CN107710947A - Utilize the method in alfalfa beet cotton Corn Rotation System improvement salt-soda soil - Google Patents
Utilize the method in alfalfa beet cotton Corn Rotation System improvement salt-soda soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that salt-soda soil is improved using alfalfa beet cotton Corn Rotation System, salt is pressed by ditching draining, fresh water, adds improving fertilizer or Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, ploughing and rotary tillage, then alfalfa, beet, cotton, corn are planted year by year, and the returning to the field such as stalk that will be possible to use improves salt-soda soil.The method is protruded the improved effect in whole salt-soda soil, improved, process green pollution-free.Therefore it is a kind of application technology for being worth being widely applied.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to alkaline land improvement technical field, and alfalfa-beet-cotton-jade is utilized more particularly to one kind
The method in rice crop rotation improvement salt-soda soil.
Background technology
At present, alkaline land improvement mainly has following several technical measures：
1st, water conservancy improves, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching：Suitable for the higher well-drained region of physical features.
2nd, biological modification：Improve salt-soda soil micro-ecological environment, using bio-organic fertilizer, while supplementing organic matter, increase
Add soil beneficial microorganism quantity, make to establish new microecological balance between alkaline land soil, plant and microorganism, reach raw
The target of thing control.
3rd, chemical modifying：Per hectare applies 15 tons or so of gypsum, makees base manure and once applies, and can also combine local actual arable land
In the conditioned soil of alkaline spot and grassland alkaline spot.
4th, ground is ploughed deeply, at least to descend to dig more than 70 centimeters, continuously plough deeply 2 years to 3 years, it is general when could solve to pour substantially
The problem of alkali.
5th, soil moved in improve the original is improved：In weight alkaline spot plot, alkaline spot is dug into deep 40cm, backfilling new soil.
But each of the above method all there is it is more or less the shortcomings that, each method be used alone when it is basic
On all cure the symptoms, not the disease, be also usually to take one of them small aspect to carry out part improvement in the prior art；So need
A kind of effective comprehensive processing method of science is improved to salt-soda soil, fundamentally improves salt-soda soil, then utilizes improvement
Corresponding industrial crops are planted in salt-soda soil afterwards, maintain and improve improved effect and bring economic benefit.
Alfalfa, Latin literary fame:Medicago sativa. Rosaleses, pulse family, clover category perennial herb, root are thick
It is strong, go deep into soil layer, rhizome is flourishing.Because its grass yield is high, rich in protein, palatability is good, strong adaptability the features such as be referred to as
" King of Pasture ".Alfalfa is perennial plant, and general growth year can reach 10 years or so, and summer, its dense branches and leaves could
To stop that rainwater washes away and surface runoff to the physics of soil, autumn and winter ground mulching degree is high, and table soil will not be made to receive strong wind
Corrode, reduce dust storm content in air, be described as in the Loess Plateau Region of severe water and soil erosion " water protects pioneer ".Roots of alfalfa
It is that prosperity is buried depth, typically can reach 3~5 meters, it is most long to reach more than 10 meters, therefore the moisture of deep subsoil can be absorbed,
Drought-resistant ability is naturally very high, and on huge root system raw a large amount of root nodules, biological nitrogen fixation can be carried out, every mu of about fixed nitrogen 32.9
Kilogram, the ammonium sulfate equivalent to 2460 kilograms, soil fertility is so substantially increased, this characteristic has very much to learotation system
Profit, is remarkably improved the yield and quality of succession crop, and reduces the input of fertilizer, reduces and causes because of substantial amounts of fertilizers input
Environmental pollution.
Beet belongs to salification crop, has a higher anti-salt property, the planting beet in light, moderate saline-alkali soil, as long as plus
Strong site preparation, applying organic manure material, improve the measures such as survival rate of seedlings, precision management, so that it may obtain preferable harvest.
Cotton is the crop compared with Salt And Alkali Tolerance, therefore, after the salt-soda soil cultivation of various regions, plant cotton of often giving priority in arranging for.Cotton
Though compared with Salt And Alkali Tolerance, can also be endangered by salt stress.
