CN101990818A - Technology for establishing alfalfa grasslands at cold regions - Google Patents
Technology for establishing alfalfa grasslands at cold regions Download PDFInfo
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- CN101990818A CN101990818A CN2009102602936A CN200910260293A CN101990818A CN 101990818 A CN101990818 A CN 101990818A CN 2009102602936 A CN2009102602936 A CN 2009102602936A CN 200910260293 A CN200910260293 A CN 200910260293A CN 101990818 A CN101990818 A CN 101990818A
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Abstract
The invention discloses technology for establishing alfalfa grasslands at cold regions. The technology comprises the following steps of: seeding preparation, namely selecting stub land of which the preceding stubs are closely planted crops, ploughing and harrowing soil, manuring barnyard manure, and weeding; alfalfa seeding, namely seeding in early May, backfilling shallow soil, and raking the soil smooth before being frozen, wherein the seeding row spacing is 30 to 40 centimeters; the seeding ditch depth is 10 to 15 centimeters; the seeding quantity is 37.5 to 45kg per hectometer; and the seeding depth is about 2 centimeters; establishing management, namely weeding when the height of alfalfa plants is about 10 centimeters and then watering and manuring the barnyard manure or a phosphatic fertilizer; grassland mowing, namely mowing in early October in the first year, and moving the first stubs in middle July and the second stubs in late September in next year; and winter irrigation, namely performing winter irrigation before the soil is frozen. By selecting cold-resistant alfalfa varieties and suitable cold-resistant planting technology, the alfalfa can smoothly live through a first winter and spring, the aim of establishing the alfalfa grasslands at the cold regions is fulfilled, and the problems of leguminous forage deficiency and nutritional imbalance of domestic animals at the cold regions are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the clover grass planting, particularly, relate to clover meadow, a kind of cold ground build and plant technology.
Background technology
The Alpine-arctic Pastoral leguminous forage lacks, the livestock nutrition imbalance.The main cause that causes this phenomenon is that suitable cultivation leguminous forage kind is few on the one hand, is that pulse family sown pasture build and plant technology lacks on the other hand.Clover in the pulse family is with its output height, herbaceous stem is good, the advantage of livestock and poultry happiness food is described as " king of herbage ", the area of clover suitable planting is warm warm nature climatic region, area, temperate zone, the alfalfa variety of suitable planting is abundant, the meadow planting is success easily, and the culture technique key point mainly is the high-yield high-grade culture technique of selecting the high yield and high quality kind of disease-resistant worm, high-output stress-resistance, the warm warm nature weather conditions in area, suitable temperate zone and soil condition and using warm warm nature climatic region, area, temperate zone cropping system.
And cold ground planting clover meadow, the suitable weather conditions of Gonna breakthrough alfalfa growing, the essence change has taken place in the alfalfa variety characteristic of use and build and plant technology characteristic, and key of success mainly is conceived to hibernating ability.Influence the factor of clover wintering rate except this key factor of cold resistance (anti-chilling injury ability) of kind itself, also grade relevantly with severe degree, the soil water that extreme lowest temperature and duration thereof, rate of temperature fall, heating rate, face of land Spring Freeze-thawing replace, also relate to and have or not snow lid, ice-bound, earth backing, pour water, cradle herd, all many-sides such as the sick worm plague of rats, collar embedded depth., cold tolerance that its meadow planting key of success is an alfalfa variety itself and protection seedling improve the culture technique of wintering rate but avoiding the freeze injury damage.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to,, propose clover meadow, a kind of cold ground build and plant technology at the problems referred to above, with realize that clover meadow cold tolerance is strong, output is high solves herbage and lack, plant simple advantage.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Clover meadow, a kind of cold ground build and plant technology comprises the steps:
1) sowing is prepared: stubble is the stub land of dense planting crop before selecting, and ploughs rake soil, manuring, cuts weeds;
2) clover sowing: sow clover the first tenday period of a month in May, sowing line-spacing 30～40cm, sowing ditch depth 10～15cm, seeding quantity 37.5～45kg/hm
2, about sowing depth 2cm, about earth backing thickness 2cm, will rake en bloc before the frozen soil, be equivalent to make the Radix Medicaginis throat depth go into the underground freeze injury that alleviates into giving the clover earth backing before the winter;
3) planting management: spring, temperature was low, sowed that growth of seedling is very slow then, reached branch phase or squaring period just to fall frost, cut weeds about clover plant height 10cm, and the back of hoeing up weeds imposes barnyard manure 225t-375t/km in conjunction with pouring water
2Or phosphate fertilizer 300-450kg/hm
2, this base fertilizer has very big facilitation to growth of seedling, cold ground 1 year overwintering mortality of clover sowing is higher, alleviates year by year later in 1 year so that stable, just can sustainable utilization for many years;
4) meadow cradles: sowing then early October cradles after falling frost, about stubble height 10cm, this moment clover because of falling white natural freeze-drying, plant stops growing, cradling to influence root system storage nutrient; And rainy season mistake, temperature is very low, " the freeze-drying grass " of results just handled directly bundling stacking long-term storage without other, as Winter-Spring supplementary feeding hay; From the 2nd year, mid-July, bud stage or initial bloom stage cradled first batch, stubble height apart from about the 5cm of ground, late September full-bloom stage cradle second batch, stubble height 7-8cm;
5) irritate winter water: carry out the October 20～30 of pouring water before frozen ground, and irrigation volume freezes at surface pond with the infiltration plow layer, in order to avoid cause the death of root anoxia asphyxia, pouring water before surviving the winter to significantly improve the clover wintering rate.
