CN105532213B - A kind of famine beach method for quick recovering vegetation - Google Patents
A kind of famine beach method for quick recovering vegetation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105532213B CN105532213B CN201510903944.4A CN201510903944A CN105532213B CN 105532213 B CN105532213 B CN 105532213B CN 201510903944 A CN201510903944 A CN 201510903944A CN 105532213 B CN105532213 B CN 105532213B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of waste beach method for quick recovering vegetation, the method is sowed awnless brome in barren beach by the way of deep ditching, shallow earthing, is manually managed and protected 2~3 years on the ground, you can.Method practical operation step provided by the invention is few, simple and practicable, at low cost, and energy consumption is few, and process is simple, quick, is promoted convenient for practical application, and the vegetation coverage after technology implementation is high, and recovery effects are stablized.The vegetation repair of waste beach is carried out using method provided by the invention, with can making barren beach vegetation quick planting in a short time, form effective ground mulching degree, both soil nutrient can be prevented to be lost in wind-water erosion, and increased soil, fertilizer conservation soil fertility, Evapotranspiration of The Soil Water can be reduced again, increase retention ability, water conservation, so as to establish the friendly ecological environment that the permanently effective covering of waste beach vegetation is persistently played with ecosystem service function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological environment treatment fields, and in particular to a kind of method for making waste beach quick recovering vegetation.
Background technology
The general awful weather in barren beach area, soil depletion arid, vegetation sparse easily cause serious wind erosion and hillside fields water
Soil is lost in, and then loss of soil nutrient is caused to accelerate, retention ability decline, and soil drought aggravation, the normal life history of plant is difficult to
Dimension is after final vegetation seriously degenerates, and ecosystem service function weakens significantly.The basic reason for causing this phenomenon is that earth's surface lacks
Weary effective vegetation coverage, the weather-proof water erosion scarce capacity of soil, Environmental Development enter a kind of state of vicious circle.
Wasteland revegetation at present generally takes taboo to herd seal or close hillsides to facilitate afforestation clear-cutting forestlands method of Denging, although this method cost is relatively low,
But revegetation speed is slow, especially seriously degenerates area in vegetation, and the natural vegetation for reaching effective earth's surface coverage restores general
All over need 5-10 in addition occur in extreme drought area vegetation degeneration aggravate phenomenon.
In the gobi revegetation method of prior art report, primarily directed to the plant of the serious area proposition of gobi gravelization
By planting and establishing method, wherein, it is low that artificial strange land is laid with complex procedures, the efficiency such as maintenance with establishing seedbed, nursery and gravel, uncomfortable
Suitable large area famine beach Vegetation Construction.Furthermore, waste beach soil is more and with certain retention ability and plant propagation
Library, discounting for above-mentioned advantage, machinery applies mechanically revegetation method and carries out waste beach vegetation establishment, then of high cost, wind
Danger is big.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is overcome during waste beach ecological management at present it is of high cost, difficulty is big, natural vegetation restoration
The major defects such as time length, effect unobvious provide a kind of quick based on the practical land occupation condition of waste beach, suitable waste beach vegetation
The effective ways of planting.
Specifically, the present invention provides a kind of waste beach method for quick recovering vegetation, the method is using deep ditching, shallow
The mode of earthing sows awnless brome on the ground in barren beach, manually manages and protects 2~3 years, you can.
The method of the invention prior to seeding, should carry out consolidation to waste beach.The consolidation include below according to
The specific steps of secondary progress：Barren beach original plant on the ground is cradled, the soil deep ploughing of 15~25cm is carried out, removes and wood is remained in soil
This root system of plant and diameter are more than the stone of 20cm, and the large clod in soil is crushed, is leveled land.
Awnless brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) of the present invention is perennial grass, and grass seeds is preferred
For the import of more than 85% germination percentage, cleanliness more than 90% or domestic grass seeds.The application rate of awnless brome grass seeds for 2kg per acre with
On, it can specifically be adjusted according to the actual conditions of barren beach.General famine beach awnless brome application rate is 2~3kg/ mus, such as waste
The land occupation conditions such as beach weather soil are very severe, then can suitably increase application rate, to improve emergence quantity.
