CN105638198B - A kind of implantation methods improving cold district timothy grass wintering rate - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods improving cold district timothy grass wintering rate Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods for improving cold district timothy grass wintering rate, comprising the following steps: sowing: site preparation, and deep ditching sowing broadcasts rear shallow earthing, applies starter of fertilizer in seedbed；Cradle and apply fertilizer: sowing current year without cradling, only applies fertilizer for 1 month before the local Frost's Descent；It broadcasts rear second year to rise, cradled within 1 month 1 time and applied fertilizer respectively before annual heading stage and the local Frost's Descent；Irrigate: having artificial irrigation conditions, irrigates 1 time after fertilising every time, after daily mean temperature is lower than 0 DEG C in winter every year and spring turn green after irrigate freeze-up water respectively and turn green water 1 time；Prosthetic irrigation conditions is irrigated with natural precipitation.The method according to the invention plants timothy grass in the northern area of China, plant wintering rate has been increased to 95% or more less than 35% by original, significant effect successfully breaches the technical bottleneck of overwintering hardly possible in northern China or even the plantation of the Northeast's timothy grass large-scale promotion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant planting fields, more particularly to a kind of plantation side for improving cold district timothy grass wintering rate
Method.
Background technique
Timothy grass (Phleum pretense L.) is grass family ladder forage spp type half winter, tussock plant many years, is originated in
In Eurasia, by the early stage immigrant band people U.S. of New England, with being now mainly distributed on eastern Canada, Hokkaido, Japan
Area, Australia are northern, the U.S., Russia, West Europe and Northern Europe.Timothy grass likes the moist climate that cools, and is mainly distributed on north latitude
Between 40 ° -50 °, for whole world Kittentails there are about 10 kinds, there are 4 wild species in China, and wherein countries in the world cultivation is most extensively cat
The timothy grass (Phleum pretense L.) that tail grass belongs to.The timothy grass service life is long, and generally using 5-7, and the food value of leaf is delicate, produces
Grass amount is high, full of nutrition, is the excellent forage grass that domestic animal is fond of.Meanwhile timothy grass can also absorb and deposit lead, cadmium, arsenic, zinc, mercury
Etc. heavy metal ion, purify water source and soil, prevent erosion, be good soil-and-water conservation effect.
In recent years, timothy grass is used as horse racing high quality grass again, and the impetus of fodder grass market development at home and abroad is powerful, but at present
International market timothy grass forage grass critical shortage, annual forage grass notch is up to 10,000,000 tons, and existing all kinds of horse associations of China and match
Horse club more than 100, needs 500,000 tons of high quality grass or more year, supply-demand relationship is nervous, forage grass price section by horse racing nearly 120,000
Section is soaring, and 2000 yuan/ton of timothy grass green hay domestic price in 2003 rises to 5000-8000 yuan/ton, and product in 2015
Supply falls short of demand, and domestic and international selling market prospect is very wide.On the other hand, China northeast, North China have large area to be suitable for cat
The land resource of tail grass large-scale planting, but fail always to be utilized extensively for a long time, one of the main reasons northern area
Weather winter is cold, precipitation is few, and timothy grass cold resistance is relatively weak, this low critical issue of overwintering survival rate does not have always
Have and solved very well, becomes the technical bottleneck of timothy grass industrialized development.
As a result, if there is a kind of method can significantly improve timothy grass overwintering survival rate, winter-spring season plant large area is prevented
Death, then can make full use of China northeast, North China's tact resource plantation timothy grass, the exposed earth's surface of rapid Cover,
Culture fertility, improve soil physico-chemical property, reduce soil erosion, moreover it is possible to by large-scale planting the northern area of China formed with
Timothy grass forage grass is supplied as the industrialized development mode of characteristic, on the one hand can alleviate China's timothy grass market shortages situation, increases
Add characteristic forage grass export supply, so that increasing peasant income, country is increased benefit, on the other hand can promote local labour employment, improve area
The initiative and enthusiasm of ecological environmental protection realize the general objective of ecological environment treatment and income cooperative development.
