CN105594442A - High-ridge close-planting whole-film drop irrigation no-tillage cultivation method of potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

At present, a potato production method remains in the traditional cultivation method; the traditional cultivation method is small in planting density, low in field utilization rate, obviously low in yield, lower in finished product harvesting yield and lower in economic benefit, and causes waste of land resources. The invention provides a one-film, three-row, one-hole and one-plant close-planting cultivation method of potatoes; films cover furrows, one film cover three rows of seeding strips, one plant is planted in one hole, and 12500 plants are planted in per mu of land; the planting density is reasonably increased, the field space is fully utilized, and supporting management is adopted, so that the per unit area yield of the potatoes is improved, and the economic income of farmers can be increased.

Description

The full film drip irrigation of a kind of potato high ridge dense planting no-tillage cultivation method

Technical field

Agricultural planting industry.

Background technology

At present, potato production method rests on traditional cultural method, and planting density is little, under the utilization rate of field, producesMeasure obviously lowlyer, results finished product fruit rate is lower, and economic benefit is lower, causes land resource waste. Developed country's potato yieldWhy far exceed world average level, wherein one of most important factor is exactly that these countries have generally been used high-qualityVirus-free seed potato, the potato of developed country produces, and it is the industry of a kind of high investment, high production that potato produces. PotatoThe input of producing mainly comprises that potato seed input, chemical fertilizer drop into, agricultural chemicals drops into, plant equipment drops into, labour drops into and other throwingsEnter. The input of potato seed, machinery and fixed assets is main inputs of developed country, and the part of China's input large percentage is to plantPotato, fertilizer (chemical fertilizer and farm manure), mechanization degree is very low. Mechanization degree is very low, with 70% of international most advanced levelCompare gap very far away. At seeding time, adopt the sowing of manual some seed, seeding quality is poor, and planting density cannot ensure. In the time of results,Conventionally adopt rough farm implements results, labour intensity is large, and mechanical damage weight directly affects presentation quality. Variety source is regional poorApart from larger, specific breed is few, and one of the main reasons is that cultural method falls behind Production requirement. The inventive method is potato one film threeRow one cave one strain planting culture method, furrow ridge overlay film, film band three row seedling bands, the cave strain of planting, mu 1.25 ten thousand strains of planting,Rationally improve planting density, make full use of space, field, add supporting management, improve potato per unit area yield, increase plantation family economyIncome.

Summary of the invention

The full film no-tillage cultivation of potato one film three row one cave one plant height ridge dense planting method is that high ridge covers ground in 4 meters of embanked fields4 film bands of film, overlay film on the furrow ridge, both sides, embanked field, full film covers, the 3 row seedling bands of planting on the ridge, embanked field, four film bands in the middle of embanked field, realThree row seedling bands on row film, the cave strain of planting, film band spacing 34cm, both sides row seedling band and furrow ridge spacing 35cm, each film band expertSeedling band spacing is 20cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, and actual the planting in 4 meters of embanked fields of standard is 15 row seedling bands, 4 meters of embanked fields have increased by 7 row seedling bands,One cave one strain, mu 12500 strains of planting, the high 25cm in ridge, the high 35cm in the ridge, embanked field, under-film drip irrigation, under herbicide film, seal no-tillage, thisPlant cultural method and be called the full film drip irrigation of " 4312 " high ridge high density no-tillage cultivation method, i.e. 4 meters of embanked fields, film 3 row seedling bands, a cave 1Strain, mu is kept a full stand of seedings more than 1.2 ten thousand strains.

Detailed description of the invention:

One, selection of land and whole ground

Select that the soil is porous is fertile, soil layer is deep, and irrigation and drainage are good, the neutrality of soil chiltern or subacidity level land and plot, gentle slope.Avoid continuous cropping and select solanaceous crops (as tomato, eggplant, capsicum) or beet, Chinese cabbage, wild cabbage etc. for front stub land piece, in case infect phaseSame disease. Preferably select corn, arrish. Previous crops is used long residual effect herbicide and is not crossed longevity of residure plot and can not plant potato(use rust as corn field and go to Tianjin). Without ploughing deeply plot, subsoiling basis, plough deeply or surface ploughing and deep digging by lying prostrate the autumn, then harrow, level land with this kind of tool, riseRidge, suppression, reach sowing state. Mollic adopts and ploughs deeply whole ground compared with heavy back piece, ploughs deeply 20～25 centimetres, and what mechanical forces was strong canPlough deeply to 40 centimetres; Mollic can adopt the whole ground of surface ploughing and deep digging compared with unfertile land piece, shallowly turns over 18～20 centimetres, 30～35 centimetres of subsoilings withOn; Have the plot of ploughing deeply subsoiling basis also can lie prostrate an autumn rake stubble ridging, good conditions for soil moisture's also can whole ground of spring, and the spring, whole ground will be at spring-time harrow morningDrag stubble-cleaning, reaches sowing state. Whole ground standard-required soil is in small, broken bits, and soil layer is defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, and ridge is to directly, and row spacing and ridge height are equalEven.