Corn is also known as maize, maize, maize, ear of maize.It is annual gramineae herbaceous plant, is important cereal crops
With important feed resource, and whole world total output highest cereal crops.
By the way that different ameliorative measures is combined, coordinate and plant corresponding plant, can be rapidly in varieties in saline-alkali areas shape
Into vegetation, then by artificial and natural regulation process, it is maximally effective approach to carry out improvement to the soil in salt-soda soil.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：One kind is provided using alfalfa-beet-cotton-Corn Rotation System to change
The method in good salt-soda soil.This method can effectively improve salt-soda soil, realize the increasing both production and income of long-term cropping, bring significant warp
Ji, society and ecological benefits.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that：
Using the method in alfalfa-beet-cotton-Corn Rotation System improvement salt-soda soil, comprise the following steps：
A. ditching is carried out in the salt-soda soil surrounding for needing to cultivate, forms discharge conduit and growing area；Fresh water pressure salt is first carried out,
Then in every mu of 2000~4000 kilograms of application alkaline land improving fertilizer of growing area, the leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, plough deeply
20~25 centimetres, ground is harrowed neat and well spaced flat；
B. Alfalfa Growing：Carefully harrowed before sowing, broadcast sowing the seed handled well and slightly earthing；Growth period pays attention to field day
Often management：Including applying fertilizer, irrigating and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Chopping and returning is gathered in after growing up to during harvest in batches；
C. next year carries out beet sowing：It is applied to 1500~3000 kilograms of alkaline land improving fertilizer in every mu of application of growing area,
The leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, ridging, cover film, sowing, bulb is crushed and soaks seed before sowing；Growth period
Pay attention to field daily management：Including final singling, keep a full stand of seedings, apply fertilizer, irrigate and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Harvest after autumn, by cauline leaf returning to the field；
D. cotton planting is carried out within the 3rd year：In growing area, every mu applies 2000~3000 kilograms of salt-soda soil compound fertilizer special,
The leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, sowing, cover film；Growth period pays attention to being intertilled depending on soil moisture content and rainfall,
Rupture of membranes and ridging；Change control since flower bud phase, take the circumstances into consideration to spray and help strong plain (mepiquat chloride), and prevent and treat cigarette plant hopper, fleahopper silk worm, bollworm,
The insects such as cotten aphid；By the broken rear returning to the field of cotton stalk powder after autumn harvest；
E. corn planting is carried out within the 4th year：In growing area, every mu applies 2000~3000 kilograms of salt-soda soil compound fertilizer special,
The leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, sowing, growth period pays attention to water and fertilizer management and prevents and treats pest and disease damage, by straw after autumn harvest
Returning to the field after stalk crushes；
The alkaline land improving fertilizer, including weight ratio is 30~40:10~14:6~10:16~18:8~12:4~8:3
~5:3~5:4~6:1~3 desulfurated plaster, activated carbon, flyash, plant haulm particle, bentonite, zeolite, urea, phosphoric acid
Ammonium, blast furnace solid impurity particle and microbial bacterial agent.
The salt-soda soil compound fertilizer special, by microbial germ powder, mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, Controlled Release Fertilizer by weight
For 2:8:60:10:20 composition, the microbial germ powder include Halophiles, basophilic bacterium, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, trichoderma, lactobacillus delbrueckii,
Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli；The mineral fertilizer includes medical stone, calcite, potassium feldspar, borax, sepiolite；Described has
Machine fertilizer includes one or more of in animal wastes, humic acid, clover, stalk, dregs of beans, peanut meal, the remaining residue of fermented product；
The slow-release fertilizer includes calcium superphosphate, ureaformaldehyde；The Controlled Release Fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, the chlorine for being surrounded by the water permeable membrane of different-thickness half outside
Change potassium, ammonium chloride.
Preferably, described alkaline land improving fertilizer is desulfurated plaster, activated carbon, flyash, plant haulm particle, swelling
Soil, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate, the weight ratio of blast furnace solid impurity particle and microbial bacterial agent are 35:12:8:16:10:6:4:4:5:2.