Have reported at present " a method of improve Chinese pennisetum wintering rate ", this method exists mainly for Chinese pennisetum wild species
A kind of cultural method that the low problem of wintering rate existing for during the introduction and acclimatization of Loess Plateau in Gansu Province proposes, on the one hand, sweet
Respectful local climate and the Inner Mongol, northern Hebei and the Northeast's climate difference are larger, influence difference to the overwintering situation of plant growth
Larger, on the other hand, Chinese pennisetum and timothy grass belong to not belong to kind of a plant, seed morphology and Vegetative growth on taxology
There are larger difference, cultural methods to be not quite similar naturally for characteristic, and in this method using cradle back root part earthing, in the ranks cover it is miscellaneous
Grass and after overwintering turn green again place to go weeds method improve wintering rate, do not fully consider that retain water and nutrients factor, program are multiple
It is miscellaneous, the technical costs of production is virtually increased, if machinery applies this method, is not conformed to the actual conditions, inevitable low efficiency, risk are big,
It is difficult to reach ideal overwintering effect, it is therefore desirable to based on northern China and the Northeast's climatic characteristic and practical land occupation condition,
It proposes the effective ways that the suitable timothy grass planting in this area and wintering rate improve, could finally solve timothy grass safe overwintering
Technical bottleneck.
Summary of the invention
For during the timothy grass plant development of current northern China or even the Northeast, implantation methods are lack of standardization, manage
Manage it is not in place so that plant it is overwintering survive it is low, turn green after easily cause Large Scale Death, eventually lead to timothy grass forage grass production lose
The main problems such as lose, the present invention provides a kind of implantation methods for improving cold district timothy grass wintering rate.
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods for improving cold district timothy grass wintering rate, comprising the following steps:
Sowing: site preparation, deep ditching sowing broadcast rear shallow earthing, apply starter of fertilizer in seedbed；
Field management:
A cradles and applies fertilizer: sowing current year without cradling, only applies fertilizer for 1 month before the local Frost's Descent；Rear second year is broadcast to rise,
It cradled within 1 month 1 time and applied fertilizer respectively before annual heading stage and the local Frost's Descent.
B is irrigated, specific as follows:
B1 has artificial irrigation conditions: irrigates 1 time after fertilising every time, daily mean temperature is lower than after 0 DEG C and the spring in winter every year
Freeze-up water is irrigated after turning green in season respectively and is turned green water 1 time；
B2 prosthetic irrigation conditions: it is irrigated with natural precipitation.
Wherein, the site preparation, specific steps are as follows: the aboveground vegetation part that stubble is left before clearing up first, soil of then deep ploughing
20-22cm, then remaining root system of plant in soil is removed, clods breaking a kind of farm tools larger in soil is put down, soil is suppressed.
Wherein, the sowing, sowing time are as follows:
1) there is artificial irrigation conditions, sow the 6-7 month；
2) prosthetic irrigation conditions is sowed for 3-5 days before rainy season drizzle or moderate rain rainfall.
Wherein, the sowing, 1.5-2.0kg/ mus of application rate, line-spacing 30-35cm.
Wherein, the deep ditching sowing, broadcasts rear shallow earthing, ditch depth 10-15cm, thickness of earth-fill cover 1cm.
The shallow earthing is suppressed after earthing.
Wherein, described to apply starter of fertilizer in seedbed, to apply 4.0kg/ mus of phosphoric acid diamines.
Wherein, it applied fertilizer within 1 month before sowing current year in the local Frost's Descent, to apply 4.0kg/ mus of phosphoric acid diamines.
Wherein, it cradled within 1 month 1 time and applied fertilizer respectively before the annual heading stage and the local Frost's Descent, are as follows: heading stage cuts
It cuts, height for the stubble left 5.0-7.0cm, 10.0-12.0kg/ mus of urea is imposed after cradling, cradle within 1 month before the Frost's Descent, the height for the stubble left
8.0-10.0cm imposes 5.0-10.0kg/ mus of phosphoric acid diamines after cradling.
Wherein, the irrigation increases and irrigates 1-2 times such as arid after timothy grass emergence.
Wherein, the irrigation, each irrigation volume are to be impregnated with topsoil 20-22cm depth.
Wherein, the irrigation, flood irrigation and sprinkling irrigation, are preferred with sprinkling irrigation.
The present invention also provides the implantation methods for improving cold district timothy grass wintering rate answering in timothy grass plantation
With.
Key point of the invention is as follows:
1, water furrow planting: ensure technique invention successfully primary key point be water furrow planting method, when sowing opens
Trench depth is 10-15cm, thickness of earth-fill cover 1.0cm, can not only add and seed is promoted to sprout and quickly emerge, but also seedling microenvironment can be improved
Soil moisture content and the superficial layer soil moisture are conducive to seedling stage plant healthy growth and improve winter-spring season plant cold tolerance.
