CN111406593B

CN111406593B - Farmland in-situ rice and wheat bacterium circulating production method

Info

Publication number: CN111406593B
Application number: CN202010259026.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈珊珊; 陈丹艳; 洪大林; 卢昕宇; 洪静雨; 金秋; 李成超
Original assignee: Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
Current assignee: Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
Priority date: 2020-04-03
Filing date: 2020-04-03
Publication date: 2021-12-14
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-03
Also published as: CN111406593A

Abstract

A method for circularly producing in-situ rice and wheat in farmland comprises the combined production of rice and straw mushroom and the combined production of wheat and white mushroom. The rice-straw mushroom combined production is carried out by preparing soil in situ in a field, making furrows and ditches, inoculating straw mushrooms, transplanting rice, managing growth environment I, harvesting straw mushrooms, excavating inter-row ditches, harvesting rice and the like in situ in the field. After the rice is harvested, the wheat-white mushroom combined production is carried out in situ, and comprises ridge soil preparation, white mushroom inoculation, wheat direct seeding, growth environment management II, white mushroom harvesting and wheat harvesting. In the production process of rice-straw mushroom, when the temperature is very high, a greenhouse is arranged, the top and the upper side of the greenhouse are covered with sunshade nets, and the lower side of the greenhouse is not covered with sunshade nets for ventilation. And when the production temperature of the wheat-white mushroom is lower, a small greenhouse is built indoors according to the ridge blocks. Then the circular production is carried out according to the two processes. The technology of the invention can utilize space-time arrangement, fully utilize field soil, save water and fertilizer, improve the field, improve the yield of rice and wheat and obtain high-value edible fungi.

Description

Farmland in-situ rice and wheat bacterium circulating production method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the fields of field grain crop growth, cyclic agriculture and the like, and particularly relates to a farmland in-situ rice and wheat bacterium cyclic production technology.

Background

The variety of the edible fungi is various, the requirements of different edible fungi on environmental factors are different, and some edible fungi can resist high temperature, such as straw mushrooms, mushrooms and the like;some suitable bacteria are suitable for low-temperature planting, such as white mushrooms and the like. The modern edible fungi are basically carried out in the constructed mushroom house by controlling the humidity, the temperature, the illumination and the CO of the environment₂Concentration and the like are processed in the modern production line process. At present, the raw materials for cultivating the edible fungi are not limited to agricultural and sideline products and leftovers such as cotton seed hulls, sawdust, bagasse, vinasse, straws, wheat straws, sorghum hulls and the like, and some weeds, fruit peels, leaves and light industrial waste are gradually used for cultivating the edible fungi. The rice and wheat straws are also the raw materials for preparing the edible fungus culture medium. Crushing rice straw or wheat straw, composting with other nutrients such as nitrogen, protein, amino acid, etc. required by the growth of edible fungi, and adjusting pH with lime or lime paste to adapt to the growth of edible fungi. Environmental factors and the moisture condition of the base material are strictly controlled in the growth process, and nutrients are applied. Crushing and fermenting rice and wheat straws, and then cultivating edible fungi such as oyster mushrooms, agaric, shiitake mushrooms, straw mushrooms, agaricus blazei, needle mushrooms, agaricus blazei murill and the like. The disinfection and sterilization are indispensable steps in the modern edible fungus production process. The situation of planting edible fungi in situ in a farmland is few, generally, rice is planted after harvesting or wheat is planted after harvesting, and no production technology of interplanting the edible fungi together with the rice or the wheat is provided. Rice and wheat rotation is a main farming system for the existing field grain production, especially in the south. After the rotation of rice and wheat, the rice and wheat are cultivated according to specific conditions. Because the farmland is ecologically used at present, the rice and wheat straws are not directly returned to the field generally and are used for crushing compost for returning to the field or leaving stubbles for plowing and returning to the field for cattle raising factories. The fertilizer loss is serious when the rice and wheat are rotated, the water can not be used efficiently, and the evaporation capacity is large. Therefore, a good planting mode capable of improving the efficient utilization of water and fertilizer in the farmland is not provided at the present stage. How to utilize rice and wheat crop rotation system to link with the production of edible fungi, improve the space-time utilization of farmland, and the technologies of saving fertilizer and water and the like have not been researched at all.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a farmland in-situ rice and wheat fungus circular production method, which is a circular production technology that rice-straw mushroom joint production is firstly carried out, and then wheat-white mushroom joint production is carried out; the rice-straw mushroom combined production is performed in situ in a farmland and comprises the processes of field in-situ soil preparation, bedding and ditching, straw mushroom inoculation, rice transplanting, growth environment management I, straw mushroom harvesting, inter-row ditch excavation, rice harvesting and the like; after the rice is harvested, carrying out the wheat-white mushroom combined production in situ, wherein the wheat-white mushroom combined production comprises ridge and block soil preparation, white mushroom inoculation, wheat direct seeding, growth environment management II, white mushroom harvesting and wheat harvesting; wherein, in the production process of the rice-straw mushroom, when the temperature is very high, a greenhouse is arranged, the top and the upper side of the greenhouse are covered with sunshade nets, and the lower side of the greenhouse is not covered with sunshade nets for ventilation; when the production temperature of the wheat-white mushroom is low, a small greenhouse is built indoors according to the ridge blocks; then the circular production is carried out according to the two processes.