Preferably, described microbial bacterial agent includes weight than identical rhizobium, muscardine, De Shi lactic acid bacterias, Freund
Streptomycete, bacillus thuringiensis and gel-shaped bacillus.
Further, the rhizobium in described microbial bacterial agent are Sinorhizobium meliloti.
Preferably, it is 0.8~1.2 that described microbial germ powder, which includes weight ratio,:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2:0.8~
1.2:0.1~0.3:0.1~0.3:0.1~0.3 Halophiles, basophilic bacterium, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, trichoderma, lactobacillus delbrueckii, withered grass bud
Spore bacillus, Escherichia coli；It is 2 that mineral fertilizer, which includes weight ratio,:2:1:1:0.5 medical stone, calcite, potassium feldspar, borax, Hai Pao
Stone；Slow-release fertilizer includes weight than identical calcium superphosphate and ureaformaldehyde；It is 2 that Controlled Release Fertilizer, which includes weight ratio,:1:1 ammonium sulfate, chlorine
Change potassium and ammonium chloride.
Preferably, alfalfa type of seeding is drilling in described step b；Every mu uses seed 1.0~1.5 during drilling
Kilogram.Clover sowing thickness of earth-fill cover should be harrowed gently or light a kind of farm tools 1 time after broadcasting no more than 3 centimetres.
Preferably, when the film covered in described step c and step d combines intertillage, top dressing in field management process
Remove.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention is using alkaline land improving fertilizer, salt-soda soil compound fertilizer special and plantation alfalfa-beet-cotton-corn
Crop rotation measure improves salt-soda soil；Wherein desulfurated plaster can effectively improve salt affected soil, and the sodium ion and gypsum in soil are molten
Calcium ion-exchanged caused by solution, supplement calcium ion can eliminate toxic action of the carbonate to plant, reduce the basicity of soil, adjust
The pH value of soil is saved, the dispersiveness of soil sticking grain is improved, soil water permeability is improved, while is also given birth in desulfurated plaster containing plant
The mineral elements such as long necessary sulphur, silicon, useful crop plants growth；Activated carbon can improve soil because with flourishing gap structure
The structure of earth, and adsorb salt basic ion and pollutant unnecessary in soil；The main oxides of flyash form:SiO2、
Al2O3、FeO、Fe2O3、CaO、TiO2、MgO、K2O、Na2O、SO3、MnO2Deng in addition with P2O5Deng content of mineral substances enriches, can
Effectively to provide mineral matter element, and the unburned carbon granule in flyash is loose porous, can effectively improve salt-soda soil soil
The structure of earth；Plant haulm particle can provide organic matter, by microbial degradation acidified soil and provide nutrient for plant；Plant
After the spontaneous fermentation that thing stalk particle passes through microbial bacterial agent, nutrient is more easy to absorb, and the microorganism component of addition also has profit
In the resistance for improving plant, promote plant growth；On the one hand bentonite also has mineral matter, on the one hand also act as the work of binding agent
With；Zeolite is enhydrite, inside there is cavity, can play suction-operated, improves soil texture situation, maintains the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer；
Urea, ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride provide plant growth necessary element accordingly；Blast furnace slag can make insulation material, concrete and road
The fine aggregate of road engineering, soil improvement material.
Microorganism in microbial bacterial agent and bacterium powder, wherein rhizobium melioti are to form root nodule and by air with clover symbiosis
In nitrogen reduction ammonification supply a kind of Gram-negative bacteria of plant nutrient, addition rhizobium can increase clover in microbial bacterial agent
The chance of root nodule is formed, so as to voluntarily fixed nitrogen, nitrogenous fertilizer utilization rate is reduced, improves soil nutrient content；Other microbial inoculums except
Can be outside salt resistance alkali resistant, moreover it is possible to participate in the formation of soil fertility, including the conversion of matter and energy in soil, the formation of humus and
Decomposition, the release of nutrient, the fixation of nitrogen etc., can be hardened with improved soil, excites soil vitality, there is provided extra natural plant
The hormone and antibiotic of thing growth, suppress the fungi in soil and nematode and plant root pest and disease damage, fundamentally reduce agriculture
The usage amount of medicine, improve the quality of crop and agricultural product.