2, apply fertilizer: sowing current year, plant resistance is relatively weak, the pass for then becoming grassland establishment success or not overwintering for the first time
The key stage.With starter of fertilizer in seedbed phosphoric acid diamines and before the local Frost's Descent, 1 month application of phosphoric acid diamines is 4.0kg/ mus each when sowing, can promote
Plant nutrition accumulation, plays strong sprout effect of keeping a full stand of seedings, and is conducive to improve plant wintering rate.Meanwhile in the management after sowing the 2nd year,
10.0-12.0kg/ mus of urea are imposed after cradling immediately, plant regeneration and light and effect can be promoted, improves plant winter resistance.
3, cradle irrigation: the irrigation that cradles after planting is the raising another key point of plant hibernating ability in Pasture management, no
The suitable toothing that cradles will be greatly reduced the winter resistance of plant, even result in overwintering plant mortality, especially sowing current year, plant
Strain resistance is weaker, general to clear up it is not recommended that being cradled before the winter with weeds, only completes Feng Dongqian as required and irrigates, broadcasts
It the 2nd year after kind, can cradle in due course 2 times, once at heading stage, once 1 month before the local Frost's Descent, cradle toothing height 2 times
Degree is different, and the heading stage height for the stubble left is 5.0-7.0cm, cradles within 1 month before the Frost's Descent, height for the stubble left 8.0-10.0cm.
The invention has the following advantages:
The shallow earthing measure of deep ditching when sowing can increase surface roughness, improve seed germination micro-environment soil and contain
Water and the superficial layer soil moisture promote seed to sprout and quickly emerge, at the same time it can also reduce the seedling root after seed is sprouted
The position of stem in the soil mitigates the freeze injury of the main overwintering position rhizome of winter-spring season plant, to improve the cold-resistant of overwintering plant
Ability.In addition, being to ensure that the main of invention effect with fertilizer irrigation with rationally cradling in Pasture management with starter of fertilizer in seedbed when sowing
Measure, whole operation process must get to ideal overwintering effect by technical solution strict implement.The invention with " one kind mentions
The method of high Chinese pennisetum wintering rate " is compared, and trench digging is deep, line-spacing is narrow, toothing is short, and can cradle 2 times after sowing the 2nd year every year, greatly
Timothy grass planting density and forage yield are increased greatly, and remarkable in economical benefits improves.Meanwhile in the inventive technique scheme, it is not necessarily to
It is overwintering it is preceding secondary soil-covering and weeds carried out to meadow cover, reduce technical operation program, saved management cost, convenient for real
Border production is promoted, in addition, the invention tests application the north more, plant wintering rate is increased to by original less than 35%
95% or more, significant effect successfully breaches overwintering in northern China or even the plantation of the Northeast timothy grass large-scale promotion
Difficult technical bottleneck.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
The plantation of 1 Hebei Bashang Region timothy grass of embodiment
Guyuan County of Hebei Province is located in Bashang plateau, and reachable -35 DEG C of extreme temperature in winter is preceding hereinafter, during 2000-2001
2 plantation timothy grasses afterwards, are all made of flat planting mode, that is, after consolidation, do not ditch, directly broadcast using 2-4 row seeder
Kind, depth 3-5cm, 0.5kg/ mu of application rate, and not with starter of fertilizer in seedbed when sowing, after planting only irrigation 1 time, and it is freeze-up before the winter when
With turn green after without fertilising and irrigate, the gross area reaches 3000 mu, fails because plant fails overwintering turn green.
Guyuan pasture is by planting 100 mu of timothy grass using technical solution of the present invention on the dam of Hebei in 2002.It is first before sowing
Ground preceding crop is first cleared up, then tractor is attached to five-furrow plough deep ploughing soil 22cm and makes after removing pedo relict root system of plant
Clods breaking a kind of farm tools larger in soil is put down with rotary cultivator band a kind of farm tools, last land presser suppresses soil.After consolidation is good, according to per acre
1.5kg timothy grass seed+4.0kg phosphoric acid diamines seed manure is mixed, and the plug-in smooth ring after no-tillage machine goes out kind of mouth, trench digging are broadcast
Kind is disposably completed with earthing, ditch depth 15cm, line-spacing 35cm, earthing 1.0cm, last land presser suppression.After the completion of sowing immediately
It sprays, irrigation volume reaches until being impregnated with topsoil 22cm depth.After timothy grass emergence, due to sowing current year great drought,
Seedling stage and mid-September (1 month before the local Frost's Descent), which respectively increase, irrigates 1 time, while imposing phosphoric acid diamines before irrigating mid-September
4.0kg/ mus, freeze-up water is then irrigated when mid-November, daily mean temperature reached 0 DEG C or less, sowing current year is not cradled.It is whole
After a operating process, observation enters for 2002 turned green before the winter with 2003 after plant spacing, calculated result shows that timothy grass is got over
Winter rate reaches 96%, improves timothy grass in local forage grass production process comprehensively and is difficult to overwintering situation.Timothy grass returns within 2003
Water of turning green is irrigated after blueness, heading stage cradles toothing 5.0cm after harvest, imposes 10.0kg/ mus of urea, then spray, in September
Ten days (1 month before the local Frost's Descent) cradles again, and height for the stubble left 10.0cm sprays after imposing 5.0kg/ mus of phosphoric acid diamines, and temperature reaches
Freeze-up water is poured to 0 DEG C or less, timothy grass wintering rate is observed more after year still up to 96% or more, breaks local cat within continuous 2 years
Tail grass produces the historical record for being unable to safe overwintering.