The rice-straw mushroom joint production comprises the following specific steps:

a1 soil preparation in situ

Mixing 8-10 parts of hydrothermal carbon, 2-3 parts of crushed dry cow dung, 2-3 parts of biochar, 4-5 parts of mushroom dregs, 2-3 parts of commercial organic fertilizer and 1-2 parts of NPK compound fertilizer according to a certain mass ratio, applying 5-20 kg of the mixture into farmland according to the organic matter content detected by soil per square meter, ploughing and leveling, spraying EM bacterial solution to the ground surface to moisten and remove free water, covering 5cm thick ground straw, spraying EM bacterial solution, covering 5cm straw, spraying EM bacterial solution, covering black film, uncovering the film after three days, spraying lime water, ploughing, and then continuously covering a black film, uncovering the film after one week, uniformly ploughing, airing for 2-3 days until the water content of the soil is 60%, diluting all EM bacterial liquid according to the market EM stock solution, and then spraying 2 kilograms of EM bacterial liquid per square meter.

A2, making furrows

Applying a certain amount of urea (10 kg/mu) and monopotassium phosphate (5 kg/mu) to the field with the soil being prepared, ploughing and leveling, irrigating to ensure that the water content reaches 80%, and dividing a land preparation block into ridge blocks I (3), wherein the recommended length is about 15-20m, and the width is about 2 m. Furrowing is carried out between the furrow blocks along the length direction to form furrow furrows (2), the width is 25-30cm, the depth is 50cm, the furrow furrows (2) are uniformly filled with straws, clear lime water with the depth of about 30cm is filled in the furrow furrows, and a layer of black film is covered on the furrow furrows to prevent water from evaporating. And (3) uncovering the film to spray the EM bacterial liquid when spraying the EM bacterial liquid on the furrow block I (3) every time, turning the film uniformly, then irrigating to ensure that the water depth is 30cm, and finally covering a black film.

A3 inoculation of straw mushroom

Sowing a certain amount of ryegrass (6) seeds on the furrow blocks I (3), then ploughing and leveling (the depth is about 15cm), spraying EM bacterial liquid once, then inoculating straw mushroom (5) strains, and covering a black film for 3 days.

A4, transplanting rice

And (4) uncovering the film in the step A3, transplanting rice (1) according to the row spacing of 15cm and the row spacing of 20cm, and then irrigating and keeping the water content of the soil to be 100%.

A5, growth environment management I

(1) Moisture management

And (4) carrying out water management according to the change of the water content of the soil, if the water content of the soil is lower than the field moisture capacity of 60%, irrigating to 100%, and spraying the EM bacterial liquid once for 10-15 days.

(2) Nutrient management

NPK compound fertilizer (5 kg/mu), urea (5 kg/mu) and potassium bicarbonate (5 kg/mu) are added at one time along with irrigation in the flowering period of rice, and 2 kg of amino acid, iron, boron, zinc and calcium liquid compound trace element water-soluble fertilizer diluent sold in the market is sprayed per square meter.

(3) Temperature management

Monitoring the temperature, building an arched shed when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, covering a black sunshade net on the shed (4), and leaving ventilation positions on two sides.

