CN104221682A - Dry-land potato mechanized full-film furrow-ridge cultivating method - Google Patents
Dry-land potato mechanized full-film furrow-ridge cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a dry-land potato mechanized full-film furrow-ridge cultivating method. The dry-land potato mechanized full-film furrow-ridge cultivating method is mainly characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) preparation before planting; (2) film covering and planting: once finishing planting, fertilization, ridge forming, packing shaping, full-film covering, and soil-lifting soil-placing combined operation, and covering 3 to 5cm of soil on the top of a film above seed potatoes; (3) plant protection: spraying chemicals in 15 to 20 days after planting; using a wheel type tractor, enabling wheels to walk on small ridges, and arranging spray heads according to corresponding row distances; (4) potato harvest. The dry-land potato mechanized full-film furrow-ridge cultivating method has the advantages that mechanized soil lifting, soil separation and film-top soil placement can be realized by the technology, i.e. 3 to 5cm of soil covers the top of the film above the seed potatoes, so that the problem that seedlings cannot break through the film or come up out of soil and are burnt is solved; overall-process mechanization is realized, so that the labor force is saved; the pollution of the broken film for the soil is avoided; a mechanized full-film furrow-ridge cultivating technology is a new agricultural technology and has the advantages of rainwater harvesting, soil moisture preservation, temperature increase, yield increase and the like and has quite remarkable drought-resisting and yield-increasing effects.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of proportion of crop planting technical field, be specially a kind of dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method.
Background technology:
Potato, wheat, paddy rice, corn are four important generalized grain crops.Wherein the protein output of potato unit are under identical planting conditions be respectively corn, wheat, 2 times, 1.3 times, 1.2 times of rice, and contained protein molecule is easily absorbed by the body.In addition, the carotin that also do not have containing other cereal crops of potato and ascorbic acid; Potato nutritional is abundant, constituent structure is reasonable, and contained VB and VC is 4 times and 10 times of apple respectively, and other various content of mineral substances is more than 10 times of apple.In daily life, be that the food of Raw material processing is welcome especially with potato, nutritionist claims potato to be the food that cost performance is very high.Potato is indispensable important source material, especially purified starch in processing industry always.Therefore, potato has unique natural quality and superior economic and social system, and related industry has broad development space.The research of potato research center, the world shows: in nearly 5 years, potato global demand adds 20%, increases by a year-on-year basis exceed paddy rice, wheat, corn to the year two thousand twenty potato, will account for the over half of global gross yield.The continuous increase of potato demand, expedites the emergence of improving constantly of potato seed planting technology, especially potato full film furrow mulching plant technology.Potato ditch ridge culture technique is a kind of drought-resistant and synergistic cultivation step that northwest Arid planting area is extensively promoted in recent years.Its advantage: precipitation is pooled in furrow by face, the whole rainfalls during fully receiving plant growth, ensure that potato normally emerges; Two is the invalid evaporation that can reduce soil moisture, ensures the moisture supply in potato breeding time; Three is to improve ground temperature, extends potato breeding time, and favourable middle-late ripening variety plays productive potential, and effect of increasing production is obvious.Particularly under arid situation, very outstanding to the effect of once saving seedling spring from damage, thus for potato growth grow create a metastable farmland ecological environment, synthesized and coordinated each Main Factors affecting potato yield, make potato have good growing environment, improve output.
The present invention covers potato seed method for planting according to China's full film furrow mulching film of semiarid zone tradition, through field trial for many years, work out a kind of mechanization potato full film furrow implantation methods, there is the advantages such as collection rain, soil moisture conservation, temperature raising, volume increase, synergy, saving labour, its drought resisting, effect of increasing production are very remarkable, create Liao Xin road for Techniques in Dry-farming Areas crop-planting obtains stable and high yields.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to avoid prior art to be difficult to realize the defect of entire mechanization, propose a kind of dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method.Sit native growth-promoting mechanism based on film top, on kind of row film top, during mechanized cultivation, cover the soil of one deck 3 ~ 5cm, the automatic rupture of membranes of potato stem eye is broken ground and emerges.Overcome traditional plastic mulching potato put seedling, envelope hole program time-consuming, put burning seedling and artificial destruction mulch film that seedling causes not in time and affect the drawbacks such as the pressure grass effect of mulch film.Solve traditional dry farming full overlay film potato planting mode manipulatorization results fabric width coupling problem that is difficult and the easily residual broken film of formation.
