CN111357421A - Soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom planting and saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom planting and saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111357421A CN111357421A CN202010308087.4A CN202010308087A CN111357421A CN 111357421 A CN111357421 A CN 111357421A CN 202010308087 A CN202010308087 A CN 202010308087A CN 111357421 A CN111357421 A CN 111357421A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom planting and saline-alkali soil, wherein the oyster mushroom planting step comprises the following steps: s1: planting Jujun grass and oyster mushroom in saline-alkali soil; s2: building a mushroom house; s3: preparing a culture medium: processing the harvested pennisetum hydridum into a culture medium required by oyster mushroom planting; s4: controlling the planting environment and performing daily management; the saline-alkali soil treatment method comprises the following steps: s5: the organic fertilizer is prepared by crushing wastes generated by oyster mushroom planting and is used for improving saline-alkali soil. According to the invention, the planting of the pennisetum hydridum, the planting of the oyster mushroom and the saline-alkali land treatment are combined to form a benign circular economy mode, and waste generated by oyster mushroom planting is crushed to prepare the organic fertilizer which is used for improving the saline-alkali land, so that soil organic matters can be effectively supplemented, the soil aggregate structure is improved, and the healthy growth of crops is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom planting and saline-alkali soil.
Background
Jujun grass belongs to angiosperma, monocotyledonous plant, Gramineae, and pennisetum. The cultivation in large area in China is successful, and the high-yield and high-quality fungus grass can be planted in saline-alkali soil. The pennisetum hydridum is used as a culture material, and 49 edible fungi and medicinal fungi such as shiitake mushroom, ganoderma lucidum and the like can be cultivated. Besides being used as a fungus material, the fertilizer is also beneficial to water and soil conservation and improvement of saline-alkali soil.
Pleurotus ostreatus (school name: Pleurotus ostreatus) also called Pleurotus ostreatus, oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, Taiwan also called Pleurotus ostreatus, belonging to Pleurotus ostreatus of Agaricales of Basidiomycota, is a common edible grey mushroom. Oyster mushroom is planted commonly, and waste materials (mushroom dregs, fungus bag dregs and the like) generated by planting also become an environmental burden.
At present, the common problem of saline-alkali soil is that the content of organic matters is low, so that the soil aggregate structure is poor, and the normal growth of crops is influenced, so that the basic method for improving the saline-alkali soil is to supplement the organic matters, improve the soil aggregate structure and ensure the normal growth of the crops. Therefore, it is necessary to search for an ecologically improved soil environment capable of forming one cycle of materials on saline-alkali soil and ensuring production patterns.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom planting and saline-alkali soil, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the oyster mushroom planting method comprises the following steps:
s1: planting Jujun grass and oyster mushroom in saline-alkali soil;
s2: building a mushroom house;
s3: preparing a culture medium: processing the harvested pennisetum hydridum into a culture medium required by oyster mushroom planting;
s4: planting environment control and daily management: preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and pruning branches;
the saline-alkali soil treatment method comprises the following steps:
s5: the organic fertilizer is prepared by crushing wastes generated by oyster mushroom planting and is used for improving saline-alkali soil.
Preferably, in step S1, the specific planting method of pennisetum hydridum and pleurotus ostreatus is:
finely ploughing the land before planting, applying 1000kg of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and forming a drainage ditch;
during sowing, the axillary buds of the seed stems of the pennisetum hydridum are placed in the soil ditch with the upward direction at the plant spacing of 60-80cm, soil is covered for 5-10cm, 1100 strains of 900-;
after planting, timely replanting seedlings according to the growth condition of plants, timely cleaning weeds and loosening soil, and timely irrigating so as to improve the yield;
harvesting the cultivated oyster mushroom 3-4 times a year, leaving 10cm of stubbles for each harvest, wherein the annual harvest period is 8 months, and dressing organic fertilizer after each harvest to promote the rapid growth of the oyster mushroom;
in the area with the air temperature of more than 0 ℃, the plants can safely overwinter; in the area with the air temperature not lower than-5 ℃, underground rhizomes of plants can safely overwinter; when the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, heat preservation measures are required to be adopted for preserving the seed stems; harvesting the last crop before winter, applying winter fertilizer, covering the root with soil, straw and plastic film, and keeping the temperature.
