CN110447475A - A kind of desert saline planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow - Google Patents

A kind of desert saline planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110447475A
CN110447475A CN201910453055.0A CN201910453055A CN110447475A CN 110447475 A CN110447475 A CN 110447475A CN 201910453055 A CN201910453055 A CN 201910453055A CN 110447475 A CN110447475 A CN 110447475A
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planting
meadow
rhizome type
herd
irrigation
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曹文侠
王小军
齐广平
师尚礼
王世林
刘玉祯
康燕霞
李小龙
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Gansu Agricultural University
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Gansu Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to plant (herbage) planting fields, more particularly to a kind of desert saline planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow, in desert saline when planting artificial pasture, three kinds of rhizome type leguminous forage clear water alfalfa, rhizome type graminous pasture awnless brome and E. elongata herbages are mixed up in the ratio of 1:1:1, and according to site preparation, sowing, field management and are cradled and grazing utilization requirement progress farming.Pass through the reasonably combined of leguminous forage and graminous pasture, it forms rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding and herds and cut dual-purpose meadow, while with effectively improveing northwest desert saline to a certain extent, enhance herbage quality, with the ensure that desert saline success rate on planting meadow improves the wear tolerance of herbage stability of community and grazing meadow;For desert saline pastoral industry provides high quality grass, alleviates the shortage of winter-spring season feed, reduces input cost, mitigate the grazing pressure of natural pasture, natural meadow ecological functions is promoted to restore.

