CN104137724A - Cultivation method for intercropping between garlic and waxy and sweet corns and intercropping between summer and autumn Chinese cabbages and wild cabbages in two-season and four-harvesting mode in one year - Google Patents
Cultivation method for intercropping between garlic and waxy and sweet corns and intercropping between summer and autumn Chinese cabbages and wild cabbages in two-season and four-harvesting mode in one year Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for intercropping between garlic and waxy and sweet corns and intercropping between summer and autumn Chinese cabbages and wild cabbages in a two-season and four-harvesting mode in one year. According to the method, the fork period is arranged reasonably, in the first season, the garlic and the early-maturing waxy and sweet corns are intercropped, the garlic is sowed in the early to mid-October, young garlic shoots are harvested in the early May, the waxy and sweet corns are sowed from the mid-February to the early March, and fresh corns can come into the market in the early June; in the second season, the summer and autumn out-of-season Chinese cabbages and the wild cabbages are intercropped, the Chinese cabbages are sowed and seedlings grow from the late May to the end of July, field planting is carried out from the late June to the end of August, and the Chinese cabbages come into the market in batches from the late July to the early October; the summer and autumn out-of-season wild cabbages are sowed from the early May to the early July, field planting is carried out from the mid-June to the mid-August, and the wild cabbages come into the market in batches from the middle to late August to the end of October. As the proper fine varieties are selected, the scientific intercropping method is adopted twice, and the seed sowing period, the field planting period and the period of coming into the market are improved, the yield and production value of crops are increased, the two-season and four-harvesting effect in one year and the effect of obtaining out-of-season vegetables three times are achieved, and the economic benefits are remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture cultivation technology field, particularly between glutinous sweet corn for set course between garlic, autumn in summer Chinese cabbage, overlap 1 year two Ji Sishou cultivation method of wild cabbage.
Background technology
Guizhou belongs to typically the Province of mountain region in " eight one point of fields of one water, mountain ", and the little and fragmentary dispersion of arable area, soil are barren, promotes scale, mechanization, modernization, industrialization difficulty larger, and therefore agriculture per unit area yield and production efficiency are low, and farmers' income is lower.Counties and cities' majorities such as Dafang County, Guizhou Province, Nayong County, Fuquan City, Huishui County are areas where people of the minority nationalities live in compact communities, these poverty-stricken area agricultural tradition cropping patterns are nonocultures of waxy corn, garlic, wild cabbage, Chinese cabbage etc. for a long time, per mu yield is respectively 1000,700,4300,5000kg left and right, and per mu yield value only has respectively 2000,2800,3500,3000 yuan.How in unit are, to adjust pattern of farming, take intercropping and interplanting or more than a year season vegetables high-efficient planting patterns, increase cropping index, improve as much as possible land utilization rate, become one, Guizhou problem demanding prompt solution.
In the prior art, there is the pattern of some grain dish interplantings, for example, with the immediate Hexi prefecture of the present invention garlic, corn, three batches of interplanting patterns of wild cabbage, can every mu the results head of garlic 600～700kg, 1400 yuan of the output values, garlic shoot 550～650kg, 1500 yuan of the output values, corn 500kg, 400 yuan of the output values.Wild cabbage 1500kg, 750 yuan of the output values, add up to 4150 yuan, remove 800 yuan of costs, and 3250 yuan of net incomes, increase income 2000 yuan than traditional nonoculture planting patterns.Garlic was sowed in early or mid October, was a band by 100～ll0cm, spacing in the rows l0～15cm, and line-spacing 15～20cm, plants 5～6 row.Band spacing (corn accounts for band) 60cm.Corn was sowed in early April, at interband kind 2 row corns, line-spacing 30～40cm, spacing in the rows 20～25cm.After the first tenday period of a month in May, garlic was gathered in the crops, at garlic stubble upper seeding wheel summer autumn wild cabbage, late September gathers in the crops.Garlic is selected Beijing purple garlic, and corn is selected Yuyu No.22, wild cabbage select in sweet No. 1 of sweet No. 16, capital etc.The corn of this pattern is kind the interband of 60cm between garlic band and garlic band, and wild cabbage is that kind is brought in garlic after garlic results, and corn gather after interband soil leave unused, fail to make full use of.And corn early April is just sowed, belong to positive season cultivation, economic benefit is not as precocious off-season cultivation of spring, and corn variety Yuyu No.22 is Common corn hybrid, and the output value is also not as glutinous (sweet) corn for dish.1 year 2 season 3 of this type genus receive, have good results, but the gross output value not as good as 1 year 2 seasons 4 receipts pattern.
" spring corn cover garlic " pattern of Chen Jinwei report, 600 kilograms, general per mu yield garlic, 500 kilograms of corns, than 500～800 yuan of the many receipts of nonoculture corn mu.Garlic can be sowed above 3 DEG C of daily mean temperatures, corn generally by the end of April, at the beginning of 5 months sowing.132 centimetre of one band, plants garlic 3 row, corn 2 row in every band, 20 centimetres of garlic line-spacings, and 40 centimetres of Row spacing of maizes, the line-spacing of garlic and corn is 26 centimetres.2～3 centimetres of garlic seed levels, 10～12 centimetres of spacing in the rows; Corn plants is apart from 27～30 centimetres, about every mu of 3700 strains.Garlic is selected purple garlic, and corn is selected Yedan No.13, middle list No. 2.This pattern be one seasons two receipts, corn and garlic harvest and have just no longer planted the vegetables second season, the gross output value is not high enough; And it is all for No. two general cross kind that corn is selected Yedan No.13, No. 2, middle list, wine list, be not so good as dish high by the output value of glutinous (sweet) corn.