Other fertilizer Minerals fertilizer can provide trace element；Organic fertilizer provides various nutritional ingredients, and slow-release fertilizer can be held
Continuous offer carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium constituent；Controlled Release Fertilizer can supply nutrition according to soil liquid manure situation from main regulation.
Using ploughing again after rotary tillage, it can more effectively improve soil texture, beneficial to salinity with deposit of moisture.
Salt, then the pale reddish brown lucerne that plantation salt resistance effect is successively decreased successively under special fertilizer effect auxiliary are pressed first with fresh water
Mu, beet and cotton, and the chopping and returning such as stalk that will be possible to use, increase soil organic matter content, and last improved soil arrives
The degree of the corn of staple food grain crop can be planted, alkaline land soil situation is further improved by maize planting.
Therefore, using alkaline land improving fertilizer, salt-soda soil compound fertilizer special and plantation alfalfa-beet-cotton-corn wheel
Make to improve salt-soda soil, the improved effect in whole salt-soda soil is protruded, improved, process green pollution-free.Therefore it is a kind of value
The application technology that must be widely applied.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment one, alkaline land improving fertilizer production
A. it is 30 by weight:14:10:16:8:8:3:5:4 prepare desulfurated plaster, activated carbon, flyash, plant haulm
Particle, bentonite, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate and blast furnace solid impurity particle, by desulfurated plaster, activated carbon, flyash, plant haulm
Grain, bentonite, zeolite and blast furnace solid impurity particle, which are added to, to be crushed and mixes in pulverizer, and urea and ammonium phosphate are dissolved in accordingly
Saturated aqueous solution is made in the water of weight, is added in above-mentioned pulverizer and is sufficiently mixed with the mixture in pulverizer；
B. fermenting and producing prepares microbial bacterial agent, and each microbial bacterial agent viable count ensures in every gram of content 108More than individual；And
The microbial bacterial agent prepared is added in the mixture in pulverizer by 1.0 ratio of parts by weight, is sufficiently mixed；
C. mixed material is sent into comminutor to be granulated, then dry forming.
D. packing, which preserves, produces alkaline land improving fertilizer.
Embodiment two, alkaline land improving fertilizer production
A. it is 40 by weight:10:6:18:12:4:5:3:6 prepare desulfurated plaster, activated carbon, flyash, plant haulm
Particle, bentonite, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate and blast furnace solid impurity particle, by desulfurated plaster, activated carbon, flyash, plant haulm
Grain, bentonite, zeolite and blast furnace solid impurity particle, which are added to, to be crushed and mixes in pulverizer, and urea and ammonium phosphate are dissolved in accordingly
Saturated aqueous solution is made in the water of weight, is added in above-mentioned pulverizer and is sufficiently mixed with the mixture in pulverizer；
B. fermenting and producing prepares microbial bacterial agent, and each microbial bacterial agent viable count ensures in every gram of content 108More than individual；And
The microbial bacterial agent prepared is added in the mixture in pulverizer by 3.0 ratio of parts by weight, is sufficiently mixed；
C. mixed material is sent into comminutor to be granulated, then dry forming.
D. packing, which preserves, produces alkaline land improving fertilizer.
Embodiment three, alkaline land improving fertilizer production
A. it is 35 by weight:12:8:17:10:6:4:4:5 prepare desulfurated plaster, activated carbon, flyash, plant haulm
Particle, bentonite, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate and blast furnace solid impurity particle, by desulfurated plaster, activated carbon, flyash, plant haulm
Grain, bentonite, zeolite and blast furnace solid impurity particle, which are added to, to be crushed and mixes in pulverizer, and urea and ammonium phosphate are dissolved in accordingly
Saturated aqueous solution is made in the water of weight, is added in above-mentioned pulverizer and is sufficiently mixed with the mixture in pulverizer；
B. fermenting and producing prepares microbial bacterial agent, and each microbial bacterial agent viable count ensures in every gram of content 108More than individual；And
The microbial bacterial agent prepared is added in the mixture in pulverizer by 2.0 ratio of parts by weight, is sufficiently mixed；