Further, described clover is one or more in golden queen, A Ergangjin, clover king, giant 201 clovers and No. 1 clover of Gan Nong, and these kinds are suitable for the high and cold area plantation of height above sea level 3050m, and strong stress resistance, productivity are good.
Further, described barnyard manure is the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Further, described dense planting crop is oat, blue or green, barley, rape.
Experiment:
The first tenday period of a month in May sowing or turn green sow and is cradled first batch of grass in mid-July, second, and late September cradles eldish, plant 1 year wintering rate 63%～64.8%, second year 92%～98.3%, careless 1600 kilograms～2100 kilograms of average yield per mu aquatic foods.Described 5 alfalfa varieties all have the part plant to blossom and bear fruit and the seed maturation, and wherein the solid plant ratio of No. 1 clover of A Ergangjin and Gan Nong is higher than other kind.Under the gold clover large tracts of land unicast conditions of A Er hilllock, 1 year bright careless output of planting reaches 13695kg/hm
2, reached 27082.5kg/hm on the 3rd year
2, reached 31965kg/hm on the 4th year
2At the high and cold area of height above sea level 3050m, the A Er hilllock most of plant of gold clover can be finished breeding time, blossoms and bears fruit.
Beneficial effect:
The area of clover suitable planting is warm warm nature climatic region, area, temperate zone, the alfalfa variety of suitable planting is abundant, the meadow planting is success easily, and the culture technique key point mainly is the high-yield high-grade culture technique of selecting the high yield and high quality kind of disease-resistant worm, high-output stress-resistance, the warm warm nature weather conditions in area, suitable temperate zone and soil condition and using warm warm nature climatic region, area, temperate zone cropping system.And cold ground planting clover meadow, the suitable weather conditions of Gonna breakthrough alfalfa growing, the essence change has taken place in the alfalfa variety characteristic of use and build and plant technology characteristic, and key of success mainly is conceived to hibernating ability.The characteristics that clover meadow, cold ground of the present invention build and plant technology is different from other technology are:
1) the sowing alfalfa variety ability of surviving the winter places first, uses alfalfa variety through Han Qu plantation screening, and tolerance to cold is very strong, and 1 year wintering rate of Han Qu plantation reaches more than 60%, suitable cold ground weather environmental condition and the kind of normal growth.
2) growth season short, implement the sowing in spring, and adopt the special type of seeding of raking before deep ditching, shallow earth backing, the frozen soil.Wide line-spacing helps cutting weeds seedling stage, opens to seed deeply ditch and help earthing before the frozen soil, and the high amount of broadcasting helps guaranteeing into seedling density, will rake en bloc surviving the winter before, is equivalent to before the winter to make collar in depth alleviate freeze injury down to the clover earth backing.
3) first is only to grow into and branch phase or squaring period has just fallen frost, adopts the seedling phase to cut weeds, impose in conjunction with pouring water the cultivation step that a small amount of fertilizer etc. helps promoting growth of seedling, with the raising ability of surviving the winter.