A6, harvesting straw mushrooms

The straw mushrooms (5) begin to be harvested after 20 days, and the fruiting after 2 months of harvesting is not harvested.

A7, ditching inter-row ditch

After the harvest period of the straw mushrooms (5) is finished, partial inter-row ditches (8) are dug between two rows of rice (1) to be about 10cm wide, soil is piled to the roots of the rice on two sides to form rice root ridges (7), then straws are buried in the small ditches, and water is filled into the small ditches to cover the mulching films.

A8 harvesting rice

Harvesting according to the mature condition of rice, leaving stubbles, airing rice straws for later use, and not disassembling and covering films on the greenhouse (4).

The combined production of wheat and white mushroom comprises the following specific steps:

b1, preparing soil with ridge blocks

And (3) after the rice is harvested within one week, crushing the dried rice straw, leaving stubbles on the rice, turning over residual straw mushrooms and ryegrass in the field by adding 100 jin of crushed dried cow dung, 10 jin of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20 jin of gypsum and the like per square meter to form ridge block II (9) with the depth of 30cm, spraying EM bacterial liquid, covering a black film, uncovering the film in the inter-ridge ditch (2), spraying the EM bacterial liquid, turning over uniformly, irrigating to ensure that the water depth is 30cm, and finally continuously covering the black film.

B2 direct seeding of wheat

Directly sowing wheat according to the line spacing of 15 cm. Then covering the rice straw with crushed rice straw for about 5 cm.

B3 inoculation of white mushroom

Removing the film after one week, sowing white mushroom (12) wheat seed strain on the layer, slightly turning over (5cm), covering with black film, monitoring temperature, removing the film to dissipate heat if the temperature exceeds 30 deg.C, and removing the film after three days.

B4 growth environment management II

(1) Moisture management

And carrying out water management according to the change of the water content of the soil. And if the water content of the soil is lower than the field water holding capacity of 60%, irrigating to 80%, spraying EM bacterial liquid once every two weeks, uncovering the film to spray EM bacterial liquid when spraying EM bacterial liquid on the ridge blocks every time, turning over uniformly, then irrigating to ensure that the water depth is 30cm, and finally covering a black film.

(2) Nutrient management

In the wheat green turning period, urea of 20 kg/mu and diammonium phosphate of 10 kg/mu are topdressed along with irrigation. And 5 kg/mu of urea, 10 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate urea and 10 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer are added for the second time in the flowering period, and 2 kg of the diluting solution of the commercially available amino acid iron boron zinc calcium liquid composite microelement water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed per square meter.

(3) Temperature management

Covering a film on the greenhouse (4) when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃, building a small greenhouse (11) on each ridge in the room, and monitoring the indoor temperature.

(4) Humidity management

Keeping the humidity in the greenhouse (4) to be 60-70%, keeping the humidity in the small greenhouse (11) not higher than 90%, when the humidity in the small greenhouse (11) is higher than 90%, uncovering the thin film of the small greenhouse to make the humidity consistent with that in the greenhouse, then covering the thin film on the small greenhouse (11), and uncovering the thin films on the two sides of the greenhouse (4) to ventilate to keep the humidity in the greenhouse (4) to be 60-70%.

(5) Others

Monitoring CO in small greenhouse²Adding CO at a concentration of less than 400ppm₂The gas concentration reaches about 700-800ppm, and then CO is not added after one hour₂And meanwhile, a light supplement lamp (13) is used for supplementing light from 9 am to 3 pm every day.

B5, harvesting white mushrooms

And when the mushroom cover grows to 2-4 cm and is harvested before opening the mushroom, after the mushroom is wetted, re-spraying the EM bacterial liquid for 1 time, waiting for the mushroom to grow after wetting, and after 2-3 moisture is harvested approximately, finishing harvesting. The white mushrooms (12) growing in the later period are not harvested.

B6, harvesting wheat

Harvesting according to the mature condition of the wheat (9), then collecting and airing the wheat straws for later use, ploughing the straws together with the stubble, the ryegrass (6), the residual mushrooms and the like before the combined production of the rice and the straw mushrooms, and spraying EM microbial inoculum.

