CN107517704A - A kind of method of Dryland Mechanization sowing herbage volume increase - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method of Dryland Mechanization sowing herbage volume increase, more particularly to drought-hit area wasteland Mechanization sowing herbage yield-increasing technology, its key step to include：A. deep placement base fertilizer：Base fertilizer is sprinkled upon upper soll layer, its available farm manure, phosphate fertilizer or composite fertilizer, farm manure 3,000~5,000 kilogram, calcium superphosphate 50kg is applied with reference to site preparation per hectare before broadcasting；B. rotary cultivator ploughs deeply base fertilizer, 150 250 millimeters of rotary tillage depth grass family；200 300 millimeters of pulse family；C. site preparation, suppression, paving Biodegradable films, bunch planting, earthing and bilateral press mold process are sequentially completed with nonirrigated farmland full-film covering joint hill-drop drill, d. degraded membrane degradations, mowed（Flatten）Machine harvests herbage.Strong adaptability of the present invention, combine hill-drop drill and environmental protection type biodegradable film bunch planting herbage especially with nonirrigated farmland full-film covering, preserve soil moisture, exempt to put seedling, mechanization efficiently harvests herbage, degradative membrane switchs to humus and fostered and apply fertilizer synergy, forage yield is dramatically increased, accelerates drought-hit area ecological construction and farming and animal husbandry sustainable development.

Description

A kind of method of Dryland Mechanization sowing herbage volume increase

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method and technology field of Dryland Mechanization sowing herbage volume increase, more particularly to dry farming life Ground, the method for waste region mechanization precision drilling clover volume increase.

Background technology

In recent years, as global warming, arid and extreme climate produce great threat to region agriculture-stock production.Kind Implant model is single, arid and the loess formation incoherent degeneration of aggravation regional vegetation, soil erosion and soil sandification；Arid and water Soil is lost in serious restriction Development of farming and animal husbandry.It is plantation to improve agriculture-stock production power and keep farming and animal husbandry sustainable development optimal path Alfalfa.It is well known that the alfalfa of " herbage queen " is described as by the whole world(Medicago sativa L.) it is high-quality height The leguminous forage of production, adaptation region is wide, can check winds and fix drifting sand, crude protein content is up to 15% ~ 29.95% in its dry, equivalent to beans 1.2 times of cake, higher than corn 1 ~ 1.5 times, leaf protein can produce health beverages, and mechanization mowing-flattening harvest can preserve well The nutrient such as clover thick protein and carrotene, photochemical effect of the daylight to Alfalfa is reduced, hence it is evident that increase hay can Digestibility；And the small hardseed of clover is because of mass of 1000 kernel averagely only 2g, every seed is few containing nutrient protein, and germination and emergence must have Suitable temperature, moisture and contact soil, seed is sprouted and Growth of Seedling is slow, and is easily swallowed by weeds, therefore in the dried rhizome of rehmannia, famine Ground Mechanization sowing clover, will cultivate intensely before typically broadcasting, and the tight kind bed of Panasonic in formation, vegetative growth phase Alfalfa is not only The lower rapid tiller three dimensional growth of main root, and the rapider three-dimensional of aerial growth surges；The present invention is agricultural machinery agronomy height Degree fusion, with reference to production practices, using " a kind of nonirrigated farmland small granule seed full-film covering bunch planting with service invention patent mandate Machine（ZL 2013100867341）" dry farming full-film covering joint hill-drop drill agricultural machinery technology and clover cultivation agronomic technique and green Environmental protection type biodegradable film（The recycling film of PLA can more than 2 months after be degraded to humus）Deng the synthesis of science of engineering materials Application technology.

The content of the invention

The present invention seeks to increase soil moisture content, the soil moisture and soil ore deposit to solve existing arid, half-dried dry cropland Change speed, preserving soil moisture, improve high quality forage emergence rate, increase the dried rhizome of rehmannia, wasteland soil fertility and ecological construction of checking winds and fixing drifting sand etc. Problem, there is provided a kind of Dryland mechanization full degradable membrane covers joint bunch planting herbage and the method significantly increased production.

In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of described Dryland Mechanization sowing is herded The method of grass volume increase includes：A. deep placement base fertilizer：Base fertilizer is now sprinkled upon upper soll layer, base fertilizer can use farm manure, phosphate fertilizer or composite fertilizer, Site preparation is combined before broadcasting per 666.67m²Farm manure 3000kg~5000kg is applied, calcium superphosphate 50kg makees base fertilizer；B. rotary cultivator revolves Tilling depth degree grass family is 150-250 millimeters；Pulse family 200-300 millimeters, base fertilizer is ploughed deeply into；C. combined with nonirrigated farmland full-film covering The subjob of hill-drop drill 1 be sequentially completed entirely, suppression, paving Biodegradable films, precise hole sowing, cave region earthing and bilateral press mold work Sequence；D. the dry farming terraced fields such as husky irrigated area or loess plateau that cooled after 60-70 days degraded membrane degradation more than 80%, in good time using mowing （Flatten）Machine can scale high-quality and high-efficiency first batch of herbage of harvest.