Object of the present invention can by realizing by the following technical solutions: a kind of dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method, and its main feature is that step is:
(1) front preparation is broadcast:
1) selection of land:
Selection of land requires land readjustment, stubble-cleaning of deep ploughing in 10 ~ 15 days after volt autumn preceding crop results, and adopt pivot plow to plough, tilling depth reaches 25 ~ 30 centimetres, harrows a kind of farm tools after ploughing in 1 ~ 2 day; To plough shallowly before sowing, smooth earth's surface, adopt rotovator rotary tillage, tilling depth reaches 15 ~ 20 centimetres, accomplishes Land leveling, unrooted stubble, without clod, without residual film;
2) sterilize:
The cutter that stripping and slicing the uses potassium permanganate of 0.5% is sterilized; The potato block ash of well cutting is dressed seed, makes otch be stained with ash equably, then plant; Or spread fertilizer over the fields ash and make base fertilizer in the furrow of plantation;
(2) mulch sowing:
In late April, adopt full film furrow drill to sow, 2 row, line-spacing 55 ~ 60cm, spacing in the rows 25 ~ 35cm, seed level 10 ~ 13cm (potato seed is apart from face, ridge), then suppression of soil is carried out to kind of ditch; Side dressing 2 row chemical fertilizer inside 2 row potato seeds simultaneously, line-spacing 55 ~ 60cm; The mechanism that fetches earth on planter fetches earth in the middle of 2 row potato seeds, forms the groove of wide 25 ~ 30cm, dark 10 ~ 15cm after fetching earth; Simultaneously by the film covering device on planter with wide 135 ~ 140cm mulch film to covering with broadcasting; Soil in small, broken bits covers in furrow and plants on row by the defeated soil on last planter, Fen Tu mechanism, and wherein planting row top height to earth up is 3 ~ 5cm; During next time operation of full film furrow drill, half land wheel is pressed in the 15cm that covered broadly on film limit, makes 2 row mulch film gaplesss; Full film furrow drill is carried native casing mechanism film top above potato seed and is covered 3-5cm soil; This dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method is that one disposablely can complete sowing, fertilising, ridging, suppression shaping, full film covering, propose the native integration of operation of soil seat;
(3) plant protection: at after planting 15 ~ 20 days spray medicines; Use wheel tractor, wheel walking is on micro-ridge, and shower nozzle is arranged by corresponding line-spacing;
(4) results of potato;
1) harvest time:
After autumn Mo frost, leaf look turns yellow and turns withered, reaches physiological ripening; Stem tuber umbilical region easily and stolon depart from; Stem tuber epidermis toughness is large, and cortex is thick, and color and luster is normal, can gather in the crops;
2) seedling is killed:
Normal plot shifts to an earlier date 1 day and stem seedling is cut off; Field humidity is large or soil is wet glues important place block, receives and cuts off stem seedling in first 2 ~ 5 days, in order to soil water evaporation, be convenient to results; Kill that seedling is confidential to be asked: kill clean rate >=95%, do not hinder mulch film;
3) gather in the crops:
Adopt two-stage separate type potato digger to excavate row, guarantee do not cut and tear up mulch film, mulch film is still adhered on the ground, when native potato is separated, mulch film is packed up simultaneously, at first order separating mechanism end, mulch film is separated with potato soil, in ground, does not stay residual film.
Described ground film thickness is 0.008 ~ 0.012mm, and width is 135 ~ 140cm;
Described sower potato seed side fertilising, line-spacing 55 ~ 60cm;
Described sower fertilizing amount is 30 ~ 70 kgs/acre;
Described film top earthing takes from wide 25 ~ 30cm, dark 10 ~ 15cm furrow in the middle of potato seed;
Described firming carries out furrow firming to 135 ~ 140cm mulch film, and planting the upper height to earth up of row is 3 ~ 5cm;
When described full film is covered as next time operation of sower, half land wheel is pressed in the 15cm that covered broadly on film limit, makes mutually overlay film gapless before leaving.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: this technology can realize mechanization and carry soil, point soil and film top and sit native growth-promoting technology, and namely film top covers 3-5cm soil above potato seed, solving seedling can not be unearthed and the burning seedling problem that causes by rupture of membranes; Achieve overall process mechanization, save labour; Solve residual broken film to the pollution of soil; It is a new agrotechnique that mechanization full film furrow broadcasts technology, and have the advantages such as collection rain, soil moisture conservation, temperature raising, volume increase, its drought resisting, effect of increasing production are very remarkable.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is a kind of dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method schematic cross-section;
In figure: 1. potato seed; 2. mulch film; 3. bottom of trench firming; 4. soil is sat on film top; 5. support wheel; 6. casting groove.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing shownschematically preferred example be described in further detail:
Embodiment 1: see Fig. 1, soil 4, machine support wheel 5, casting groove 6 are sat in potato seed 1, mulch film 2, bottom of trench firming 3, film top.
