CN114568217A - Mixed sowing method for alfalfa beans and brome-free wheat in semi-arid areas - Google Patents
Mixed sowing method for alfalfa beans and brome-free wheat in semi-arid areas Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention provides a mixed sowing method of alfalfa and brome-free in semi-arid areas, which relates to the technical field of mixed sowing of pasture in semi-arid areas, and comprises the steps of turning over the selected land by a rotary cultivator before sowing, wherein the turning depth is 20-30 cm, raking the ploughed cultivated land to be used as a mixed sowing and planting land for growing the perennial leguminous pasture alfalfa and the brome-free in gramineous pasture, wherein the selected leguminous pasture melissa officinalis is a perennial leguminous plant, contains high protein, has high nutritive value and no saponin, cannot generate tympanites even if the cattle and sheep eat excessively, has higher cold resistance and drought resistance and better adaptability than alfalfa, is added into the brome-free pasture mixed sowing, on one hand, the brome-free pasture is excellent forage grass, and on the other hand, the forage grass can provide a supporting effect and required carbohydrate for the growth of the melissa officinalis, the yield and the quality of the pasture are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mixed sowing of pasture in semi-arid regions, in particular to a mixed sowing method of alfalfa beans and brome without miscanthus in semi-arid regions.
Background
The semiarid region has the characteristics of water resource shortage, low vegetation coverage rate and the like, and in addition, people have relatively poor consciousness on ecological agriculture construction combined with the grasses and the livestock, the pasture planting industry is lagged, and land waste is serious, so that the grasses and the livestock in the semiarid region are unbalanced, the development of the animal husbandry is seriously restricted, the artificial grassland is vigorously developed, more forage grass is provided for the animal husbandry, and the important development of the grasses, the meat livestock and the milk livestock becomes a problem which needs to be solved at present urgently.
The mixed sowing is a common method for improving the yield and quality of forage grass in unit area of land, the mixed sowing of the bean grass can obviously improve the yield of the forage grass, the yield of crude protein and crude fat, the mixed sowing of the leguminous forage grass on the grassland improves the quality of the forage grass and reduces the nitrogen demand of the forage grass, when the alfalfa and the grass are mixed sowed, different mixed sowing ratios and grass types have obvious influence on mixed sowing components and group yield, and the total yield of the grass is optimally combined by the mixed sowing of the alfalfa and the awnless brome all year round; the mixed sowing of the two can improve the nutritive value of the pasture, compared with the single sowing of the awnless brome, the content of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash in the flowering period of the mixed sowing pasture is improved, which shows that the reasonable mixed sowing proportion can avoid the overproduction effect caused by partial interspecific competition and improve the productivity of the grassland, but when the mixed sowing grassland of the alfalfa is established, the excessively high mixed sowing proportion of the alfalfa can influence the digestibility of livestock, so that the selection of the proper pasture and the mixed sowing proportion to establish the high-quality artificial grassland is very critical.
The brome grass as perennial bush type gramineous forage grass has the characteristics of high nutritional value, good palatability, drought resistance, pasturage resistance and the like, the alfalfa bean as a perennial bean plant contains higher protein, is high in nutritional value and does not contain saponin, the livestock bloat can not be caused by excessive ingestion (the excessive ingestion of the alfalfa can cause livestock bloat), and the alfalfa bean and the brome grass have higher cold resistance and drought resistance and better adaptability than the alfalfa, so that the use of the saponin-free brome grass and the brome grass for planting the mixed sowing artificial grassland in the semiarid area becomes a very necessary measure.
However, the components and the proportion of mixed sowing of pasture grass are complex problems, and at present, in semi-arid regions, no scientific system is available for mixed sowing of alfalfa beans and awnless brome, so that on the premise of optimizing the mixed sowing quality, an innovative mixed sowing method for alfalfa beans and awnless brome in semi-arid regions is required, and a corresponding scientific basis is provided for establishing large-area artificial mixed sowing grassland.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for co-sowing alfalfa beans and awnless brome in semiarid regions, which aims to solve the technical problems.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a mixed sowing method of Melissitus ruthenicus seeds and bromus formosanus seeds in semiarid areas comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation before sowing: and (3) ploughing the selected land by using a rotary cultivator before sowing, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm, and raking the ploughed land to serve as a mixed sowing and planting land for perennial leguminous forage alfalfa beans and gramineous forage grassland, namely, awnless brome.