Two, potato seed is selected and is processed

Potato seed is selected: according to local ecological characteristic and different purposes and the market demand, select the high yield, disease-resistant, excellent through authorizationIn 2 generations of matter, are with interior standard virus-free seed potato. Dong Zuo district, south is selected: in the late-maturing kind of eating raw, No. 20, middle potato, No. 6, middle potato, anti-green grass or young cropsThe suitable Middle and southern part of Fujian province of 9-1(, the middle and south, Guangdong, the middle and south, Guangxi, south of Yunnan winter plant); Er Zuo district, Central Plains is selected: gramNew 25; Yi Jizuo district, northeast select: in late-maturing starch processing variety, the suitable Heilungkiang of eastern agriculture 310(, Jilin and east, the Inner MongolPortion), No. 19, middle potato (suitable northern Hebei, North Shaanxi, North of Shanxi and middle of Inner Mongolia etc.), No. 20 (suitable Hebei of middle potatoThe north, North Shaanxi, North of Shanxi and middle of Inner Mongolia etc.), potato No. 12 (suitable northern Hebei, North Shaanxi, Shan Xibei are opened in JiPortion and middle of Inner Mongolia etc.), potato is opened No. 14 in Ji; Yi Jizuo district, southwest is selected: in the late-maturing kind of eating raw, potato 11(is suitable in Hubei ProvinceWest of Hubei Province, Northern Yunnan, Xichang Sichuan, Wenchuan, Wanzhou prefecture of Chongqing, Wuxi, Ankang), the suitable West of Hubei Province of cloud potato 105(,Northwestern Guizhou, Southwest Sichuan portion, Chongqing East the north, Central Yunnan, northeast plantation), Guizhou Province taro No. 7 (suitable WESTERN GUIZHOU, westThe north, West of Hubei Province, central Sichuan and the west and south, Chongqing East the north, northeast of Yunnan and western part, the southwest spring such as the southeast, ShaanxiDo district's plantation); Yi Jizuo district, northwest is selected: day No. 11, potato (suitable Middle Gansu Province, east, south Ningxia, East of Qinghai Province etc.);Early-maturing variety is selected Dongnong303, great Bai, gram new 21 early, and that the kinds such as producing starch, vermicelli can be selected is gram new 12, gram new 15, gram new17, gram new 20, eastern agriculture 308, that processing potato chips kind can be selected is gram new 14, gram new 16, gram new 20, the Atlantic Ocean, processing French fries kindCan select gram new No. 1, gram new No. 17, the summer slope base of a fruit, optional gram of quick-frozen processing variety is new 18, eastern agriculture 307.

Potato seed processing: the one, warm-cold seed treatment: first by the preimpregnation 1 minute in the warm water of 40 DEG C～50 DEG C of potato kind, then put into 60In DEG C warm water, (ratio of potato seed and warm water is 1: 4) soaks 15 minutes. The 2nd, medicine seed soaking: with 50% carbendazim or 70% gram of dewThe potato seed of 800 times of immersion bubbles was dried sowing after 15 minutes. Adopt specialized potato seed coat agent Cotton seeds, can effectively prevent after plantingRotten kind, and can play sterilization, reduction Field diseases, the effect that improves emergence rate.

Three, sowing

Date of seeding: in the time that 10 centimetres of degree of depth surface soil layer temperature are stablized by 7～10 DEG C for continuous three days, can sow. The amount of broadcasting: artificialSow 3000～3600 kilograms/hectare; 3600～4000 kilograms/hectare of mechanical plantings. Seed level: depth of planting is 6～10 centimetres(from stem tuber top to Earth surface plane). Density: adopt ridge (film) apart from 34 centimetres, 20 centimetres of cultivations of seedling band, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows. Embanked fieldThe ridge is high 35 centimetres, and ridge is high 25 centimetres, and the general mu of strain of keeping a full stand of seedings is counted early-maturing variety and should be reached 1.2 ten thousand strains, and middle-late ripening variety should reach1.25 ten thousand strains. Concrete planting density can be determined according to kind. 4 film bands of high ridge covering film in 4 meters of embanked fields, the furrow ridge, both sides, embanked fieldUpper overlay film, the 3 row seedling bands of planting on the ridge, embanked field, four film bands in the middle of embanked field, carry out three row seedling bands on film, the cave strain of planting, filmBand spacing 34cm, both sides row seedling band and furrow ridge spacing 35cm, each film band expert seedling band spacing is 20cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, standard 4Rice embanked field actual planting is 15 row seedling bands, and 4 meters of embanked fields have increased by 7 row seedling bands, cave one strain, and mu 12500 strains of planting, ridge is high25cm, the high 35cm in the ridge, embanked field, under-film drip irrigation, seals no-tillage under herbicide film. This cultural method is called to " 4312 " high ridge highDensity drip irrigation no-tillage cultivation method, i.e. 4 meters of embanked fields, film 3 row seedling bands, cave 1 strain, mu is kept a full stand of seedings more than 1.2 ten thousand strains, flutters drip irrigation after kindBand covering film, not in 4 meters of embanked fields, makes 25 centimetres of high high ridges the ridge, embanked field.

