CN114402730B - Method for improving saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of multiple salt-tolerant plants - Google Patents
Method for improving saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of multiple salt-tolerant plants Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010520 Canavalia ensiformis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000010518 Canavalia gladiata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000001723 Entada phaseoloides Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 244000275012 Sesbania cannabina Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000010726 Vigna sinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000042314 Vigna unguiculata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000037364 Cinnamomum aromaticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000014489 Cinnamomum aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000522190 Desmodium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000201986 Cassia tora Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014552 Cassia tora Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000227573 Desmodium styracifolium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 241001260874 Sargassum horneri Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000801118 Lepidium Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000237903 Hirudo Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015784 hyperosmotic salinity response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007102 metabolic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A method for improving saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants comprises the following steps: deep ploughing, thinning, soaking field to remove salt, mixed planting of various salt-tolerant plants, daily field management, mature harvesting of the salt-tolerant plants, wherein the salt-tolerant plants comprise creeping plants such as cowpea, sea sword bean, mao Mandou, sword bean and Pingtou peanut, and upright (or shrub) plants such as desmodium hartsaki, cassia bifolia, sesbania and pod; conventional daily management is carried out in the planting process; wherein, a drainage groove is arranged in the salt discharging process of the soaking field, and a reticular structure is laid in the drainage groove; the advantages are as follows: the mixed planting of various salt-tolerant plants can reduce the occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests, increase the mutual utilization of rhizobia, effectively improve soil nutrients, improve the stress resistance of the plants and greatly improve the soil improvement efficiency of saline-alkali soil; the salt is discharged as soon as possible through the drainage grooves in the saline-alkali soil vertically and horizontally, and the salt is limited to the direction through the net structure, so that the pollution to the surrounding land and the river is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of land improvement, in particular to a method for improving saline-alkali land by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants.
Background
Saline-alkali soil (salt) is a kind of salt-accumulating soil, and refers to soil in which salt contained in the soil affects normal growth of crops.
The land hazards of salinization are as follows: on one hand, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are indirectly changed, so that the plants lose good living environment and nutrition conditions; on the other hand, the soil solution directly damages crop cells to influence the normal absorption and metabolism functions of crops. There are physical improvement, chemical improvement and biological improvement in the market, wherein the physical improvement method has large engineering amount, serious consumption and relatively poor effect, the chemical improvement method has good effect, but chemical components are easy to remain, and the biological improvement method is to improve the saline-alkali soil by plants, and the method is easy to implement and has remarkable economic benefit.
The invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants, which solves the technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
A method for improving saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants comprises the following steps of deep ploughing and thinning soil: deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil for 30 to 40 centimeters, and thinning soil blocks of a deep ploughing layer;
improvement of soaking field: pouring water into the soil, discharging water after 2-3 days, detecting salt grain crystallization on the surface of the soil, and soaking the soil for multiple times after the salt grain crystallization exceeds the set concentration;
mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants;
daily management in the field: including fertilization, irrigation, and pest control;
harvesting the salt-tolerant plants;
the soil deep ploughing, thinning or/and soaking field improvement steps are required to be repeated between adjacent planting and sowing periods.
Preferably, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the mixed planting step of the plurality of salt-tolerant plants, two or more salt-tolerant plants are mixed and planted, and are selected from cowpea, sea sword bean, mao Mandou, angust bean, desmodium schizandrum, pingtou peanut, pig feces, cassia bifasciata, sesbania and chain pod.
Preferably, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the soil deep ploughing process, deep ploughing in criss-cross directions is needed.
Preferably, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the saline-alkali soil is provided with grid-shaped drainage grooves, and salt-tolerant plants are planted in rectangular ridges separated by the grid-shaped drainage grooves.
Preferably, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants is characterized by comprising the following steps of: different salt-tolerant plants are planted in the adjacent rectangular furrows.
Preferably, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the positions of the drainage grooves in the saline-alkali soil in adjacent sowing periods are not coincident. The position of the drainage groove is continuously changed, so that the improvement uniformity of the whole saline-alkali soil can be ensured, and the integral improvement of the soil is realized.
Preferably, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and applying bacterial fertilizer in the daily field management process, wherein the bacterial fertilizer comprises azotobacter powder and phosphorus fixing bacterial powder.
Preferably, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants is characterized by comprising the following steps of: when the plants are creeping plants, ridges are arranged in the rectangular furrow.