Deep ditching, the shallow Casing ways that the present invention selects at seeding time specifically refer to：Depth is opened on the soil after smooth
The ditch of 10~15cm, in the ditch after planting, the soil layer of 1~2cm of covering thickness." deep ditching " 10~15cm that the present invention uses
Barren beach aerial seed germination micro-environment soil moisture content can be improved, increases emergence rate and seedling survival rate；" shallow earthing " 1~2cm
It can promote seed quick-speed germination, and be unearthed start leaf photosynthesis early, plant is made to enter the normal growth and development stage.Having
When gymnastics is made, plough can be used to carrying out artificial seeding after smooth rear soil trench digging, it is possible to use no-tillage machine or self-control sowing
Device carries out water furrow planting, and rake earthing immediately is used after sowing, and then sowing region using land presser or stone stone roller suppression is
It can.
It in order to ensure smoothly emerging, should be irrigated after planting, including irrigation or/and man-made irrigation naturally.If barren beach
Regional water is deficient or lacks man-made irrigation condition, then can wait rain seeding technique using dry bury in rainy season, realize that nature is irrigated,
It specifically refers to：Consolidation is finished in rainy season, rain event is known by Local Weather Report, is selected in drizzle or moderate rain rainfall
Complete sowing in 3~5 days a few days ago；If after planting smooth rainfall on the 3rd~5, without man-made irrigation after rainfall, if in expeced time
Inside not smooth rainfall should carry out man-made irrigation immediately.If the irrigation conditions in barren beach area is good, can the spring, the summer, Qiu Sanji with
When sow, after planting carry out man-made irrigation immediately, man-made irrigation carried out in preferably after planting 3~5 days, can also before the winter is entered and
Spring carries out man-made irrigation after turning green.The man-made irrigation depth is preferably impregnated with 20~25cm of soil depth, with the side of sprinkling irrigation
Formula is advisable, also can flood irrigation.Described irrigate naturally may be used in combination with man-made irrigation, be greatly improved while irrigation water is saved
Seeding ratio and seedling survival rate.
Artificial manage and protect of the present invention refers to cradle the awnless brome grass layer that barren beach is formed on the ground, the artificial pipe
The period of shield is after planting 2~3 years, including sowing current year.In sowing current year, cutting occasion and to cradle the rear height for the stubble left be artificial
The emphasis managed and protected, unfavorable cutting occasion or the height for the stubble left can substantially reduce seedling wintering rate, seriously affect next year plant
It is revival from transplanting rate, eventually leads to revegetation failure.Specifically, 1 month before Frost's Descent current year is sowed, if awnless brome grass layer
Highly it is more than 25cm, is then cradled, and ensures that the height for the stubble left is 5~10cm；If awnless brome turf height is not more than 25cm,
Then without cradling.After in next year, plant turns green, you can cradled every year according to turf height 1~3 time, the toothing cradled every time is high
Degree is 5~10cm.It is continuous manually to manage and protect 2~3 years (current year containing sowing), you can stopping manually being managed and protected, and it is extensive that vegetation carries out nature
Playback is replaced, and the natural vegetation under being managed and protected so as to fulfill prosthetic restores.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method includes steps in detail below：
(1) consolidation：Barren beach original plant on the ground is cradled, the soil deep ploughing of 15~25cm is carried out, removes residual in soil
Xylophyta root system and diameter is stayed to be more than the stone of 20cm, the large clod in soil is crushed, is leveled land；
(2) it is sowed in rainy season：It is described it is smooth after soil on open the ditch of 10~15cm of depth；It is pre- according to weather
Report in 3~5 days of drizzle or moderate rain rainfall a few days ago, sows awnless brome grass seeds in the ditch, and the germination percentage of the grass seeds is
More than 85%, cleanliness be more than 90%, application rate >=2kg/ mus；The after planting soil layer of 1~2cm of covering thickness, suppression sowing region；
(3) it irrigates：Nature irrigation is carried out using the drizzle or moderate rain of after planting 3~5 days drops；
(4) it manually manages and protects：When 1 month before sowing Frost's Descent current year, if turf height is more than 25cm, cradle to toothing height