Four, fertilising

Potato is high-yield crop, and fertilizer requirement is large. Advocate fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, true according to soil fertility and potato regulation of fertilizer requirementPhasing is answered dose, fertilization type and fertilizing method. Potato fertilization should be adhered to that farm manure and chemical fertilizer mix and used, and advocates and executes moreFarm manure. Farm manure is used in conjunction with ploughing wholely, fully mixes with topsoil, and chemical fertilizer does seed manure, and when sowing, trench digging is executed. Suitably supplementIn, trace element. The general mu of a farm manure amount of application is 3～5 tons, and every mu of dose is executed birch nanmu hardwood board potassium sulfate binary compound fertilizer 50Kilogram (N-25, P-0, K-35), 50 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (N-18, P-46, K-0). Wherein 70% fertilizer of total consumption can be executed by base,All the other do seed manure, spread fertilizer over the fields Di Zhengdan, 20% good fortune two in ridge. the medicaments such as chlopyrifos, in case cutworm, grub, mole cricket, wireworm etc.Subterranean pest-insect. Foliage fertilizer can be selected the high-quality foliage fertilizers such as mu potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g+100g diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, and envelope sprays 2-3 before ridgeInferior.

Five, potatoization control

The use of chemical control agent is mainly plot or the water and fertilizer condition particularly preferred plot high for the content of organic matter, run into high temperature orThe weather of few photograph can cause plant too tall and big, considerably beyond normal plant height, is commonly called as " excessive growth ". " the long seedling sprout of light is not tiedBeans ". Generally control plant excessive growth with paclobutrazol or cycocel, to reduce the nutrient consumption of cauline leaf, promote photosynthate toStem tuber transport accumulation. Also can use potato enlarging agent. Paclobutrazol can suppress the synthetic of plant inner gibberellin, delays to plantThe division of thing cell and expansion, thus the elongation of stem stalk suppressed, making that stem stalk is sturdy, internode shortens, it is short that plant height becomes, the excessive growth of plantBe controlled, reduced the inaction consumption of overground part cauline leaf nutrient, meanwhile, make thickening vanes, dark green leaf color, promotes photosynthateFormation and to underground part transport accumulation, thereby improve output and big-and-middle potato rate, generally increase production 10-15%, content of starch also has oneDetermine the raising of degree. More options were carried out to coming into bloom in the latter stage of buddingging. Generally reach kind itself at potato plant heightNormal plant height (Dongnong303-55cm; Kexin No.13 and No. 18-60cm of Ke Xin) time, can spray. Paclobutrazol normally 15% containsThe wettable powder of amount, spraying concentration is advisable with 60-90mg/L, and within the scope of this, along with the raising of spraying concentration, plant is downgradedEffect better. For the excessive growth of general degree, can play the effect of controlling plant excessive growth with the spraying concentration of 60mg/L, andFor the serious plant of excessive growth trend, adopting after large concentration sprays, still have prosperous long trend, can be in the spray medicine Zhou Houzai of being separated bySpray once.

Six, rationally use herbicide no-tillage

Before epiphragma, spray with 2000 times of liquid of 90% Acetochlor, 1500 times of liquid of 72% Dole. Broadcast rear use: (1), hectare are used600～800 grams of 90% 1.5～2.0 liters of Acetochlors (99.9% 1.5～1.7 liters of Acetochlors)+70% piperazine humulones; (2), hectare is used30～35 grams of 90% 1.5～2.0 liters of Acetochlors (99.9% 1.5～1.7 liters of Acetochlors)+75% thifensulfuronmethyls; (3), hectare is used600～800 grams of 1.8～2.5 liters+70% piperazine humulones of 72% isopropyl methoxalamine (all thats); (4), hectare seals with 68.6%(second. piperazine mixture) 1.8～2 liters; (5), 4.0～6.0 liters of 33% Pendimethalins (execute field benefit) for hectare, field is no-tillage.

Seven, disease control.

