CN105532213A - Method for rapidly recovering vegetation of wasteland - Google Patents
Method for rapidly recovering vegetation of wasteland Download PDFInfo
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- CN105532213A CN105532213A CN201510903944.4A CN201510903944A CN105532213A CN 105532213 A CN105532213 A CN 105532213A CN 201510903944 A CN201510903944 A CN 201510903944A CN 105532213 A CN105532213 A CN 105532213A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for rapidly recovering vegetation of wasteland. The method uses deep ditching and shallow covering ways to sow awnless brome on the wasteland, and the awnless brome is managed and protected for 2-3 years to achieve vegetation recovery. The method has few actual operation steps, and is simple and feasible, low in cost, low in energy consumption, simple in process, and fast in effectiveness, and is convenient for practical application and popularization. After the technology is applied, vegetation coverage is high, and restoration effect is stable. Using the method to restore vegetation of the wasteland, the vegetation of the wasteland can be rapidly established in a short time, to form effective earth's surface cover degree. The method prevent soil nutrient from running off with water-wind erosion, increases soil, retains fertilizer and soil fertility, and reduces soil moisture evapotranspiration, increases water-holding capacity, and conserves water, so as to establish a friendly ecological environment in which wasteland vegetation covers effectively in a long time and ecosystem service function continuously develops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological environment treatment field, be specifically related to a kind of method making waste beach quick recovering vegetation.
Background technology
The general awful weather in barren beach area, soil depletion arid, vegetation sparse, very easily cause serious wind erosion and Topographic factor, and then causing loss of soil nutrient acceleration, retention ability decline, soil drought aggravates, and the normal life history of plant is difficult to dimension and continues, final vegetation serious degradation, ecosystem service function weakens greatly.Cause the basic reason of this phenomenon to be that earth's surface lacks effective vegetation coverage, Soil Anti wind-water erosion scarce capacity, Environmental Development enters a kind of state of vicious circle.The revegetation of current wasteland generally takes taboo to herd clear-cutting forestland methods such as sealing or close hillsides to facilitate afforestation, although the method cost is lower, but revegetation speed is slow, especially in vegetation serious degradation area, the natural vegetation reaching effective earth's surface cover degree recovers generally to need 5-10, has even occurred vegetation degeneration aggravation phenomenon in extreme drought area.
In the Gobi desert revegetation method of prior art report, mainly for the vegetation establishment method that gravelization serious area in Gobi desert proposes, wherein, the complex procedures such as maintenance are laid with setting up seedbed, nursery and gravel in artificial strange land, efficiency is low, are not suitable for the waste beach Vegetation Construction of large area.Furthermore, waste beach soil is more and have certain retention ability and plant propagation storehouse, if do not consider above-mentioned advantage and machinery is applied mechanically revegetation method and carried out waste beach vegetation establishment, then cost high, have a big risk.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the major defects such as cost in current waste beach ecological management process is high, difficulty large, the natural vegetation restoration time is long, effect is not obvious, a kind of effective ways based on the actual land occupation condition of waste beach, the suitable quick planting of waste beach vegetation are provided.
Specifically, the invention provides a kind of waste beach method for quick recovering vegetation, described method adopts the mode of deep ditching, shallow earthing to sow awnless brome on the ground at barren beach, manually manages and protects 2 ~ 3 years.
The method of the invention prior to seeding, is tackled waste beach and is carried out consolidation.Described consolidation comprises the concrete steps that next coming in order carry out: cradle barren beach original plant on the ground, carry out the soil deep ploughing of 15 ~ 25cm, remove residual woody plant root system and diameter in soil and be greater than the stone of 20cm, the large clod in soil is broken, level land.
Awnless brome of the present invention (BromusinermisLeyss) is perennial gramineous plants, and its grass seeds is preferably germination rate more than 85%, cleanliness is greater than the import of 90% or domestic grass seeds.The seeding quantity of awnless brome grass seeds is every mu of more than 2kg, specifically can adjust according to the actual conditions of barren beach.General waste beach awnless brome seeding quantity is 2 ~ 3kg/ mu, as barren beach the land occupation conditions such as weather soil very severe, then suitably can increase seeding quantity, to improve quantity of emerging.
