WO2019113991A1

WO2019113991A1 - Mechanized potato full-film furrow-ridge cultivation method

Info

Publication number: WO2019113991A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/117017
Authority: WO
Inventors: 余泳波
Original assignee: 南通市通州区十总镇益胜农机专业合作社
Priority date: 2017-12-13
Filing date: 2017-12-18
Publication date: 2019-06-20

Abstract

A mechanized potato full-film furrow-ridge cultivation method, comprising the steps of: site selection and land treatment, preparation of potato seedlings, planting, protection, and harvesting. The method can plant potatoes in a large area by using the existing machineries, thereby realizing efficient and rapid planting, increasing the output per mu; due to use of machinery, labor cost is reduced and high speed adoption is realized, thus being advantageous for large-scale operation and industrialization of agricultural machinery services.

Description

Potato mechanized whole film furrow cultivation method

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for cultivating full-film furrow of potato mechanization.

Background technique

The potato is a perennial herb of the Solanaceae family, and the tubers are edible. It is the fourth most important food crop in the world, second only to wheat, rice and corn. In 2015, China will launch the strategy of potato main grain, and promote the processing of potatoes into steamed bread. For staple foods such as noodles and rice noodles, potatoes will become another staple food other than rice, wheat and corn. Compared with wheat, corn and rice, potato whole powders are stored for a longer period of time. They can be stored for more than 15 years at room temperature. Powder is listed as a strategic reserve grain. With the rapid increase of the global population, traditional potato cultivation methods are not suitable for the high-yield and high-efficiency requirements of modern agriculture.

Summary of the invention

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION: The object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a method for cultivating a full-film ridge of potato.

Technical solution: a method for potato mechanized whole-membrane furrow cultivation, steps of cultivation method:

(1) Preparation before sowing:

The soil in which the potato is planted is suitable for selecting the slightly acidic soil, the soil is loose and fertile, the permeability is good, and the micro-acid loam or light sand soil with convenient drainage is suitable. The potato should not be continuously cropped, and the plot of the potato should not be continuous for 2-3 years. Potatoes should also avoid continuous cropping with other solanaceous crops (such as pepper, eggplant, tomato, tobacco, etc.) and other root and tuber crops; potatoes are susceptible to disease and must be associated with crops that do not have disease, such as Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, etc. Implement crop rotation to reduce the occurrence of diseases;

The land is required to be leveled. The ploughing and hoeing will be carried out within 10-15 days after the harvest of the raft before the autumn, and the ploughing will be used to turn the ploughing. The ploughing depth will reach 20-25 cm, and the ploughing will be carried out within 2 days after ploughing, and the land will be disinfected at the same time; Before planting, it should be shallowly ploughed, leveled on the surface, and rotated by a rotary tiller. The depth of the ploughing reaches 15 to 20 cm. The ground level is flat, no roots, no slag, no residual film, and the farmyard manure, fertilizer and pesticide are evenly scattered. On the surface, re-inject into the soil to mix the fertilizer, medicine and soil;

2) Disinfection:

The dicing tools used are sterilized with 0.5% potassium permanganate; the buds should not be too small, and the weight of each bud should not be less than 30 grams. The cut potato pieces are mixed with the ash, so that the incisions are evenly stained with the ash. Then planting;

3) Film mulching: seeding with a full-film ditch planter, 2 rows, row spacing 50-60cm, plant spacing 20-40cm, seeding depth 8-13cm, and then covering the soil trenches; the soil-removing mechanism on the planter is 2 The soil is taken from the middle of the seed potato. After the soil is taken, a groove with a width of 25 to 30 cm and a depth of 10 to 15 cm is formed. At the same time, the planted land is covered by a filming device on the planter with a width of 120 to 150 cm; The soil and soil separation mechanism covers the finely divided soil in the ditch and the row, wherein the height of the soil above the planting line is 3 to 5 cm; the half of the whole membrane ditch planter is pressed to the covered 15 cm. On the edge of the wide film, there is no gap between the two rows of mulch; the mulching and soil-covering mechanism of the full-membrane ditch planter covers the 3-5 cm soil on the top of the seed potato;

4) Protection: According to the condition of the potato, determine whether it is necessary to add fertilizer or remove the disease. If necessary, use the combination of fertilization and disease control, use wheeled tractor, the wheel walks on the small ridge, and the nozzle is set according to the corresponding line spacing. ;

5) Harvest of potato; harvesting period: After the frost at the end of autumn, the color of the leaves turns yellow and turns to dry, reaching physiological maturity; most of the plants turn yellow and gradually wither, the stolons are separated from the potato, and the tubers form a thicker cork layer. The tubers stop weight gain and can be harvested; killing: cut the stems 1 day before harvesting; the field humidity is large or the soil is wet and sticky, and the stems are cut off 2-5 days before harvest to facilitate evaporation of soil moisture. Harvest; killing machine requirements: kill rate ≥ 95%, do not hurt the mulch; harvest: using a potato excavator to excavate.