Description

A kind of desert saline planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow
Technical field
A kind of the present invention relates to plant (herbage) planting field more particularly to desert saline planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding Herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow.
Background technique
China possesses nearly 6,000,000,000 mu of the meadow gross area as grassland resources big country.For long, due to people's undue weight The production function on meadow and the ecological functions for having ignored meadow, lead to that China's natural meadow large area is degenerated, poultry relationship is unbalance for grass- Etc. a series of serious problems.Show compared with natural meadow according to correlative study, the high-quality and efficient artificial pasture of planting can make herbage Yield promotes 10~20 times.Therefore, it is serious to be expected to solve high quality grass in the Animal husbandry production that China faces for planting artificial pasture The bottleneck problem of shortage, while can also mitigate the grazing pressure of natural meadow, and then improve due to meadow caused by overgrazing It degenerates, restores the ecological functions of natural meadow.
Northwest China desert cross region between farmland and grassland ecology is harsh, and water resource is increasingly in short supply, and annual crops are planted and do not conformed to The irrigation program of reason has aggravated the salinization of soil in soil, a large amount of leave arable land wasted phenomenons in oasis fringe area occurs.Meanwhile northwest Desert Regions Animal husbandry produces high quality grass material and lacks, and the fast degradation for accelerating natural grassland vegetation is herded in Desert Regions, and ecological problem is increasingly tight It is high.In northwest desert saline the perennial beans standing grain of planting mix up to herd and cut dual-purpose type artificial pasture, not only can be to a certain extent The further salinization of soil for containing soil, can also make full use of land resource to alleviate the pressure of local natural pasture.But it is many It is single that there is grass seeds during artificial pasture planting, and it is not scientific to mix up arrangement pasture species, leads to grassland establishment failure or yield not The problems such as stability on the problems such as high, especially meadow is poor cannot achieve and herd or cradle for a long time the basic demand utilized.In view of The above problem, the present invention pass through the design and system research of scientific experimentation, specify that in northwest desert saline planting is perennial Beans standing grain mixes up grass seeds science option and installment, Bromus inermis and success planting and the field management skill herded when cutting dual-purpose artificial pasture Art.
Summary of the invention
The side for cutting dual-purpose meadow is herded in a kind of the purpose of the present invention is to provide desert saline planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding Method, the defects of effectively to solve the above problems.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is specific as follows:
A kind of desert saline planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow, it is characterised in that: the beans Section and graminous pasture select rhizome type alfalfa, awnless brome and E. elongata, and by rhizome type alfalfa, without awns Herba bromi japonici, E. elongata are mixed up with the ratio of 1:1:1, and planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding, which is herded, cuts the perennial Artificial grass of dual-purpose Ground, specific steps are as follows:
S1, site preparation: using medium-sized ploughing machine plowed soils, and land leveller level land is used after turning over, applies base fertilizer phosphorus in soil Sour diammonium (18%N-46%P), broad irrigation is primary after applying base fertilizer;
S2, sowing: colleague's drilling mode is selected in sowing;
S3, field management: irrigating once immediately after forage seeding, carries out with the 75%~90% of field capacity for standard It irrigates, subsequent irrigation starts to irrigate when dropping to the 40~25% of field capacity with field moisture, and irrigation method is spray It fills;
S4, cradle and grazing utilization: planting First Year artificial pasture is served only for cradling, and cut issue is rhizome type alfalfa Flowering stage, planting second year can start to herd in late tillering state or jointing initial stage.
Time of site preparation is the first tenday period of a month in April in the S1, and plowed soils depth is 30cm~40cm, the irrigation volume of broad irrigation Select 650m3/ ha~800m3/ ha, irrigation method are sprinkling irrigation.
The sowing time is late April to early May in the S2, and depth of planting uses 2cm~4cm, line-spacing 20cm~ 25cm, application rate are as follows: rhizome type alfalfa 6.5kg/ha~8.0kg/ha, awnless brome 9.2kg/ha~11.1kg/ha, E. elongata 2.83kg/ha~4.56kg/ha.
In the S3, the irrigation volume irrigated every time is 650m3/ ha~800m3/ ha, irrigation method are sprinkling irrigation.
In the S4, planting First Year artificial pasture cradles the height for the stubble left not less than 8cm, cradles 2~3 times.
In the S4, form of herding is regional rotation grazing, and every cell grazing time is no more than 7d, and the height for the stubble left after herding is not Lower than 15cm, herd within 1 year 3~4 times.
The invention has the benefit that the present invention is by series of contrast, with having filtered out desert saline planting root Stem type beans standing grain mixed seeding, which is herded, cuts the optimum grass seeds in dual-purpose meadow and type, while also specifying sowing ratio, dose, irrigation quantity And it manages accordingly and the mode of utilizing.By the reasonably combined of leguminous forage and graminous pasture, it is mixed to form rhizome type beans standing grain Broadcast to herd and cut dual-purpose meadow, the meadow have it is resistance to herd with resistance to cradled characteristic, Productivity is good with structure of community stability.Planting The meadow to a certain extent effectively improve northwest desert saline while, alleviate the pressure of local natural pasture, can High quality grass is provided for local animal husbandry, also local natural meadow can be promoted to restore its ecological functions.By in desert saline Planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding is herded cuts dual-purpose meadow, compared with unicast, the output increased of awnless brome 92.50%, and albumen Content improves 27.85%;The output increased of E. elongata 48.44%, protein content improves 56.61%;Same unicast Compare, the planting percent of clear water alfalfa, awnless brome and E. elongata be respectively increased 117.30%, 72.28% and 120.10%.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment further instruction technical solution of the present invention:
Embodiment 1
In embodiment, clear water alfalfa, awnless brome and E. elongata carry out that mixed seeding planting is perennial herds with 1:1:1 Cut dual-purpose type artificial pasture.
With clear water alfalfa, awnless brome and E. elongata unicast;Clear water alfalfa and awnless brome 1:1 are mixed It broadcasts;Awnless brome and E. elongata 1:1 mixed seeding;Clear water alfalfa, awnless brome and E. elongata 1:1:1 mixed seeding planting Perennial herd cuts dual-purpose type artificial pasture.Clear water alfalfa, awnless brome and the E. elongata that the present invention selects are more Take root in year stem type herbage and the features such as have both cold-resistant, drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, saline-alkali tolerant, strong tillering ability.Three kinds of rhizome type herbage The biological characteristics such as root system, strain clump type are complementary, and the stability of group is higher, and underground rhizome is intertwined to form rhizome net Structure, formation stabilize loose ventilative turf structure, enhance the resistance to trample characteristic of high yield grazing meadow.Clear water alfalfa Growth year is long and full of nutrition, repeatedly can cradle or herd in 1 year;Awnless brome yield is high, resistance to herd, adaptable, is Establish artificially sown pastures and the environmentally friendly main grass seeds to fix the sand;E. elongata palatability is good, and horse, ox, sheep etc. are simultaneous while being fond of Has good performance of fixing the sand.
