CN105230429B - A kind of mountain area Quercus acutissima, the method for forestation of cork oak bio-energy forest - Google Patents
A kind of mountain area Quercus acutissima, the method for forestation of cork oak bio-energy forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN105230429B CN105230429B CN201510720583.XA CN201510720583A CN105230429B CN 105230429 B CN105230429 B CN 105230429B CN 201510720583 A CN201510720583 A CN 201510720583A CN 105230429 B CN105230429 B CN 105230429B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mountain area Quercus acutissima, the method for forestation of cork oak bio-energy forest, it is characterised in that：Cut selectively and utilize including breeding and afforestation, direct seeding forestation and juvenile stage；Described breeding and afforestation includes seed collection, seed treatment, strong seedling cultivation, planting by stock, fosters to manage and protect and cut selectively and utilize process；Described direct seeding forestation includes seed collection, seed treatment, direct seeding forestation, fosters to manage and protect and cut selectively and utilize process.The present invention is a kind of green, scientific and reasonable; Quercus acutissima, the cork oak surrival rate of afforestation can be improved; cost of forestation is saved; and realize Quercus acutissima, cork oak standardization, standardization and large-scale production; to meet the method for forestation of the mountain area Quercus acutissima of the high-quality char product in market and the supply of cultivation material, cork oak bio-energy forest, there are preferable economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forestry technical field of cultivation, more particularly, to a kind of mountain area Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest
Method of forestation.
Background technology
Quercus acutissima, cork oak belong to Fagaceae oak category deciduous tree together, are the main Natural hardwood forests seeds in mountain area, Ye Shishan
The traditional yule logs of the area masses, charcoal is used and domestic fungus cultivating material, and the kind has well developed root system, drought-resistant barren, rudiment power is strong,
Wind resistance, fire prevention, bank protection, the effect of water conservation and soil conservation.But a set of perfect Quercus acutissima, cork oak life can not be formed in mountain area at present
The normative plantation of material energy forest fine provenance and Cultivating techniques method, so that the excellent long-term office of bio-energy forest seeds
Be limited to natural scattered, it is low by with material mature forest to fell germination rate, forest land renewal slowly, defective and low effect.And for current high-quality
The charcoal price constantly soaring epoch, after long-term wildwood felling firing charcoal is prohibited, the timely high-quality biology of Demonstration And Extension
Mass-energy source (charcoal use) woods is cultivated, and is cut selectively by stages in the technical maturity of young growth, and stump germination rate is strong, and renewal growth is fast, is city
Field continuously provides high-quality char product and cultivation material.
The content of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, present invention offer is a kind of green, scientific and reasonable, can improve Quercus acutissima, bolt
The skin oak surrival rate of afforestation, has saved cost of forestation, and realizes Quercus acutissima, cork oak standardization, standardization and large-scale production, with full
Mountain area Quercus acutissima, the method for forestation of cork oak that the high-quality char product in sufficient market and cultivation are supplied with material.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of mountain area Quercus acutissima, the method for forestation of cork oak bio-energy forest, including breeding and afforestation and direct seeding forestation；It is described
Breeding and afforestation include seed collection, seed treatment, strong seedling cultivation, planting by stock, foster to manage and protect and cut selectively and utilize process, specifically
Operating procedure is as follows：
(1) seed collection：
Selection straightness of stem is strong, robust growth, and excellent Quercus acutissima, cork oak elite stand more than life in 15 years is as nurse-crops, in 9-
October gathers Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed；
(2) seed treatment：
Collection seed was returned the same day, was that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed with weight concentration