Amino-oligosaccharide: chitosan oligosaccharide can change soil microflora, promotes beneficial microorganism grow and suppressPhytopathogen. Chitosan oligosaccharide can be grown by stimulating plant, makes crops and fruit and vegetable volume increase good harvest. Chitosan oligosaccharide can inducing plantDisease resistance, multiple fungi, bacterium and virus are produced to immunity and killing action, to wheat mosaic, cotton verticillium wilt, waterThe diseases such as rice rice blast, tomato blight have good preventive and therapeutic effect. Meanwhile, chitosan oligosaccharide has one to various plants pathogenDetermine the direct repression of degree. Chitosan oligosaccharide has trace (PPM level), efficient, low cost, the feature such as nuisanceless in application,Significant to China's Agricul tural Sustain able Development. Amino-oligosaccharide (chitosan oligosaccharide) refer to D-Glucosamine with β-The compound sugar that 1.4 glycosidic bonds connect, obtains after shitosan degraded again by chitin degrading and makes, or extracted by microorganism fermentation lowPoisoning microbial inoculum. Amino-oligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) can produce inhibitory action to the growth of some germs, affects fungal sporeSprout, bring out that mycelia form morphs, biochemistry changes etc. in spore. Can excite plant vivo gene, generation has disease-resistantChitinase, dextranase, guarantor's element and the PR albumen etc. of effect, and have cell activation effect, the recovery of the plant that contributes to be injured,Short root strong sprout, strengthens the resistance of crop, and Promoting plant growth is grown. Amino-oligosacchride cellulose solution, has virus killing, kills bacterium, killsFungi effect. Not only fungi, bacterium, virus are had to extremely strong control and eradicant action, but also there is nutrition, adjusting, solutionMalicious, antibacterial effect. Can be widely used in the virus, thin of control fruit tree, vegetables, underground rhizome, tobacco, Chinese medicine and grain and cotton cropBacterium, fungus-caused mosaic disease, little leaf, spot disease, anthracnose, downy mildew, epidemic disease, climing rot, BYDV, rice blast, green grass or young cropsThe disease such as rot, soft rot. Use cold resistance, high temperature resistance, fighting drought, anti-saline and alkaline, anti-fertilizer damage, the gas of amino-oligosaccharide to cropAll there is good action the aspects such as harmful, anti-nutrient imbalance. This is because amino-oligosaccharide all produces crop itself and soil environmentGiven birth to many-sided good impact, such as amino-oligosaccharide induction does in the multiple resistance material of deposits yields, some have prevention,Alleviate or repair the injury effect of adverse circumstance to plant cell; Another amino-oligosaccharide can impel plant growth stalwartness, and healthy and strong plant certainlySo also there is stronger anti-adversity ability. S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate is a kind of plant bionic agricultural chemicals, and the content of general preparation is 80% S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate. SystemUse garlic P.E, the ethyl homologue of allicin, Effictive nuisancelless wide spectrum bionic fungicide, has plant growth regulating concurrently and doesWith, can promote rudiment, improve germination percentage, increase output and improve quality, be the preferred raw materials of composite bactericide agricultural chemicals. 1, quick-actingProperty, temperature is more than 25 DEG C, and 24 hours take effect, and within 72 hours, control disease. 2, active high, consumption is few, after measured at 50--260ppm concentration range, can effectively suppress cotton seedling blight, droop, verticillium wilt; Rice blast, bacterial leaf-blight, bakanae disease,Seedling rot, banded sclerotial blight; Corn northern and southern leaf blight, Huang Ye, wheat scab, stripe disease, bunt, the slow rot of watermelon, watermelon seedlingPhase disease, cucumber at seedling stage cotton disease, droop, gray mold, scab, downy mildew, soft rot of cabbage, bacterial wilt of ginger, tomato gray mouldDisease, bacterial wilt, capsicum epidemic disease and strawberry, the bighead atractylodes rhizome, ginseng, banana, apple, grape, pear tree, tealeaves, water chestnut, flowers, peanut is largeBeans, the multiple diseases on the crops such as sesame, effect is remarkable. Foliage-spray valid density is 80--260ppm, fills with root concentration and reduces by half.S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate mechanism uniqueness, with other bactericide without cross resistance, compound synergic 40%--70%.

Prochloraz is a kind of wide-spectrum bactericide, and the disease that various crop is caused by sac fungus and Fungi Imperfecti has significantlyPreventive effect, also can be mixed with most of bactericide, Insecticides (tech) & Herbicides (tech), all has good prevention effect. To field crop, waterMultiple diseases on fruit vegetable, turf and ornamental plant has treatment and eradicant action. Non-harmful product, should first shake up before useDilute again, join i.e. use, conventional control gourd, fruit and vegetable anthracnose, the leaf spot of using. Also can prevent and treat bakanae disease of rice, rice blastDeng. Citrus anthracnose, blossom-end rot, penicilliosis, green mould, banana anthracnose, leaf spot, mango anthracnose, leaf spot of peanut, pepperyThe vegetables anthracnose such as green pepper, eggplant, muskmelon, tomato, Strawberry anthracnose, sclerotinia rot of colza, leaf spot, mushroom brown spot, apple charcoalSubcutaneous ulcer disease, pear scab etc. Be insoluble in water, be soluble in acetone, ethanol, dimethylbenzene equal solvent. Common preparation has 25% Prochloraz missible oilThe Shi Baoke of the BASF (, make hectogram), 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion), 50% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex can wet-milling (making hundred merits), 63.5% miaowFresh amine manganese salt carbendazim can wet-milling (hundred merits), the green happy missible oil of 46% chitin Prochloraz (in reached for the 5th season), and 20% silicon azoles miaow is freshAmine (the immense high-tech in Qingdao).