Li Junping is reported in the Chuan Yuan irrigated area of plantation spring corn and promotes " spring wild cabbage-corn-garlic efficient between overlap cultivation mode ", spring wild cabbage started to grow seedlings in January 15 December 25 to next year, March 20 is to field planting on April 10, the listing of gathering successively May 20 to June 10.Corn carries out program request in April 20 to May 10, harvest time same field corn.Garlic mid-August, in corn evenly program request in the ranks, starts the garlic stems of gathering the first tenday period of a month May in next year, late May the head of garlic of gathering.Adopt 130 cm broadband type, carry out wide-and narrow-row plastic mulching, narrow row is apart from 50 cm, wide line-spacing (blanking bar) 70cm, arrowband plastic mulching, field planting wild cabbage on film, mulch film planted on two sides corn, the broadband garlic of planting.Wild cabbage spacing in the rows 25～27 cm, narrow row is apart from 50 cm, every mu 4 200～4 400 strains.In the middle of two in mulch film both sides wild cabbages of corn, carry out program request, every mu 2 800～3 200 strains.Garlic is planted between the blanking bar of corn, and each blanking bar is planted 4 row, seeding row spacing 15 × 15 cm, every mu of 30 000 strain left and right.Wild cabbage in selecting sweet No. l1,8398; Corn is selected Henan jade 22, Shen Dan No. 10; Garlic is selected white skin garlic.This pattern reality on the wide row open country of 70cm, be 1 year 1 season garlic, mid-August sowing, the garlic stems of gathering the first tenday period of a month in May, late May is received the head of garlic, but by the end of May to early August soil leave unused; The pattern that adopts mulch film wild cabbage cover corn in 50cm narrow row, is wild cabbage interplanting corns in mulch film both sides, program request corn in the middle of two wild cabbages; Late March is to early April field planting wild cabbage, late May to early June gathers, the first tenday period of a month in late April to May seeding corn, early August gathers, district's band of mulch film both sides wild cabbage interplanting corn in mid-March late August to next year soil also leave unused, fail to make full use of.And corn is selected Henan jade 22, Shen Dan No. 10, be all Common corn hybrid, the output value is not as the height of glutinous (sweet) corn for dish.
Jiangsu Rudong county " garlic-white waxy corn-wax gourd interplant Efficient Cultivation pattern ", average yield per mu garlic sprouts 2 000 kg, 4 000 yuan of the output values; The head of garlic 350 kg, 1400 yuan of the output values; Garlic stems 100 kg, 250 yuan of the output values; White waxy corn Chinese olive fringe 400～450 kg, 800～1000 yuan of the output values; Wax gourd 5500 kg, 2500 yuan of the output values.Average every per mu yield is worth more than 9 000 yuan.September, early and middle ten days was sowed the wide garlic sprouts of 133 cm, distance between rows and hills 6.7 cm × 6.7 cm, and mid or late September is planted 6 row garlics in the sown scope of 200 cm, distance between rows and hills 36 cm × (8～8.5) cm, mu is planted 22 000 ~ 20 000 strains.Garlic sprouts listing in 2～March of next year.In the empty width of late March after garlic sprouts results, do ridge, 50 cm place sowing 1 row waxy corns under reserved wax gourd row, cave is apart from 18～20 em, about every mu of 2 000 strains.Late April transplanting placed in the middle 1 row wax gourd, spacing in the rows 75 cm, mu is planted 240～300 strains.Early, garlic is selected granary white garlic to garlic sprouts variety adoption sclerophyll two water, and wax gourd is selected Guangdong casting skin wax gourd, and corn is selected Suyunuo No.1 or capital section glutinous 2000.This kind of pattern on 200cm broadband, be also 1 year 1 season garlic, on 133cm arrowband, take " garlic sprouts-wax gourd cover waxy corn " pattern that 2 seasons 3 received in a year, be garlic sprouts seedling the first season, be wax gourd interplanting waxy corn the second season.With first season of the present invention garlic cover plant vegetables with waxy corn, 1 year two Ji Sishou Efficient Cultivation pattern of overlapping wild cabbage after garlic and corn are gathered between second batch of autumn in kind summer Chinese cabbage are completely different.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides between a kind of garlic between glutinous (sweet) corn for set course, autumn in summer Chinese cabbage and overlap 1 year two Ji Sishou efficient cultivation method of wild cabbage, in the present invention due to two season vegetables all adopt intercropping and interplanting pattern, gather in the crops four kinds of vegetables, reach the effect of " 1 year two Ji Sishou, three anti-season ", thereby obtain higher economic benefit.