4) sowing can not be cradled by the borderline risk phase (mid or late August) of cauline leaf toward the root transfer at the herbage nutrient then, cradle autumn (at the beginning of 10 months) after falling white natural freeze-drying carries out time, at this moment plant stops growing already, and cradling to influence root system storage nutrient; And rainy season mistake, temperature is very low, " the freeze-drying grass " of results just handled directly bundling stacking long-term storage without other, as Winter-Spring supplementary feeding hay.From the 2nd year, riotous growth, grass yield is much improved.Pour water before surviving the winter and to significantly improve wintering rate.
5) after the meadow was built up, be more suitable for bud stage and cradle first batch of careless harvest time, to avoid the rainy season of early autumn.
6) cold district natural precipitation amount is more relatively, and brook, river are more, and irrigation conditions is better relatively, and planting clover meadow helps making full use of cold ground moisture resource increases forage yield.
7) can solve cold district domestic animal leguminous forage and lack and the nutritional imbalance problem, improve the livestock nutrition situation, improve the Livestock Production rate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein only is used for description and interpretation the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
Embodiment one
Clover meadow, cold ground build and plant technology, selecting grass seeds for use is golden queen, comprises the steps:
1) sowing is prepared: stubble be the stub land of oat before selecting, and ploughs and harrows soil, executes the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, cuts weeds;
2) clover sowing: sow clover the first tenday period of a month in May, sowing line-spacing 30cm, sowing ditch depth 10cm, seeding quantity 37.5kg/hm
2, about sowing depth 2cm, about earth backing thickness 2cm, will rake en bloc before the frozen soil, be equivalent to make the Radix Medicaginis throat depth go into the underground freeze injury that alleviates into giving the clover earth backing before the winter;
3) planting management: spring, temperature was low, sowed that growth of seedling is very slow then, reached branch phase or squaring period just to fall frost, cut weeds about clover plant height 10cm, and the back of hoeing up weeds imposes the animal manure 225t/km that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with pouring water
2Or phosphate fertilizer 300kg/hm
2, this base fertilizer has very big facilitation to children grass growth, cold ground 1 year overwintering mortality of clover sowing is higher, alleviates year by year later in 1 year so that stable, just can sustainable utilization for many years;
4) meadow cradles: the early October of sowing then cradles, and about stubble height 10cm, clover is because of falling white natural freeze-drying at this moment, and plant stops growing, and cradling to influence root system storage nutrient; And rainy season mistake, temperature is very low, " the freeze-drying grass " of results just handled directly bundling stacking long-term storage without other, as Winter-Spring supplementary feeding hay; From the 2nd year, mid-July, bud stage or initial bloom stage cradled first batch, stubble height apart from about the 5cm of ground, late September full-bloom stage cradle second batch, stubble height 7cm;
5) irritate winter water: pour water and carry out before frozen ground, irritate the foot infiltration, but do not freeze at surface pond, in order to avoid cause the death of root anoxia asphyxia, pouring water before surviving the winter to significantly improve wintering rate.
Embodiment two
Clover meadow, cold ground build and plant technology, selecting grass seeds for use is giant 201 clovers, comprises the steps:
1) sowing is prepared: stubble be the stub land of oat before selecting, and ploughs and harrows soil, executes the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, cuts weeds;
2) clover sowing: sow clover the first tenday period of a month in May, sowing line-spacing 40cm, sowing ditch depth 15cm, seeding quantity 45kg/hm
2, about sowing depth 2cm, about earth backing thickness 2cm, will rake en bloc before the frozen soil, be equivalent to make the Radix Medicaginis throat depth go into the underground freeze injury that alleviates into giving the clover earth backing before the winter;
3) planting management: spring, temperature was low, sowed that growth of seedling is very slow then, reached branch phase or squaring period just to fall frost, cut weeds about clover plant height 10cm, and the back of hoeing up weeds imposes the animal manure 375t/km that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with pouring water
2Or phosphate fertilizer 450kg/hm
2, this base fertilizer has very big facilitation to children grass growth, cold ground 1 year overwintering mortality of clover sowing is higher, alleviates year by year later in 1 year so that stable, just can sustainable utilization for many years;
4) meadow cradles: sowing then early October cradles after falling frost, about stubble height 10cm, this moment clover because of falling white natural freeze-drying, plant stops growing, cradling to influence root system storage nutrient; And rainy season mistake, temperature is very low, " the freeze-drying grass " of results just handled directly bundling stacking long-term storage without other, as Winter-Spring supplementary feeding hay; From the 2nd year, mid-July, bud stage or initial bloom stage cradled first batch, stubble height apart from about the 5cm of ground, late September full-bloom stage cradle second batch, stubble height 8cm;
5) irritate winter water: carry out the October 20～30 of pouring water before frozen ground, and irrigation volume is with the infiltration plow layer, but freeze at surface pond, in order to avoid cause the death of root anoxia asphyxia, pouring water before surviving the winter to significantly improve wintering rate.