The invention can not only improve the yield of rice and wheat, but also obtain high-value edible fungi, and finally improve the comprehensive economic benefit. In addition, the method has the beneficial effects of efficiently utilizing water and fertilizer, reducing fertilizer loss, reducing the probability of agricultural non-point source pollution and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rice-straw mushroom interplanting layout;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a rice-straw mushroom growing process;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of inter-row trenching after straw mushroom harvest;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of rice ridging and straw filling inter-row trench after straw mushroom harvesting;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an interplanting layout of wheat and white mushrooms;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an indoor small greenhouse for interplanting wheat and white mushrooms.

Wherein: 1. rice; 2. furrow-in-furrow; 3. a furrow block I; 4. a greenhouse; 5. straw mushroom; 6. rye grass; 7. rice root and ridge; 8. inter-row trenches; 9. wheat; 10. a bed block II; 11. a small greenhouse; 12. white mushroom; 13. and a light supplement lamp.

Detailed Description

A farmland in-situ rice and wheat bacterium recycling production technology is implemented on a paddy field of a farmer family in a Jiangning area of Nanjing in Jiangsu province. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

(1) rice-straw mushroom joint production

A1 soil preparation in situ

Firstly, mixing (wheat straw) hydrothermal carbon (8-10 parts), dried cow dung (2-3 parts), biochar (2-3 parts), mushroom dregs (4-5 parts), commercial organic fertilizer (2-3 parts) and NPK compound fertilizer (1-2 parts) in situ in a farmland at the bottom of 5 months. According to the soil detection, the organic matter content is 3%, 8 kilograms of the mixture is applied to each square meter, and then ploughing and leveling are carried out. EM stock solution purchased from Ergle environmental protection biotechnology (Nanjing) Co., Ltd is diluted into EM bacterial solution, 2 kilograms of EM bacterial solution is sprayed to the ground surface according to each square meter until no clear water is available (fingers are inserted for 5cm and no obvious water is discharged), the straw is crushed by covering the thickness of 5cm, the EM bacterial solution is sprayed, and then the EM bacterial solution is sprayed by covering the straw of 5 cm. Covering a black film, uncovering the film after three days, spraying limewater, turning over, then continuously covering the black film, uncovering the film after one week, turning over uniformly, and airing for 2-3 days until the soil moisture is about 60% of field water capacity.

The hydrothermal carbon comes from the capital ring of agricultural academy of Jiangsu province. The biochar, the commercial organic fertilizer, the NPK compound fertilizer and the EM stock solution are from the market. The dried cow dung comes from the farm in the Liuhe district of Nanjing.

A2, making furrows

A1, applying a certain amount of urea (10 kg/mu) and monopotassium phosphate (5 kg/mu), ploughing and leveling, and irrigating to make the water content reach 80%. A land preparation block is then divided into length blocks, preferably of about 20m size and 2m wide. Furrows are arranged between the ridge blocks along the length direction according to the width of 30cm and the depth of 50 cm. Wheat straws are uniformly piled in the furrow ditches, clear lime water with the depth of about 30cm is filled in the furrow ditches, and a layer of black film is covered on the clear lime water to prevent water from evaporating. And (3) uncovering the film to spray EM bacterial liquid when the EM bacterial liquid is sprayed on the furrow block each time, turning the film evenly, then irrigating to ensure that the water depth is 30cm, and finally covering a black film.

A3 inoculation of straw mushroom

Sowing a certain amount of commercially available rye grass seeds in the furrow blocks, then ploughing and leveling (the depth is about 15cm), spraying EM bacterial liquid once, then inoculating straw mushroom strains, and covering a black film for 3 days.

A4, transplanting rice

Uncovering the film in the step A3, and transplanting rice seedlings (15-20cm high) according to the row spacing of 15cm and the row spacing of 20 cm. Then irrigating water and keeping the water content of the soil to be about 100% (no open water on the surface).

A5, growth environment management I

(1) Moisture management

And carrying out water management according to the change of the water content of the soil. And if the water content of the soil is lower than the field water capacity of 60%, irrigating to 100% (no clear water on the surface). And spraying EM bacterial liquid once for 10 days.

(2) Nutrient management

NPK compound fertilizer (5 kg/mu), urea (5 kg/mu) and potassium bicarbonate (5 kg/mu) are added at one time along with irrigation in the flowering period of rice. 2 kilograms of amino acid, iron, boron, zinc and calcium liquid composite microelement water-soluble fertilizer diluent which is sold in the market is sprayed per square meter.