5~10cm is spent, without cradling if turf height is not more than 25cm；From being sowed next year, cradle 1~3 time, cut every time every year
It cuts to 5~10cm of the height for the stubble left；2~3 years (current year containing sowing) stops cradling afterwards, you can.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method includes steps in detail below：
(1) consolidation：Barren beach original plant on the ground is cradled, the soil deep ploughing of 15~25cm is carried out, removes residual in soil
Xylophyta root system and diameter is stayed to be more than the stone of 20cm, the large clod in soil is crushed, is leveled land；
(2) it is sowed in spring, summer or autumn：It is described it is smooth after soil on open the ditch of 10~15cm of depth, in institute
Sowing awnless brome grass seeds in ditch is stated, the germination percentage of the grass seeds is more than 85%, cleanliness is more than 90%, application rate >=2kg/
Mu；The after planting soil layer of 1~2cm of covering thickness, suppression sowing region；
(3) it irrigates：In after planting 3~5 days, man-made irrigation is carried out using sprinkling irrigation or flood irrigation mode, until being impregnated with soil depth
20~25cm；
(4) it manually manages and protects：When 1 month before sowing Frost's Descent current year, if turf height is more than 25cm, cradle to toothing height
5~10cm is spent, without cradling if turf height is not more than 25cm；From being sowed next year, cradle 1~3 time, cut every time every year
It cuts to 5~10cm of the height for the stubble left；2~3 years (current year containing sowing) stops cradling afterwards, you can.
The vegetation repair of waste beach is carried out using method provided by the invention, vegetation is fast in a short time with can making barren beach
Run-up is planted, and is formed effective ground mulching degree, can both soil nutrient be prevented to be lost in wind-water erosion, increase soil, fertilizer conservation soil fertility,
Evapotranspiration of The Soil Water can be reduced again, increases retention ability, and water conservation provides advantage for famine beach plant growth, and plant is suitable
Profit completes the history of life in each stages such as growth and development breeding, further increases soil seed bank, soil seed pool and propagulum quantity, promotees
Entire plant ecosystem is made to enter normal recovery succession, it is final to establish the permanently effective covering of waste beach vegetation and the ecosystem
The friendly ecological environment that service function persistently plays.
Technical solution provided by the invention compared with prior art, has following significant advantage：The present invention is in vegetation repair
During, it only need to once sow, without sowing is repeated several times later, and vegetation repair nascent technologies cost is only limitted to grass seeds
With consolidation expense, it is only to cradle that meadow later, which is managed and protected, and practical operation step is few, simple and practicable, at low cost, energy consumption
Few, process is simple, quick, is promoted convenient for practical application, and the vegetation coverage after technology implementation is high, and recovery effects are steady
It is fixed.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Embodiment 1：Miyun reservoir famine beach revegetation
2006,300 mu of Beijing Miyun Reservoir reservoir area, barren beach of the vegetation coverage less than 20% on the ground, was used with lower section
Method carries out waste beach revegetation：
(1) consolidation：Barren beach original plant on the ground is cradled, tractor is attached to five-furrow plough deep ploughing soil 22cm, removes soil
Xylophyta root system is remained in earth and diameter is more than the stone of 20cm, the large clod in soil is crushed, is leveled land；
(2) it sows：Mid-August, with no-tillage machine water furrow planting awnless brome grass seeds, the ditch depth on the soil after smooth
10cm, the germination percentage 90% of grass seeds, cleanliness 95%, application rate are 2kg/ mus, determine that the time of sowing is drop according to weather forecast
First 5 days of middle rain day；After planting earthing 2cm is suppressed with land presser；
(3) it irrigates：After planting the 5th day drop moderate rain, is not carried out man-made irrigation, after rain 15 days emergence rates up to 83%, 11 below the moon
The vegetation coverage for entering rest period ten days reaches 85%；
(4) it manually manages and protects：Sowing current year awnless brome turf height is not up to 25cm, therefore is not cradled；In July, 2007
Part vegetation coverage reaches 95%, and carries out 1 meadow in early September and cradle, height for the stubble left 7cm；In September, 2008 carries out 1 again
Secondary meadow cradles；Stopping cradles from 2009.
