling slowing water is poured once in the morning on a sunny day, then seedlings are squatted, watering is carried out for a few times in a vine extending period, watering is enhanced in a full-bearing period of the pumpkins, accumulated water is removed in time in rainy seasons, about one week after planting, dressing and applying expanding melon fertilizer by using 20-30% fresh water or 0.5% urea water solution, when two young pumpkins with weight of about 1 jin are planted, 40-50% of manure water is generally used, 10kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 10kg of potassium fertilizer or 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer is used in each mu, expanding melon fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 10 days and 2-3 times, after the first batch of pumpkins are harvested, 20kg of ammonium bicarbonate is added for one time per mu, after the vines are 50 centimeters, branch pruning is started after the vines are grown, the main vines are kept, the rest side vines are removed, when the vines are 7-9, and the main vines are 0.5 meters, leading the vines once for 2-3 times, preferably leading the vines to an empty row after raining, pressing the vines on the ground at the joint positions by using wet soft soil blocks, and exposing half sections of the top ends of the melons to the soil surface to enable the melons to be uniformly distributed;

example 8

The invention provides a technical scheme of a breeding method of pocket pumpkins, wherein in step 7, the roots and lateral branches growing on the pumpkins are removed in time in daily management, old leaves and diseased leaves at the bottom are removed, ventilation and light transmission are ensured, and unnecessary nutrient consumption of plants is reduced. After the main vine is pinched, 1 lateral vine is selected and remained near the top of the main vine, the rest lateral vines are all cut off, and the selected and remained lateral vine near the top of the main vine is used as the main vine of the first-crop melon after the production;

example 9

The invention provides a technical scheme of a breeding method of pocket pumpkins, wherein in step 10, through agricultural prevention, high-resistance and multi-resistance varieties are selected, seeds are strictly disinfected, the bacterial-carrying disease transmission of the seeds is reduced, strong seedlings with proper age are cultivated, the stress resistance is improved, deep-groove high-ridge cultivation is adopted, accumulated water is strictly prevented, residual branches, spoiled leaves and weeds in the field are timely removed, the field is kept clean, a field crop rotation system is implemented, crop rotation is conducted on non-melon crops, the paddy-upland rotation is conducted on a conditioned field, scientific fertilization is conducted, rotten organic fertilizers are increased, balanced fertilization is conducted, a silver-ash mulching film is laid to repel aphids, black film weeding is conducted, and biological pesticides such as bacillus thuringiensis, abamectin, agricultural streptomycin and the like are adopted to control plant diseases and insect pests;

in conclusion, the breeding method of the mini pumpkin provided in the embodiments 1 to 9 can effectively improve the disease resistance, moisture resistance, weak light resistance and fruit setting rate of the pumpkin.

While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The method for breeding the pocket pumpkin is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step (1), seedling culture: selecting seeds with the quality meeting more than 2 grades in GB/T16715.1, using 75-100 g of seeds per mu, treating the seeds, preparing nutrient soil, and after the seeds are treated, placing the seeds at a proper temperature for accelerating germination;

step (2), sowing: uniformly dibbling the seeds after germination acceleration on a plug tray, covering the plug tray with sterilized nutrient soil, regularly arranging the plug tray on a seedbed with the width of 1.2 m, covering a plastic film, removing a covering after the seeds start to break the soil, hardening the seedlings, and performing temperature management and water management in the seedling stage;

step (3), land preparation and bed making: deeply turning the melon field by 30 cm, ploughing by one plough and harrowing, and determining the total amount of the base fertilizer according to the soil fertilizer;

step (4), planting: when strong seedlings are planted with two leaves and one heart, melon seedlings are protected 2 days before planting, different planting densities are determined through vine hanging cultivation or ground climbing cultivation, the melon seedlings are taken out from a seedling tray during planting, planted in planting holes together with nutrient soil, righted, earthed and slightly compacted in the holes, and the melon seedlings are fully watered after planting;

step (5), field management: after the seedlings are retarded, watering the seedlings for one time successively, dressing the seedlings for growing, dressing the expanding melon fertilizer, and adjusting the plants;

step (6), pollination: removing petals of the opened male flowers at 7-9 am on a sunny day, and then slightly coating pollen on the heads of the female flower columns, wherein 1-3 female flowers can be awarded to each male flower;

step (7), melon retention: the melon can be left through one-time harvesting or continuous fruit making;

and (8) harvesting: when the melon stalks turn green and yellow, the fruit stalks are cut flat, and the ripe pumpkin is picked;

step (9), cleaning the field: cleaning residual branches, spoiled leaves and weeds in a pumpkin field, and performing harmless treatment in a centralized manner to keep the field clean;

step (10), pest control: preventing diseases and pests of melons and fruits.

2. The method for breeding the pumpkin in pocket according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the quality requirement purity of the seeds is more than or equal to 95 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 98 percent, the germination percentage is more than or equal to 90 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 8 percent, screened surface soil or field soil without a disease insect source and decomposed farmyard manure are selected for preparing nutrient soil, and the volume ratio of plant ash or rice husk ash is 5: 3: 2, mixing the components.

3. The method for breeding the pumpkin in pocket according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the temperature management in the seedling stage is performed before unearthing, the proper temperature in the daytime is 25-30 ℃, the proper temperature at night is 20-25 ℃, the proper temperature in the daytime is 20-25 ℃ and the proper temperature at night is 17-20 ℃, the moisture management is performed before unearthing until cotyledons slightly expand to keep the soil moist, the humidity is 60-80%, the soil after cotyledons slightly expand is optimally combined in a dry-wet mode, the humidity is controlled to be about 60%, and the melon seedlings are fully watered each time.

4. The method for breeding the pumpkin in pocket according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), melon seedlings are protected by spraying 500-fold liquid of 53% Jinleiduomi dispersing agent and the like, vine hanging is carried out for planting with the plant spacing of 50 cm, the furrow width of the ridge surface is 1.5 m, 900 seedlings are planted per mu, climbing is carried out for planting with the plant spacing of 50 cm, the row spacing is 2.5 m, and 550 seedlings are planted per mu.

5. The method for breeding the pumpkin in pocket according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) picking off the first melon in the step (7) at one time before blooming, selecting and reserving the normal-developed melons for each vine, reserving about 5 melons for each plant, timely pinching when 5-6 leaves are planted for continuous fruit setting, selecting two side vines with the same length and size which are grown from the basal part of the melon seedling as main vines for fruiting when the side vines occur, completely beating the rest side vines, pinching for the second time, and when the number of the small pumpkins seated on each vine reaches 3-4, reserving 1-2 leaves near the top bud of the melon seedling and pinching growing points.