(3) Temperature management

The temperature was monitored with a greenhouse hygrothermograph. And (3) erecting an arched greenhouse when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, covering a black sunshade net on the greenhouse at 8:00 in the morning, and leaving ventilation positions on two sides. In the evening (18:00), the sunshade net is uncovered. Approximately 50 days total film coverage.

A6, harvesting straw mushrooms

And starting to harvest the straw mushrooms in about 20 days. After harvesting 3 times, the fruiting body is not harvested.

A7, ditching inter-row ditch

After the straw mushroom harvesting period is finished, local ditching is carried out between two rows of rice for about 10cm in width, and soil is piled up towards the roots of the rice on two sides. Then burying straws in the small ditches, and filling water to cover the membranes.

A8 harvesting rice

And (4) harvesting at the bottom of 11 months according to the maturity condition of the rice, leaving stubbles, and airing the rice straws for later use. The greenhouse is not dismantled and covered with a film.

(2) Combined production of wheat and white mushroom

B1, preparing soil with ridge blocks

And (3) crushing the dried rice straws, leaving stubbles of the rice, and adding 100 jin of crushed dried cow dung, 10 jin of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20 jin of gypsum and the like into each square meter of the field and ploughing the furrow blocks (the depth is 30cm) within one week after the rice is harvested in the beginning of 12 months. Then spraying EM bacterial liquid and covering a black film. And (3) uncovering the film in the furrow, spraying EM bacterial liquid, turning uniformly, then irrigating to ensure that the water depth is 30cm, and finally continuously covering a black film.

The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the gypsum are all sold in the market.

B2 direct seeding of wheat

B3 inoculation of white mushroom

One week later, uncovering the film, sowing wheat seed strains on the layer, then shallow turning (5cm), covering a black film, monitoring the temperature, and uncovering the film to dissipate heat if the temperature exceeds 30 ℃. The film was removed after 3 days.

B4 growth environment management II

(1) Moisture management

And carrying out water management according to the change of the water content of the soil. And if the water content of the soil is lower than the field water capacity of 60%, irrigating to 80%. And sprayed with EM bacterial solution once for two weeks. And (3) uncovering the film to spray EM bacterial liquid when the EM bacterial liquid is sprayed on the furrow block each time, turning the film evenly, then irrigating to ensure that the water depth is 30cm, and finally covering a black film.

(2) Nutrient management

In the wheat green turning period, urea of 20 kg/mu and diammonium phosphate of 10 kg/mu are topdressed along with irrigation. 5 kg/mu of urea, 10 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate urea and 10 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer are added for the second time in the flowering period. 2 kilograms of amino acid, iron, boron, zinc and calcium liquid composite microelement water-soluble fertilizer diluent sold in the market is sprayed per square meter.

(3) Temperature management

Covering the greenhouse with a film at the temperature of less than 10 ℃, and building a small greenhouse on each ridge in the room. And monitoring the indoor temperature.

(4) Humidity management

The humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 60 and 70 percent, and the humidity in the small greenhouse is not higher than 90 percent. When the humidity in the small greenhouse is higher than 90%, the film of the small greenhouse is uncovered, so that the humidity is consistent with that in the greenhouse. Then covering a small greenhouse with a film, uncovering the films on two sides of the greenhouse for ventilation, and keeping the humidity in the greenhouse between 60 and 70 percent.

(5) Others

Because wheat and white mushroom are planted in the greenhouse and the small greenhouse, CO is generated in the growth process²The concentration will be very low and the growth of wheat and ryegrass requires CO²And can be used for photosynthesis. So that the CO in the small greenhouse is monitored²CO is added when the concentration is less than 400ppm₂The gas concentration reaches about 700-800ppm, and then no additional CO is added after one hour₂A gas. Meanwhile, the light is supplemented by a light supplementing lamp in the small greenhouse from 9 am to 3 pm every day. Lasting for about 3 months from the end of 12 months.

B5, harvesting white mushrooms

And (4) about 40 days after sowing, growing the mushroom cap to 2-4 cm, and harvesting before opening the mushroom. After the moisture mushrooms are finished, the EM bacterium liquid is sprayed for 1 time again, and the mushrooms are waited to come off the moisture. Approximately 3 tides after harvest. The white mushrooms growing in the later period are not harvested.