The present invention is achieved in that
(1) the fork phase arranges:
The first season, early glutinous (sweet) corn for cooked food of cover between garlic: the sowing of [garlic] early or mid October, the garlic stems of gathering the first tenday period of a month in May, head of garlic listing in June; Sowing at the beginning of [glutinous (sweet) corn for dish] mid-February to 3 month, early June, fresh corn can go on the market;
The second season, between autumn in summer Chinese cabbage, overlap wild cabbage: [Chinese cabbage] late May, late June, late July to early October went on the market in batches to field planting by the end of August to seeding and seedling raising by the end of July; [wild cabbage] the first tenday period of a month in May to early July is sowed, and mid-June, mid or late August, to listing in batches by the end of October, was seized market in dull season autumn in summer to field planting mid-August;
(2) interplanting method of employing science
The first season, garlic cover planted vegetables with glutinous (sweet) corn: 1m opens railway carriage or compartment, live garlic in the middle of the railway carriage or compartment, pearl is apart from 15cm, line-spacing 20cm, plant 3 row, plant approximately 23000 strains for every mu, glutinous (sweet) corn is planted in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, and cave is apart from 30cm, line-spacing 80cm, every railway carriage or compartment kind 2 row, plant approximately 3300 strains for every mu, corn capable with garlic at a distance of 20cm;
Between the second autumn last month of summer Chinese cabbage, overlap wild cabbage: site preparation and fertilization after garlic and harvest corn, wild cabbage is colonizated in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 90cm, plant approximately 3300 strains for every mu, Chinese cabbage is colonizated in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, plantation 2 row, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 30cm, plant approximately 3300 strains for every mu, wild cabbage and Chinese cabbage row are at a distance of 30cm, and wrong nest is cultivated (seeing schematic diagram);
(3) select suitable improved seeds
The first season precocious garlic select Garlic, the peaceful garlic of prestige, two water early, become the kinds such as garlic morning; The dish of interplanting with waxy corn select that glutinous corn variety that quality better, Resistant, output are high is as glutinous in: Guinuo 7, Qiannuo 768, Guizhou Province 668, Guizhou Province is glutinous 868, sweet corn has super sweet 2000, city beauty etc.;
The second autumn last month of summer Chinese cabbage kind of selecting heat-resisting, Resistant is as No. 1, emerging Yunnan, No. 2, emerging Yunnan, high resistance king-2, autumn in summer king etc.; Autumn in the summer wild cabbage of interplanting is selected the kind of heat-resisting, high yield, resistance, as: sweet No. 6 of Guizhou Province, summer king, Xia Guang etc.;
(4) cultivation method:
garlic:
1. plough, open railway carriage or compartment: plough and deeply reach 20～25 centimetres, after ploughing, harrow carefully, rake, before ploughing, execute 4000 kilograms of left and right of high-quality barnyard manure for every mu, 70 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15), 20 kilograms of potassium sulfates, open 100 centimetres, railway carriage or compartment, 30 centimetres of furrow widths, furrow are high 8～12 centimetres;
2. science sowing: the selected head of garlic, after 24 hours, pull sowing with 500 times of immersions bubbles of 50% carbendazol wettable powder out, when sowing, ditch dark 5～6 centimetres, 3～4 centimetres of blindings after cultivation garlic clove, water permeablely, spray one time weed killer herbicide;
3. field management: [urging seed manure]: after garlic tidy seedlings output, execute 1 light night soil and carry seedling; [Sheng fleshes up]: sow after 60～80 days, heavy dressing every mu 20～30 of people's animal manure load of becoming thoroughly decomposed for 1 time, adds sulphur ammonium 10kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 5kg; [pregnant a kind of sedge fertilizer]: plant the rotten imperial mother of garlic, sealing fertilizer 10～15kg; [head of garlic expand fertilizer]: when the head of garlic expands, mu is executed nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 5～10kg; [extermination of disease and insect pest]: the damage by disease and insect such as attention control gray mold, leaf blight, purple spot, garlic maggot, thrips; [results]: when garlic stems crotch is large scale hook-type, on leaf sheath, have 4～6 centimetres to become and micro-ly gather in the crops garlic stems when yellow, within about 18 days, gather in the crops the head of garlic after generally adopting a kind of sedge;
glutinous (sweet) corn for dish:
1. sowing: live in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, cave is apart from 30cm, 2 of every bunch planting kinds;
2. field management: the one, early execute and carry seed manure, transplant latter 5 days every mu execute the liquid dung (or natural pond liquid) clearly that becomes thoroughly decomposed and add urea 4-5kg, to promote the growth of root system; The 2nd, execute ingeniously strong stalk fertilizer, when corn 5-7 sheet leaf, mu is executed compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15kg and is added urea 5kg; The 3rd, granulated fertilizer is strengthened in heavy dressing, 3-4 days after corn heading, and mu sealing fertilizer 20-25kg, can significantly increase corn list bud heavy; The damage by disease and insect such as attention control leaf blight, helminthosporium maydis, smut, corn borer, black cutworm;
autumn in summer Chinese cabbage:
1. seeding and seedling raising: live or grow seedlings, note the scaffolding moisturizing of sheltering from heat or light, 10 left and right of live every nest sowing, lid fine earth 1～2cm, timely even seedling after emerging, final singling when 5～6 true leaves, retains seedlings and strong sprout; Grow seedlings 4～5 true leaves time get final product field planting;
2. field management: after field planting survives, execute the light dung polluted water water extraction seedling that once becomes thoroughly decomposed, rosette stage is executed urea or composite fertilizer, heading stage imposes composite fertilizer or urea 1-2 time depending on plant growing way, suitably increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, the damage by disease and insect such as attention control downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, aphid, Oeobia undalis, diamond-back moth, cabbage caterpillar;
autumn in summer wild cabbage:
1. seeding and seedling raising: adopt Nutrition Soil to grow seedlings, also floatability is grown seedlings; The formula of Nutrition Soil is 6 parts of field soil, 4 parts of farmyard manures that become thoroughly decomposed, and every cubic metre of Nutrition Soil adds 1 kg composite fertilizer, 80 g carbendazim, 100 g phoxims, mixes thoroughly and carries out Nutritive cube sterilization, after planting earthing, lid sunshade net;
2. field planting: while having 5～6 true leaves, the lower westerly zone soil field planting of choosing cloudy day, waters normal root water immediately;
3. field management: the every mu of urea 20kg that spreads manuer in holes after field planting survival, the granular fertile 100kg of ferment bacterium; Rosette stage chases after once again; Heading stage imposes composite fertilizer or urea 1-2 time according to plant growing way, and with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution foliage-spray 2 times; The damage by disease and insect such as attention control downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamond-back moth;
Two season of patent of the present invention, vegetables all adopted intercropping and interplanting pattern, and early glutinous (sweet) corn for cooked food, autumn in summer Chinese cabbage, three kinds of vegetables of autumn in summer wild cabbage be off-season cultivation, light and the listing in dull season autumn in summer respectively at the spring, reach the effect of " 1 year two Ji Sishou, three anti-season ", remarkable in economical benefits.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, compared with prior art, the present invention has as follows
advantage:
(1) " glutinous (sweet) corn for set course between garlic, autumn in summer between Chinese cabbage overlap wild cabbage " two Ji Sishou efficient cultivation methods, glutinous (sweet) corn for its mid-early maturity dish, autumn in summer, Chinese cabbage, three kinds of crops of autumn in summer wild cabbage were vegetables in improper season, due to reasonable arrangement the fork phase, take the interplanting method of science, improve Mode of sowing and seedling propagation, select adapted varieties, dish glutinous (sweet) corn can be gone on the market in the dull season of waxy corn, Chinese cabbage, wild cabbage can get the jump on listing in dull season autumn in summer, change the listing phase of traditional plantation, made economical, societal benefits all very remarkable.