Flusilazole is the systemic fungicide of triazole type, have protection and therapeutic action, permeability is strong, can prevent and treat sac fungus,The disease that basidiomycetes and part Fungi Imperfecti cause. Imported product is 40% missible oil, trade name lucky star. Can be used for interior absorption sterilization. CanSuppress sterol demethylation. Mainly can be used for preventing and treating Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti fungi are effective, star as black in appleBacterium, Powdery Mildew, the wheat class nuclear cavity bacteria of Cereal, Septoria bacterium, snag shell bacterium etc., the various cause of diseases on Guignardia and sweet LayBacterium, leaf spot of peanut, efficient to sclerotinia rot of colza. Triazole bactericidal agent, destroys and stops the biosynthesis of ergosterol, causesCell membrane can not form, and makes germ death. Effective to disease due to sac fungus, basidiomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti, invalid to oomycetes, to pearsScab has special efficacy, with 40% missible oil 8000-10000 times of liquid spraying, every spray in 7-10 days 1 time, connects and sprays 3 one 4 times.

Thiodiazole-copper low toxicity. To people, animal, fish, bird, honeybee, frog, have a mind to biological, natural enemy and Crop securify, to environment withoutPollute. 20% dragon gram bacterium (Thiodiazole-copper) SC mainly prevents and treats bacterial diseases of plants, and experiment and demonstration is promoted the crop pest of registrationComprise bacterial blight of rice, bacterial stripe, citrus ulcer, citrus scab, soft rot of cabbage, the bacillary angle of cucumber spotDisease, watermelon blight, sigatoka, Solanaceae bacterial wilt. Prevent and treat other object: 1, vegetables: canker of tomato, tomato green grass or young crops are witheredDisease, the brown line disease of eggplant, eggplant verticillium wilt, cowpea droop, shallot soft rot, garlic purple spot, cabbage soft rot, Chinese cabbageBacterial angular leaf spot, Chinese cabbage bacterial leaf spot, wild cabbage bacterioid black spot. 2, melon: wax gourd epidemic disease, wax gourd witherDisease, squash marble dust, pumpkin spot disease, cucumber rhizoctonia rot, cucumber samping off, cucumber downy mildew, cucumber leaf rot, the black star of cucumberDisease, cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot, cucumber Bacterial Leaf Blight, muskmelon scab, muskmelon leaf rot, bitter gourd wilt, watermelon are thinBacterium property angular leaf spot, watermelon blight, the climing rot of watermelon. 3, paddy rice: bacterial Footrot etc. 4, fruit tree: alternaria leaf spot of apple,Peach gummosis etc.

(1), late blight: premorbid adds amino-oligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) or 80% with 500 times of liquid of 80% MancozebSpray gram adds amino-oligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) or 80% large raw 600～800 times of liquid of amino-oligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) that addSpray control; After morbidity, add the Ke Lujia amino of amino-oligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) or 72% with 25% or 35% metalaxylOligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) or 75% Bravo add the Sandofan ammonification of amino-oligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) or 64%1500～2250 grams of the wettable powder per hectare consumptions such as base oligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide), the 50 liters of dilutions that add water spray anti-Control, every spray in 7 days once, Alternative Dressing Change, in case use same medicament fungi to develop immunity to drugs.

(2), virosis: available antiviral S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate or 2% Junkeduke of adding for No. 1 adds 300 times of liquid spraying controls of S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate.

(3), ring rot: cutting knife sterilization and medicament seed soaking. When stripping and slicing sowing, cutting knife disappears with 70% alcohol or 5% Lysol waterPoison, simultaneously by 0.1 kilogram of 75% Bravo and 1 kilogram of talcum powder and trace element for 100 kilograms of potato seeds (as molybdenum, boron, copper, zinc,Magnesium) seed dressing sterilization.

Eight, pest control

Amino-oligosaccharide improves insecticidal activity and conventional pesticide formulation and the application method using of repellent activity is difficult to make agricultural chemicalsFully touching target insect, is more to remain in environment, causes waste, and contaminated environment, causes danger to human healthEvil. Just become so how to improve the sustained release performance of pesticide the problem of needing solution badly.