A kind of dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method, its main feature is that step is:
(1) front preparation is broadcast:
1) selection of land:
Selection of land requires land readjustment, gathers in the crops in latter 15 days at volt autumn preceding crop stubble-cleaning of deep ploughing, and adopt pivot plow to plough, tilling depth reaches 30 centimetres, harrows a kind of farm tools after ploughing in 2 days; To plough shallowly before sowing, smooth earth's surface, adopt rotovator rotary tillage, tilling depth reaches 20 centimetres, accomplishes Land leveling, unrooted stubble, without clod, without residual film;
2) sterilize:
The cutter that stripping and slicing the uses potassium permanganate of 0.5% is sterilized; The potato block ash of well cutting is dressed seed, makes otch be stained with ash equably, then plant; Or spread fertilizer over the fields ash and make base fertilizer in the furrow of plantation;
(2) mulch sowing:
In late April, adopt 2CM-2 type full film double-furrow sower to sow, 2 row, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 35cm, seed level 13cm (potato seed is apart from face, ridge), then suppression of soil is carried out to kind of ditch; Side dressing 2 row chemical fertilizer inside 2 row potato seeds simultaneously, line-spacing 60cm; The mechanism that fetches earth on planter fetches earth in the middle of 2 row potato seeds, forms the groove of wide 30cm, dark 15cm after fetching earth; Simultaneously by the film covering device on planter with wide 140cm mulch film to covering with broadcasting; Soil in small, broken bits covers in furrow and plants on row by the defeated soil on last planter, Fen Tu mechanism, and it is highly 5cm soil that kind row top is covered; During next time operation of 2CM-2 type full film double-furrow sower, half land wheel is pressed in the 15cm that covered broadly on film limit, makes 2 row mulch film gaplesss; Disposablely complete the operation such as Mechanization sowing, suppression shaping, fertilising, full film covering, firming;
(3) plant protection: at after planting 20 days spray medicines; Use wheel tractor, wheel walking is on micro-ridge, and shower nozzle is arranged by corresponding line-spacing;
(4) results of potato
1) harvest time
After autumn Mo frost, leaf look turns yellow and turns withered, reaches physiological ripening; Stem tuber umbilical region easily and stolon depart from; Stem tuber epidermis toughness is large, and cortex is thick, and color and luster is normal, can gather in the crops;
2) seedling is killed
Normal plot shifts to an earlier date 1 day and stem seedling is cut off; Field humidity is large or soil is wet glues important place block, receives and cuts off stem seedling in first 5 days, in order to soil water evaporation, be convenient to results; Kill that seedling is confidential to be asked: kill clean rate >=95%, do not hinder mulch film;
4) gather in the crops
Adopt two-stage separate type potato digger to excavate row, guarantee do not cut and tear up mulch film, mulch film is still adhered on the ground, when native potato is separated, mulch film is packed up simultaneously, at first order separating mechanism end, mulch film is separated with potato soil, in ground, does not stay residual film.
Described ground film thickness is 0.012mm, and width is 140cm;
Described sower potato seed side fertilising, line-spacing 60cm;
Described sower fertilizing amount is 70 kgs/acre;
Described film top earthing takes from wide 30cm in the middle of potato seed, dark 15cm furrow;
Described firming carries out furrow firming to 140cm mulch film, and planting the upper height to earth up of row is 5cm;
When described full film is covered as next time operation of sower, half land wheel is pressed in the 15cm that covered broadly on film limit, makes mutually overlay film gapless before leaving.
Embodiment 2: see Fig. 1, soil 4, machine support wheel 5, casting groove 6 are sat in potato seed 1, mulch film 2, bottom of trench firming 3, film top.