Minute, desinsection, kill weevil；Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection is handled and cork oak seed are spread out in shady place, after drying
Seed is used to carry out breeding and afforestation；
(3) strong seedling cultivation：
1. nursery selects：Select that physical features is flat, and draining is good, have the sandy loam of irrigation conditions, light loam as nursery
Ground, turn over, site preparation of raking；
2. cut root vernalization：Sand storage vernalization, treat that plumule grows 2-3 ㎝ and clips the tip of a root in time, then move on to the nothing equipped with matrix
Spin in container bag and plant, obtain Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling；
3. cultivation of container seedling：Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling are placed on seedling bed, it is uniform per furrow 25-30 rows
It is close to, furrow interval 30-40 ㎝ pavements, furrow edge earthing manages and protects one with height, container seedling to nonwoven container bag through water drenching and weeding
Go out garden afforestation after year；
(4) planting by stock：
1. plantation measures：The plot that land occupation condition is good, soil layer is thick, the surrival rate of afforestation is high is selected to carry out planting by stock；
2. site preparation：25-45 days before afforestation, according to 1 × 1.5m seeding row spacing, length and width, deep 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, dig
Site preparation is cheated, and fills out hole earthing；
3. container seedling is transplanted：In wet weather season autumn and winter, growth selection is healthy and strong, without branch, no disease and pests harm, it is annual, drench
The Quercus acutissima container seedling of water and the plant of cork oak container seedling, dug at afforestation and soil preparation hole center slightly wider than nonwoven container bag, with depth
Planting pit, Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling are vertically put into planting pit, divide 2-3 earthing to tread, then one layer of lid loosens the soil,
Covered around planting pit with weeds；
(5) foster and manage and protect：Mainly carry out weeding and loosen the soil and foster；
(6) selective cutting utilizes：8-10 young growth after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reach 8 more than ㎝, more than height of tree 7m
When, that is, reaching technical maturity, can be utilized according to 30% selective cutting for preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scopes,
By preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, while to undergrowth, endangered trees by pest and disease damage and cut down and removed within every 3 years later, tail footpath 4
More than ㎝ is made charcoal for concentration and heat energy power-generating, and 4 ㎝ are pitched for cultivating the edible mushrooms such as mushroom, agaric with undershoot.
Preferably, the strong seedling cultivation described in above step (3) freezes not serious area in the winter time, in seed treatment 3-5 days
Interior carry out strong seedling cultivation；Freeze more serious area and moisten river sand to kind of a sublayering sand Tibetan with fresh clean, treat spring soil solution
Strong seedling cultivation is carried out after jelly again.
Preferably, the preparation method of the matrix described in above step (3) is admixed to excavate sterile yellow soil after pulverizing and sieving
Weight concentration 3-5% calcium superphosphate base manure, it is made after well mixed.
Preferably, the container bag specification described in above step (3) is 8 × 12 ㎝ non-woven container bag.
Preferably, the sand storage vernalization of above step (3) is to moisten river sand with fresh clean or directly carry out sand storage in furrow face
Vernalization, keeps river sand moistening, and temperature is kept for 18-26 DEG C.
Preferably, the weeding described in above step (5) and the time fostered of loosening the soil are 3 years after planting by stock, are removed every year
Grass, loosen the soil secondary, first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second of weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 months in the 5-6 months；Herbicidal methods are
Remove top grass and tendril, more than plane earth in the range of 5 ㎝ to undergrowth, branch is low or is carried out by the treelet of pest and disease damage harm
Cut down and remove, to cultivate its sprout growth；The method loosened the soil is that 50 ㎝ scopes are loosened the soil and fostered around planting pit.