B6, harvesting wheat

Harvesting at the end of 5 months according to the maturity of wheat, collecting and airing wheat straws for later use, ploughing the wheat straws, the residual stubble, the ryegrass, the residual mushrooms and the like together before the rice-straw mushroom combined production, spraying EM (effective microorganism) fungicide, and then carrying out the rice-straw mushroom combined production process.

After the technology is used, the rice yield is improved by about 5 percent, the wheat yield is improved by about 35 percent, and the value of the edible fungi is increased by about 20 yuan per square meter. The value of the comprehensive income is increased by about 50 yuan/square meter. In addition, the utilization rate of the water and the fertilizer is respectively improved by about 10 to 15 percent, and the biodiversity development of a farmland ecosystem is promoted. Soil sample is adopted to measure the increase of the number of soil microorganisms, and farmland gases such as ammonia and N₂O、CO₂The emission is reduced.

Claims

1. A farmland in-situ rice and wheat bacterium circulating production method is characterized in that: carrying out rice-straw mushroom combined production in a greenhouse, then carrying out wheat-white mushroom combined production, and carrying out circular production according to the two processes; the rice-straw mushroom joint production comprises the following specific steps:

a1 soil preparation in situ

Mixing 8-10 parts of hydrothermal carbon, 2-3 parts of crushed dry cow dung, 2-3 parts of biochar, 4-5 parts of mushroom dregs, 2-3 parts of commercial organic fertilizer and 1-2 parts of NPK compound fertilizer according to a mass ratio, applying the mixture into a farmland according to the content of organic matters detected by soil according to 5-20 kilograms per square meter, turning and leveling, spraying EM bacterial liquid to the surface of the farmland to be moist and free of open water, covering 5cm thick crushed straws, spraying EM bacterial liquid, covering 5cm straws with EM bacterial liquid, covering a black film, covering the film after three days with lime water, turning, continuing covering the black film, covering the film after one week with the black film to be turned uniformly, airing for 2-3 days until the water content of the soil is 60%, and spraying 2 kilograms of diluted EM bacterial liquid per square meter to ensure that the surface of the farmland is moist and free of open water;

a2, making furrows

Applying a certain amount of urea and monopotassium phosphate into a field which is prepared, ploughing and leveling, irrigating water to enable the water content to reach 80%, dividing a land preparation block into a plurality of furrow blocks I (3), wherein the length of each furrow block I (3) is 15-20m, the width of each furrow block I is 2m, furrow furrows (2) are formed among the furrow blocks along the length direction, the width of each furrow ditch (2) is 25-30cm, the depth of each furrow ditch is 50cm, straws are uniformly piled in each furrow ditch (2), clear lime water with the depth of about 30cm is irrigated, and a black film is covered on the clear lime water to prevent water from evaporating; when EM bacterial liquid is sprayed on the furrow blocks I (3) each time, uncovering the film for spraying and turning uniformly, then irrigating to ensure that the water depth is 30cm, and finally covering a black film;

a3 inoculation of straw mushroom

Sowing a certain amount of ryegrass (6) seeds on the furrow blocks I (3), ploughing and leveling, spraying EM bacterial liquid once, then inoculating straw mushroom (5) strains, and covering a black film for 3 days after inoculation;

a4, transplanting rice

Uncovering the film after the step A3, transplanting rice (1) according to the plant spacing of 15cm and the row spacing of 20cm, then irrigating and keeping the soil moisture content at 100% and no clear water on the surface;

a5, growth environment management I

(1) Moisture management

Performing water management according to the change of the water content of the soil, if the water content of the soil is lower than 60 percent of field water capacity, irrigating to 100 percent and spraying EM bacterial liquid every 10 to 15 days, wherein the surface of the soil has no clear water;

(2) nutrient management

5 kilograms/mu of NPK compound fertilizer, 5 kilograms/mu of urea and 5 kilograms/mu of potassium bicarbonate are added at one time along with irrigation in the flowering period of the rice, and 2 kilograms of amino acid, iron, boron, zinc and calcium liquid compound trace element water-soluble fertilizer diluent sold in the market is sprayed per square meter;