Specific planting patterns is as follows:
1. site preparation:
The first tenday period of a month in April site preparation, is turned over using medium-sized ploughing machine, ploughed depth 30cm, flat using medium-sized land leveller after turning over Ground.Fine site preparation can make homogenization of pouring water before sowing, prevent some areas from causing germination by shadow because of irrigation quantity deficiency It rings.
The first tenday period of a month in April apply base fertilizer Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (18%N-46%P) in the soil by level land, 120 kg/ of dosage Ha~180kg/ha.Broad irrigation is primary after applying base fertilizer, is irrigated with the 75%~90% of field capacity for standard.Afterwards Continuous irrigation norm: start to irrigate that (each irrigation volume is about when field moisture drops to the 30%~25% of field capacity 650m3/ ha~800m3/ ha), irrigation method is sprinkling irrigation.Broad irrigation can make the base fertilizer applied sufficiently incorporate soil, be forage seeds Continued growth provides sufficient nutrient after son germination.
2. sowing:
Start forage seeding late April to early May.Colleague's drilling mode, line-spacing 20cm~25cm are selected in sowing. 2~4cm of depth of planting, application rate are as follows: clear water alfalfa 6.5kg/ha~8.0kg/ha, awnless brome 9.2kg/ha~ 11.1kg/ha, E. elongata 3.0kg/ha~4.3kg/ha.
3. field management:
Irrigation method is irrigated using sprinkling irrigation mode.It is irrigated immediately after forage seeding once, with the 75% of field capacity ~90% is irrigated for standard.Subsequent irrigation norm: when field moisture drops to the 40%~25% of field capacity Starting irrigation, (each irrigation volume is about 650m3/ ha~800m3/ ha), irrigation method is sprinkling irrigation.
4. cradling and grazing utilization:
It is cradled when clear water Growth of Alfalfa to flowering stage or squaring period starts to herd, cradling the height for the stubble left is 6cm~10cm is cradled 2~3 times every year;The height for the stubble left is herded not less than 15cm, is herded 3-4 times every year.
Effect assessment:
Compared with the clear water alfalfa unicast under identical management condition, clear water alfalfa, awnless brome and long fringe are laid down Wheat straw 1:1:1 mixed seeding processing makes the planting percent of clear water alfalfa improve 117.3%.Clear water alfalfa list is eliminated simultaneously The problem for being not easy to do ensilage is broadcast, while also avoiding domestic animal singly food clear water alfalfa is easy to get and expands the problem of disease.
Compared with the awnless brome unicast under identical management condition, clear water alfalfa, awnless brome and E. elongata 1:1:1 mixed seeding processing makes forage yield improve 92.5%, and herbage protein yield improves 27.8%, while making awnless brome Planting percent improves 72.2%.
Compared with the E. elongata unicast under identical management condition, clear water alfalfa, awnless brome and long fringe are laid down wheat Careless 1:1:1 mixed seeding processing makes forage yield improve 48.4%, and herbage protein yield improves 56.6081%, while making long fringe The planting percent of couchgrass improves 120.1%.In addition, also promoting the formation of vegetation turf, vegetation and underground rhizome are strengthened Connection, easily form stable native grass structure, enhance the resistance to of meadow and herd characteristic.
Compared with the E. elongata unicast under the conditions of same treatment, mixed seeding handles the diversity of weeds in lower Mixture effect Index, evenness index, evenness index reduce 37.7%, 37.7% and 57.7% respectively, ensure that Desert Regions saline-alkali soil The planting success rate of earth artificial pasture.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims Variation is included within the present invention.Any label in claim should not be construed as limiting the claims involved.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art The other embodiments being understood that.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of desert saline planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow, it is characterised in that: the pulse family Select rhizome type alfalfa, awnless brome and E. elongata with graminous pasture, and by rhizome type alfalfa, without awns sparrow Wheat, E. elongata are mixed up with the ratio of 1:1:1, and planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding, which is herded, cuts the perennial artificial pasture of dual-purpose, Specific steps are as follows:
S1, site preparation: using medium-sized ploughing machine plowed soils, and land leveller level land is used after turning over, applies base fertilizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate in soil Ammonium (18%N-46%P), broad irrigation is primary after applying base fertilizer;
S2, sowing: colleague's drilling mode is selected in sowing;
S3, field management: irrigating once immediately after forage seeding, is filled with the 75%~90% of field capacity for standard It irrigates, subsequent irrigation starts to irrigate when dropping to the 40~25% of field capacity with field moisture, and irrigation method is sprinkling irrigation;
S4, cradle and grazing utilization: planting First Year artificial pasture is served only for cradling, and cut issue is rhizome type alfalfa just flower Phase, planting second year can start to herd in late tillering state or jointing initial stage.
2. a kind of desert saline according to claim 1 planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow, It is characterized by: time of site preparation is the first tenday period of a month in April in the S1, plowed soils depth is 30cm~40cm, the irrigation of broad irrigation Amount selects 650m3/ ha~800m3/ ha, irrigation method are sprinkling irrigation.
3. a kind of desert saline according to claim 1 planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow, It is characterized by: in the S2 sowing time be late April to early May, depth of planting uses 2cm~4cm, line-spacing 20cm~ 25cm, application rate are as follows: rhizome type alfalfa 6.5kg/ha~8.0kg/ha, awnless brome 9.2kg/ha~11.1kg/ha, length Fringe couchgrass 2.83kg/ha~4.56kg/ha.
4. a kind of desert saline according to claim 1 planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow, It is characterized by: the irrigation volume irrigated every time is 650m in the S33/ ha~800m3/ ha, irrigation method are sprinkling irrigation.
5. a kind of desert saline according to claim 1 planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow, It is characterized by: planting First Year artificial pasture cradles the height for the stubble left not less than 8cm in the S4, cradle 2~3 times.
6. a kind of desert saline according to claim 1 planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow, It is characterized by: form of herding is regional rotation grazing in the S4, every cell grazing time is no more than 7d, and the toothing after herding is high Degree is not less than 15cm, herds within 1 year 3~4 times.
CN201910453055.0A 2019-05-28 2019-05-28 A kind of desert saline planting rhizome type beans standing grain mixed seeding herd the method for cutting dual-purpose meadow Pending CN110447475A (en)