A kind of dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method, the steps include:
(1) front preparation is broadcast:
1) selection of land:
Selection of land requires land readjustment, gathers in the crops in latter 10 days at volt autumn preceding crop stubble-cleaning of deep ploughing, and adopt pivot plow to plough, tilling depth reaches 25 centimetres, harrows a kind of farm tools after ploughing in 1 day; To plough shallowly before sowing, smooth earth's surface, adopt rotovator rotary tillage, tilling depth reaches 15 centimetres, accomplishes Land leveling, unrooted stubble, without clod, without residual film;
2) sterilize:
The cutter that stripping and slicing the uses potassium permanganate of 0.5% is sterilized; The potato block ash of well cutting is dressed seed, makes otch be stained with ash equably, then plant; Or spread fertilizer over the fields ash and make base fertilizer in the furrow of plantation;
(2) mulch sowing:
In late April, adopt full film furrow drill to sow, 2 row, line-spacing 55cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, seed level 10cm (potato seed is apart from face, ridge), then suppression of soil is carried out to kind of ditch; Side dressing 2 row chemical fertilizer inside 2 row potato seeds simultaneously, line-spacing 55cm; Fetched earth in wide 25cm, dark 10cm furrow in the middle of 2 row potato seeds by the mechanism that fetches earth on planter; Simultaneously by the film covering device on planter with wide 135cm mulch film to covering with broadcasting; Soil in small, broken bits covers in furrow and plants on row by the defeated soil on last planter, Fen Tu mechanism, and it is highly 3cm soil that kind row top is covered; During next time operation of full film furrow drill, half land wheel is pressed in the 15cm that covered broadly on film limit, makes 2 row mulch film gaplesss; Disposablely complete sowing, fertilising, ridging, suppression shaping, full film cover, carry soil sits the operations such as soil;
(3) plant protection: at after planting 15 days spray medicines; Use wheel tractor, wheel walking is on micro-ridge, and shower nozzle is arranged by corresponding line-spacing;
(4) results of potato
1) harvest time
After autumn Mo frost, leaf look turns yellow and turns withered, reaches physiological ripening; Stem tuber umbilical region easily and stolon depart from; Stem tuber epidermis toughness is large, and cortex is thick, and color and luster is normal, can gather in the crops;
2) seedling is killed
Normal plot shifts to an earlier date 1 day and stem seedling is cut off; Field humidity is large or soil is wet glues important place block, receives and cuts off stem seedling in first 2 days, in order to soil water evaporation, be convenient to results; Kill that seedling is confidential to be asked: kill clean rate >=95%, do not hinder mulch film;
4) gather in the crops
Adopt two-stage separate type potato digger to excavate row, guarantee do not cut and tear up mulch film, mulch film is still adhered on the ground, when native potato is separated, mulch film is packed up simultaneously, at first order separating mechanism end, mulch film is separated with potato soil, in ground, does not stay residual film.
Described ground film thickness is 0.008mm, and width is 135cm;
Described sower potato seed side fertilising, line-spacing 55cm;
Described sower fertilizing amount is 30 kgs/acre;
Described film top earthing takes from wide 25cm in the middle of potato seed, dark 10cm furrow;
Described firming carries out furrow firming to 135cm mulch film, and planting the upper height to earth up of row is 3cm;
When described full film is covered as next time operation of sower, half land wheel is pressed in the 15cm that covered broadly on film limit, makes mutually overlay film gapless before leaving.
Embodiment 3: a kind of dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method is on rotovator and the post-job land for growing field crops of scarification equipment, adopt the sowing of 2CM-2 type full film double-furrow Sowing machine for potatoes, 2 row, line-spacing 58cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, seed level 16cm (potato seed is apart from face, ridge), then suppression of soil is carried out to kind of ditch; Inside 2 row potato seeds, execute 2 row chemical fertilizer simultaneously; The mechanism that fetches earth on planter fetches earth in the middle of 2 row potato seeds, forms the groove of wide 30cm, dark 15cm after fetching earth; Film covering device simultaneously on planter is to the mulch film broadcasting ground covering wide 138cm; Soil in small, broken bits covers in furrow and plants on row by the defeated soil on last planter, Fen Tu mechanism, and it is highly 5cm soil that kind row covers; During next time operation of the full film furrow drill of 2CM-2 type, half land wheel is pressed in the 15cm that covered broadly on film limit, makes mutually overlay film gapless before leaving; Disposablely complete the operation such as Mechanization sowing, suppression shaping, fertilising, full film covering, firming.