A kind of above-described mountain area Quercus acutissima, the method for forestation of cork oak bio-energy forest, described direct seeding forestation bag
Seed collection, seed treatment are included, direct seeding forestation, fosters to manage and protect and cut selectively and utilizes process, concrete operation step is as follows：
(1) seed collection：
Selection straightness of stem is strong, robust growth, and excellent Quercus acutissima, cork oak elite stand more than life in 15 years is as nurse-crops, in 9-
October gathers Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed；
(2) seed treatment：
Collection seed was returned the same day, was that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed with weight concentration
Minute, desinsection, kill weevil；Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection is handled and cork oak seed are spread out in shady place, after drying
Seed is used to carry out direct seeding forestation；
(3) direct seeding forestation：
1. plantation measures：The plot for selecting drought barren low with stony desertification planting by stock survival rate or being difficult to survive is used as directly
Broadcast reproducing area；
2. site preparation：25-45 days before the real harvesting of kind, according to 1 × 1.5m seeding row spacing, length and width, deep 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ rule
Lattice, plantation hole site preparation is dug, and filled out hole earthing；
3. direct seeding forestation：Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed that step (2) is obtained or after sand storage vernalization are broadcast
In plantation hole, 3-4 grains, triangle or square traverse are often cheated, earthing 2-3 ㎝, covers the weeds without seed；
(4) foster and manage and protect：After direct seeding forestation in 4 years, annual weeding, loosen the soil it is secondary, first time weeding, loosen the soil the time in
The 5-6 months, second of weeding, time of loosening the soil are in the 9-11 months；Herbicidal methods is removing top grass and tendrils, the 5 ㎝ models more than plane earth
Enclose it is interior to undergrowth, branch is low or cut down removing by the treelet that pest and disease damage endangers, to cultivate its sprout growth；The method loosened the soil
For around planting pit 50 ㎝ scopes loosen the soil and foster；
(5) selective cutting utilizes：8-10 young growth after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reach 8 more than ㎝, more than height of tree 7m
When, that is, reaching technical maturity, can be utilized according to 30% selective cutting for preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scopes,
By preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, while to undergrowth, endangered trees by pest and disease damage and cut down and removed within every 3 years later, tail footpath 4
More than ㎝ is made charcoal for concentration and heat energy power-generating, and 4 ㎝ are pitched for cultivating the edible mushrooms such as mushroom, agaric with undershoot.
Preferably, the direct seeding forestation described in above step (3) freezes not serious area in the winter time, will on the day of seed treatment
Seed is broadcast carries out direct seeding forestation in plantation hole；Freeze more serious area and moisten river sand to kind of a sublayering sand storage with fresh clean
After vernalization, direct seeding forestation is carried out again after the defrosting of spring soil.
Preferably, the weeding described in above step (4) and loosening the soil fosters the time to be 4 years after direct seeding forestation, annual weeding,
Loosen the soil secondary, first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second of weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 months in the 5-6 months；Herbicidal methods are clear
Except top grass and tendril, more than plane earth in the range of 5 ㎝ to undergrowth, branch is low or is cut down by the treelet that pest and disease damage endangers
Remove, to cultivate its sprout growth；The method loosened the soil is that 50 ㎝ scopes are loosened the soil and fostered around planting pit.
Compared to prior art, the present invention has the advantage that and had the beneficial effect that：
1st, used by breeding and afforestation method of the invention seedling medium prepare according to Quercus acutissima, cork oak physiological property and
Into, convenient material drawing, be easy to prepare, easy to operate, consumptive material is few, cost is low, light weight, alleviates labor intensity, improve afforestation
Efficiency.
2nd, the material of the container for plant growth used in breeding and afforestation method of the invention is degradable non-woven fabrics, can be exempted from during afforestation
Go to divest container for plant growth, it is time saving and energy saving, and beneficial to the good ecological environment of protection.
3rd, the present invention to Quercus acutissima, cork oak seed kill weevil processing using oil tea bran water, effective desinsection it is same
When keep seed activity, improve afforestation it is Viability.
4th, the method that the present invention is utilized using selective cutting, cultivated using bio-energy forest, big density plantation, young growth is selected
Cut down, stump germination rate is strong, and renewal growth is fast, so circulation selective cutting, both will not be to Forest Environmental Effect, and sustainable use adds
Fast mountain area revegetation process, improves farmers' income；Quercus acutissima, cork oak are built energetically in planting trees on barren hills wasteland and stony desertification mountain area
While, residual woods and renewal slash are fostered, Quercus acutissima, oak Forest area and poultry accumulated amount all increase by a fairly big margin, and produce significant warp
Ji benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
5th, the present invention realizes Quercus acutissima, cork oak standardization, standardization and large-scale production, to meet that the high-quality charcoal in market produces
Mountain area Quercus acutissima that product and cultivation are supplied with material, the method for forestation of cork oak, seek energetically in planting trees on barren hills wasteland and stony desertification mountain area
While making Quercus acutissima, cork oak, residual woods and renewal slash are fostered, Quercus acutissima, oak Forest area and poultry accumulated amount all increase by a fairly big margin.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of mountain area Quercus acutissima, the method for forestation of cork oak bio-energy forest, select straightness of stem strong, robust growth, 15 years
Excellent Quercus acutissima, cork oak elite stand more than raw gather Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed as nurse-crops in September.Gather seed
Returned the same day, and be that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed with weight concentration, desinsection, kill as
Nose worm；Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection is handled and cork oak seed are spread out in shady place, the seed after drying is used to carry out nursery
Afforestation.