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Cited By (5)

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CN111165113A (en) * 2020-02-28 2020-05-19 中国矿业大学(北京) Method for improving compacted soil of strip mine refuse dump
CN111296187A (en) * 2020-04-10 2020-06-19 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 Technology for establishing and planting longitude and latitude mixed sowing artificial grassland
CN114402730A (en) * 2021-10-28 2022-04-29 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 Method for improving saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of multiple salt-tolerant plants
CN114503883A (en) * 2022-01-27 2022-05-17 黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所 Method for improving success rate of forage grass planting in erosion gully of black soil area
CN114568217A (en) * 2022-03-21 2022-06-03 甘肃农业大学 Mixed sowing method for alfalfa beans and brome-free wheat in semi-arid areas

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111165113A (en) * 2020-02-28 2020-05-19 中国矿业大学(北京) Method for improving compacted soil of strip mine refuse dump
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CN111296187A (en) * 2020-04-10 2020-06-19 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 Technology for establishing and planting longitude and latitude mixed sowing artificial grassland
CN114402730A (en) * 2021-10-28 2022-04-29 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 Method for improving saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of multiple salt-tolerant plants
CN114402730B (en) * 2021-10-28 2024-02-02 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 Method for improving saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of multiple salt-tolerant plants
CN114503883A (en) * 2022-01-27 2022-05-17 黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所 Method for improving success rate of forage grass planting in erosion gully of black soil area
CN114568217A (en) * 2022-03-21 2022-06-03 甘肃农业大学 Mixed sowing method for alfalfa beans and brome-free wheat in semi-arid areas

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