C. mixed material is sent into comminutor to be granulated, then dry forming.
D. packing, which preserves, produces alkaline land improving fertilizer.
Example IV, salt-soda soil compound fertilizer special production
A. by Halophiles, basophilic bacterium, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, trichoderma, lactobacillus delbrueckii, bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli according to
Respective condition of culture carries out fermented and cultured, and product concentrating and separating is made into dry powder, by weight 1:1:1:1:1:0.2:0.2,
Mix to obtain 20 kilograms of microbial bacterial agent；
B. choose local dregs of beans, peanut meal, the stalk of various plants being readily obtained to crush after drying, animal wastes are done
It is dry to water content be 40%~45%, then using the weight ratio of animal wastes, dregs of beans, peanut meal, stalk and humic acid as 38:
28:10:12:6 mixing, carry out Natural compost solid fermentation 20 days or so, and once, organic fertilizer is made in the turning of 3 to 5 days periods
600 kilograms；
C. it is 2 by weight ratio is included:2:1:1:0.5 mixes medical stone, calcite, potassium feldspar, borax, sepiolite, mill
Into powdered, 80 kilograms of metallogenic material of combination；
D. slow-release fertilizer calcium superphosphate and each 50 kilograms of ureaformaldehyde are bought；Buy Controlled Release Fertilizer ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride and chlorine simultaneously
Change ammonium, using including weight ratio as 2:1:1 ratio prepares 200 kilograms of Controlled Release Fertilizer；
E. each pulvis or particle obtained as above are well mixed i.e. available one ton and are applied to salt-soda soil compound fertilizer special.
Embodiment five, alfalfa-beet-cotton-corn plantation
A. 2000~4000 kilograms of alkaline land improving fertilizer is first applied before sowing, the leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage is deep
20~25 centimetres are turned over, ground is harrowed neat and well spaced flat, when soil moisture content is bad, soil is once suppressed before broadcasting；
B. spring sowing is best typically in mid-April, autumn sowing mid-July to early August, and summer should be after the rain
Grab moisture sowing；After planting, before emergence, such as rain soil hardening, hardening layer is removed in time, emerged with profit；
C. field management is carried out in good time, and to the clover sowed then, seedling stage wants timely weeding, and the soil moisture conservation that rake the soil level, chases after
Fertilizer；Top dressing typically turned green in spring after, branching stage, squaring period or combining to irrigate after cradling every time is carried out, the mode of top dressing has
Row replacement in the ranks, spread fertilizer over the fields with foliage-spray etc., typically using row replacement or organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields, according to actual soil feelings
Condition adds different amounts；Poured water according to growing state, temperature height, degree of drought, clover is more drought-enduring to be afraid of flood, but grows
Phase needs water more, therefore need to pay special attention to pour water or drain flooded fields；And the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out in good time, incidental disease mainly has
Sclerotiniose and anthracnose, insect pest mainly have thrips and aphid etc., and different medicines may be selected and prevented and treated；
D. harvest, can gather in every year 2~3 times in initial bloom stage；It is rainy season at a time when the 2nd batch of harvest of clover, mould in order to prevent
It is rotten, select fair weather to gather in batches in good time as far as possible, and chopping and returning；
E. Second Year carries out beet plantation, is applied to alkaline land improving fertilizer 1500~3,000,000 in every mu of application of growing area
Gram, the leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, ridging, cover film, sowing, bulb is crushed and soaks seed before sowing；It is raw
It is long-term to pay attention to field daily management：Including final singling, keep a full stand of seedings, top dressing, irrigation and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Harvest after autumn, by cauline leaf returning to the field；
F. cotton planting is carried out within the 3rd year：In growing area, every mu applies 2000~3000 kilograms of salt-soda soil compound fertilizer special,
The leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, sowing, cover film；Growth period pays attention to being intertilled depending on soil moisture content and rainfall,
Rupture of membranes and ridging；Change control since flower bud phase, take the circumstances into consideration to spray and help strong plain (mepiquat chloride), and prevent and treat cigarette plant hopper, fleahopper silk worm, bollworm,
The insects such as cotten aphid；By the broken rear returning to the field of cotton stalk powder after autumn harvest；
G. corn planting is carried out within the 4th year：In growing area, every mu applies 2000~3000 kilograms of salt-soda soil compound fertilizer special,
The leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, sowing, growth period pays attention to water and fertilizer management and prevents and treats pest and disease damage, by straw after autumn harvest
Returning to the field after stalk crushes.