(2) interplant is taking marginal effect, photosynthetic effect, dense planting effect as theoretical foundation, the mode that Different Crop is planted with certain line number, amplitude, band shape in same piece of land, can effectively utilize photo-thermal resource, extend plant growth sequential, improve the state of supply of field carbonic acid gas, artificially set up optimum population structure, improve photosynthetic effect, reach high yield synergy object.In the present invention due to two season vegetables all adopt intercropping and interplanting pattern, be glutinous (sweet) corn for set course between garlic the first season, corn is long-stalked crop, can not fight for space with the garlic of short bar, also can be garlic and plays the effect of sheltering from heat or light; Be to overlap wild cabbage between autumn in summer Chinese cabbage the second season, and Chinese cabbage only has about 70 days breeding time, and wild cabbage is about 100 days, and Chinese cabbage is gathered in advance for 1 month, does not affect wild cabbage balling output.The pattern year per mu yield value of this twice interplanting in year can reach 13300 yuan, than produce at present only carry out one season garlic interplanting corn pattern 3600 yuan of per mu yield values increase income 9700 yuan, than 2800 yuan of traditional mode garlic nonocultures, 2000 yuan of waxy corn nonocultures, just 3500 yuan of 3000 yuan of season Chinese cabbage nonocultures and wild cabbage nonocultures increase income respectively 10500 yuan, 11300 yuan, 10300 yuan, 9800 yuan (in table 1).
(3) first season is because garlic went on the market June, neither glutinous (sweet) corn growth for dish of impact interplanting, bloom, result and output thereof, and glutinous (sweet) corn date of seeding, is ahead of time to sowing at the beginning of mid-February to 3 month, early June gathers, than the listing in 1 month ahead of time of positive season waxy corn, economic benefit is higher, and dish is higher, profitable than the common hybrid maize output value with glutinous (sweet) corn.
(4) second season autumn in summer Chinese cabbage and wild cabbage in mid or late June to mid or late August field planting, go on the market when by the end of October on the occasion of high temperature leaf vegetables dull season autumn in summer mid-July, seize market in dull season in autumn vegetables summer; Except supply local market, also can export trade coastal area and city, hot-zone.Due to China southeastern coastal areas and city, inland " stove ", summer and autumn is hot and humid, leaf vegetables undergrowth, damage by disease and insect is serious, not only increase production cost, and residue of pesticide easily exceed standard, become nationwide happiness cool leaf vegetables supply dull season June to October.Therefore, this technology is utilized the climatic superiority that cools of Guizhou Plateau, adopts efficient interplanting mode development off-season no pollution cabbage and Chinese cabbage, and economic results in society are higher, and market prospects and application prospect are better.
(5) in former technology, never overlap wild cabbage by between glutinous (sweet) corn for set course between garlic, autumn in summer Chinese cabbage both at home and abroad, four kinds of crops are assembled in same year cultivation, form the efficient growing vegetables pattern of 1 year two Ji Sishou, three anti-season.
Note: drop into and comprise seed, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, artificial etc.
1, garlic: the head of garlic: 400 kilograms of output, 4 yuan/kilogram of wholesale prices, 1600 yuan/mu of the output values.Drop into 1990 yuan: seed 400(200 pound/acre * 2 yuan/jin), fertilizer 200, agricultural chemicals 60,
Artificial 980 yuan (plant 4 works, open railway carriage or compartment, 5 works of management, 5 works of gathering add up to 14 works, by 70 yuan/work), artificial 5 350 yuan of garlic stems.Garlic stems: 300 kilograms of output, 4 yuan/kilogram of wholesale prices, the output value 1200,
2, glutinous (sweet) corn for dish: 1000 kilograms of output, 2 yuan/kilogram of wholesale prices, drop into 1050 yuan of (seeds 100, fertilizer 200, agricultural chemicals 50, artificial 700 yuan (sow 1 work, open railway carriage or compartment, 5 works of management, 4 works of gathering add up to 10 works).
3, Chinese cabbage: 5000 kilograms of output, 1 yuan/kilogram of summer autumn cabbage wholesale price, positive season 0.6 yuan/kilogram of Chinese cabbage, drop into 1230 yuan of (seeds 30, fertilizer 300, agricultural chemicals 60, artificial 840 yuan (2 works of growing seedlings, open railway carriage or compartment, field planting, 5 works of management, 5 works of gathering add up to 12 works).
4, wild cabbage: 4300 kilograms of output, drop into 1600(seed 60, fertilizer 300, agricultural chemicals 80, artificial 910 yuan (2 works of growing seedlings, open railway carriage or compartment, field planting, 6 works of management, 5 works of gathering add up to 13 works).