The plantation of 2 Inner Mongol Hailar Area timothy grass of embodiment
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hailar City is located in China northeast, Heilongjiang Province's direction northwest, and extreme temperature in winter reaches -40
DEG C hereinafter, plant timothy grass during 2011-2013, although taking the methods of earthing before the winter, because using flat planting side when sowing
Formula is not ditched, and 1.0kg/ mus of application rate, depth of planting only 3cm, line-spacing 15cm, and not with starter of fertilizer in seedbed when sowing, after planting nothing again
Irrigation conditions, also without carrying out corresponding measures of fertilizer, but wintering rate is still less than 30%.
The pasture Te Nihe of Hailaer in 2014 plants 100 mu of timothy grass using the inventive technique, arranges soil before sowing first
Stubble before the rape of ground is cleared up on ground, and then tractor is attached to five-furrow plough deep ploughing soil 22cm, and removes pedo relict root system, is made
It, compared with large clod, will be suppressed after a kind of farm tools is flat in broken soil with rotary cultivator band a kind of farm tools.Since this area does not have irrigation conditions, needed before sowing
Local Weather Report is paid close attention to, after learning rainy forecast in the recent period, first, in accordance with 2.0kg timothy grass seed+4.0kg phosphoric acid diamines per acre
2-4 row seeder, and plug-in steamboat, water furrow planting and earthing one after seeder goes out kind of mouth are poured into after seed is mixed with seed manure
Secondary property is completed, ditch depth 10cm, line-spacing 32cm, and earthing 1.0cm, last land presser suppression spits, completes certainly for after planting the 3rd day
It so irrigates, multiple natural precipitation, can satisfy timothy grass and grow demand substantially later.Sowing current year does not carry out cradling harvest, September
The first tenday period of a month impose 4.0kg/ mus of phosphoric acid diamines.Entering within 2014 and observes plant spacing after being turned green before the winter with 2015, calculated result is shown,
Timothy grass wintering rate has reached 95%, and compared with not taking technical solution of the present invention before, overwintering efficiency improves 300% or more,
Effect is fairly obvious.In August, the 2nd carries out timothy grass seed and green fodder harvesting, toothing 8cm within after planting, and imposes immediately after cradling
10.0kg/ mus of urea, plant grows fine at present, overwintering has established good nutrition foundation for -2016 years winters in 2015.
The plantation of 3 Yanqing County of Beijing area timothy grass of embodiment
Yanqing County, Beijing is located in West Beijing the North, is temperate zone and middle temperate zone, semiarid though belonging to continental monsoon climatic region
With exceedingly band semi-moist, but by the geographic influences such as Yanshan mountain range and Jundu Shan Mountain, winter is mainly by northwest cold dry air activity control
System, precipitation is rare, and day and night temperature is big, and reachable -15 DEG C of extreme temperature in winter is hereinafter, 2004-2007 carries out waste beach transformation again
During utilization, after consolidation, artificial seeding is directly carried out in the case where not ditching, 1.0kg/ mus of application rate, depth 5cm,
Line-spacing 45cm, and not with starter of fertilizer in seedbed when sowing, after planting because there is no irrigation conditions, also do not apply fertilizer, sowing timothy grass is got over
Winter, rate was less than 45%.