Experimental example 1: dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method, the steps include:
(1) front preparation is broadcast
1) selection of land
Selection of land requires land readjustment, with the plantation of applicable potato and results.To deep plough in time stubble-cleaning after volt autumn preceding crop results, adopt 1LF-327 hydraulic reversing plough to plough, tilling depth reaches 28 centimetres, harrows a kind of farm tools in time after ploughing; To plough shallowly before sowing, smooth earth's surface, adopt the rotary tillage of 1GQ-140 type rotovator, tilling depth reaches 15 centimetres, accomplishes Land leveling, unrooted stubble, without clod, for good soil condition is created in overlay film, sowing;
2) sterilize
Potato otch mixes ash sterilization; The potato block of well cutting is placed on clean place, then dresses seed with fresh ash, make otch be stained with ash equably, then plant; Through experiment, after the potato processed in this way seeds into the ground, one can play sterilization, avoids bacterial invasion wound, reduces by rotten kind of phenomenon, reaches seedling full stand prosperous; Two is that ash belongs to potash fertilizer, is potato growth, requisite key element of luming.If spread fertilizer over the fields ash to do seed manure in the furrow of planting, and effect of increasing production can be more obvious.
(2) mulch sowing
In late April, the full film furrow drill of the 2CM-2 type developed by engineering college of Gansu Agriculture University is adopted to sow.Once can complete sowing, fertilising, ridging, suppression shaping, full film covering, propose the native integration of operation of soil seat.Realize mechanization to carry soil, point soil and film top and sit native growth-promoting technology, namely above potato seed, film top covers 5cm soil, and solving seedling can not be unearthed and the burning seedling problem that causes by rupture of membranes.
(3) plant protection
In order to prevent and treat potato late blight, introducing potato pest control equipment, improving, supporting 20 horsepowers of wheel tractors according to cropping pattern, wheel walking is on micro-ridge, and shower nozzle is installed by corresponding line-spacing, makes it meet full film furrow bed planting technology.
The key technical indexes:
Spray medicine frame broadening/m 6.6;
Spray medicine height/mm 400-1000.
(4) results of potato
1) harvest time
Frost occurs mountain area, Dingxi early, and frost-free season is short, for preventing potato block from enduring cold, can after autumn Mo frost, and overground part major part is withered and yellow, reaches physiological ripening.Leaf look turns yellow and turns withered; Stem tuber umbilical region easily and stolon depart from; Stem tuber epidermis toughness is large, and cortex is thick, and color and luster is normal, can gather in the crops.
3) seedling is killed
Normal plot shifts to an earlier date 1 day and stem seedling is cut off; Field humidity is large or soil is wet glues important place block, receives first 3 days (or according to circumstances number of days can be some more again) and cuts off stem seedling, in order to soil water evaporation, be convenient to results.
Kill that seedling is confidential to be asked: kill clean rate >=95%, do not hinder mulch film.
4) gather in the crops
The two-stage separate type potato digger of Gansu Agriculture University's development is adopted to carry out excavating row, guarantee do not cut and tear up mulch film, mulch film is still adhered on the ground, when native potato is separated, mulch film is packed up simultaneously, at first order separating mechanism end, mulch film is separated with potato soil, in ground, does not stay residual film.This machine adopts elevator chain type potato soil separating mechanism and one-sided flexible Ji Tiao mechanism, meets potato full film furrow agronomy job requirements, once completes skinning, excavation, the separation of native potato and lay operation.Digger blade and elevating chain tilt adjustable, oscillation intensity is adjustable, can operation on heavy soil, middle clay and the sandy loam within moisture content 25%, and hinder potato rate≤4%, soil separation rate is between 73 ~ 81%.
Experimental example 2: emerge below by the potato of concrete test on the plantation of dry farming Potato Mechanization of the present invention full film ditch ridge cultivating method, earthing is analyzed the impact that potato breeding time, soil temperature, soil moisture content, output, stem tuber turn green degree on roasting seedling and film.
Experimental scheme
Adopt randomised block design, repeat 3 times, if 2 process, each process plot area 28m
2(10m × 2.8m), every community 160 post, all adopts a film duplicate rows, flat furrow overlay film, and both sides, film limit are sowed, totally 6 communities.Film distance 90cm, the wide 50cm of film web, spacing in the rows 25cm, planting density 3800 plants/acre.Process one (A): not earthing on film, process two (B): on film, earthing (after planting 20d) spreads earthing, thickness of earth covering 3-5cm.Other agronomic measures all identical (wholely, fertilising, kind, field management etc.), and carry out the field operation of equal quality.