The deep ditching that the present invention selects at seeding time, shallow Casing ways specifically refer to: the ditch soil after smooth being opened the degree of depth 10 ~ 15cm, covers the soil layer of thick 1 ~ 2cm in described ditch after planting." deep ditching " 10 ~ 15cm that the present invention adopts can improve barren beach aerial seed germination micro-environment soil moisture content, increases emergence rate and seedling survival rate; " shallow earthing " 1 ~ 2cm can promote seed quick-speed germination, and beginning leaf photosynthesis of being unearthed early, make plant enter the normal growth developmental stage.When concrete operations, plough can be used to ditch laggard row artificial seeding to smooth rear soil, also no-tillage machine or self-control seeder can be used to carry out water furrow planting, after sowing, use rake earthing immediately, use packer or stone to grind suppression sowing region subsequently.
In order to ensure emerging smoothly, after planting should irrigate, comprising nature and irrigating or/and man-made irrigation.If barren beach regional water is deficient or lack man-made irrigation condition, then can utilize the dry rain seeding technique such as to bury in rainy season, realize nature to irrigate, specifically refer to: in rainy season, consolidation is complete, know rainfall situation by Local Weather Report, select drizzle or moderate rain rainfall a few days ago within 3rd ~ 5, complete sowing; If smooth rainfall in after planting 3 ~ 5 days, then after rainfall without the need to man-made irrigation, if smoothly rainfall within the scheduled time, man-made irrigation should be carried out immediately.If the irrigation conditions in barren beach area is good, then can sows at any time at spring, summer, Qiu Sanji, after planting carry out man-made irrigation immediately, in being preferably after planting 3 ~ 5 days, carry out man-made irrigation, also before entering the winter and after turning green spring, all can carry out man-made irrigation.The described man-made irrigation degree of depth preferably soaks into soil depth 20 ~ 25cm, is advisable in the mode of spraying, also can flood irrigation.Described irrigation and man-made irrigation naturally can be combined, while saving irrigation water, greatly improve seeding ratio and seedling survival rate.
Of the present invention manually managing and protecting refers to that the awnless brome grass layer to barren beach is formed cradles on the ground, and the described cycle manually managed and protected is after planting 2 ~ 3 years, comprises sowing then.In sowing then, cutting occasion and to cradle rear stubble height be the emphasis manually managed and protected, unfavorable cutting occasion or stubble height all can reduce seedling wintering rate greatly, have a strong impact on next year plant and to be revival from transplanting rate, finally cause revegetation failure.Specifically, sowing first 1 month of the Frost's Descent then, if awnless brome turf height is greater than 25cm, then cradle, and guarantee that stubble height is 5 ~ 10cm; If awnless brome turf height is not more than 25cm, then do not cradle.After next year, plant turned green, can cradle 1 ~ 3 time every year according to turf height, the stubble height at every turn cradled is 5 ~ 10cm.Manually manage and protect 2 ~ 3 years continuously (containing sowing then), can stop manually managing and protecting, vegetation carries out clear-cutting forestland succession, thus realizes prosthetic and manage and protect lower natural vegetation recovery.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described method comprises following concrete steps:
(1) consolidation: cradle barren beach original plant on the ground, carries out the soil deep ploughing of 15 ~ 25cm, removes residual woody plant root system and diameter in soil and is greater than the stone of 20cm, and the large clod in soil is broken, levels land;
(2) sow in rainy season: described smooth after soil on open the ditch of the degree of depth 10 ~ 15cm; According to weather forecast, in drizzle or moderate rain rainfall a few days ago 3 ~ 5 days, in described ditch, sow awnless brome grass seeds, the germination rate of described grass seeds is more than 85%, cleanliness is greater than 90%, seeding quantity >=2kg/ mu; After planting cover the soil layer of thick 1 ~ 2cm, suppression sowing region;
(3) irrigate: utilize the drizzle or moderate rain after planting fallen for 3rd ~ 5 to carry out nature irrigation;