The land is disinfected with 50% carbendazim WP 2 kg per acre mixed with lime 20 kg to 30 kg, and grass ash 40 kg to 60 kg sprinkled into the field.

The farmyard manure is a farmer's fertilizer such as fertilized horse manure and over-circle fertilizer, and the farmer's fertilizer per acre is 2000-3000kg.

The chemical fertilizer includes: 7-8 kg of magnetized fertilizer, 2-3 kg of urea, 2-3 kg of diammonium, 1-1.5 kg of biological potassium, and 1-1.5 kg of activated phosphorus. The fertilizer is first stirred evenly before use, and the farmer's fertilizer is evenly stirred.

The pesticides include: insecticides, detoxification drugs, and herbicides, which are mixed into the soil together with the fertilizer.

Advantageous Effects: The invention discloses a potato mechanized full-film furrow cultivation method, which can use the existing existing machinery to plant potatoes in a large area, realize efficient and rapid planting, increase the yield per acre, and reduce the use of mechanization. Labor costs and high-speed adoption are conducive to large-scale operation and industrialization of agricultural machinery services.

Detailed ways

The technical content of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

(1) Preparation before sowing:

The land is required to be leveled. The ploughing and ploughing will be carried out within 10-15 days after the harvest of the crops in Fuqiu. The ploughing will be used to plow the ploughing depth, the ploughing depth will reach 20-25 cm, and the land will be sterilized within 2 days after ploughing. The land is disinfected with 50% carbendazim WP 2 kg per acre mixed with lime 20 kg to 30 kg, and grass ash 40 kg to 60 kg sprinkled into the field; shallow tillage before planting, leveling the surface, using rotary tiller rotary tillage The ploughing depth is 15-20 cm, and the ground level is flat, no roots, no sputum, no residual film, and the farmyard manure, chemical fertilizer and pesticide are evenly spread on the surface, the farm manure is the decomposed horse manure and over-circle fertilizer. For the farmer's fertilizer, the farmer's fertilizer per acre is 2000-3000kg. The fertilizer includes: 7-8kg of magnetized fertilizer, 2-3kg of urea, 2-3kg of diammonium, 1-1.5kg of biological potassium, and 1-1.5kg of activated phosphorus. Stir the fertilizer first before use, and the farmer's fertilizer is evenly mixed. The pesticide includes: an insecticide, a disease-removing drug, and a herbicide, and these drugs are mixed into the soil together with the fertilizer, and then poured into the soil to fully mix the fertilizer, the medicine and the soil;

2) Disinfection:

3) Film mulching: seeding with a full-film ditch planter, 2 rows, row spacing 50-60cm, plant spacing 20-40cm, seeding depth 8-13cm, and then covering the soil trenches; the soil-removing mechanism on the planter is 2 The soil is taken from the middle of the seed potato. After the soil is taken, a groove with a width of 25 to 30 cm and a depth of 10 to 15 cm is formed. At the same time, the planted land is covered by a filming device on the planter with a width of 120 to 150 cm; The soil and soil separation mechanism covers the finely divided soil in the ditch and the row, wherein the height of the soil above the row is 3 to 5 cm; the half of the whole membrane ditch planter is pressed against the covered 15 cm wide film. On the top, there is no gap in the 2 rows of mulch; the mulch-covering mechanism of the full-film ditch planter covers the 3-5 cm soil on the top of the seed potato;

5) Harvest of potato; harvesting period: After the frost at the end of autumn, the color of the leaves turns yellow and turns to dry, reaching physiological maturity; most of the plants turn yellow and gradually wither, the stolons are separated from the potato, and the tubers form a thicker cork layer. The tubers stop weight gain and can be harvested; killing: cut the stems 1 day before harvesting; the field humidity is large or the soil is wet and sticky, and the stems are cut off 2-5 days before harvest to facilitate evaporation of soil moisture. Harvest; killing machine requirements: kill rate ≥ 95%; harvest: using a potato excavator to excavate.