2 results and analysis
2.1 potato to be emerged, the impact of roasting seedling
Overlay film potato causes the higher easily roasting seedling of temperature under film because mulch film accepts sunlight when emerging, so, need to carry out an artificial film of drawing in time before emerging and put seedling.As shown in Table 1, on film, earthing can not bake seedling, and emergence rate and Phase ofsprouting all have notable difference than not earthing.Mainly owing to reducing the temperature under touching after earthing.
On table 1 film earthing potato is emerged, the impact of roasting seedling and Phase ofsprouting
Note: after planting 30d measures and emerges and roasting seedling rate, and after planting 25d surveys Phase ofsprouting.
On 2.2 films, earthing is on the impact of potato breeding time
As seen from Table 2, on film, earthing process is than earthing is not long for breeding time, and each growing stage all shifts to an earlier date.This is because earthing on film changes environmental ecology growth factor in the potato growth later stage, inhibits the appearance of the plant early ageing phenomenon caused due to overlay film, and performance birth is healthy and strong, breeding time is normal.
On table 2 film earthing on the impact of potato breeding time (unit: the moon. day, d)
On table 3 film, earthing is on the impact of potato economic characters
On 2.3 films, earthing is on the impact of potato yield
As can be seen from film, on earthing and film, earthing potato does not survey the result (see table 4) of producing, and on film, earthing is 8500kg/hm
2, with the 10300kg/hm of earthing on film
2compare, on film earthing than on film not earthing volume increase 1800kg/hm
2, on film, earthing is than not earthing increase of production 21% on film.In general, on film, earthing does not have certain effect of increasing production compared with earthing with on film.
On table 4 film, earthing is on the impact (September 20) of potato yield
On 2.4 films, earthing is on the impact of soil temperature
Table 5 July 1 ~ 20 early on 8:00 film earthing on the impact of soil temperature (unit: DEG C)
On table 6 14:00 film at noon on the-20th July 1, earthing is on the impact of soil temperature (unit: DEG C)
On table 7 20:00 film in evening on the-20th July 1, earthing is on the impact of soil temperature (unit: DEG C)
Ground temperature is still lower than 25 DEG C.Due to this phase potato ball Stem nematode and expanding stage just, required ground temperature is unfavorable for the growth of potato tubers later more than 25 DEG C, so, on film earthing be conducive to potato tubers growth, expand and the accumulation of starch, on film not earthing ground temperature higher than 25 DEG C, be unfavorable for the growth of potato tubers, expand and the accumulation of starch, have impact on the output of potato and the raising of commodity rate.
On 2.5 films, earthing is to the change of soil moisture content
From table 8,9, Nonirrigated Potato growing period 0-60cm soil layer soil moisture content has in wavy decline variation tendency with the propelling of fertility, and between 2 kinds of planting patterns breeding times, the change of soil average moisture content is at 12.30%-17.80%.6,7,8, September 0-60mm soil average moisture content earthing higher than not earthing, soils remediation technolgy is also earthing higher than not earthing.Reduce the direct projection of sunlight to mulch film after earthing, reduce the evaporation discharge of soil, so Sealing soil reservoir storage and soil moisture content, all higher than not earthing, are conducive to potato growth and grow.