Not serious area is freezed in the winter time, and strong seedling cultivation is carried out in 3 days in seed treatment；More serious area is freezed with newly
Fresh clean moistening river sand is hidden to kind of sublayering sand, and strong seedling cultivation is carried out again after the defrosting of spring soil.
The concrete operation method of described strong seedling cultivation is as follows：
Select that physical features is flat, and draining is good, have the sandy loam of irrigation conditions, light loam as seedling bed, turn over, rake it is whole
Ground.Sand storage vernalization is carried out with fresh clean moistening river sand, keeps river sand moistening, temperature is kept for 18-26 DEG C, treats that plumule grows 2-3
㎝ clips the tip of a root in time, then moves on in the non-woven container bag of the ㎝ of specification 8 × 12 equipped with matrix and plants, and obtains Quercus acutissima container
Seedling and cork oak container seedling；Wherein, the preparation method of described matrix admixes weight to excavate sterile yellow soil after pulverizing and sieving
The calcium superphosphate base manure of concentration 3%, it is made after well mixed.Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling are placed in seedling bed
On, uniformly it is close to per the row of furrow 25, the ㎝ pavements of furrow interval 30, furrow edge earthing is to, with height, container seedling is through water drenching with nonwoven container bag
Go out garden afforestation after being managed and protected 1 year with weeding.
The concrete operation method of described planting by stock is as follows：
The plot that land occupation condition is good, soil layer is thick, the surrival rate of afforestation is high is selected to carry out planting by stock；25 days before afforestation, according to 1
× 1.5m seeding row spacing, length and width, deep 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, site preparation of digging pit, and fill out hole earthing；In wet weather season autumn and winter, choosing
Select robust growth, transplanted without branch, no disease and pests harm, annual, water of drenching Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling, afforested
Planting pit slightly wider than nonwoven container bag, with depth is dug at site preparation hole center, vertically puts Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling
Enter planting pit, divide 2-3 earthing to tread, then one layer of lid loosens the soil, and is covered around planting pit with weeds.
Weeding is mainly carried out after planting seedlings and is loosened the soil and is fostered；Weeding and the time fostered of loosening the soil are 3 years after planting by stock, often
Year weeding, loosen the soil secondary, first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second of weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 months in the 5-6 months；Weeding side
Method to remove top grass and tendril, more than plane earth in the range of 5 ㎝ to undergrowth, branch is low or the treelet that is endangered by pest and disease damage
Cut down removing, to cultivate its sprout growth；The method loosened the soil is that 50 ㎝ scopes are loosened the soil and fostered around planting pit.
8-10 young growth after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reach 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m, that is, reach work
In the skill maturity period, it can be utilized according to 30% selective cutting for preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scopes, every 3 years later
By preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, while to undergrowth, endangered trees by pest and disease damage and cut down and removed, more than the ㎝ of tail footpath 4 is used for
Concentration is made charcoal and heat energy power-generating, and 4 ㎝ are pitched for cultivating the edible mushrooms such as mushroom, agaric with undershoot.
After-culture and tending method equally are carried out with this method to existing inferior Low-efficiency forest.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of mountain area Quercus acutissima, the method for forestation of cork oak bio-energy forest, select straightness of stem strong, robust growth, 15 years
Excellent Quercus acutissima, cork oak elite stand more than raw gather Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed as nurse-crops October.Gather seed
Returned the same day, and be that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed with weight concentration, desinsection, kill as
Nose worm；Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection is handled and cork oak seed are spread out in shady place, the seed after drying is used to carry out nursery
Afforestation.