Preferably, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the mixed planting step of the salt-tolerant plants, more than two salt-tolerant plants of cowpea, sea sword bean, mao Mandou, angustifolia and Pingtou peanut are mixed, or more than two salt-tolerant plants of desmodium styracifolium, cassia tora, sesbania, pod of chain, and pig feces are mixed, wherein the fallen leaf layer of the creeping plant or the creeping plant is not harvested and is directly buried in the soil layer to form humus, and the humus is used as one of main humus sources of saline-alkali soil. The creeping plants and the vertical (or shrubs) plants can be mixed separately or alternatively, and the creeping vegetation and the vertical (or shrubs) plants are mixed alternatively in adjacent planting periods, so that the illumination intensity required by the growth of the plants in the saline-alkali soil can be ensured, and the plants are well managed and can not be shaded to influence the normal growth of the plants.
Preferably, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the drainage tank is internally paved with a plurality of layers of reticular structures, the reticular structures are taken out and intensively treated after the drainage is finished every time, the reticular structures in the drainage tank at different positions are sampled every time, the salt crystal grain content is detected after the reticular structures are dried in the sun, and the adhered salt grains are required to be cleaned and removed before the reticular structures are used. After the moisture is evaporated, more salt is often precipitated in the net structure, so that the method can be used for detecting the salt content of soil on one hand, and can reduce the salt discharged to nearby lands and lakes along with running water on the other hand, reduce environmental pollution and facilitate later concentrated treatment.
Preferably, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the salt-tolerant plants are germplasm recovered at sea and subjected to salt tolerance screening.
The advantages are as follows:
in the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants, the saline-alkali soil is improved by adopting a biological method through the respective mixed planting of a plurality of creeping plants and upright plants (or shrubs), and the method is simple and easy to implement; the mixed planting of various salt-tolerant plants can reduce the occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests, increase the mutual utilization of rhizobia, effectively improve soil nutrients, improve the stress resistance of the plants and greatly improve the soil improvement efficiency of saline-alkali soil; the salt is discharged as soon as possible through the drainage grooves in the saline-alkali soil vertically and horizontally, and the direction of partial salt is limited through the net structure, so that the pollution to surrounding soil and rivers is avoided.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following detailed description.
Detailed Description
The specific implementation cases are as follows:
a method for improving saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants comprises the following steps,
deep ploughing and thinning of soil: deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil for 35 centimeters, and thinning soil blocks of a deep ploughing layer;
improvement of soaking field: pouring water into the soil, wherein the water level is higher than that of the soil layer, discharging water after 2 days, detecting salt grain crystallization on the surface of the soil layer, and soaking the soil for multiple times after the salt grain crystallization exceeds the set concentration;
mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants;
daily management in the field: including fertilization, irrigation, and pest control;
harvesting the salt-tolerant plants;
the soil deep ploughing, thinning and soaking field improving steps are required to be repeated between adjacent planting and sowing periods.
In the soil deep ploughing process, deep ploughing in criss-cross directions is needed.
The saline-alkali soil is provided with grid-shaped drainage grooves, and salt-tolerant plants are planted in rectangular ridges separated by the grid-shaped drainage grooves.
The positions of the drainage grooves in the saline-alkali soil in adjacent sowing periods are not coincident. The position of the drainage groove is continuously changed, so that the improvement uniformity of the whole saline-alkali soil can be ensured, and the integral improvement of the soil is realized.
And applying bacterial fertilizer in the daily field management process, wherein the bacterial fertilizer comprises azotobacter powder and phosphorus fixing bacterial powder.
Further, when the salt-tolerant plants are creeping plants, ridges are formed in the rectangular ridges.
Further, a plurality of layers of reticular structures are laid in the drainage groove, the reticular structures are taken out and intensively treated after the drainage is finished each time, the reticular structures in the drainage groove at different positions are sampled each time, the content of salt crystal particles is detected after the reticular structures are dried in the sun, and the adhered salt particles are required to be cleaned and removed before the reticular structures are used. After the moisture is evaporated, more salt is often precipitated in the net structure, so that the method can be used for detecting the salt content of soil on one hand, and can reduce the salt discharged to nearby lands and lakes along with running water on the other hand, reduce environmental pollution and facilitate later concentrated treatment.