Described full-film covering biodegradation film thickness is 0.005 ~ 0.01mm, width 0.8-2.1m, film with it is intermembranous heavy Folded width 50-100mm, bilateral press mold height 50-100mm, and need uniform compaction；Described nonirrigated farmland full-film covering joint hill-drop drill According to agriculture requirement is smart in loess hilly-gully region or the shady and cool low-lying district combine bunch planting clover amount of broadcasting on the spot in good time It is really adjustable in 5 ~ 22.5kg/hm², seed level accurately controlled after 10 ~ 25mm, 60-70 days, thickness 0.008mm biodegradation Film more than 80% is degraded to humus, and sowing then, is used and mowed in good time（Flatten）Machine scale high-quality and high-efficiency can harvest 1-2 Stubble Alfalfa.

The cultivation mode of the drought-hit area mechanization full-film covering precision drilling volume increase of the present invention, not only fosters and apply fertilizer and preserves soil moisture and exempt to put Seedling, few weeding, herbage harvesting phase need not remove degradative membrane, and increase soil moisture content, the soil moisture and soil mineralization speed etc. Effect, sowing can harvest 1-2 stubble Alfalfas then, and described nonirrigated farmland full-film covering joint hill-drop drill passes sequentially through ejector dozer, preceding The devices such as the pack roller, plastic film mulch assembly, dibbler assembly, earthing assembly and the scraping press mold device that are equipped with frame can 1 subjob according to Secondary completion entirely, suppression, the process such as full-film covering Biodegradable films, precise hole sowing, bunch planting area earthing and bilateral press mold；We Method is suitable for arid, Semi-arid Loess Plateau terraced fields virgin soil and to plant different cultivars with cooling Sha Guanchuan areas or dark and damp gully excellent Matter high yield herbage（Alfalfa）Mechanical mass production technique, the technology has mechanization combine equipment interoperability It is good, the advantages such as entire mechanization seeding operation process is few, integrated cost is low, Regional Eco-construction and farming and animal husbandry can be promoted sustainable Development, accelerate arid region of Northwest China farming and animal husbandry entire mechanization process.

Brief description of the drawings：

The full-film covering joint hill-drop drill in nonirrigated farmland of the present invention of accompanying drawing 1 broadcasts three in the husky irrigated area full-film covering bunch planting that cools with non-plastic film mulch essence amount 45 days field growing ways of clover of getting profit contrast picture.

Embodiment：

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the present invention will be further described so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to by It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that so as to make apparent define to protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 1, according to the west of a river Yongchang County sub- town wife's parents' home beach of new city cool husky irrigated area landforms weather and Agriculture requirement is sowed, the method for getting profit volume increase using full-film covering Biodegradable films joint hill-drop drill precision drilling three includes; a. First deep placement base fertilizer before being sowed first during the 15-5 months 20 April：Base fertilizer spills farm manure in upper soll layer with fertilizer distributor, with reference to whole Ground is per 666.67m²Apply farm manure 5000kg and make base fertilizer；B. then 300 millimeters of rotary cultivator rotary tillage depth, by base fertilizer plough deeply into It is interior；C. finally the 25-5 months in April 28 with nonirrigated farmland full-film covering joint the subjob of hill-drop drill 1 be sequentially completed entirely, suppression, Paving thickness is that 0.008mm Biodegradable films, precise hole sowing coating three are got profit the kg/hm of alfalfa seed 15², cave region earthing and Bilateral press mold process；D. cool husky irrigated area degraded membrane degradation more than 80% after 70 days, in good time can scale using mower-crusher High-quality and high-efficiency harvests first batch of herbage.Described full-film covering Biodegradable films width is 1.4m, film and intermembranous overlapping widths 100mm, bilateral press mold height 50mm, and need uniform compaction；Described nonirrigated farmland full-film covering joint hill-drop drill according to it is in good time on the spot Agriculture requirement is accurate adjustable in 15kg/hm using the clover amount of broadcasting of getting profit of combine bunch planting three in the husky irrigated area that cools², 70 days Afterwards, thickness 0.008mm Biodegradable film more than 80% is degraded to humus, sows then, in 10 days -25 July and September 20- 2 batches of Alfalfas can be harvested using mower-crusher scale high-quality and high-efficiency in good time respectively during October 10, First Year is using complete The method of film covering Biodegradable films joint hill-drop drill sowing volume increase can harvest 2 batches of Alfalfas, and fresh grass total output ratio is same with region Phase essence amount broadcasts same kind clover, and plastic film mulch does not increase production more than 1.7 times.