Preferably, in step S2, the mushroom house has an east-west direction and is arranged at the south end of the plot, drainage channels are arranged inside and outside the mushroom house, and the area of the mushroom house is 15-20m2The wall of the mushroom house is provided with a window, a plurality of illuminating lamps and humidifiers are further arranged in the mushroom house, and a plurality of cultivation beds are placed in the mushroom house.
Preferably, in step S3, the step of preparing the culture medium specifically includes:
crushing and mixing 70 wt% of pennisetum sinese roxb, 15 wt% of bran and 15 wt% of charcoal, mixing and soaking the raw materials by using lime water and carbendazim, and keeping the pH value of the mixture at 7-7.5;
the stirred raw materials are spread and stacked on a cultivation bed in a mushroom house, the indoor temperature is kept between 40 ℃ and 50 ℃, and the materials are turned once every 3 to 5 hours;
after stacking for 4-6 days, compacting the cultivation material with a wood board to a thickness of 8-12cm, planting oyster mushroom strains on the cultivation material according to a hole distance of 6cm and a hole depth of 3cm, and covering a film on the surface after planting.
Preferably, in step S4, the planting environment control and daily management steps specifically include:
keeping the indoor temperature of the mushroom house at 15-20 ℃ and the humidity at 65-75%, and timely uncovering the film for ventilation;
after sowing for one month, the hypha grows over the compost, digging holes on the film in the place with the hypha, controlling the temperature of the mushroom house at 13-18 ℃, spraying water for moisturizing, and strengthening ventilation of the mushroom house;
spraying water once a day when fruiting bodies of the oyster mushrooms appear, and harvesting after 4-5 days.
Preferably, in step S5, the organic fertilizer production step specifically includes:
crushing and mixing 50 parts by weight of oyster mushroom residues, 30 parts by weight of cow dung, 10 parts by weight of humic acid powder, 10 parts by weight of potassium fulvate, 2-5 parts by weight of lime and 5-10 parts by weight of water, heating to 35-40 ℃, and preserving heat and sealing for 3-5 hours;
drying the above mixture at a temperature of not higher than 70 deg.C and a temperature of 3000m3Drying the mixture at a large air volume/h, and crushing the dried mixture to prepare the powdery organic fertilizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the planting of the pennisetum hydridum, the planting of the oyster mushroom and the saline-alkali land treatment are combined to form a benign circular economy mode, and waste generated by oyster mushroom planting is crushed to prepare the organic fertilizer which is used for improving the saline-alkali land, so that soil organic matters can be effectively supplemented, the soil aggregate structure is improved, and the healthy growth of crops is ensured.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
The soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom planting and saline-alkali soil of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the oyster mushroom planting method comprises the following steps:
s1: the method for planting the pennisetum hydridum and the oyster mushroom in the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) finely ploughing the land before planting, applying 1000kg of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and forming a drainage ditch;
2) during sowing, the axillary buds of the seed stems of the pennisetum hydridum are placed in the soil ditch with the upward direction at the plant spacing of 60-80cm, soil is covered for 5-10cm, 1100 strains of 900-;
3) after planting, timely replanting seedlings according to the growth condition of plants, timely cleaning weeds and loosening soil, and timely irrigating so as to improve the yield;
4) harvesting 3-4 times per year of cultivated oyster mushrooms, generally harvesting for the first time in the 2 nd month after sowing, harvesting for the first time every 2 months, leaving 10cm of stubbles for each time of harvesting, wherein the annual harvesting period is 8 months, and dressing organic fertilizer after each time of harvesting to benefit the rapid growth of the oyster mushrooms;
5) in the region with the air temperature of more than 0 ℃, the oyster mushroom plants can safely overwinter; in the area with the air temperature not lower than-5 ℃, underground rhizomes of plants can safely overwinter; when the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, heat preservation measures are required to be adopted for storing the seed stems of the oyster mushrooms; harvesting the last crop before winter, applying winter fertilizer, covering the root with soil, straw and plastic film, and keeping the temperature.