Not serious area is freezed in the winter time, and strong seedling cultivation is carried out in 5 days in seed treatment；More serious area is freezed with newly
Fresh clean moistening river sand is hidden to kind of sublayering sand, and strong seedling cultivation is carried out again after the defrosting of spring soil.
The concrete operation method of described strong seedling cultivation is as follows：
Select that physical features is flat, and draining is good, have the sandy loam of irrigation conditions, light loam as seedling bed, turn over, rake it is whole
Ground.Sand storage vernalization directly is carried out in furrow face, treats that plumule grows 2-3 ㎝ and clips the tip of a root in time, then moves on to the specification 8 equipped with matrix
Planted in × 12 ㎝ non-woven container bag, obtain Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling；Wherein, the preparation of described matrix
Method is admixed the calcium superphosphate base manure of weight concentration 5%, is made after well mixed to excavate sterile yellow soil after pulverizing and sieving.
Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling are placed on seedling bed, are uniformly close to per the row of furrow 30, the ㎝ pavements of furrow interval 40, furrow side
Edge earthing is to, with height, container seedling goes out garden afforestation after water drenching and weeding manage and protect 1 year with nonwoven container bag.
The concrete operation method of described planting by stock is as follows：
The plot that land occupation condition is good, soil layer is thick, the surrival rate of afforestation is high is selected to carry out planting by stock；45 days before afforestation, according to 1
× 1.5m seeding row spacing, length and width, deep 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, site preparation of digging pit, and fill out hole earthing；In wet weather season autumn and winter, choosing
Select robust growth, transplanted without branch, no disease and pests harm, annual, water of drenching Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling, afforested
Planting pit slightly wider than nonwoven container bag, with depth is dug at site preparation hole center, vertically puts Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling
Enter planting pit, divide 2-3 earthing to tread, then one layer of lid loosens the soil, and is covered around planting pit with weeds.
Weeding is mainly carried out after planting seedlings and is loosened the soil and is fostered；Weeding and the time fostered of loosening the soil are 3 years after planting by stock, often
Year weeding, loosen the soil secondary, first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second of weeding, time of loosening the soil were November June；Herbicidal methods are
Remove top grass and tendril, more than plane earth in the range of 5 ㎝ to undergrowth, branch is low or is carried out by the treelet of pest and disease damage harm
Cut down and remove, to cultivate its sprout growth；The method loosened the soil is that 50 ㎝ scopes are loosened the soil and fostered around planting pit.
8-10 young growth after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reach 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m, that is, reach work
In the skill maturity period, it can be utilized according to 30% selective cutting for preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scopes, every 3 years later
By preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, while to undergrowth, endangered trees by pest and disease damage and cut down and removed, more than the ㎝ of tail footpath 4 is used for
Concentration is made charcoal and heat energy power-generating, and 4 ㎝ are pitched for cultivating the edible mushrooms such as mushroom, agaric with undershoot.
After-culture and tending method equally are carried out with this method to existing inferior Low-efficiency forest
Embodiment 3：
A kind of mountain area Quercus acutissima, the method for forestation of cork oak bio-energy forest, select straightness of stem strong, robust growth, 15 years
Excellent Quercus acutissima, cork oak elite stand more than raw gather Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed as nurse-crops in September.Gather seed
Returned the same day, and be that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed with weight concentration, kill weevil；
Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection is handled and cork oak seed are spread out in shady place, the seed after drying is used to carry out direct seeding forestation.
Not serious area is freezed in the winter time, seed is broadcast on the day of seed treatment direct seeding forestation is carried out in plantation hole；Ice
Freeze after more serious area moistens river sand to kind of sublayering sand storage vernalization with fresh clean, carried out again after the defrosting of spring soil straight
Broadcast afforestation.
The concrete operation method of described direct seeding forestation is as follows：
Selection drought is barren low with stony desertification planting by stock survival rate or is difficult to the plot survived as direct seeding forestation.Kind is real
30 days before harvesting, according to 1 × 1.5m seeding row spacing, length and width, deep 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, plantation hole site preparation is dug, and fill out hole
Earthing.
Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed after desinsection is handled, often cheat 3-4 grains, triangle or square traverse, earthing 2-3
㎝, cover the weeds without seed.After direct seeding forestation in 4 years, annual weeding, loosen the soil secondary, first time weeding, loosen the soil the time
In the 5-6 months, second of weeding, time of loosening the soil are in the 9-11 months；Herbicidal methods is removing top grass and tendrils, 5 ㎝ more than plane earth
In the range of to undergrowth, branch is low or cut down removing by the treelet that pest and disease damage endangers, to cultivate its sprout growth；The side loosened the soil
Method is that 50 ㎝ scopes are loosened the soil and fostered around planting pit；
8-10 young growth after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reach 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m, that is, reach work
In the skill maturity period, it can be utilized according to 30% selective cutting for preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scopes, every 3 years later
By preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, while to undergrowth, endangered trees by pest and disease damage and cut down and removed, more than the ㎝ of tail footpath 4 is used for
Concentration is made charcoal and heat energy power-generating, and 4 ㎝ are pitched for cultivating the edible mushrooms such as mushroom, agaric with undershoot.
After-culture and tending method equally are carried out with this method to existing inferior Low-efficiency forest
Embodiment 4：
A kind of mountain area Quercus acutissima, the method for forestation of cork oak bio-energy forest, select straightness of stem strong, robust growth, 15 years
Excellent Quercus acutissima, cork oak elite stand more than raw gather Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed as nurse-crops in the 9-10 months.Collection kind
Son was returned the same day, is that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed with weight concentration, desinsection, is killed
Weevil；Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection is handled and cork oak seed are spread out in shady place, the seed after drying is used to carry out directly
Broadcast afforestation.
Not serious area is freezed in the winter time, seed is broadcast on the day of seed treatment direct seeding forestation is carried out in plantation hole；Ice
Freeze after more serious area moistens river sand to kind of sublayering sand storage vernalization with fresh clean, carried out again after the defrosting of spring soil straight
Broadcast afforestation.
The concrete operation method of described direct seeding forestation is as follows：
Selection drought is barren low with stony desertification planting by stock survival rate or is difficult to the plot survived as direct seeding forestation.Kind is real
40 days before harvesting, according to 1 × 1.5m seeding row spacing, length and width, deep 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, plantation hole site preparation is dug, and fill out hole
Earthing.
After desinsection is handled or the Quercus acutissima seed of sand storage vernalization and cork oak seed are broadcast in plantation hole, often cheat 3-4 grains, and three
Angle or square traverse, earthing 2-3 ㎝, cover the weeds without seed.After direct seeding forestation in 4 years, annual weeding, two are loosened the soil
Secondary, first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second of weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 months in the 5-6 months；Herbicidal methods are removing top grass
And tendril, more than plane earth in the range of 5 ㎝ to undergrowth, branch is low or cut down removing by the treelet that pest and disease damage endangers, with
Cultivate its sprout growth；The method loosened the soil is that 50 ㎝ scopes are loosened the soil and fostered around planting pit；
8-10 young growth after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reach 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m, that is, reach work
In the skill maturity period, it can be utilized according to 30% selective cutting for preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scopes, every 3 years later
By preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, while to undergrowth, endangered trees by pest and disease damage and cut down and removed, more than the ㎝ of tail footpath 4 is used for
Concentration is made charcoal and heat energy power-generating, and 4 ㎝ are pitched for cultivating the edible mushrooms such as mushroom, agaric with undershoot.