(4) manually manage and protect: when sowing first 1 month of the Frost's Descent then, if turf height is greater than 25cm, then cradling to stubble height 5 ~ 10cm, if turf height is not more than 25cm, not cradling; From sowing next year, cradle 1 ~ 3 time every year, cradle to stubble height 5 ~ 10cm at every turn; 2 ~ 3 years (containing sowing then) stops cradling afterwards.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described method comprises following concrete steps:
(1) consolidation: cradle barren beach original plant on the ground, carries out the soil deep ploughing of 15 ~ 25cm, removes residual woody plant root system and diameter in soil and is greater than the stone of 20cm, and the large clod in soil is broken, levels land;
(2) sow in spring, summer or autumn: described smooth after soil on open the ditch of the degree of depth 10 ~ 15cm, in described ditch, sow awnless brome grass seeds, the germination rate of described grass seeds be more than 85%, cleanliness is greater than 90%, seeding quantity >=2kg/ mu; After planting cover the soil layer of thick 1 ~ 2cm, suppression sowing region;
(3) irrigating: in after planting 3 ~ 5 days, adopting sprinkling irrigation or flood irrigation mode to carry out man-made irrigation, to soaking into soil depth 20 ~ 25cm;
(4) manually manage and protect: when sowing first 1 month of the Frost's Descent then, if turf height is greater than 25cm, then cradling to stubble height 5 ~ 10cm, if turf height is not more than 25cm, not cradling; From sowing next year, cradle 1 ~ 3 time every year, cradle to stubble height 5 ~ 10cm at every turn; 2 ~ 3 years (containing sowing then) stops cradling afterwards.
Method provided by the invention is adopted to carry out the vegetation repair of waste beach, the planting fast at short notice of waste beach vegetation can be made, form effective ground mulching degree, both soil nutrient can have been prevented to run off with wind-water erosion, increase soil, fertilizer conservation soil fertility, Evapotranspiration of The Soil Water can be reduced again, increase retention ability, water conservation, for waste beach plant growth provides advantage, plant completes the history of life in each stages such as breeding of growing smoothly, further increase soil seed bank, soil seed pool and propagulum quantity, impel whole plant ecosystem to enter and recover succession normally, the permanently effective covering of final foundation waste beach vegetation and ecosystem service function continue the friendly ecotope played.
Technical scheme provided by the invention compared with prior art, there is following significant advantage: the present invention is in the process of vegetation repair, only need once sow, without the need to later repeatedly repeat sowing, and vegetation repair nascent technologies cost is only limitted to grass seeds and consolidation expense, meadow is is afterwards managed and protected and is only cradled, practical operation step is few, simple, and cost is low, power consumption is few, operation is simple, instant effect, is convenient to practical application and promotes, and technology implement after vegetation coverage high, recovery effects stablize.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1: the waste beach revegetation in Miyun reservoir
2006,300 mu of vegetation coverage barren beach grounds less than 20% in Beijing Miyun Reservoir reservoir area, adopted following methods to carry out waste beach revegetation:
(1) consolidation: cradle barren beach original plant on the ground, tractor subsidiary five-furrow plough deep ploughing soil 22cm, removes residual woody plant root system and diameter in soil and is greater than the stone of 20cm, and the large clod in soil is broken, levels land;
(2) sow: mid-August, with no-tillage machine water furrow planting awnless brome grass seeds on soil after smooth, described ditch depth 10cm, the germination rate 90% of grass seeds, cleanliness 95%, seeding quantity are 2kg/ mu, determine that the time sowed is first 5 days that fall middle rain day according to weather forecast; After planting earthing 2cm, suppresses with packer;
(3) irrigate: within after planting the 5th day, fall moderate rain, do not implement man-made irrigation, after rain, 15 days emergence rates reach 83%, and the vegetation coverage that late November enters resting stage reaches 85%;
(4) manually manage and protect: sow awnless brome turf height then and do not reach 25cm, therefore cradle; In July, 2007, vegetation coverage reached 95%, and carried out 1 meadow in early September and cradle, stubble height 7cm; Carry out 1 meadow again in September, 2008 to cradle; Within 2009, play stopping to cradle.