Embodiment six, application effect
From in March, 2013 in September, 2016, in Shandong Weifang coastal saline-alkali plot, the method successively plants pale reddish brown lucerne
Mu, beet, cotton and corn, meanwhile, control field is set, it is same in the salt-soda soil plot of unprocessed mistake using general planting method
When plantation as control.
By the plantation of 4 years, experimental plot soil 0~30cm soil layers pH value was reduced to 7.2 by original 8.5~9.0, soil
The basicity of earth is reduced to 2.4% or so；And the barren situation of the alkaline land soil that is effectively improved planting area, in soil
The content of organic matter rises to 3.77% by 1.42%, it has also become the content of organic matter is compared with the good farmland of horn of plenty, edaphon content
Improve 85.3%；Soil total gap rate is 52% or so, and hole of breathing freely is 19.2% or so.
As can be seen here, the present invention is notable to the improved effect in salt-soda soil, and corresponding crop yield the effect of increasing income of plantation is also very
Significantly, there are good economy, society and ecological benefits.
It should be understood that these embodiments are only illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.In addition, it is to be understood that
After the content of the invention lectured has been read, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, these
The equivalent form of value equally falls within the application appended claims limited range.
Claims (6)
1. utilize the method in alfalfa-beet-cotton-Corn Rotation System improvement salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
A. ditching is carried out in the salt-soda soil surrounding for needing to cultivate, forms discharge conduit and growing area；Fresh water pressure salt is first carried out, then
Apply 2000~4000 kilograms of alkaline land improving fertilizer in every mu of growing area, the leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, plough deeply 20~
25 centimetres, ground is harrowed neat and well spaced flat；
B. Alfalfa Growing：Carefully harrowed before sowing, broadcast sowing the seed handled well and slightly earthing；Growth period pays attention to the daily pipe in field
Reason：Including applying fertilizer, irrigating and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Chopping and returning is gathered in after growing up to during harvest in batches；
C. next year carries out beet sowing：It is applied to 1500~3000 kilograms of alkaline land improving fertilizer in every mu of application of growing area, passes through
Leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, ridging, cover film, sowing, bulb is crushed and soaks seed before sowing；Growth period pays attention to
Field daily management：Including final singling, keep a full stand of seedings, apply fertilizer, irrigate and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Harvest after autumn, by cauline leaf returning to the field；
D. cotton planting is carried out within the 3rd year：In every mu of 2000~3000 kilograms of salt-soda soil compound fertilizer special of application of growing area, pass through
Leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, sowing, cover film；Growth period pays attention to being intertilled depending on soil moisture content and rainfall, rupture of membranes
And ridging；Change control since flower bud phase, take the circumstances into consideration to spray and help strong element, and pest control；By the broken rear returning to the field of cotton stalk powder after autumn harvest；
E. corn planting is carried out within the 4th year：In every mu of 2000~3000 kilograms of salt-soda soil compound fertilizer special of application of growing area, pass through
Leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, sowing, growth period pays attention to water and fertilizer management and prevents and treats pest and disease damage, by powder of straw after autumn harvest
Returning to the field after broken；
The alkaline land improving fertilizer, including weight ratio is 30~40:10~14:6~10:16~18:8~12:4~8:3~5:3
~5:4~6:1~3 desulfurated plaster, activated carbon, flyash, plant haulm particle, bentonite, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate, height
Slag granules and microbial bacterial agent；
The salt-soda soil compound fertilizer special, it is 2 in mass ratio by microbial germ powder, mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, Controlled Release Fertilizer:
8:60:10:20 compositions, the microbial germ powder include Halophiles, basophilic bacterium, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, trichoderma, lactobacillus delbrueckii, withered grass
Bacillus, Escherichia coli；The mineral fertilizer includes medical stone, calcite, potassium feldspar, borax, sepiolite；Described organic fertilizer
Including one or more of in animal wastes, humic acid, clover, stalk, dregs of beans, peanut meal, the remaining residue of fermented product；It is described
Slow-release fertilizer includes calcium superphosphate, ureaformaldehyde；The Controlled Release Fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, the chlorination for being surrounded by the water permeable membrane of different-thickness half outside
Potassium, ammonium chloride.