S2: building a mushroom house;
the mushroom house runs from east to west on the plot and is arranged at the south end of the plot; drainage channels are arranged inside and outside the mushroom house, and the area of the mushroom house is 15-20m2(ii) a The wall surface of the mushroom house is provided with a window so as to facilitate lighting; the mushroom house is also provided with a plurality of illuminating lamps and humidifiers, and a plurality of cultivation beds are arranged.
The illumination lamp can provide illumination compensation according to the growth needs of the oyster mushrooms, the mycelia of the oyster mushrooms do not need light, and a dark or low-light environment is required during spawn running. However, the generation or growth of the oyster mushroom fruiting body requires light, the illumination intensity also influences the color of the fruiting body and the length of a stalk, and the illumination intensity is positively correlated with the color depth and the quality of the fruiting body.
The humidifier has the function of supplementing the water content of air in real time according to the growth requirement of the oyster mushrooms, the water content of a substrate for mycelium growth is optimal at 60% -65%, and the water content of the substrate for fruiting at 70% -75% is optimal.
S3: preparing a culture medium, processing the harvested Jujun grass into a culture medium required by planting oyster mushrooms, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
1) crushing and mixing 70 wt% of pennisetum sinese roxb, 15 wt% of bran and 15 wt% of charcoal, mixing and soaking the raw materials by using lime water and carbendazim, and keeping the pH value of the mixture at 7-7.5;
2) the stirred raw materials are spread and stacked on a cultivation bed in a mushroom house, the indoor temperature is kept between 40 ℃ and 50 ℃, and the materials are turned once every 3 to 5 hours;
3) after stacking for 4-6 days, compacting the cultivation material with a wood board to a thickness of 8-12cm, planting oyster mushroom strains on the cultivation material according to a hole distance of 6cm and a hole depth of 3cm, and covering a film on the surface after planting.
S4: planting environment control and daily management: preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and pruning branches;
1) keeping the indoor temperature of the mushroom house at 15-20 ℃ and the humidity at 65-75%, and timely uncovering the film for ventilation; ventilation can be reduced due to the small amount of the mycelium in the early spawn running period, and ventilation is increased along with the increase of the mycelium in the middle and later periods; ventilating in the morning and at night in high-temperature weather, and changing to ventilating before and after noon when the temperature is low; ventilating all day long in rainy and humid weather;
2) after sowing for one month, the hypha grows over the compost, digging holes on the film in the place with the hypha, controlling the temperature of the mushroom house at 13-18 ℃, spraying water for moisturizing, and strengthening ventilation of the mushroom house;
3) spraying water once a day when fruiting bodies of the oyster mushrooms appear, and harvesting after 4-5 days.
The saline-alkali soil treatment method comprises the following steps:
s5: crushing wastes such as mushroom residues and the like generated by oyster mushroom planting into organic fertilizers for improving saline-alkali soil;
1) crushing and mixing 50 parts by weight of oyster mushroom residues, 30 parts by weight of cow dung, 10 parts by weight of humic acid powder, 10 parts by weight of potassium fulvate, 2-5 parts by weight of lime and 5-10 parts by weight of water, heating to 35-40 ℃, and preserving heat and sealing for 3-5 hours;
2) drying the above mixture at a temperature of not higher than 70 deg.C and a temperature of 3000m3Drying the mixture at a large air volume/h, and crushing the dried mixture to prepare the powdery organic fertilizer.