(3) temperature management

Monitoring the temperature, erecting an arched greenhouse when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, covering a black sunshade net on the greenhouse (4), and reserving ventilation positions at two sides;

a6, harvesting straw mushrooms

Harvesting the straw mushrooms (5) 20 days after inoculation, and harvesting the mushrooms after 2 months;

a7, opening interrow groove

After the harvest period of the straw mushrooms (5) is finished, inter-row grooves (8) with the width of about 10cm are dug between two rows of rice (1), soil is piled up at the roots of the rice at two sides to form rice root ridges (7), then straws are buried in the inter-row grooves, and water is filled into the inter-row grooves to cover the rice seedlings;

a8 harvesting rice

Harvesting according to the mature condition of rice, leaving stubbles, airing rice straws for later use, and not disassembling and coating the greenhouse (4);

b1, preparing soil with ridge blocks

Within one week after the rice is harvested, adding 100 jin of dried and crushed rice straws, 10 jin of rice-magnesia-phosphate fertilizer and 20 jin of gypsum into the air-dried and crushed straw, straw mushroom and ryegrass in the field and each square meter of the rice straws to be ploughed, ploughing the mixture to a depth of 30cm to form a furrow block II (10), spraying EM bacterial liquid, covering a black film, uncovering the film in a furrow ditch (2), spraying the EM bacterial liquid, evenly ploughing, irrigating to ensure that the water depth is 30cm, and finally continuously covering a black film;

b2 direct seeding of wheat

Directly sowing wheat at a line spacing of 15cm, and covering the wheat with crushed rice straws by about 5 cm;

b3 inoculation of white mushroom

Removing the film after one week of sowing, layer-sowing white mushroom (12) wheat seed strain, shallow turning for 5cm, covering with black film, monitoring temperature, removing the film to dissipate heat if the temperature exceeds 30 deg.C, and removing the film after three days;

b4 growth environment management II

(1) Moisture management

Performing water management according to the change of the water content of the soil, if the water content of the soil is lower than 60 percent of field water capacity, irrigating to 80 percent, spraying EM bacterial liquid once every two weeks, uncovering a film to spray and turning over the film uniformly when the EM bacterial liquid is sprayed on the furrow blocks every time, then irrigating to ensure that the water depth is 30cm, and finally covering a black film;

(2) nutrient management

In the wheat green turning period, carrying out topdressing with 20 kg/mu of urea and 10 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate along with irrigation, carrying out topdressing with 5 kg/mu of urea, 10 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate and 10 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer for the second time in the flowering period, and simultaneously spraying 2 kg of a commercial amino acid, iron, boron, zinc and calcium liquid composite trace element water-soluble fertilizer diluent per square meter;

(3) temperature management

Monitoring the indoor temperature, covering a film on the greenhouse (4) when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃, and building a small greenhouse (11) on each ridge in the greenhouse;

(4) humidity management

Keeping the humidity in the greenhouse (4) to be 60-70%, keeping the humidity in the small greenhouse (11) not higher than 90%, when the humidity in the small greenhouse (11) is higher than 90%, uncovering the thin film of the small greenhouse to reduce the humidity to be consistent with that in the greenhouse, then covering the thin film of the small greenhouse (11), uncovering the thin films on the two sides of the greenhouse (4) for ventilation, and keeping the humidity in the greenhouse (4) to be 60-70%;

(5) others

Monitoring CO in small greenhouse₂Adding CO at a concentration of less than 400ppm₂The gas concentration reaches 700-Adding, and simultaneously supplementing light between 9 am and 3 pm every day by using a light supplementing lamp (13);

b5, harvesting white mushrooms

Harvesting when the mushroom cover grows to 2-4 cm and the mushroom is not opened, after harvesting of the wet mushroom is finished, re-spraying the EM bacterial liquid for 1 time, waiting for the mushroom to grow out after the tide comes down, and after 2-3 tides are harvested, finishing harvesting, wherein the white mushroom (12) growing in the later period is not harvested;

b6, harvesting wheat

Harvesting according to the mature condition of the wheat (9), then collecting and airing the wheat straws for later use, ploughing the straws together with the stubble, the ryegrass (6) and the residual mushrooms before the combined production of the rice and the straw mushrooms, and spraying EM microbial inoculum.