Embodiment 2, unlike the method for embodiment 1：Embodiment 1 is terraced in loess plateau in the husky irrigated area that cools, embodiment 2 Field area, the precision drilling of terraced fields wasteland is newly ploughed in Dingxi City Anding District Bai Lu townshiies arid loess plateau during the 15-5 months 20 April, According to landforms weather on the spot and sowing agriculture requirement, combine hill-drop drill precision drilling Gansu Province east lucerne using full-film covering Biodegradable films The method of Mu volume increase includes;A. pre-sowing treatment life, wasteland elder generation deep placement base fertilizer：Base fertilizer is first sprinkled upon upper soll layer, base fertilizer is available to be applied Fertile machine sprays farm manure, or fertilizer film paving joint hill-drop drill applies phosphate fertilizer or composite fertilizer, and site preparation is combined before broadcasting per 666.67m²Apply Farm manure 5000kg, or calcium superphosphate 50kg make base fertilizer；B. 300 millimeters of rotary cultivator rotary tillage depth, base fertilizer is ploughed deeply into；c. Broadcast preceding seed treatment：Basked seeds before broadcasting 3 ~ 5 days（Improve germination percentage 19.7%）Or the small strong kind of skin processing of galling before broadcasting（Improve germination Rate 15%）Or use a ten thousandth ammonium molybdate（Improve germination percentage 11.5%）Or 3/10000ths boric acid（Improve germination percentage 8%）Invade kind or Carry out legume inoculation processing；D. the alfalfa seed after handling is sequentially completed with the joint subjob of hill-drop drill 1 of nonirrigated farmland full-film covering Entirely, suppression, paving thickness are 0.008mm Biodegradable films, precise hole sowing, cave region earthing and bilateral press mold process；e. 70 Loess plateau dry farming terraced fields degraded membrane degradation more than 80% after it, in good time using mowing（Flatten）Machine can scale high-quality and high-efficiency receipts Win the first place a batch herbage.Described full-film covering Biodegradable films width is 1.4m, film and intermembranous overlapping widths 100mm, bilateral pressure Film height 50mm, and need uniform compaction；Described nonirrigated farmland full-film covering joint hill-drop drill is according in good time agriculture requirement on the spot in Huang The native plateau hilly and gully area combine bunch planting clover amount of broadcasting is 15kg/hm², after 70 days, thickness 0.008mm biodegradation Film more than 80% is degraded to humus, and sowing then, is used and mowed in good time in 5 days -28 July and the September 15-10 months 15（Pressure It is flat）Machine scale high-quality and high-efficiency can harvest 2 batches of Alfalfas, the not plastic film mulch volume increase about 1.5 with the conditions of with region of fresh grass total output ratio Times.

Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, its object is to person skilled in the art can understand Present disclosure is simultaneously carried out, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, all in the spirit and principles in the present invention Within, any equivalent change or modification modification for being made, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., it should be included in protection scope of the present invention Within.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of method of Dryland Mechanization sowing herbage volume increase comprises the following steps that：A. deep placement base fertilizer：Base fertilizer is sprinkled upon Upper soll layer, its available farm manure, phosphate fertilizer or composite fertilizer, site preparation is combined before broadcasting per 666.67m²Application farm manure 3000kg~ 5000kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg make base fertilizer；B. rotary cultivator rotary tillage depth grass family is 150-250 millimeters；Pulse family 200-300 millis Rice, base fertilizer is ploughed deeply into；C. with nonirrigated farmland full-film covering joint the subjob of hill-drop drill 1 be sequentially completed entirely, suppression, paving biology Degradative membrane, precise hole sowing, cave region earthing and bilateral press mold process；D. cool Sha Guanchuan areas or loess plateau ladder after 60-70 days The Dryland such as field degradative membrane has degraded more than 80%, in good time using mowing（Flatten）Machine can first batch of scale high-quality and high-efficiency harvest Herbage.

A kind of 2. method of Dryland Mechanization sowing herbage volume increase as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described is complete It is 0.005 ~ 0.01mm, width 0.8-2.1m, film and intermembranous overlapping widths 50-100mm that film, which covers biodegradable film thickness, double Side press mold height 50-100mm, and need uniform compaction；Described nonirrigated farmland full-film covering joint hill-drop drill is according in good time agronomy on the spot It is it is required that accurate adjustable in 5 ~ 22.5kg/ in loess hilly-gully region or the shady and cool low-lying district integration of operation sowing clover amount of broadcasting hm², after 60-70 days, thickness 0.008mm Biodegradable film more than 80% is degraded to humus, and sowing then, uses in good time Mow（Flatten）Machine scale high-quality and high-efficiency can harvest 1-2 stubble Alfalfas.