According to the soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom planting and saline-alkali soil, the giant fungus grass planting, oyster mushroom planting and saline-alkali soil treatment on the saline-alkali soil are combined to form a benign circular economy mode, waste generated by oyster mushroom planting is crushed to be manufactured into the organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is used for improving the saline-alkali soil, soil organic matters can be effectively supplemented, the soil aggregate structure is improved, and therefore healthy growth of crops is guaranteed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art; where combinations of features are mutually inconsistent or impractical, such combinations should not be considered as being absent and not within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (6)
1. A soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom planting with saline-alkali soil is characterized in that:
the oyster mushroom planting method comprises the following steps:
s1: planting Jujun grass and oyster mushroom in saline-alkali soil;
s2: building a mushroom house;
s3: preparing a culture medium: processing the harvested pennisetum hydridum into a culture medium required by oyster mushroom planting;
s4: planting environment control and daily management: preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and pruning branches;
the saline-alkali soil treatment method comprises the following steps:
s5: the organic fertilizer is prepared by crushing wastes generated by oyster mushroom planting and is used for improving saline-alkali soil.
2. The soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom cultivation and saline-alkali soil as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the specific planting method of pennisetum hydridum and pleurotus ostreatus is as follows:
finely ploughing the land before planting, applying 1000kg of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and forming a drainage ditch;
during sowing, the axillary buds of the seed stems of the pennisetum hydridum are placed in the soil ditch with the upward direction at the plant spacing of 60-80cm, soil is covered for 5-10cm, 1100 strains of 900-;
after planting, timely replanting seedlings according to the growth condition of plants, timely cleaning weeds and loosening soil, and timely irrigating so as to improve the yield;
harvesting the cultivated oyster mushroom 3-4 times a year, leaving 10cm of stubbles for each harvest, wherein the annual harvest period is 8 months, and dressing organic fertilizer after each harvest to promote the rapid growth of the oyster mushroom;
in the area with the air temperature of more than 0 ℃, the plants can safely overwinter; in the area with the air temperature not lower than-5 ℃, underground rhizomes of plants can safely overwinter; when the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, heat preservation measures are required to be adopted for preserving the seed stems; harvesting the last crop before winter, applying winter fertilizer, covering the root with soil, straw and plastic film, and keeping the temperature.
3. The soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom cultivation and saline-alkali soil as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the mushroom house has an east-west direction, drainage channels are arranged inside and outside the mushroom house, and the area of the mushroom house is 15-20m2The mushroom house is also provided with a plurality of illuminating lamps and humidifiers, and a plurality of cultivation beds are placed in the mushroom house.
4. The soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom cultivation and saline-alkali soil as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the preparation of the culture medium specifically includes:
crushing and mixing 70 wt% of pennisetum sinese roxb, 15 wt% of bran and 15 wt% of charcoal, mixing and soaking the raw materials by using lime water and carbendazim, and keeping the pH value of the mixture at 7-7.5;
the stirred raw materials are spread and stacked on a cultivation bed in a mushroom house, the indoor temperature is kept between 40 ℃ and 50 ℃, and the materials are turned once every 3 to 5 hours;
after stacking for 4-6 days, compacting the cultivation material with a wood board to a thickness of 8-12cm, planting oyster mushroom strains on the cultivation material according to a hole distance of 6cm and a hole depth of 3cm, and covering a film on the surface after planting.
5. The soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom cultivation and saline-alkali soil as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: in step S4, the planting environment control and daily management steps specifically include:
keeping the indoor temperature of the mushroom house at 15-20 ℃ and the humidity at 65-75%, and timely uncovering the film for ventilation;
after sowing for one month, the hypha grows over the compost, digging holes on the film in the place with the hypha, controlling the temperature of the mushroom house at 13-18 ℃, spraying water for moisturizing, and strengthening ventilation of the mushroom house;
spraying water once a day when fruiting bodies of the oyster mushrooms appear, and harvesting after 4-5 days.
6. The soil improvement method combining oyster mushroom cultivation and saline-alkali soil as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: in step S5, the organic fertilizer production step specifically includes:
crushing and mixing 50 parts by weight of oyster mushroom residues, 30 parts by weight of cow dung, 10 parts by weight of humic acid powder, 10 parts by weight of potassium fulvate, 2-5 parts by weight of lime and 5-10 parts by weight of water, heating to 35-40 ℃, and preserving heat and sealing for 3-5 hours;
drying the above mixture at a temperature of not higher than 70 deg.C and a temperature of 3000m3Drying the mixture at a large air volume/h, and crushing the dried mixture to prepare the powdery organic fertilizer.
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