The insect pest of potato is mainly aphid, 28 star ladybug and subterranean pest-insects. Mainly prevent and treat method:

(1), control of aphids is narrowed and is added 2000 times of liquid of amino-oligosaccharide or 10% Imidacloprid to add amino-oligosaccharide wettable with 40% buttocks worm1000 times of liquid of property pulvis are prevented and treated.

(2), 28 star ladybugs to add amino-oligosaccharide spraying with 2000 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid+fenvalerates of 80% metrifonate anti-Control, add 10 milliliters of sprayings of every mu of use of amine amino-oligosaccharide with 20% chlorine worm benzoyl, find that adult starts control.

(3) subterranean pest-insect is mainly mole cricket, grub and cutworm, can use at seeding time 5% phoxim granule2000g/ mu is mixed fertile control, or field champion granule 900g～1500g/ mu is mixed fertilizer.

Nine, results

When leaf flavescence, just can dig out potato, (1), harvest time: general early-maturing variety early July, middle-late ripening variety SeptemberPlay receipts the middle ten days and the last ten days. Results chemistry the last week kills seedling or cuts seedling. (2), harvesting method: regain drip irrigation zone before results, machinery or artificialResults. Artificial broken ridge, requires to plow just, does not run stubble, and inclined to one side moisture in the soil, hugs and only choose light. Potato after results is at Piling up in Field blindingPreserve, prevent from shining into blue or green potato. (3), storage: nighttime temperature is down to when subzero, cleans into cellar for storing things, chooses the rotten potato of disease. Cellar for storing things storage potatoCapacity should not exceed cellar for storing things inner capacities 2/3rds, cellar for storing things temperature control at 1 DEG C～3 DEG C, humidity is controlled at 85%～90%. In cellar for storing things, wantVentilate and regulate humidity and temperature at any time.

Claims (1)

1. the full film drip irrigation of potato high ridge dense planting no-tillage cultivation method

The full film drip irrigation of potato one film three row one cave one plant height ridge dense planting no-tillage cultivation method, is primarily characterized in that: at 4 meters of furrow4 film bands of high ridge covering film in field, overlay film on the furrow ridge, both sides, embanked field, full film covers, and the 3 row seedling bands of planting on the ridge, embanked field, in embanked fieldBetween four film bands, carry out three row seedling bands on film, the cave strain of planting, film band spacing 34cm, both sides row seedling band and furrow ridge spacing35cm, each film band expert seedling band spacing is 20cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, actual the planting in 4 meters of embanked fields of standard is 15 row seedling bands, 4 meters of embanked fieldsIncrease by 7 row seedling bands, cave one strain, mu 12500 strains of planting, the high 25cm in ridge, the high 35cm in the ridge, embanked field, under-film drip irrigation, herbicide filmLower sealing is no-tillage;

This cultural method is called to the full film drip irrigation of " 4312 " high ridge dense planting no-tillage cultivation method, i.e. 4 meters of embanked fields, film 3 row seedling bands,One cave 1 strain, mu is kept a full stand of seedings more than 1.2 ten thousand strains,

Detailed description of the invention:

One, selection of land and whole ground

Select that the soil is porous is fertile, soil layer is deep, and irrigation and drainage are good, the neutrality of soil chiltern or subacidity level land and plot, gentle slope;

Avoid continuous cropping and select solanaceous crops (as tomato, eggplant, capsicum) or beet, Chinese cabbage, wild cabbage etc. for front stub land piece, in case senseDye identical disease; Preferably select corn, arrish; Previous crops is used long residual effect herbicide and is not crossed longevity of residure plot and can not plant Ma LingPotato (use rust as corn field and go to Tianjin); Without ploughing deeply plot, subsoiling basis, plough deeply or surface ploughing and deep digging by lying prostrate the autumn, then harrow, level land with this kind of tool, riseRidge, suppression, reach sowing state; Mollic adopts and ploughs deeply whole ground compared with heavy back piece, ploughs deeply 20～25 centimetres, and what mechanical forces was strong canPlough deeply to 40 centimetres; Mollic can adopt the whole ground of surface ploughing and deep digging compared with unfertile land piece, shallowly turns over 18～20 centimetres, 30～35 centimetres of subsoilings withOn; Have the plot of ploughing deeply subsoiling basis also can lie prostrate an autumn rake stubble ridging, good conditions for soil moisture's also can whole ground of spring, and the spring, whole ground will be at spring-time harrow morningDrag stubble-cleaning, reaches sowing state; Whole ground standard-required soil is in small, broken bits, and soil layer is defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, and ridge is to directly, and row spacing and ridge height are equalEven;