The dynamic change of earthing potato fertility period 0 ~ 60cm soil moisture content on table 8 film
Earthing potato fertility 0 ~ 60cm soil moisture content in 6 ~ September of period change on table 9 film
In sum, the present invention has the following advantages relative to prior art:
In the cultivation of dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge, on film, earthing is conducive to potato and emerges and roasting seedling, neat and consistent of emerging before preventing mulch film from emerging to potato;
On film, earthing has delayed the plant early ageing caused due to overlay film, and potato commodity rate, individual plant are tied, and potato is heavy, individual plant potato heavily etc. all higher than not overlay film, thus improves the commodity output of potato;
On film, earthing 3-5cm ground temperature is all at 8 DEG C-18 DEG C, is conducive to the growth of potato tubers;
Sealing soil reservoir storage and soil moisture content, all higher than not earthing, are conducive to the growth of potato different times; On film, earthing decreases green potato rate, is conducive to the commodity rate improving potato tubers.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method, is characterized in that step is:
(1) front preparation is broadcast:
1) selection of land:
Selection of land requires land readjustment, stubble-cleaning of deep ploughing in 10-15 days after volt autumn preceding crop results, and adopt pivot plow to plough, tilling depth reaches 25 ~ 30 centimetres, harrows a kind of farm tools after ploughing in 1 ~ 2 day; To plough shallowly before sowing, smooth earth's surface, adopt rotovator rotary tillage, tilling depth reaches 15 ~ 20 centimetres, accomplishes Land leveling, unrooted stubble, without clod, without residual film;
2) sterilize:
The cutter that stripping and slicing the uses potassium permanganate of 0.5% is sterilized; The potato block ash of well cutting is dressed seed, makes otch be stained with ash equably, then plant; Or spread fertilizer over the fields ash and make base fertilizer in the furrow of plantation;
(2) mulch sowing:
In late April, adopt full film furrow drill to sow, 2 row, line-spacing 55 ~ 60cm, spacing in the rows 25 ~ 35cm, seed level 10 ~ 13cm (potato seed is apart from face, ridge), then suppression of soil is carried out to kind of ditch; Side dressing 2 row chemical fertilizer inside 2 row potato seeds simultaneously, line-spacing 55 ~ 60cm; The mechanism that fetches earth on planter fetches earth in the middle of 2 row potato seeds, forms the groove of wide 25 ~ 30cm, dark 10 ~ 15cm after fetching earth; Simultaneously by the film covering device on planter with wide 135 ~ 140cm mulch film to covering with broadcasting; Soil in small, broken bits covers in furrow and plants on row by the defeated soil on last planter, Fen Tu mechanism, and wherein planting row top height to earth up is 3 ~ 5cm; During next time operation of full film furrow drill, half land wheel is pressed in the 15cm that covered broadly on film limit, makes 2 row mulch film gaplesss; Full film furrow drill is carried native casing mechanism film top above potato seed and is covered 3-5cm soil;
(3) plant protection: at after planting 15-20 days spray medicines; Use wheel tractor, wheel walking is on micro-ridge, and shower nozzle is arranged by corresponding line-spacing;
(4) results of potato;
1) harvest time:
After autumn Mo frost, leaf look turns yellow and turns withered, reaches physiological ripening; Stem tuber umbilical region easily and stolon depart from; Stem tuber epidermis toughness is large, and cortex is thick, and color and luster is normal, can gather in the crops;
2) seedling is killed:
Normal plot shifts to an earlier date 1 day and stem seedling is cut off; Field humidity is large or soil is wet glues important place block, within 2-5 days, cuts off stem seedling, in order to soil water evaporation, be convenient to results before receiving; Kill that seedling is confidential to be asked: kill clean rate >=95%, do not hinder mulch film;
3) gather in the crops:
Adopt two-stage separate type potato digger to excavate row, guarantee do not cut and tear up mulch film, mulch film is still adhered on the ground, when native potato is separated, mulch film is packed up simultaneously, at first order separating mechanism end, mulch film is separated with potato soil, in ground, does not stay residual film.
2. dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that step is:
Described ground film thickness is 0.008 ~ 0.012mm, and width is 135 ~ 140cm;
Described sower potato seed side fertilising, line-spacing 55 ~ 60cm;
Described sower fertilizing amount is 30 ~ 70 kgs/acre;
Described film top earthing takes from wide 25 ~ 30cm, dark 10 ~ 15cm furrow in the middle of potato seed;
Described firming carries out furrow firming to 135 ~ 140cm mulch film, and planting the upper height to earth up of row is 3 ~ 5cm;
When described full film is covered as next time operation of sower, half land wheel is pressed in the 15cm that covered broadly on film limit, makes mutually overlay film gapless before leaving.
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| CN104904450A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-09-16 | 韩文贺 | Spring potato film earthing planting method |
| CN105052524A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-18 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Planting method for interplanting potatoes in young orchard |
| CN105557275A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2016-05-11 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Potato riding, film-covering and planting method |
| CN105684692A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-22 | 西南大学 | Potato/corn/sweet potato drought triple-cropping relay intercropping technology suitable for machine harvesting |
| CN105875130A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-08-24 | 华池县农业技术推广中心 | Whole-film double-furrow side seeding technology for soybeans in arid land |
| CN106472092A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-08 | 西昌学院 | One kind safely and efficiently potato sowing method |
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