Embodiment three
Clover meadow, cold ground build and plant technology, selecting grass seeds for use is sweet agricultural No. 1 clover, comprises the steps:
1) sowing is prepared: stubble be the stub land of barley before selecting, and ploughs and harrows soil, executes the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, cuts weeds;
2) clover sowing: the first tenday period of a month in May, sowing clover, sowing line-spacing 35cm, sowing ditch depth 12cm, seeding quantity 40kg/hm
2, about sowing depth 2cm, about earth backing thickness 2cm, will rake en bloc before the frozen soil, be equivalent to make the Radix Medicaginis throat depth go into the underground freeze injury that alleviates into giving the clover earth backing before the winter;
3) planting management: spring, temperature was low, sowed that growth of seedling is very slow then, reached branch phase or squaring period just to fall frost, cut weeds about clover plant height 10cm, and the back of hoeing up weeds imposes the animal manure 300t/km that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with pouring water
2Or phosphate fertilizer 400kg/hm
2, this base fertilizer has very big facilitation to children grass growth, cold ground 1 year overwintering mortality of clover sowing is higher, alleviates year by year later in 1 year so that stable, just can sustainable utilization for many years;
4) meadow cradles: sowing then early October cradles after falling frost, about stubble height 10cm, this moment clover because of falling white natural freeze-drying, plant stops growing, cradling to influence root system storage nutrient; And rainy season mistake, temperature is very low, " the freeze-drying grass " of results just handled directly bundling stacking long-term storage without other, as Winter-Spring supplementary feeding hay; From the 2nd year, mid-July, bud stage or initial bloom stage cradled first batch, stubble height apart from about the 5cm of ground, late September full-bloom stage cradle second batch, stubble height 7.5cm;
5) irritate winter water: carry out the October 20～30 of pouring water before frozen ground, and irrigation volume is with the infiltration plow layer, but freeze at surface pond, in order to avoid cause the death of root anoxia asphyxia, pouring water before surviving the winter to significantly improve wintering rate.
Embodiment four
Clover meadow, cold ground build and plant technology, selecting grass seeds for use is the clover king, comprises the steps:
1) sowing is prepared: stubble be the stub land of rape before selecting, and ploughs and harrows soil, executes the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, cuts weeds;
2) clover sowing: the first tenday period of a month in May, sowing clover, sowing line-spacing 38cm, sowing ditch depth 14cm, seeding quantity 42kg/hm
2, about sowing depth 2cm, about earth backing thickness 2cm, will rake en bloc before the frozen soil, be equivalent to make the Radix Medicaginis throat depth go into the underground freeze injury that alleviates into giving the clover earth backing before the winter;
3) planting management: spring, temperature was low, sowed that growth of seedling is very slow then, reached branch phase or squaring period just to fall frost, cut weeds about clover plant height 10cm, and the back of hoeing up weeds imposes the animal manure 350t/km that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with pouring water
2Or phosphate fertilizer 350kg/hm
2, this base fertilizer has very big facilitation to children grass growth, cold ground 1 year overwintering mortality of clover sowing is higher, alleviates year by year later in 1 year so that stable, just can sustainable utilization for many years;
4) meadow cradles: sowing then early October cradles after falling frost, about stubble height 10cm, this moment clover because of falling white natural freeze-drying, plant stops growing, cradling to influence root system storage nutrient; And rainy season mistake, temperature is very low, " the freeze-drying grass " of results just handled directly bundling stacking long-term storage without other, as Winter-Spring supplementary feeding hay; From the 2nd year, mid-July, bud stage or initial bloom stage cradled first batch, stubble height apart from about the 5cm of ground, late September full-bloom stage cradle second batch, stubble height 7cm;
5) irritate winter water: carry out the October 20～30 of pouring water before frozen ground, and irrigation volume is with the infiltration plow layer, but freeze at surface pond, in order to avoid cause the death of root anoxia asphyxia, pouring water before surviving the winter to significantly improve wintering rate.