The present embodiment make the waste beach vegetation of Beijing Miyun Reservoir reservoir area be smoothly restored under complete prosthetic is managed and protected from
Right During Succession, and vegetation cover degree is maintained at more than 80%.
Embodiment 2：The famine beach revegetation of Caobai River two sides
It 2008, in barren beach of the 250 mu of vegetation coverages of Beijing Caobai River two sides less than 15% on the ground, uses with lower section
Method carries out waste beach revegetation：
(1) consolidation：Barren beach original plant on the ground is cradled, tractor is attached to five-furrow plough deep ploughing soil 20cm, removes soil
Xylophyta root system is remained in earth and diameter is more than the stone of 20cm, the large clod in soil is crushed, is leveled land；
(2) it sows：Early July, with no-tillage machine water furrow planting awnless brome grass seeds, the ditch depth on the soil after smooth
12cm, the germination percentage 85% of grass seeds, cleanliness 92%, application rate are 2.5kg/ mus；After planting earthing 1cm is suppressed with land presser；
(3) it irrigates：It after planting draws water sprinkling irrigation from river, is impregnated with soil layer 20cm and stops, 20 days emergence rates are up to 80%, 11 after sprinkling irrigation
The last ten-days period moon enter the vegetation coverage of rest period and reach 83%；
(4) it manually manages and protects：Sowing current year awnless brome turf height is not up to 25cm, therefore is not cradled；In June, 2009
Part vegetation coverage reaches 85%, and carries out 1 meadow mid-August and cradle, height for the stubble left 5cm；Stopping cradles from 2010.
The present embodiment makes the waste beach vegetation of Beijing Caobai River two sides smoothly be restored to the nature under complete prosthetic is managed and protected
During Succession, and vegetation cover degree is maintained at more than 85%.
Embodiment 3：The revegetation of Guanting reservoir reservoir area barren beach ground
2012,1000 mu of Beijing Guanting Reservoir reservoir area, on the ground, use was following for barren beach of the vegetation coverage less than 10%
Method carries out waste beach revegetation：
(1) consolidation：Barren beach original plant on the ground is cradled, tractor is attached to five-furrow plough deep ploughing soil 22cm, removes soil
Xylophyta root system is remained in earth and diameter is more than the stone of 20cm, the large clod in soil is crushed, is leveled land；
(2) it sows：It is manually ditched using plough on the soil after smooth mid-June, ditch depth 10cm, according to
Preceding 2 day artificial seeding awnless brome grass seeds of the weather forecast in the day that spits, the germination percentage 90% of the grass seeds, cleanliness 97%,
Application rate is 3kg/ mus；After planting earthing 2cm is ground using stone and suppressed；
(3) it irrigates：It spits within after planting the 2nd day, is not carried out man-made irrigation, 12 days emergence rates are up to 90% after rain, late August
Vegetation coverage is close to 90%；
(4) it manually manages and protects：Late September grass layer average height reaches more than 45cm, carries out 1 meadow and cradles, the height for the stubble left 8
~10cm harvests 120kg/ mus of hay；Vegetation coverage carried out 1 meadow and cut mid-September close to 100% in July, 2013
It cuts, height for the stubble left 8cm, harvests 280kg/ mus of hay；In September, 2014 carries out 1 meadow and cradles again；Stopping cradles from 2015.
The present embodiment make the waste beach vegetation of Beijing Guanting Reservoir reservoir area be smoothly restored under complete prosthetic is managed and protected from
Right During Succession, and vegetation cover degree is maintained at more than 90%.