The present invention and immediate prior art be Hexi prefecture " garlic, corn, three batches of interplanting patterns of wild cabbage " 1., ②Min He county " full mulched maize interplanting garlic " pattern, 3. Chuan Yuan irrigated area " spring wild cabbage-corn-garlic efficient between overlap cultivation mode " is compared, and has following difference:
(1) plantation fork arranges difference, causes output, the output value completely different.
1. Hexi prefecture garlic, corn, three batches of interplanting patterns of wild cabbage: corn was sowed in early April, and gather August, belong to positive season cultivation, and economic benefit is not as precocious off-season cultivation of spring, 500 kilograms of corn per mu yields, 400 yuan of the output values; And the soil after corn is gathered leaves unused, and does not connect succession crop.Garlic is sowed at early March, after the first tenday period of a month in May garlic results, at garlic stubble upper seeding wheel summer autumn wild cabbage, late September results.1 year 2 season 3 of this type genus receive, the every mu of results head of garlic 600～700kg, 1400 yuan of the output values, garlic shoot 550～650kg, 1500 yuan of the output values; Corn 500kg, 400 yuan of the output values; Wild cabbage 1500kg, 750 yuan of the output values, 4150 yuan of annual totals, remove 800 yuan of costs, only 3250 yuan of net incomes.
2. the pattern of the old spring corn cover garlic that enters to tie up report: corn was sowed at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April, October, results, belonged to positive season cultivation, per mu yield 500kg, only 800 yuan of per mu yield values; Garlic is received about August, per mu yield 600kg, 500～800 yuan of the output values.1 year 1 season 2 of this type genus receives, and corn and garlic just harvest and no longer planted the vegetables second season, 1300～1600 yuan of gross annual output values.
3. Chuan Yuan irrigated area " spring wild cabbage-corn-garlic efficient between overlap cultivation mode ": corn, in sowing on April 20 to May 10, starts to receive mid-August, belongs to positive season cultivation, only 800 yuan of per mu yield values; Garlic mid-August, sowing, started the garlic stems of gathering the first tenday period of a month May in next year, late May the head of garlic of gathering, 9000 yuan of per mu yield values, and by the end of May to early August soil leave unused; Spring wild cabbage started to grow seedlings in January 15 December 25 to next year, March 20 is to field planting on April 10, the listing of gathering successively May 20 to June 10,4000 kilograms of per mu yields, 3200 yuan of per mu yield values, district's band of wild cabbage interplanting corn in mid-March late August to next year soil also leave unused, fail to make full use of.13000 yuan of annual per mu yield values.
4. planting technology of the present invention: the first season
garlicearly March sowing, the garlic stems of gathering the first tenday period of a month in May, per mu yield 300kg, head of garlic listing in June, per mu yield 400kg, adds up to per mu yield 700kg, 2800 yuan of the output values; In advance sowing at the beginning of mid-February to 3 month of glutinous (sweet) corn for the dish of interplanting, early June, fresh corn can go on the market, per mu yield 1000kg, per mu yield is worth 2000 yuan; The second season, off-season Chinese cabbage was in late May to seeding and seedling raising by the end of July, and late June, late July to early October went on the market on the occasion of Xia Qiuye dish dull season in batches to field planting by the end of August, per mu yield 5000kg, 5000 yuan of per mu yield values; The off-season wild cabbage the first tenday period of a month in May to early July is sowed, and mid-June, mid or late August was to listing in dull season autumn in summer by the end of October, per mu yield 4300kg, 3500 yuan of per mu yield values to field planting mid-August.13300 yuan of annual four kinds of vegetables per mu yields values, remove 5620 yuan of costs, 7680 yuan of mu net incomes.
(2) vegetable species and the interplanting mode difference of interplanting, economic benefit differs larger.
1. Hexi prefecture garlic, corn, three batches of interplanting patterns of wild cabbage: this pattern is to receive in 1 year 2 season 3, be garlic cover corn the first season, interplanting corn, on the vacant lot of 60cm between garlic band and garlic band, is the interplanting between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment; Be wild cabbage the second season, only plants on the railway carriage or compartment face after garlic results the idle land after corn is gathered, not continuous kind of succession crop.Garlic, corn, the annual per mu yield value of wild cabbage are only 4150 yuan.
2. the pattern of the old mulched maize interplanting garlic that enters to tie up report: 132 centimetre of one band, in every band, plant garlic 3 row, corn 2 row, 20 centimetres of garlic line-spacings, 40 centimetres of Row spacing of maizes, the line-spacing of garlic and corn is 26 centimetres.10～12 centimetres of garlic spacing in the rows; Corn plants is apart from 27～30 centimetres, about every mu of 3700 strains.Only have 2 kinds of vegetables of corn and garlic the whole year, 600 kilograms, per mu yield garlic, 500 kilograms of corns, only than 500～800 yuan of the many receipts of nonoculture corn mu.
3. Chuan Yuan irrigated area " spring wild cabbage-corn-garlic efficient between overlap cultivation mode ": adopt 130 cm broadband type, carry out wide-narrow row planting, narrow row is apart from 50 cm, wide line-spacing (blanking bar) 70cm; The pattern that adopts mulch film wild cabbage cover corn in narrow row, is wild cabbage interplanting corns in mulch film both sides, wild cabbage spacing in the rows 25～27 cm, and narrow row is apart from 50 cm, every mu 4 200～4 400 strains; Program request corn in the middle of two wild cabbages, every mu of corn 2 800-3 200 strains; On wide line space band, be garlic, plantation 4 row, seeding row spacing 15 cm x15 cm, every mu of 30 000 strain left and right.Annual 3 kinds of vegetables per mu yield values add up to 13000 yuan.