2) Seed selection: the leguminous forage is selected from Melissitus ruthenicus seeds and gramineous forage is bromus formosanus.
3) Seed pretreatment: grinding the Melissitus ruthenicus seeds with abrasive paper, and crushing seed coats of the Melissitus ruthenicus seeds; and (4) awn removing and airing the awnless brome seeds.
4) Sowing: sowing seeds in the middle ten days to the beginning of 5 months in 4 months every year, digging shallow trenches in cultivated lands by using a hoe, respectively and uniformly mixing the treated alfalfa seeds and awnless brome seeds with fine soil (the soil mixing is caused by too small grass seeds, the uniform sowing is difficult, the drill sowing is more uniform after the soil mixing), sowing the alfalfa seeds and the awnless brome seeds in the trenches in the same row, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, and covering soil and raking are performed after the sowing;
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
seeding rate: the sowing amount of Melissitus ruthenicus seeds in leguminous forage is 7.5kg hm-2～12kg·hm-2The seeding amount of grass of Gramineae, namely awnless brome, is 25kg hm-2～30kg·hm-2；
Alfalfa bean: sowing the awnless brome in a mixed sowing ratio of 2:8 in the weight ratio of the single sowing amount of the awnless brome;
seed quality: the cleanliness is 100%; the germination rate is 100%, and if the germination rate cannot be reached, the actual sowing amount can be converted according to the actual cleanliness and germination rate of the seeds.
5) Fertilizing amount: 0.3 kg-m bagged organic fertilizer is applied during sowing-2～0.4kg·m-2(organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent) as a base fertilizer.
6) And (3) mowing time: and (5) cutting from 7 late months to 9 late months.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the alfalfa beans, the bromus formosanus and the mixed fine soil in the step 4) is 1: 10.
Preferably, the seeding amount of the alfalfa beans and the brome formosana selected in the step 4) is 12kg · hm-2And 30 kg. hm-2。
Preferably, the mass ratio of the alfalfa beans to the bromus herb-free in the step 4) is 2: 8.
Preferably, 0.4 kg-m of bagged organic fertilizer is applied during sowing in the step 5)-2(organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent) as a base fertilizer.
Preferably, the mixed-sowing pasture in the step 6) can be mowed for 3 times, and the height of the remained stubbles is 5 cm.
Preferably, the mixed sowing method is suitable for semiarid regions with the elevation of 1500-2100 m.
Preferably, the mowing frequency is 3 times, and the stubble height is 5 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the bean-growing alfalfa bean of the leguminous forage is a perennial bean-growing plant, contains high protein, has high nutritional value, does not contain saponin, does not cause tympanites even if cattle and sheep eat excessively, and has higher cold resistance and drought resistance and better adaptability than alfalfa. The forage grass of the grass family is mixed with the brome without awn, on one hand, the brome without awn is a good forage grass, on the other hand, the forage grass of the grass family can provide a supporting function for the growth of the alfalfa and the needed carbohydrate, and the yield and the quality of the forage grass are improved
2. The measurement result of the invention shows that the cumulative hay yield reaches 10940.94 kg.hm, the mixed sowing ratio of 2:8 of the alfalfa and the brome without awn is 2:8-2The content of crude protein reaches 19.91 percent,the yield is improved by 79.7 percent and 35.8 percent compared with Melissitus ruthenicus unicast and is improved by 10.3 percent and 8.2 percent compared with brome unicasting.