Although above having used general explanation, specific embodiment and experiment, the present invention is made to retouch in detail
It states, but on the basis of the present invention, it can be modified or improved, this is apparent to those skilled in the art
's.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to claimed
Range.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of famine beach method for quick recovering vegetation, which is characterized in that the method carries out soil to waste beach prior to seeding
Arrange, by the way of deep ditching, shallow earthing barren beach on the ground sowing awnless brome, after planting carry out nature irrigation or/and
Man-made irrigation is after planting manually managed and protected 2~3 years, you can；
The consolidation includes the following steps：Barren beach original plant on the ground is cradled, the soil deep ploughing of 15~25cm is carried out, removes
Xylophyta root system is remained in soil and diameter is more than the stone of 20cm, the large clod in soil is crushed, is leveled land；
The deep ditching, shallow earthing refer to：The ditch of 10~15cm of depth is opened on the soil after smooth, is sowed in the ditch
Afterwards, the soil layer of 1~2cm of covering thickness；
It is described to be irrigated naturally to be irrigated using the drizzle or moderate rain in after planting 3~5 days；The man-made irrigation is sprinkling irrigation or overflows
It fills to being impregnated with 20~25cm of soil depth；
It is described manually to manage and protect specially：1 month before Frost's Descent current year is sowed, if turf height is more than 25cm, cradle to toothing
Highly it is 5~10cm；If turf height is not more than 25cm, without cradling；From after planting the 2nd year, 1~3 was cradled every year
Secondary, it is 5~10cm to be cradled every time to the height for the stubble left.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the grass seeds germination percentage of the awnless brome for more than 85%,
Cleanliness is more than 90%.
3. it according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described method comprises the following steps：
(1) consolidation：Barren beach original plant on the ground is cradled, the soil deep ploughing of 15~25cm is carried out, removes and wood is remained in soil
This root system of plant and diameter are more than the stone of 20cm, and the large clod in soil is crushed, is leveled land；
(2) it is sowed in rainy season：It is described it is smooth after soil on open the ditch of 10~15cm of depth；According to weather forecast,
Drizzle or moderate rain rainfall a few days ago 3~5 days, sow awnless brome grass seeds in the ditch, the germination percentage of the grass seeds for 85% with
Upper, cleanliness is more than 90%, application rate >=2kg/ mus；The after planting soil layer of 1~2cm of covering thickness, suppression sowing region；
(3) it irrigates：Nature irrigation is carried out using the drizzle or moderate rain of after planting 3~5 days drops；
(4) it manually manages and protects：When 1 month before sowing Frost's Descent current year, if turf height is more than 25cm, cradle to the height for the stubble left 5
~10cm, without cradling if turf height is not more than 25cm；From being sowed next year, cradle 1~3 time, cradle every time every year
To 5~10cm of the height for the stubble left；Stop cradling after 2~3 years, you can.
4. it according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described method comprises the following steps：
(1) consolidation：Barren beach original plant on the ground is cradled, the soil deep ploughing of 15~25cm is carried out, removes and wood is remained in soil
This root system of plant and diameter are more than the stone of 20cm, and the large clod in soil is crushed, is leveled land；
(2) it is sowed in spring, summer or autumn：It is described it is smooth after soil on open the ditch of 10~15cm of depth, in the ditch
Interior sowing awnless brome grass seeds, the germination percentage of the grass seeds is more than 85%, cleanliness is more than 90%, application rate >=2kg/ mus；It broadcasts
The soil layer of 1~2cm of covering thickness after kind, suppression sowing region；
(3) it irrigates：In after planting 3~5 days, using sprinkling irrigation or flood irrigation mode carry out man-made irrigation, until be impregnated with soil depth 20~
25cm；
(4) it manually manages and protects：When 1 month before sowing Frost's Descent current year, if turf height is more than 25cm, cradle to the height for the stubble left 5
~10cm, without cradling if turf height is not more than 25cm；From being sowed next year, cradle 1~3 time, cradle every time every year
To 5~10cm of the height for the stubble left；Stop cradling after 2~3 years, you can.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107455037A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-12 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of sandy bare land revegetation method |
| CN107996324A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-08 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of method that manually understory species are quickly rebuild |
| CN110447475A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-11-15 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of desert saline planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow |
| CN114568217A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-03 | 甘肃农业大学 | Mixed sowing method for alfalfa beans and brome-free wheat in semi-arid areas |
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