4. the technology of the present invention, the first season, garlic cover planted vegetables with glutinous (sweet) corn: open 1 meter, railway carriage or compartment, live garlic between railway carriage or compartment, pearl line-spacing 15 × 20cm, plants 3 row; Glutinous (sweet) corn is planted in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, corn capable with garlic at a distance of 20cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing 80cm.Between the second autumn last month of summer Chinese cabbage, overlap wild cabbage: wild cabbage is colonizated in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 90cm; Chinese cabbage is colonizated in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, plantation 2 row, and spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 30cm, wild cabbage and Chinese cabbage row are at a distance of 30cm, and wrong nest is cultivated.Two season vegetables be all in railway carriage or compartment, to carry out intercropping and interplanting, all different from the interplanting mode of prior art, annual 4 kinds of total per mu yield values of vegetables reach 13300 yuan, 7680 yuan of net incomes.
(3) the vegetable variety difference of interplanting, economic benefit is also different.
In existing several technology, garlic is selected respectively Beijing purple garlic, white skin garlic, wild cabbage sweet No. 16, sweet No. 1 of capital in selecting, in sweet No. l1,8398 etc., corn is selected Yuyu No.22, No. two, wine list, No. 10, Shen Dan, corn variety is Common corn hybrid, per mu yield is generally 500kg, and per mu yield value is only 800 yuan.In the technology of the present invention garlic select precocity, adaptable Garlic, the peaceful garlic of prestige, two water early, become the kinds such as garlic morning; Autumn in summer, Chinese cabbage selected the kind of heat-resisting, moisture-proof, Resistant as high resistance king-2, autumn in summer king etc., per mu yield 5000kg, 5000 yuan of the output values; That autumn in summer wild cabbage is selected is heat-resisting, the kind of high yield, resistance is as sweet No. 6 of Guizhou Province, summer king, Xia Guang etc., per mu yield 4300kg, 3500 yuan of the output values; Dish with glutinous (sweet) corn select that Guinuo 7, Qiannuo 768, Guizhou Province are glutinous 668, Guizhou Province is glutinous 868, super sweet 2000, city beauty etc., these dishes are the fresh and tender fruit ear eating as vegetables with glutinous (sweet) corn, instead of ripe hard seed, the sticky soft delicate fragrance of its seed of waxy corn for dish, skin is thin without slag, Dissolve things inside is many, contain abundanter nutriment and better palatability, easily digest and assimilate, therefore the market price is 2 times of left and right of conventional corn, add and take precocious anti-season high-yield culturing, per mu yield reaches 1000kg, 2000 yuan of per mu yield values.
Figure of description: Fig. 1 is " glutinous (sweet) corn for set course between garlic, autumn in summer between Chinese cabbage overlap wild cabbage " cropping pattern schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention:
The provincial three-dimensional weather in Guizhou, has multiple climate type in a border of the county, suitable vegetables are season plantation and intercropping and interplanting more than a year.Guizhou Horticultural Research Institute in the Huishui County of 2011 to 2012 Dafang County in 1200～1800m high altitude localities, Guizhou Province, Nayong County and 900～1100m intermediate altitudes, 8 villages (towns)s of Fuquan City carry out garlic, glutinous (sweet) corn for dish, autumn in summer Chinese cabbage, autumn in summer wild cabbage four kinds of Different Crop interplantings, multiple cropping forks are connected test; Different Sowing Dates, setting date, the research of different Mode of sowing and seedling propagation; Carry out more than 30 Introduced Cultivars test; Carry out overlapping between garlic the tests such as the difference interplanting mode of overlapping wild cabbage between glutinous (sweet) corn, autumn in summer Chinese cabbage, interplanting time, cover plant number.Research sums up " between garlic, set course overlaps wild cabbage with between glutinous (sweet) autumn in corn-summer Chinese cabbage " two Ji Sishou high-efficient planting patterns.Within 2012 to 2013, demonstrate, promote more than 6400 mu in above-mentioned area, approximately 8,510 ten thousand yuan of the gross output values, approximately 4,915 ten thousand yuan of net incomes, obtain significant economic and social benefit.
Method is as follows:
(1) the fork phase arranges:
The first season, early glutinous (sweet) corn for cooked food of cover between garlic: the sowing of [garlic] early or mid October, the garlic stems of gathering the first tenday period of a month in May, head of garlic listing in June; Sowing at the beginning of [glutinous (sweet) corn for dish] mid-February to 3 month, early June, fresh corn can go on the market;
The second season, between autumn in summer Chinese cabbage, overlap wild cabbage: [Chinese cabbage] late May, late June, late July to early October went on the market in batches to field planting by the end of August to seeding and seedling raising by the end of July; [wild cabbage] the first tenday period of a month in May to early July is sowed, and mid-June, mid or late August, to listing in batches by the end of October, was seized market in dull season autumn in summer to field planting mid-August.
(2) interplanting method of employing science
The first season, garlic cover planted vegetables with glutinous (sweet) corn: 1m opens railway carriage or compartment, live garlic in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, and pearl is apart from 15cm, and line-spacing 20cm, plants 3 row, plants approximately 23000 strains for every mu.Glutinous (sweet) corn is planted in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, and cave is apart from 30cm, line-spacing 80cm, and every railway carriage or compartment kind 2 row, plant approximately 3300 strains for every mu.Corn capable with garlic at a distance of 20cm;
Between the second autumn last month of summer Chinese cabbage, overlap wild cabbage: site preparation and fertilization after garlic and harvest corn, wild cabbage is colonizated in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 90cm, plants approximately 3300 strains for every mu.Chinese cabbage is colonizated in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, plantation 2 row, and spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 30cm, plants approximately 3300 strains for every mu.Wild cabbage and Chinese cabbage row are at a distance of 30cm, and wrong nest is cultivated (see figure 1).