Two, potato seed is selected and is processed

Potato seed is selected: according to local ecological characteristic and different purposes and the market demand, select the high yield, disease-resistant, excellent through authorizationIn 2 generations of matter, are with interior standard virus-free seed potato; Dong Zuo district, south is selected: in the late-maturing kind of eating raw, No. 20, middle potato, No. 6, middle potato, anti-green grass or young cropsThe suitable Middle and southern part of Fujian province of 9-1(, the middle and south, Guangdong, the middle and south, Guangxi, south of Yunnan winter plant); Er Zuo district, Central Plains is selected: gramNew 25; Yi Jizuo district, northeast select: in late-maturing starch processing variety, the suitable Heilungkiang of eastern agriculture 310(, Jilin and east, the Inner MongolPortion), No. 19, middle potato (suitable northern Hebei, North Shaanxi, North of Shanxi and middle of Inner Mongolia etc.), No. 20 (suitable Hebei of middle potatoThe north, North Shaanxi, North of Shanxi and middle of Inner Mongolia etc.), potato No. 12 (suitable northern Hebei, North Shaanxi, Shan Xibei are opened in JiPortion and middle of Inner Mongolia etc.), potato is opened No. 14 in Ji; Yi Jizuo district, southwest is selected: in the late-maturing kind of eating raw, potato 11(is suitable in Hubei ProvinceWest of Hubei Province, Northern Yunnan, Xichang Sichuan, Wenchuan, Wanzhou prefecture of Chongqing, Wuxi, Ankang), the suitable West of Hubei Province of cloud potato 105(,Northwestern Guizhou, Southwest Sichuan portion, Chongqing East the north, Central Yunnan, northeast plantation), Guizhou Province taro No. 7 (suitable WESTERN GUIZHOU, westThe north, West of Hubei Province, central Sichuan and the west and south, Chongqing East the north, northeast of Yunnan and western part, the southwest spring such as the southeast, ShaanxiDo district's plantation); Yi Jizuo district, northwest is selected: day No. 11, potato (suitable Middle Gansu Province, east, south Ningxia, East of Qinghai Province etc.);

Potato seed processing: the one, warm-cold seed treatment: first by the preimpregnation 1 minute in the warm water of 40 DEG C～50 DEG C of potato kind, then put into 60 DEG C of temperatureIn water, (ratio of potato seed and warm water is 1: 4) soaks 15 minutes; The 2nd, medicine seed soaking: with 800 times of 50% carbendazim or 70% gram of dewThe potato seed of immersion bubble was dried sowing after 15 minutes; Adopt specialized potato seed coat agent Cotton seeds, can effectively prevent after planting rotten kind,And can play sterilization, reduction Field diseases, the effect that improves emergence rate;

Three, sowing

Date of seeding: in the time that 10 centimetres of degree of depth surface soil layer temperature are stablized by 7～10 DEG C for continuous three days, can sow; The amount of broadcasting: artificialSow 3000～3600 kilograms/hectare; 3600～4000 kilograms/hectare of mechanical plantings; Seed level: depth of planting is 6～10 centimetres(from stem tuber top to Earth surface plane); Density: adopt 34 centimetres of row spacings, 20 centimetres of cultivations of seedling band, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows; The ridge, embanked field is high35 centimetres, ridge is high 25 centimetres, and the general mu of strain of keeping a full stand of seedings is counted early-maturing variety and should be reached 1.2 ten thousand strains, and middle-late ripening variety should reach 1.25 ten thousandStrain; Concrete planting density can be determined according to kind; 4 film bands of high ridge covering film in 4 meters of embanked fields, both sides, embanked field are covered on the furrow ridgeFilm, the 3 row seedling bands of planting on the ridge, embanked field, four film bands in the middle of embanked field, carry out three row seedling bands on film, the cave strain of planting, film interbandApart from 34cm, both sides row seedling band and furrow ridge spacing 35cm, each film band expert seedling band spacing is 20cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, 4 meters of furrow of standardActual the planting in field is 15 row seedling bands, and 4 meters of embanked fields have increased by 7 row seedling bands, cave one strain, mu 12500 strains of planting, the high 25cm in ridge, furrowThe high 35cm of ridge, under-film drip irrigation, seals no-tillage under herbicide film; This cultural method is called to " 4312 " high ridge high density drip irrigationNo-tillage cultivation method, i.e. 4 meters of embanked fields, film 3 row seedling bands, cave 1 strain, mu is kept a full stand of seedings more than 1.2 ten thousand strains, flutters drip irrigation zone and cover ground after kindFilm;

Four, fertilising

The general mu of a farm manure amount of application is 3～5 tons, and every mu of dose is executed 50 kilograms of birch nanmu hardwood board potassium sulfate binary compound fertilizers, phosphorus50 kilograms of acid two ammoniums; Wherein 70% fertilizer of total consumption can be executed by base, and all the other do seed manure, spreads fertilizer over the fields Di Zhengdan, 20% good fortune pair in ridge. poison with poisonThe medicaments such as tick, in case subterranean pest-insects such as cutworm, grub, mole cricket, wireworms; Foliage fertilizer can be selected mu potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100gThe high-quality foliage fertilizers such as+100g diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, envelope sprays 2-3 time before ridge;