After-culture and tending method equally are carried out with this method to existing inferior Low-efficiency forest.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of mountain area Quercus acutissima, the method for forestation of cork oak bio-energy forest, it is characterised in that：Including breeding and afforestation or live
Afforestation；Described breeding and afforestation includes seed collection, seed treatment, strong seedling cultivation, planting by stock, fosters and manage and protect and cut selectively utilization
Process, concrete operation step are as follows：
（1）Seed collection：
Selection straightness of stem is strong, robust growth, and excellent Quercus acutissima, cork oak elite stand more than life in 15 years is as nurse-crops, in the 9-10 months
Gather Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed；
（2）Seed treatment：
Collection seed was returned the same day, was that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed with weight concentration,
Kill weevil；Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection is handled and cork oak seed are spread out in shady place, the seed after drying be used for into
Row breeding and afforestation；
（3）Strong seedling cultivation：
1. nursery selects：Select that physical features is flat, and draining is good, have the sandy loam of irrigation conditions, light loam as nursery, turn over
Plough, site preparation of raking；
2. cut root vernalization：Sand storage vernalization, treat that plumule grows 2-3 ㎝ and clips the tip of a root in time, then move on to the specification equipped with matrix as 8
Planted in × 12 ㎝ nonwoven container bag, obtain Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling；The preparation method of described matrix is
Sterile yellow soil is excavated, weight concentration 3-5% calcium superphosphate base manure is admixed after pulverizing and sieving, is made after well mixed；Sand storage is urged
Bud is to moisten river sand sand storage vernalization with fresh clean, keeps river sand moistening, and temperature is kept for 18-26 DEG C；
3. cultivation of container seedling：Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling are placed on seedling bed, it is uniformly tight per furrow 25-30 rows
Patch, furrow interval 30-40 ㎝ pavements, furrow edge earthing are managed and protected 1 year to nonwoven container bag with height, container seedling through water drenching and weeding
After go out garden afforestation；
Described strong seedling cultivation freezes not serious area in the winter time, in carrying out strong seedling cultivation in seed treatment 3-5 days；Frost is tighter
The area of weight moistens river sand with fresh clean and kind of sublayering sand is hidden, and strong seedling cultivation is carried out again after the defrosting of spring soil；
（4）Planting by stock：
1. plantation measures：The plot that land occupation condition is good, soil layer is thick, the surrival rate of afforestation is high is selected to carry out planting by stock；
2. site preparation：25-45 days before afforestation, according to 1 × 1.5m seeding row spacing, length and width, deep 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, dig pit whole
Ground, and fill out hole earthing；
3. container seedling is transplanted：In wet weather season autumn and winter, growth selection is healthy and strong, without branch, no disease and pests harm, annual, water of drenching
Quercus acutissima container seedling and the plant of cork oak container seedling, plant slightly wider than nonwoven container bag, with depth is dug at afforestation and soil preparation hole center
Hole, is vertically put into planting pit by Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling, divides 2-3 earthing to tread, then one layer of lid loosens the soil, plant
Covered around hole with weeds；
（5）Foster and manage and protect：Carry out weeding and loosen the soil and foster；Weeding and the time fostered of loosening the soil are 3 years after planting by stock, every year
Weeding, loosen the soil secondary, first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second of weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 months in the 5-6 months；Herbicidal methods
To remove top grass and tendril, more than plane earth in the range of 5 ㎝ to undergrowth, branch is low or is entered by the treelet that pest and disease damage endangers
Row, which is cut down, to be removed, to cultivate its sprout growth；The method loosened the soil is that 50 ㎝ scopes are loosened the soil and fostered around planting pit；
（6）Selective cutting utilizes：8-10 young growth after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reach 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m,
Reaching technical maturity, can be utilized according to 30% selective cutting for preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scopes, after
By preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, while to undergrowth, endangered trees by pest and disease damage and cut down and removed within every 3 years, more than the ㎝ of tail footpath 4
Made charcoal for concentration and heat energy power-generating, 4 ㎝ are pitched for cultivating mushroom or agaric with undershoot；
Described direct seeding forestation includes seed collection, seed treatment, direct seeding forestation, fosters to manage and protect and cut selectively and utilize process, specifically
Operating procedure is as follows：
（1）Seed collection：
Selection straightness of stem is strong, robust growth, and excellent Quercus acutissima, cork oak elite stand more than life in 15 years is as nurse-crops, in the 9-10 months
Gather Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed；
（2）Seed treatment：