Embodiment five
Clover meadow, cold ground build and plant technology, selecting grass seeds for use is the A Ergangjin clover, comprises the steps:
1) sowing is prepared: stubble be blue or green a stub land before selecting, and ploughs and harrows soil, executes the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, cuts weeds;
2) clover sowing: the first tenday period of a month in May, sowing clover, sowing line-spacing 32cm, sowing ditch depth 11cm, seeding quantity 39kg/hm
2, about sowing depth 2cm, about earth backing thickness 2cm, will rake en bloc before the frozen soil, be equivalent to make the Radix Medicaginis throat depth go into the underground freeze injury that alleviates into giving the clover earth backing before the winter;
3) planting management: spring, temperature was low, sowed that growth of seedling is very slow then, reached branch phase or squaring period just to fall frost, cut weeds about clover plant height 10cm, and the back of hoeing up weeds imposes the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed: 250t/km in conjunction with pouring water
2Or phosphate fertilizer: 390kg/hm
2, this base fertilizer has very big facilitation to children grass growth, cold ground 1 year overwintering mortality of clover sowing is higher, alleviates year by year later in 1 year so that stable, just can sustainable utilization for many years;
4) meadow cradles: sowing then early October cradles after falling frost, about stubble height 10cm, this moment clover because of falling white natural freeze-drying, plant stops growing, cradling to influence root system storage nutrient; And rainy season mistake, temperature is very low, " the freeze-drying grass " of results just handled directly bundling stacking long-term storage without other, as Winter-Spring supplementary feeding hay; From the 2nd year, mid-July, bud stage or initial bloom stage cradled first batch, stubble height apart from about the 5cm of ground, late September full-bloom stage cradle second batch, stubble height 8cm;
5) irritate winter water: carry out the October 20～30 of pouring water before frozen ground, and irrigation volume is with the infiltration plow layer, but freeze at surface pond, in order to avoid cause the death of root anoxia asphyxia, pouring water before surviving the winter to significantly improve wintering rate.
It should be noted that at last: the above only is the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment put down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. clover meadow, cold ground build and plant technology is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) sowing is prepared: stubble is the stub land of dense planting crop before selecting, and ploughs rake soil, manuring, cuts weeds;
2) clover sowing: sow clover the first tenday period of a month in May, sowing line-spacing 30～40cm, sowing ditch depth 10～15cm, seeding quantity 37.5～45kg/hm
2, about sowing depth 2cm, about earth backing thickness 2cm, rake before the frozen soil;
3) planting management: cut weeds when the clover plant height 10cm left and right sides, the back of hoeing up weeds imposes barnyard manure 225t-375t/km in conjunction with pouring water
2Or phosphate fertilizer 300-450kg/hm
2
4) meadow cradles: sowing then early October cradles after falling frost, about stubble height 10cm; From sowing the 2nd year, mid-July, bud stage or initial bloom stage cradled first batch, stubble height apart from about the 5cm of ground,
Late September, full-bloom stage cradled second batch, stubble height 7-8cm;
5) irritate winter water: pour water and carry out before frozen ground, irrigation volume does not form ponding and freezes with the infiltration plow layer on the face of land.
2. clover meadow, cold ground according to claim 1 build and plant technology is characterized in that, described clover is one or more in golden queen, A Ergangjin, clover king, giant 201 clovers and No. 1 clover of Gan Nong.
3. clover meadow, cold ground according to claim 1 build and plant technology is characterized in that, described dense planting crop is oat, blue or green, barley, rape.
4. clover meadow, cold ground according to claim 1 build and plant technology is characterized in that described barnyard manure is the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
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| CN108496700A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-09-07 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of spring planting and establishing method of Alfalfa in Kerqin Sandy Land |
| CN109042096A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-21 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland and the implantation methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland |
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| CN109496756A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-22 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the cold area's Alfalfa of high latitude |
| CN113207560A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-06 | 河南青源天仁生物技术有限公司 | Alfalfa planting method with full-biodegradable mulching film covering |
| CN114766161A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-22 | 云南省草地动物科学研究院 | Organic fertilizer application method for alfalfa grassland in alpine region |
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