Embodiment group 1
The salt-tolerant plant is selected from cowpea and sea knife;
experiment group 2
The salt-tolerant plant is selected from Mao Mandou and angustifolia;
experiment group 3
The salt-tolerant plant is selected from semen Canavaliae;
experiment group 4
The salt-tolerant plant is selected from Philippine Fu Shan Hirudo, and Cassia bifolia;
experiment group 5
The salt-tolerant plant is selected from sesbania, and Lepidium streptococcicosum;
experiment group 6
The salt tolerant plant is selected from the group consisting of Lepidium streptococcum;
experiment group 7
The salt-tolerant plants are selected from Mao Mandou and angustifolia, and the sesbania and the herba Paederiae are planted in the second year;
after two years of planting, sampling and detecting are carried out on the saline-alkali soil at a depth of 35 centimeters, and the statistics of detection data are shown in the table one:
table 1-7 changes in the salt content, organic matter, alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and quick-acting potassium content in the soil before and after improvement
Two years after planting, the detection data of the pH value and the soluble salt concentration (EC) of the experimental land are shown in Table II:
pH value of soil before and after improvement and numerical change of soil EC in Table two experiment groups 1 to 7
Summarizing: the saline-alkali soil improvement method has the advantages that the salt content of the saline-alkali soil can be effectively reduced and the nutrient content of the saline-alkali soil can be improved when various creeping plants or upright (or shrubs) plants are mixed, the saline-alkali soil improvement efficiency can be improved when the various creeping plants and the upright (or shrubs) plants are alternately planted at intervals, and the saline-alkali soil improvement effect is lower when the single creeping plants or upright (or shrubs) plants are planted.
Planting hot-ground No. 2 cylindrical flowers and plants in the soil before and after improvement of the experimental groups 1-7, and mowing for 4 times a year, wherein the per mu yield statistics of the hot-ground No. 2 cylindrical flowers and plants are shown in a table III (the data in the table III are converted per mu yields, and the actual experimental area is smaller):
data statistics of annual improved grass yield in Table three experimental groups 1 to 7
From the third table, the difference of the acre yield of the hot-ground No. 2 cylindrical flowers and plants in the soil before and after the improvement of the experimental land is larger, the yield of the hot-ground No. 2 cylindrical flowers and plants in the improved soil is greatly improved, and the results show that the salinity content in the improved soil is greatly reduced, the nutrient content such as N and the like is greatly improved, and the yield of Russian forage grass is obviously improved, wherein the experimental results of the acre yield of the forage grass in the experimental groups 1-7 are in one-to-one correspondence with the saline-alkali soil improvement efficiency corresponding to the first table and the second table.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants is characterized by comprising the following steps: the steps are as follows,
deep ploughing and thinning of soil: deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil for 30 to 40 centimeters, and thinning soil blocks of a deep ploughing layer;
improvement of soaking field: filling water into the soil, wherein the water level is higher than that of the soil layer, discharging water after 2-3 days, and detecting salt particles on the surface of the soil layer
Crystallizing, and soaking the field for multiple times after the concentration exceeds the set concentration;
mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants;
daily management in the field: including fertilization, irrigation, and pest control;
harvesting the salt-tolerant plants;
repeating soil deep ploughing, thinning or/and soaking field improvement steps between adjacent planting and sowing periods;
in the mixed planting step of the plurality of salt-tolerant plants, two or more salt-tolerant plants are mixed and planted, wherein the salt-tolerant plants are selected from cowpea, sea sword bean, mao Mandou, angustifolia, desmodium crudus, pingtou peanut, pig feces, cassia bifasciata, sesbania and pod;
in the mixed planting step of the salt-tolerant plants, more than two plants of cowpea, sea sword bean, mao Mandou, sword bean and panhead peanut are mixed, or more than two plants of desmodium styracifolium, cassia tora, sesbania, pod, and sargassum horneri are mixed, wherein the fallen leaf layer of the creeping plant or the creeping plant is not harvested and is directly buried in the soil layer to form humus, the creeping plant and the vertical plant are separately mixed, or alternatively mixed, and the creeping plant and the vertical plant are alternately mixed in adjacent planting periods.
2. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants as set forth in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the soil deep ploughing process, deep ploughing in criss-cross directions is needed.
3. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants as set forth in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the saline-alkali soil is provided with grid-shaped drainage grooves, and plants are planted in rectangular furrows separated by the grid-shaped drainage grooves.
4. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants as set forth in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: different salt-tolerant plants are planted in the adjacent rectangular furrows.
5. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants as set forth in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the positions of the drainage grooves in the saline-alkali soil in adjacent sowing periods are not coincident.
6. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants as set forth in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and applying bacterial manure in the daily field management process, wherein the bacterial manure comprises salt-tolerant rhizobia bacterial agents.
7. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants as set forth in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the plants are creeping plants, ridges are arranged in the rectangular furrow.
8. A method for improving saline-alkali soil by mixed planting of a plurality of salt-tolerant plants as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the drainage tank is internally paved with a plurality of layers of reticular structures, the reticular structures are taken out and intensively treated after the drainage is finished every time, the reticular structures in the drainage tank at different positions are sampled every time, the salt crystal grain content is detected after the reticular structures are dried in the sun, and the adhered salt grains are required to be cleaned and removed before the reticular structures are used.
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