(3) select suitable improved seeds
The first season precocious garlic select Garlic, the peaceful garlic of prestige, two water early, become the kinds such as garlic morning; The dish of interplanting with waxy corn select that glutinous corn variety that quality better, Resistant, output are high is as glutinous in: Guinuo 7, Qiannuo 768, Guizhou Province 668, Guizhou Province is glutinous 868, sweet corn has super sweet 2000, city beauty etc.;
The second autumn last month of summer Chinese cabbage kind of selecting heat-resisting, Resistant is as No. 1, emerging Yunnan, No. 2, emerging Yunnan, high resistance king-2, autumn in summer king etc.; Autumn in the summer wild cabbage of interplanting is selected the kind of heat-resisting, high yield, resistance, as: sweet No. 6 of Guizhou Province, summer king, Xia Guang etc.
(4) cultivation method:
garlic:
1. plough, open railway carriage or compartment: plough and deeply reach 20～25 centimetres, after ploughing, harrow carefully, rake.Before ploughing, execute 4000 kilograms of left and right of high-quality barnyard manure, 70 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15), 20 kilograms of potassium sulfates for every mu.Open 100 centimetres, railway carriage or compartment, 30 centimetres of furrow widths, furrow are high 8～12 centimetres
2. science sowing: the selected head of garlic, steeps after 24 hours and pulls sowing out by 500 times of immersions of 50% carbendazol wettable powder.When sowing, ditch dark 5～6 centimetres, plant after garlic clove 3～4 centimetres of blindings, water permeablely, spray one time weed killer herbicide.
3. field management: [urging seed manure]: after garlic tidy seedlings output, execute 1 light night soil and carry seedling; [Sheng fleshes up]: sow after 60～80 days, heavy dressing every mu 20～30 of people's animal manure load of becoming thoroughly decomposed for 1 time, adds sulphur ammonium 10kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 5kg; [pregnant a kind of sedge fertilizer]: plant the rotten imperial mother of garlic, sealing fertilizer 10～15kg; [head of garlic expand fertilizer]: when the head of garlic expands, mu is executed nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 5～10kg; [extermination of disease and insect pest]: the damage by disease and insect such as attention control gray mold, leaf blight, purple spot, garlic maggot, thrips; [results]: when garlic stems crotch is large scale hook-type, while having 4～6 centimetres to become micro-yellow on leaf sheath, gather in the crops garlic stems.After generally adopting a kind of sedge, within about 18 days, gather in the crops the head of garlic.
glutinous (sweet) corn for dish:
1. sowing: live in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, cave is apart from 30cm, 2 of every bunch planting kinds.
2. field management: the one, early execute and carry seed manure, transplant latter 5 days every mu execute the liquid dung (or natural pond liquid) clearly that becomes thoroughly decomposed and add urea 4-5kg, to promote the growth of root system; The 2nd, execute ingeniously strong stalk fertilizer, when corn 5-7 sheet leaf, mu is executed compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15kg and is added urea 5kg; The 3rd, granulated fertilizer is strengthened in heavy dressing, 3-4 days after corn heading, and mu sealing fertilizer 20-25kg, can significantly increase corn list bud heavy.The damage by disease and insect such as attention control leaf blight, helminthosporium maydis, smut, corn borer, black cutworm.
autumn in summer Chinese cabbage:
1. seeding and seedling raising: live or grow seedlings, note the scaffolding moisturizing of sheltering from heat or light.10 left and right of live every nest sowing, lid fine earth 1～2cm, timely even seedling after emerging, final singling when 5～6 true leaves, retains seedlings and strong sprout; Grow seedlings 4～5 true leaves time get final product field planting.
2. field management: after field planting survives, execute the light dung polluted water water extraction seedling that once becomes thoroughly decomposed.Rosette stage is executed urea or composite fertilizer.Heading stage imposes composite fertilizer or urea 1-2 time depending on plant growing way, suitably increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.The damage by disease and insect such as attention control downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, aphid, Oeobia undalis, diamond-back moth, cabbage caterpillar.
autumn in summer wild cabbage:
1. seeding and seedling raising: adopt Nutrition Soil to grow seedlings, also floatability is grown seedlings.The formula of Nutrition Soil is 6 parts of field soil, 4 parts of farmyard manures that become thoroughly decomposed, and every cubic metre of Nutrition Soil adds 1 kg composite fertilizer, 80 g carbendazim, 100 g phoxims, mixes thoroughly and carries out Nutritive cube sterilization.After planting earthing, lid sunshade net.
2. field planting: while having 5～6 true leaves, the lower westerly zone soil field planting of choosing cloudy day, waters normal root water in time.
3. field management: the every mu of urea 20kg that spreads manuer in holes after field planting survival, the granular fertile 100kg of ferment bacterium; Rosette stage chases after once again; Heading stage imposes composite fertilizer or urea 1-2 time according to plant growing way, and with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution foliage-spray 2 times.The damage by disease and insect such as attention control downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamond-back moth.