Collection seed was returned the same day, was that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed with weight concentration,
Kill weevil；Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection is handled and cork oak seed are spread out in shady place, the seed after drying be used for into
Row direct seeding forestation；
（3）Direct seeding forestation：
1. plantation measures：Selection drought and barren and stony desertification planting by stock survival rate is low or the plot that is difficult to survive is as live
Reproducing area；
2. site preparation：25-45 days before the real harvesting of kind, according to 1 × 1.5m seeding row spacing, length and width, deep 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, dig
Good plantation hole site preparation, and fill out hole earthing；
3. direct seeding forestation：Freeze not serious area in the winter time, seed broadcast on the day of seed treatment carried out in plantation hole it is live
Afforestation；Freeze after more serious area moistens river sand to kind of sublayering sand storage vernalization with fresh clean, after the defrosting of spring soil
Direct seeding forestation is carried out again；By step（2）Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed obtain or after sand storage vernalization are broadcast and planted
In hole, 3-4 grains, triangle or square traverse are often cheated, earthing 2-3 ㎝, covers the weeds without seed；
（4）Foster and manage and protect：After direct seeding forestation in 4 years, annual weeding, loosen the soil secondary, first time weeding, time of loosening the soil are in 5-6
Month, second of weeding, time of loosening the soil are in the 9-11 months；Herbicidal methods is remove top grass and tendril, more than plane earth in the range of 5 ㎝
To undergrowth, branch is low or cut down removing by the treelet that pest and disease damage endangers, to cultivate its sprout growth；The method loosened the soil be
50 ㎝ scopes, which are loosened the soil, around planting pit fosters；
（5）Selective cutting utilizes：8-10 young growth after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reach 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m,
Reaching technical maturity, can be utilized according to 30% selective cutting for preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scopes, after
By preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, while to undergrowth, endangered trees by pest and disease damage and cut down and removed within every 3 years, more than the ㎝ of tail footpath 4
Made charcoal for concentration and heat energy power-generating, 4 ㎝ are pitched for cultivating mushroom or agaric with undershoot.
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| CN105684827A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-06-22 | 浚鼎生物科技（上海）有限公司 | Forest culture and management method for treating haze through forest trees |
| CN105830854A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-08-10 | 李万红 | Rapid forest-form transformation method for precious and rare tree species |
| RU2648395C1 (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2018-03-26 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Поволжский государственный технологический университет" | Method for creating of english oak mixed forest crops using seedlings with a closed root system |
| CN108235933A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-07-03 | 云南省林业科学院 | A kind of Quercus acutissima Light media net-bag seedling method |
| CN109275483A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-01-29 | 山东泓森林业有限公司 | A kind of method of forestation of deep gloomy Chinese scholartree bio-energy forest |
| CN109744057A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-05-14 | 渭南顺天农用酵素科技有限公司 | A kind of afforestation technology suitable for Rocky Desertification Region |
| CN111149600A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-15 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | Technique for afforesting quercus acutissima seedling barren mountains |
| CN111201939A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-05-29 | 上海市林业总站 | Method for constructing oak tree hybrid forest in long triangular waterlogging and humid region |
| CN111467712A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-31 | 李胜成 | Forest vegetation planting method with fire extinguishing and controlling functions |
| CN114938751B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-03-24 | 山东省栓皮栎产业技术研究院有限公司 | High-survival-rate short-period intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis |
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| CN102273392B (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2012-11-14 | 河北农业大学 | Method for recovering and transforming degraded bush of Quercus yunnanensis |
| CN102696391B (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2013-09-25 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for applying basic fertilizer to furrow surfaces for castanopsis fissa container seedling cultivation |
| CN102771297B (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-06-18 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for cultivating cork oak seedlings |
| CN103798041A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-21 | 江苏水月情生态农业有限公司 | Quercus nuttallii large seedling root control container seedling growing method |
| CN104082088A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-10-08 | 孙君策 | Method for afforestation on stony desertification barren mountain |
| CN104429801A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-25 | 曹席轶 | Method for afforestation on difficult lands in Han River seacoast |
| CN104770271A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-07-15 | 云南大学 | German oak seed container seedling cultivation and forestation method |
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