3. The method has the advantages of simple operation steps, low production cost, less fertilizer consumption and less soil pollution, and is suitable for popularization and planting in semiarid regions in Longzhong with the altitude of 1500-2100 m.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the unicast and mixed sowing process hay production;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of A illustrating the content of crude protein in unicast and mixed broadcast processing;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram B illustrating the content of crude fat in unicast and mixed broadcast processing;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the original characteristics, the achieved purposes and the effects of the invention easily understood, the invention is further described below with reference to the specific embodiments and the attached drawings, but the following embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a unicast method of Melissitus ruthenicus seeds in semi-arid regions is provided, which comprises setting CK1Control group (Melissitus ruthenicus seeds unicast), wherein the unicast amount of Melissitus ruthenicus seeds is 12kg · hm-2Preparing soil before sowing, and spreading 0.4kg m organic fertilizer-2(organic matter is more than or equal to 45%) as base fertilizer, performing in-line drill sowing in 4-month middle ten days of 2021 year, sowing the seeds to a depth of 2-3 cm, harrowing the seeds after sowing, performing no irrigation and fertilization during the test period, growing under natural conditions, artificially removing weeds in the growth period of the pasture, and observing and sampling in 3 periods of 7 months, 8 months and 9 months in the current year.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a unicast method of brome without awn in semiarid region is provided, which includes setting CK2Control group (brome-free unicast), in which unicast seed of brome-free unicastThe amount is 30kg hm-2Soil preparation before sowing, 0.4kg m of organic fertilizer is broadcast-2(organic matter is more than or equal to 45%) as base fertilizer, performing in-line drill sowing in 4-month middle ten days of 2021 year, sowing the seeds to a depth of 2-3 cm, harrowing the seeds after sowing, performing no irrigation and fertilization during the test period, growing under natural conditions, artificially removing weeds in the growth period of the pasture, and observing and sampling in 3 periods of 7 months, 8 months and 9 months in the current year.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the method for co-sowing alfalfa and awnless brome in the semi-arid region comprises the step of setting M2B8、M3B7、M4B6、M5B5、M6B4、M7B3、M8B2Experimental group (mixed seeding of alfalfa beans and awnless brome),
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
M2B8the mixed sowing ratio of alfalfa beans and awnless brome is 2: 8;
M3B7the mixed sowing ratio of the alfalfa beans and the awnless brome is 3: 7;
M4B6the mixed sowing ratio of the alfalfa beans and the awnless brome is 4: 6;
M5B5the mixed sowing ratio of the alfalfa beans and the awnless brome is 5: 5;
M6B4the mixed sowing ratio of the alfalfa beans and the awnless brome is 6: 4;
M7B3the mixed sowing ratio of the alfalfa beans and the awnless brome is 7: 3;
M8B2the mixed sowing ratio of the alfalfa beans and the awnless brome is represented as 8: 2;
the actual seeding amount of different mixed seeding proportions is determined according to the actual cleanliness and the germination rate by referring to the calculation standard of the seeding amount in the mixed seeding technology as shown in the following table 1;
preparing soil before sowing, and applying 0.4kg m of organic fertilizer-2(organic matter ≥45%) as base fertilizer, sowing in the same row in the middle ten days of 4 months in 2021, sowing depth is 2-3 cm, harrowing is carried out after sowing, irrigation and fertilization are not carried out in the test period, the grass grows under natural conditions, weeds are artificially removed in the pasture growing period, and observation and sampling are carried out in 3 periods of 7 months, 8 months and 9 months in the current year.
Experiments were designed in combination with examples 1, 2 and 3
1) General description of the test site
The test site is arranged in the first yang town region of Longxi county of Dengxi city, Gansu province, with an altitude of 2038m, an average annual sunshine duration of 292h, an annual average frost period of 160d, and an annual precipitation of 450mm, and is a temperate continental monsoon climate. The average temperature of the air is 7.7 ℃, the highest average temperature is 26.8 ℃ and the lowest average temperature is-10.6 ℃ for many years. The soil type belongs to yellow soft soil, and the quick-acting nitrogen content is 48.00 mg/kg-1The content of available phosphorus is 3.88 mg/kg-1Quick-acting potassium content of 131.01 mg/kg-1Organic matter content 20.94 g/kg-1The pH value of the soil is 8.83, and the corn is planted in the previous stubble of the test field.
2) Test materials
The purity of the alfalfa bean is 96.2 percent, and the germination rate is 83 percent;
the cleanness of the awnless brome is 94.0 percent, and the germination rate is 92 percent.
3) Design of experiments
To ensure the accuracy of the test, 3 blocks (3 blocks of 9 treatment groups) were set, and 27 cells were set, each having a cell area of 15m2(3m × 5m), the line spacing is 30cm, and the inter-cell spacing is 80 cm.