The present embodiment make the waste beach vegetation of Beijing Miyun Reservoir reservoir area return to smoothly complete prosthetic manage and protect under natural deduction process, and vegetation cover degree remains on more than 80%.
Embodiment 2: the waste beach revegetation in Caobai River two sides
2008, the barren beach of 250 mu of vegetation coverages in Caobai River two sides, Beijing less than 15%, adopted following methods to carry out waste beach revegetation on the ground:
(1) consolidation: cradle barren beach original plant on the ground, tractor subsidiary five-furrow plough deep ploughing soil 20cm, removes residual woody plant root system and diameter in soil and is greater than the stone of 20cm, and the large clod in soil is broken, levels land;
(2) sow: early July, with no-tillage machine water furrow planting awnless brome grass seeds on the soil after smooth, described ditch depth 12cm, the germination rate 85% of grass seeds, cleanliness 92%, seeding quantity are 2.5kg/ mu; After planting earthing 1cm, suppresses with packer;
(3) irrigate: sprinkling irrigation of after planting drawing water from river course, only soak into soil layer 20cm, latter 20 days emergence rates of spraying reach 80%, and the vegetation coverage that late November enters resting stage reaches 83%;
(4) manually manage and protect: sow awnless brome turf height then and do not reach 25cm, therefore cradle; In June, 2009, vegetation coverage reached 85%, and carried out 1 meadow mid-August and cradle, stubble height 5cm; Within 2010, play stopping to cradle.
The present embodiment make the waste beach vegetation of Caobai River two sides, Beijing return to smoothly complete prosthetic manage and protect under natural deduction process, and vegetation cover degree remains on more than 85%.
Embodiment 3: Guanting reservoir reservoir area barren beach ground revegetation
2012,1000 mu of vegetation coverage barren beach grounds less than 10% in reservoir area, Beijing Guanting Reservoir, adopted following methods to carry out waste beach revegetation:
(1) consolidation: cradle barren beach original plant on the ground, tractor subsidiary five-furrow plough deep ploughing soil 22cm, removes residual woody plant root system and diameter in soil and is greater than the stone of 20cm, and the large clod in soil is broken, levels land;
(2) sow: mid-June, soil after smooth use plough manually to ditch, ditch depth 10cm, according to the first 2 day artificial seeding awnless brome grass seeds of weather forecast in the day that spits, the germination rate 90% of described grass seeds, cleanliness 97%, seeding quantity are 3kg/ mu; After planting earthing 2cm, uses stone to grind suppression;
(3) irrigate: within after planting the 2nd day, spit, do not implement man-made irrigation, after rain, 12 days emergence rates reach 90%, and late August, vegetation coverage was close to 90%;
(4) manually manage and protect: late September grass layer average height reach more than 45cm, carry out 1 meadow and cradle, stubble height 8 ~ 10cm, results hay 120kg/ mu; In July, 2013, vegetation coverage was close to 100%, carried out 1 meadow mid-September and cradled, stubble height 8cm, results hay 280kg/ mu; Carry out 1 meadow again in September, 2014 to cradle; Within 2015, play stopping to cradle.
The present embodiment make the waste beach vegetation of reservoir area, Beijing Guanting Reservoir return to smoothly complete prosthetic manage and protect under natural deduction process, and vegetation cover degree remains on more than 90%.
Although above with general explanation, embodiment and test, the present invention is described in detail, on basis of the present invention, can make some amendments to it or improve, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a waste beach method for quick recovering vegetation, is characterized in that, described method adopts the mode of deep ditching, shallow earthing to sow awnless brome on the ground at barren beach, after planting manually manages and protects 2 ~ 3 years.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the grass seeds germination rate of described awnless brome is more than 85%, cleanliness is greater than 90%.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described deep ditching, shallow earthing refer to: the ditch soil after smooth being opened the degree of depth 10 ~ 15cm, covers the soil layer of thick 1 ~ 2cm in described ditch after planting.
4. the method according to claims 1 to 3 any one, is characterized in that, described manually managing and protecting is specially: cradle the awnless brome grass layer that barren beach is formed on the ground.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, sowing first 1 month of the Frost's Descent then, if turf height is greater than 25cm, then cradle to stubble height be 5 ~ 10cm; If turf height is not more than 25cm, then do not cradle.