2. the method in alfalfa-beet-cotton-Corn Rotation System improvement salt-soda soil, its feature are utilized as claimed in claim 1
It is：Alkaline land improving fertilizer is desulfurated plaster, activated carbon, flyash, plant haulm particle, bentonite, zeolite, urea,
The weight ratio of ammonium phosphate, blast furnace solid impurity particle and microbial bacterial agent is 35:12:8:16:10:6:4:4:5:2.
3. the method in alfalfa-beet-cotton-Corn Rotation System improvement salt-soda soil, its feature are utilized as claimed in claim 1
It is：The microbial bacterial agent includes weight than identical rhizobium, muscardine, De Shi lactic acid bacterias, streptomyces fradiae, Su Yunjin
Bacillus and gel-shaped bacillus.
4. the method in alfalfa-beet-cotton-Corn Rotation System improvement salt-soda soil, its feature are utilized as claimed in claim 3
It is：Rhizobium in the microbial bacterial agent are Sinorhizobium meliloti.
5. the method in alfalfa-beet-cotton-Corn Rotation System improvement salt-soda soil, its feature are utilized as claimed in claim 1
It is：It is 0.8~1.2 that the microbial germ powder, which includes weight ratio,:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2:0.1~0.3:
0.1~0.3:0.1~0.3 Halophiles, basophilic bacterium, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, trichoderma, lactobacillus delbrueckii, bacillus subtilis, large intestine bar
Bacterium；It is 2 that mineral fertilizer, which includes weight ratio,:2:1:1:0.5 medical stone, calcite, potassium feldspar, borax, sepiolite；Slow-release fertilizer includes
Weight is than identical calcium superphosphate and ureaformaldehyde；It is 2 that Controlled Release Fertilizer, which includes weight ratio,:1:1 ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride and ammonium chloride.
6. the method in alfalfa-beet-cotton-Corn Rotation System improvement salt-soda soil, its feature are utilized as claimed in claim 1
It is：The film covered in the step c and step d removes when intertillage, top dressing are combined in field management process.
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| CN112292959A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-02 | 北京四良科技有限公司 | Planting method for improving and utilizing moderate and light saline-alkali soil |
| CN113099966A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-13 | 新疆农业大学 | Method for planting special plants by linking indirect returning of crop straws to field |
| CN114368998A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-19 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Saline-alkali soil slow-release fertilizer and preparation method, application method and application thereof |
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| CN116018990A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-04-28 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corn in coastal saline-alkali soil |
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| CN108617448A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-09 | 铜仁学院 | A method of improving salt-soda soil Sugarbeet Quality and planting benefit |
| CN111386785A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-10 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | Biological method for saline-alkali soil improvement |
| CN111357421A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-07-03 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | Soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom planting and saline-alkali soil |
| CN112292959A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-02 | 北京四良科技有限公司 | Planting method for improving and utilizing moderate and light saline-alkali soil |
| CN112292959B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-04-19 | 北京四良科技有限公司 | Planting method for improving and utilizing moderate and light saline-alkali soil |
| CN113099966A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-13 | 新疆农业大学 | Method for planting special plants by linking indirect returning of crop straws to field |
| CN114402730A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-04-29 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of multiple salt-tolerant plants |
| CN114402730B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2024-02-02 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil by adopting mixed planting of multiple salt-tolerant plants |
| CN114368998A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-19 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Saline-alkali soil slow-release fertilizer and preparation method, application method and application thereof |
| CN116018990A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-04-28 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Annual rotation planting method for oat-silage corn in coastal saline-alkali soil |
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