Potatoization control

Generally, in the time that potato plant height reaches the normal plant height 55cm-60cm of kind itself, can spray; Paclobutrazol is commonBe the wettable powder of 15% content, spraying concentration is advisable with 60-90mg/L, within the scope of this, and along with the raising of spraying concentration,The effect that plant is downgraded is better; For the excessive growth of general degree, can play and control plant excessive growth with the spraying concentration of 60mg/LEffect, and for the serious plant of excessive growth trend, after adopting large concentration to spray, still have prosperous long trend, can be in spray medicine phaseSpray once every a Zhou Houzai;

Six, rationally use herbicide no-tillage

Before epiphragma, spray with 2000 times of liquid of 90% Acetochlor, 1500 times of liquid of 72% Dole; Broadcast rear use: (1), hectare are used600～800 grams of 90% 1.5～2.0 liters of Acetochlors (99.9% 1.5～1.7 liters of Acetochlors)+70% piperazine humulones; (2), hectare is used30～35 grams of 90% 1.5～2.0 liters of Acetochlors (99.9% 1.5～1.7 liters of Acetochlors)+75% thifensulfuronmethyls; (3), hectare is used600～800 grams of 1.8～2.5 liters+70% piperazine humulones of 72% isopropyl methoxalamine (all thats); (4), hectare seals with 68.6%(second. piperazine mixture) 1.8～2 liters; (5), 4.0～6.0 liters of 33% Pendimethalins (execute field benefit) for hectare, field is no-tillage;

Seven, disease control

(1), late blight: premorbid adds amino-oligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) or 80% spray gram with 500 times of liquid of 80% MancozebAdd amino-oligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) or 80% large raw 600～800 times of liquid of amino-oligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) that add sprayControl; After morbidity, add the Ke Lujia amino-oligosacchride of amino-oligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) or 72% with 25% or 35% metalaxylThe Sandofan that element (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) or 75% Bravo add amino-oligosaccharide (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide) or 64% adds amino few1500～2250 grams of the wettable powder per hectare consumptions such as sugar element (agricultural level chitosan oligosaccharide), the 50 liters of dilutions that add water spray control, everyEvery spray in 7 days once, Alternative Dressing Change, in case use same medicament fungi to develop immunity to drugs;

(2), virosis: available antiviral S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate or 2% Junkeduke of adding for No. 1 adds 300 times of liquid spraying controls of S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate;

(3), ring rot: cutting knife sterilization and medicament seed soaking;

When stripping and slicing sowing, 70% alcohol or 5% Lysol water sterilization for cutting knife, simultaneously by 100 kilograms of 75% Bravos 0.1 for potato seedKilogram and 1 kilogram of talcum powder and trace element (as molybdenum, boron, copper, zinc, magnesium) seed dressing sterilization;

Eight, pest control

The insect pest of potato is mainly aphid, 28 star ladybug and subterranean pest-insects; Mainly prevent and treat method:

(1), control of aphids is narrowed and is added 2000 times of liquid of amino-oligosaccharide or 10% Imidacloprid to add amino-oligosaccharide wettable with 40% buttocks worm1000 times of liquid of property pulvis are prevented and treated;

(2), 28 star ladybugs add amino-oligosaccharide spraying control, use with 2000 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid+fenvalerates of 80% metrifonate20% chlorine worm benzoyl adds 10 milliliters of sprayings of every mu of use of amine amino-oligosaccharide, finds that adult starts control;

(3) subterranean pest-insect is mainly mole cricket, grub and cutworm, can use at seeding time field champion granule 900g～1500g/ mu is mixed fertilizer;

Nine, results

When leaf flavescence, just can dig out potato, (1), harvest time: general early-maturing variety early July, middle-late ripening variety SeptemberPlay receipts the middle ten days and the last ten days; Results chemistry the last week kills seedling or cuts seedling; (2), harvesting method: regain drip irrigation zone before results, machinery or artificialResults; Artificial broken ridge, requires to plow just, does not run stubble, and inclined to one side moisture in the soil, hugs and only choose light; Potato after results is at Piling up in Field blindingPreserve, prevent from shining into blue or green potato; (3), storage: nighttime temperature is down to when subzero, cleans into cellar for storing things, chooses the rotten potato of disease; Cellar for storing things storage potatoCapacity should not exceed cellar for storing things inner capacities 2/3rds, cellar for storing things temperature control at 1 DEG C～3 DEG C, humidity is controlled at 85%～90%, cellar for storing things in wantVentilate and regulate humidity and temperature at any time.