6. the method according to claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that, from after planting the 2nd year, cradles 1 ~ 3 time every year, cradle at every turn to stubble height be 5 ~ 10cm.
7. the method according to claim 1 ~ 6 any one, is characterized in that, described method also comprises: after planting carrying out nature irrigation or/and man-made irrigation;
Described naturally irrigation is utilize the drizzle or moderate rain in after planting 3 ~ 5 days to irrigate;
Described man-made irrigation is for sprinkling irrigation or flood irrigation are to soaking into soil depth 20 ~ 25cm.
8. the method according to claim 1 ~ 7 any one, is characterized in that, described method also comprises carries out consolidation to waste beach prior to seeding;
Described consolidation comprises the following steps: cradle barren beach original plant on the ground, carries out the soil deep ploughing of 15 ~ 25cm, removes residual woody plant root system and diameter in soil and is greater than the stone of 20cm, and the large clod in soil is broken, levels land.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) consolidation: cradle barren beach original plant on the ground, carries out the soil deep ploughing of 15 ~ 25cm, removes residual woody plant root system and diameter in soil and is greater than the stone of 20cm, and the large clod in soil is broken, levels land;
(2) sow in rainy season: described smooth after soil on open the ditch of the degree of depth 10 ~ 15cm; According to weather forecast, in drizzle or moderate rain rainfall a few days ago 3 ~ 5 days, in described ditch, sow awnless brome grass seeds, the germination rate of described grass seeds is more than 85%, cleanliness is greater than 90%, seeding quantity >=2kg/ mu; After planting cover the soil layer of thick 1 ~ 2cm, suppression sowing region;
(3) irrigate: utilize the drizzle or moderate rain after planting fallen for 3rd ~ 5 to carry out nature irrigation;
(4) manually manage and protect: when sowing first 1 month of the Frost's Descent then, if turf height is greater than 25cm, then cradling to stubble height 5 ~ 10cm, if turf height is not more than 25cm, not cradling; From sowing next year, cradle 1 ~ 3 time every year, cradle to stubble height 5 ~ 10cm at every turn; Within 2 ~ 3 years, stop afterwards cradling.
10. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) consolidation: cradle barren beach original plant on the ground, carries out the soil deep ploughing of 15 ~ 25cm, removes residual woody plant root system and diameter in soil and is greater than the stone of 20cm, and the large clod in soil is broken, levels land;
(2) sow in spring, summer or autumn: described smooth after soil on open the ditch of the degree of depth 10 ~ 15cm, in described ditch, sow awnless brome grass seeds, the germination rate of described grass seeds be more than 85%, cleanliness is greater than 90%, seeding quantity >=2kg/ mu; After planting cover the soil layer of thick 1 ~ 2cm, suppression sowing region;
(3) irrigating: in after planting 3 ~ 5 days, adopting sprinkling irrigation or flood irrigation mode to carry out man-made irrigation, to soaking into soil depth 20 ~ 25cm;
(4) manually manage and protect: when sowing first 1 month of the Frost's Descent then, if turf height is greater than 25cm, then cradling to stubble height 5 ~ 10cm, if turf height is not more than 25cm, not cradling; From sowing next year, cradle 1 ~ 3 time every year, cradle to stubble height 5 ~ 10cm at every turn; Within 2 ~ 3 years, stop afterwards cradling.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN107455037A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-12 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of sandy bare land revegetation method |
| CN107996324A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-08 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of method that manually understory species are quickly rebuild |
| CN110447475A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-11-15 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of desert saline planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow |
| CN114568217A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-03 | 甘肃农业大学 | Mixed sowing method for alfalfa beans and brome-free wheat in semi-arid areas |
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| CN107455037A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-12 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of sandy bare land revegetation method |
| CN107996324A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-08 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of method that manually understory species are quickly rebuild |
| CN110447475A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-11-15 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of desert saline planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow |
| CN114568217A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-03 | 甘肃农业大学 | Mixed sowing method for alfalfa beans and brome-free wheat in semi-arid areas |
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