The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

A method for cultivating a full-film ridge of potato, characterized in that: steps of the cultivation method:

1) Site selection and land treatment:

The soil in which the potato is planted is suitable for selecting the slightly acidic soil, the soil is loose and fertile, the permeability is good, and the micro-acid loam or light sand soil with convenient drainage is suitable. The potato should not be continuously cropped, and the plot of the potato should not be continuous for 2-3 years. Potatoes should also avoid continuous cropping with other solanaceous crops (such as pepper, eggplant, tomato, tobacco, etc.) and other root and tuber crops; potatoes are susceptible to disease and must be associated with crops that do not have disease, such as Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, etc. Implement crop rotation to reduce the occurrence of diseases;

The land is required to be leveled. The ploughing and hoeing will be carried out within 10-15 days after the harvest of the raft before the autumn, and the ploughing will be used to turn the ploughing. The ploughing depth will reach 20-25 cm, and the ploughing will be carried out within 2 days after ploughing, and the land will be disinfected at the same time; Before planting, it should be shallowly ploughed, leveled on the surface, and rotated by a rotary tiller. The depth of the ploughing reaches 15 to 20 cm. The ground level is flat, no roots, no slag, no residual film, and the farmyard manure, fertilizer and pesticide are evenly scattered. On the surface, re-inject into the soil to mix the fertilizer, medicine and soil;

2) Disinfection:

The dicing tools used are sterilized with 0.5% potassium permanganate; the buds should not be too small, and the weight of each bud should not be less than 30 grams. The cut potato pieces are mixed with the ash, so that the incisions are evenly stained with the ash. Then planting;

3) Film mulching: seeding with a full-film ditch planter, 2 rows, row spacing 50-60cm, plant spacing 20-40cm, seeding depth 8-13cm, and then covering the soil trenches; the soil-removing mechanism on the planter is 2 The soil is taken from the middle of the seed potato. After the soil is taken, a groove with a width of 25 to 30 cm and a depth of 10 to 15 cm is formed. At the same time, the planted land is covered by a filming device on the planter with a width of 120 to 150 cm; The soil and soil separation mechanism covers the finely divided soil in the ditch and the row, wherein the height of the soil above the row is 3 to 5 cm; the half of the whole membrane ditch planter is pressed against the covered 15 cm wide film. On the top, there is no gap in the 2 rows of mulch; the mulch-covering mechanism of the full-film ditch planter covers the 3-5 cm soil on the top of the seed potato;

4) Protection: According to the condition of the potato, determine whether it is necessary to add fertilizer or remove the disease. If necessary, use the combination of fertilization and disease control, use wheeled tractor, the wheel walks on the small ridge, and the nozzle is set according to the corresponding line spacing. ;

5) Harvest of potato; harvesting period: After the frost at the end of autumn, the color of the leaves turns yellow and turns to dry, reaching physiological maturity; most of the plants turn yellow and gradually wither, the stolons are separated from the potato, and the tubers form a thicker cork layer. The tubers stop weight gain and can be harvested; killing: cut the stems 1 day before harvesting; the field humidity is large or the soil is wet and sticky, and the stems are cut off 2-5 days before harvest to facilitate evaporation of soil moisture. Harvest; killing machine requirements: kill rate ≥ 95%, do not hurt the mulch; harvest: using a potato excavator to excavate;
The method for cultivating a full-film ridge of a potato according to claim 1, wherein the sterilized land is 50% carbendazim WP 2 kg mixed lime 20 kg to 30 kg, and the grass ash 40 kg to 60 kg. Sprinkle into the field.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the farmyard manure is a farmer manure such as horse manure and over-circle fertilizer, and the farmer's fertilizer per acre is 2000-3000 kg.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the chemical fertilizer comprises: 7-8 kg of magnetized fertilizer, 2-3 kg of urea, 2-3 kg of diammonium, 1-1.5 kg of biological potassium, and activated phosphorus. 1-1.5kg, first stir the fertilizer before use Mix evenly, and the farmer's fertilizer is evenly stirred.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide comprises: an insecticide, a disease-removing drug, and a herbicide, and the medicine is mixed into the soil together with the fertilizer.