4) Observation content and method
Grass yield: randomly selecting 1m sample sections (not selecting at the side) in each cell in each observation period, mowing 5cm on the ground with sickle, respectively weighing Melissitus ruthenicus seeds and bromus formosanus seeds by mixed sowing treatment to measure the fresh grass yield, taking all the grass samples back to a laboratory, carrying out fixation for half an hour at 105 ℃, then adjusting to 65 ℃ and drying to constant weight, and measuring the dry grass yield.
The nutrition quality is as follows: and (3) putting the dried grass sample into a crusher to be crushed and pass through a 1mm sieve to measure the grazing nutrition, and measuring the contents of Crude Protein (CP), crude fat (EE), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acidic Detergent Fiber (ADF) by adopting a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, a FOSS full-automatic fat analyzer and a polyester fiber filter bag method respectively.
Wherein, the hemicellulose is neutral detergent fiber-acid detergent fiber;
relative Feeding Value (RFV) × (120/NDF) × (88.9-0.779 × ADF)/1.29;
dry Matter Digestibility (DMD) 88.9-0.779 x ADF.
5) Analysis of test data
The field agronomic characters and the nutritional quality indexes of the mixed sowing grassland are synthesized and shown in tables 2 and 3:
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
With the combination of the drawings 1-3 and the tables 1 and 2, when the co-sowing amount ratio of the alfalfa bean to the awnless brome is 2:8, the yield is high, the nutritive value is high, the feeding value is high, the utilization rate is good, the average crude protein content reaches 19.91%, the yield is respectively increased by 35.8% and 8.2% compared with the single sowing of the alfalfa bean and the awnless brome, and the cumulative dry matter yield reaches 10940.94kg hm-2The cumulative crude protein yield reaches 2178.46kg hm-2The cumulative digestible dry matter yield reaches 7965.85kg hm-2The method is the best mixed sowing ratio suitable for the mixed sowing artificial grassland for planting the alfalfa seeds in the semi-arid areas in Longzhong.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A mixed sowing method of Melissitus ruthenicus seeds and bromus formosanus seeds in semiarid regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing soil before sowing, selecting seeds, pretreating seeds, sowing, fertilizing and mowing;
selecting seeds including Melissitus ruthenicus seeds of Leguminosae and bromus formosanus seeds of Gramineae;
sowing comprises reclaiming shallow trenches for planting at cultivated lands, respectively mixing Melissitus ruthenicus seeds and bromus formosanus seeds with fine soil, sowing in the trenches in the same row, covering soil and raking;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the sowing amount of Melissitus ruthenicus seeds is 7.5 kg.hm-2～12kg·hm-2；
The seeding amount of the awnless brome is 25kg hm-2～30kg·hm-2；
The mass ratio of the mixed sowing of the alfalfa bean and the awnless brome is 2: 8.
2. The method for co-sowing alfalfa and brome scandens in semiarid areas, according to claim 1, wherein: the pre-planting soil preparation comprises plowing the selected land by using a rotary cultivator and harrowing the plowed land.
3. The method for co-sowing alfalfa and brome scandens in semiarid areas, according to claim 2, wherein: and the elevation of the selected land is 1500-2100 m in the semiarid region, and the plowing depth is 20-30 cm.
4. The method for co-sowing alfalfa and brome scandens in semiarid areas, according to claim 1, wherein: the seed pretreatment comprises the steps of grinding the alfalfa seeds with sand paper, grating seed coats of the alfalfa seeds, removing awns of the awnless brome seeds and airing.
5. The method for co-sowing alfalfa and brome scandens in semiarid areas, according to claim 1, wherein: the sowing depth is 2-3 cm.
6. The method for co-sowing alfalfa and brome scandens in semiarid areas, according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the seed mixture of the alfalfa beans and the awnless brome to the fine soil is 1: 10.
7. the method for co-sowing alfalfa and brome scandens in semiarid areas, according to claim 1, wherein: the fertilization comprises applying 0.3 kg-m of organic fertilizer-2～0.4kg·m-2As a base fertilizer, the organic matter in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent.
8. The method for co-sowing alfalfa and brome scandens in semiarid areas, according to claim 1, wherein: the cutting times are 3 times, and the stubble height is 5 cm.
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