The 2008 Beijing city Yanqing County town Zhang Shanying famine beach application technical solution of the present invention plants 50 mu of timothy grass, sowing
Preceding first to clear up ground weeds, then tractor is attached to five-furrow plough deep ploughing soil 20cm, removes pedo relict root system of plant and great Shi,
Then rotary cultivator band a kind of farm tools is crushed in soil compared with large clod, a kind of farm tools grading earth.Since this area does not have irrigation conditions, first concern is worked as sowing
Ground weather forecast has first 3 days of rain day in forecast, according to 2.0kg timothy grass seed+4.0kg phosphoric acid diamines per acre by seed with
The small-sized one-row drill seeder of self-control is poured into after seed manure mixing and carries out artificial seeding, and trench digging 10cm is deep when sowing, line-spacing 35cm, after planting
It using the artificial earthing 1.0cm of rake, spits within the 2nd day later, completes nature and irrigate, only meet timothy grass by natural precipitation later
Normal growth demand imposes 4.0kg/ mus of phosphoric acid diamines October, and sowing current year does not cradle harvest.Entered within 2008 before the winter with 2009
Year observes plant spacing after turning green, and calculated result is shown, timothy grass wintering rate reaches 98%, and does not take the technology of the present invention before
Scheme is compared, and overwintering efficiency improves 200% or more, is achieved noticeable achievement.It cradles 2 times within after planting the 2nd year, is to cradle the 1st June respectively
Secondary, toothing 5cm imposes 10.0kg/ mus of urea after cradling, September part cradles the 2nd time, toothing 8cm, and after cradling, natural precipitation
Before impose 10.0kg/ mus of urea, and the 3rd year after planting, i.e., after 2010 turn green, wintering rate still kept 95% or more.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of implantation methods for improving cold district timothy grass wintering rate, which comprises the following steps:
Sowing: site preparation, deep ditching sowing broadcast rear shallow earthing, apply starter of fertilizer in seedbed；
Sowing time is as follows:
1) there is artificial irrigation conditions, sow the 6-7 month；
2) prosthetic irrigation conditions is sowed for 3-5 days before rainy season drizzle or moderate rain rainfall；
Field management:
A cradles and applies fertilizer: sowing current year without cradling, only applies fertilizer for 1 month before the local Frost's Descent；It broadcasts rear second year to rise, every year
It cradled within 1 month 1 time and applied fertilizer respectively before heading stage and the local Frost's Descent, specifically: heading stage cradles, height for the stubble left 5.0-7.0cm,
10.0-12.0kg/ mus of urea are imposed after cradling, is cradled within 1 month before the Frost's Descent, and height for the stubble left 8.0-10.0cm imposes phosphorus after cradling
5.0-10.0kg/ mus of acid diamine；
B is irrigated:
B1 has artificial irrigation conditions: irrigating after fertilising 1 time, returns after daily mean temperature is lower than 0 DEG C in winter every year with spring every time
Freeze-up water is irrigated after blueness respectively and is turned green water 1 time；
B2 prosthetic irrigation conditions: it is irrigated with natural precipitation；
The timothy grass is grass family ladder forage spp type half winter, tussock plant many years, latin namePhleum pretense
L.。
2. improving the implantation methods of cold district timothy grass wintering rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described whole
Ground, specific steps are as follows: the aboveground vegetation part that stubble is left before clearing up first, then deep plough soil 20-22cm, then removes in soil
Remaining root system of plant puts down clods breaking a kind of farm tools larger in soil, suppresses soil.
3. improving the implantation methods of cold district timothy grass wintering rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the depth is opened
Ditch sowing, broadcasts rear shallow earthing, ditch depth 10-15cm, thickness of earth-fill cover 1cm.
4. improving the implantation methods of cold district timothy grass wintering rate as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that described to broadcast
Kind, 1.5-2.0kg/ mus of application rate, line-spacing 30-35cm.
5. improving the implantation methods of cold district timothy grass wintering rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that apply starter of fertilizer in seedbed
To apply 4.0kg/ mus of phosphoric acid diamines；It applied fertilizer within 1 month before sowing current year in the local Frost's Descent, to apply 4.0kg/ mus of phosphoric acid diamines.
6. improving the implantation methods of cold district timothy grass wintering rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the filling
It irrigates, each irrigation volume is to be impregnated with topsoil 20-22cm depth.
7. improving the implantation methods of cold district timothy grass wintering rate as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the filling
It irrigates, such as arid after timothy grass emergence, increases and irrigate 1-2 times.
8. the described in any item implantation methods for improving cold district timothy grass wintering rate of claim 1-7 are in timothy grass plantation
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| CN107333552A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-10 | 合肥元政农林生态科技有限公司 | A kind of precocious autumn sowing method of hare's-lettuce |
| CN108703022A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-26 | 四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所 | The method for producing Itanlian rye seed using aftergrass |
| CN110074100B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2021-03-12 | 河南牧业经济学院 | Method for storing pennisetum tropicalis in temperate regions in winter |
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