Claims (1)
1. between glutinous sweet corn for set course between garlic, autumn in summer Chinese cabbage, overlap 1 year two Ji Sishou cultivation method of wild cabbage, it is characterized in that:
(1) the fork phase arranges:
The first season, set course glutinous sweet corn between garlic: the sowing of garlic early or mid October, the garlic stems of gathering the first tenday period of a month in May, head of garlic listing in June; Sowing at the beginning of glutinous sweet corn mid-February to 3 month for dish, early June, fresh corn can go on the market;
The second season, between autumn in summer Chinese cabbage, overlap wild cabbage: Chinese cabbage late May, late June, late July to early October went on the market in batches to field planting by the end of August to seeding and seedling raising by the end of July; The wild cabbage the first tenday period of a month in May to early July is sowed, and mid-June, mid or late August was to listing in batches by the end of October to field planting mid-August;
interplanting method
The first season, garlic cover planted vegetables with glutinous sweet corn: 1m opens railway carriage or compartment, live garlic in the middle of the railway carriage or compartment, and pearl is apart from 15cm, line-spacing 20cm, plant 3 row, plant approximately 23000 strains for every mu, corn is planted in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, and cave is apart from 30cm, line-spacing 80cm, every railway carriage or compartment kind 2 row, plant approximately 3300 strains for every mu, corn capable with garlic at a distance of 20cm;
Between the second autumn last month of summer Chinese cabbage, overlap wild cabbage: site preparation and fertilization after garlic and harvest corn, wild cabbage is colonizated in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 90cm, plant approximately 3300 strains for every mu, Chinese cabbage is colonizated in the middle of railway carriage or compartment, plantation 2 row, spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 30cm, plant approximately 3300 strains for every mu, wild cabbage and Chinese cabbage row are at a distance of 30cm, and wrong nest is cultivated;
(3) select suitable improved seeds
The first season precocious garlic select Garlic, the peaceful garlic of prestige, two water early, become early kind of garlic; The corn of interplanting selects that dish glutinous corn variety that quality better, Resistant, output are high is as glutinous in: Guinuo 7, Qiannuo 768, Guizhou Province 668, Guizhou Province is glutinous 868, and Sweet corn variety has super sweet 2000, city beauty;
The second autumn last month of summer Chinese cabbage kind of selecting heat-resisting, Resistant is as No. 1, emerging Yunnan, No. 2, emerging Yunnan, high resistance king-2, autumn in summer king; Autumn in the summer wild cabbage of interplanting is selected the kind of heat-resisting, high yield, resistance, as: sweet No. 6 of Guizhou Province, summer king, Xia Guang;
(4) cultivation method:
garlic:
1. plough, open railway carriage or compartment: plough and deeply reach 20～25 centimetres, harrow carefully, rake after ploughing, before ploughing, execute 4000 kilograms of high-quality barnyard manure for every mu, 70 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, 20 kilograms of potassium sulfates, open 100 centimetres, railway carriage or compartment, 30 centimetres of furrow widths, furrow are high 8～12 centimetres;
2. science sowing: the selected head of garlic, after 24 hours, pull sowing with 500 times of immersions bubbles of 50% carbendazol wettable powder out, when sowing, ditch dark 5～6 centimetres, 3～4 centimetres of blindings after cultivation garlic clove, water permeablely, spray one time weed killer herbicide;
3. field management: after garlic tidy seedlings output, execute 1 light night soil and carry seedling; Sow after 60～80 days, heavy dressing every mu 20～30 of people's animal manure load of becoming thoroughly decomposed for 1 time, adds sulphur ammonium 10kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 5kg; Plant the rotten imperial mother of garlic, sealing fertilizer 10～15kg; When the head of garlic expands, mu is executed nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 5～10kg; Attention control gray mold, leaf blight, purple spot, garlic maggot, thrips damage by disease and insect;
dish glutinous sweet corn:
1. sowing: live in face both sides, railway carriage or compartment, cave is apart from 30cm, 2 of every bunch planting kinds;
2. field management: the one, early execute and carry seed manure, transplant latter 5 days every mu execute become thoroughly decomposed clearly liquid dung or natural pond liquid and add urea 4-5kg, to promote the growth of root system; The 2nd, execute ingeniously strong stalk fertilizer, when corn 5-7 sheet leaf, mu is executed compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15kg and is added urea 5kg; The 3rd, granulated fertilizer is strengthened in heavy dressing, 3-4 days after corn heading, mu sealing fertilizer 20-25kg; Attention control leaf blight, helminthosporium maydis, smut, corn borer, black cutworm damage by disease and insect;
autumn in summer Chinese cabbage:
1. seeding and seedling raising: live or grow seedlings, the scaffolding moisturizing of sheltering from heat or light, 10 left and right of live every nest sowing, lid fine earth 1～2cm, timely even seedling after emerging, final singling when 5～6 true leaves, retains seedlings and strong sprout; Grow seedlings 4～5 true leaves time get final product field planting;
2. field management: after field planting survives, execute the light dung polluted water water extraction seedling that once becomes thoroughly decomposed, rosette stage is executed urea or composite fertilizer, heading stage imposes composite fertilizer or urea 1-2 time depending on plant growing way, suitably increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, attention control downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, aphid, Oeobia undalis, diamond-back moth, cabbage caterpillar damage by disease and insect;
autumn in summer wild cabbage:
Seeding and seedling raising: adopt Nutrition Soil to grow seedlings, also floatability is grown seedlings; The formula of Nutrition Soil is 6 parts of field soil, 4 parts of farmyard manures that become thoroughly decomposed, and every cubic metre of Nutrition Soil adds 1 kg composite fertilizer, 80 g carbendazim, 100 g phoxims, mixes thoroughly and carries out Nutritive cube sterilization; After planting earthing, lid sunshade net;
Field planting: while having 5～6 true leaves, the lower westerly zone soil field planting of choosing cloudy day, waters normal root water in time;
3. field management: the every mu of urea 20kg that spreads manuer in holes after field planting survival, the granular fertile 100kg of ferment bacterium; Rosette stage chases after once again; Heading stage imposes composite fertilizer or urea 1-2 time according to plant growing way, and with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution foliage-spray 2 times; Attention control downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease, aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamond-back moth damage by disease and insect.
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