CN110367041A - A method of using rice wheat straw cultivate Stropharia rugoso-annulata and with rice crop rotation - Google Patents

A method of using rice wheat straw cultivate Stropharia rugoso-annulata and with rice crop rotation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110367041A
CN110367041A CN201910778943.XA CN201910778943A CN110367041A CN 110367041 A CN110367041 A CN 110367041A CN 201910778943 A CN201910778943 A CN 201910778943A CN 110367041 A CN110367041 A CN 110367041A
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rice
annulata
straw
stropharia rugoso
stalk
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沈亚强
沈盟
姚祥坦
程旺大
王瑞森
张红梅
袁晔
陈贵
王保君
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Jiaxing Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Zhejiang Province
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Jiaxing Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Zhejiang Province
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20Culture media, e.g. compost
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to ecological circulation agriculture fields, specifically disclose it is a kind of cultivate Stropharia rugoso-annulata and method with rice crop rotation using rice wheat straw, comprise the following processes: whole field bedding that → laying rice and kernel mixed straw compost and prewet → broadcasts strain → trench digging earthing → daily management and harvesting → bacteria residue returning to the field Rice Cropping.The present invention makes full use of space, land resource, and the ecological circulation for realizing agricultural wastes utilizes;In addition, present invention kind Stropharia rugoso-annulata use prewets, sows, ditching, the light and simple cultivation technique that earthing is disposably completed, time cost is saved.Stalk bacteria residue direct returning to farmland utilizes after Stropharia rugoso-annulata harvests, and not only reduces the chemical fertilizer investment during Rice Cropping, also improves rice yield and can produce the high-quality ecological rice of green non-pollution, further improve the economic benefit of cultivation.

Description

A method of using rice wheat straw cultivate Stropharia rugoso-annulata and with rice crop rotation
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological circulation agriculture fields, and in particular to a kind of to utilize rice wheat straw cultivation Stropharia rugoso-annulata and and water The method of rice crop rotation.
Background technique
Stropharia rugoso-annulata (Stropharia rugoso-annulata) is under the jurisdiction of Basidiomycotina (Basidomycota), layer Gammaproteobacteria (Hymenomycetes), Agaricales (Agaricales), Strophariaceae (Strophariaceae), Stropharia (Stropharia) fungi.Stropharia rugoso-annulata bodily form in similar fungi is huge, also known as garden giant, Godzilla mushroom, and because Its mushroom lid color is close to claret, the also referred to as red Stropharia rugoso-annulata of wine.
Its fresh mushroom of Stropharia rugoso-annulata is beautiful in colour, meat tender and smooth, and dry product smell faint scent, delicious flavour is soft, and nutrition is rich Richness is quite liked by consumer containing quite high protein, saccharic, minerals, vitamin and 17 kinds of amino acid in European & American Market Love, is one of the ten big mushroom classes on international mushroom class trade market, Stropharia rugoso-annulata is also FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) into development One of the big mushroom kind in international market salable ten of cultivation is recommended by country.According to the literature, Stropharia rugoso-annulata polysaccharide has prevention coronary disease It is sick, aid digestion, alleviate mental fatigue and other effects, contained by antioxidant (flavonoids, polyphenol, saponin etc.) to infant's intelligence Power and nervous centralis development play a significant role.Soil and 2,4,6- tri- in waste water in addition, Stropharia rugoso-annulata can also effectively degrade The nuisances such as nitrotoleune (TNT), chlorobenzene, aniline compound, chlorinated phenol, cresols, phenyl methylcarbamate and dimethylbenzene, are environmental protections And one of important biomolecule of pollution law.
China is exactly a large agricultural country, agricultural straw resource very abundant since ancient times.According to the relevent statistics, China is every Year produces about more than 700,000,000 tons stalks.But for a long time, the comprehensive utilization ratio of China's stalk is lower, and peasant is often to grab the farming time figure It saves trouble, a big chunk stalk on-site incineration not only results in waste of resources, also serious pollution air aggravates soil hardening, danger And public safety.Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of agricultural straw resource for environmental protection, it is resource-effective, promote increasing peasant income with And Sustainable Development of Agriculture is significant.
Publication No. CN108990697A discloses the facility cultivation technique of a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and rice crop rotation, will After stalk, corncob and rice hulls difference compost fermentation, it is layered stone, ensure that the nutrient during mycelia and fruit body development And oxygen supply, fruiting yield and quality is not only increased, the crop cycle of Stropharia rugoso-annulata is also shortened.But it cultivated Journey is complicated and without the problem that the above-mentioned agricultural crop straw of very good solution is handled, and cultivation is at high cost, reduces the economic effect of cultivation Therefore benefit is not suitable for being applied in actual production.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides one kind simply, merely with agricultural crop straw cultivates Stropharia rugoso-annulata Technique, the not only problem of very good solution agricultural crop straw comprehensive utilization, moreover it is possible to further increase the rice of crop rotation therewith Yield and rice quality have extremely strong practical application value and economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
Stropharia rugoso-annulata and method with rice crop rotation are cultivated using rice wheat straw the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of, it should Method is simple and efficient, not only consume a large amount of rice wheat straw, it is ensured that the yield of Stropharia rugoso-annulata and rice further increases The economic benefit of cultivation is suitble to extensive promote and apply.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A method of using rice wheat straw cultivate Stropharia rugoso-annulata and with rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that including walking as follows It is rapid:
A) whole field bedding: using outdoor cropping mode, by soil scarifying in field, rakes, sterilizes, planning width is in field The ridge-up bed of 75~85cm, the gutter (also serving as production operation channel) that planning width is 60~70cm between furrow;
B) it is laid with stalk compost and prewets: the rice straw and smashed wheat stalk not crushed are collected, after drying Laying is prewetted after laying on the ridge-up bed of planning;
Wherein, in one layer of rice straw not crushed of first laying on the ridge-up bed of planning, then one layer of smashed wheat of laying Stalk, finally one layer of rice straw not crushed of laying again;Every square metre of net area spreads 10~13kg of stalk compost, rice straw Stalk and wheat stalk weight ratio are 4:2~4;
C) it sows: prewetting and finish after moisture stabilization, bacterium bag is broken into the fritter of 4~6cm, using quincunx program request, cave Away from 10~12cm, inoculum concentration is 500~600g/m2
D) trench digging earthing: after planting begin to rehearse ditch, and the soil of trench digging is covered on stalk compost, strikes and carefully spreads, earthing After again one layer of 3~5cm thickness of overburden layer upper cover rice straw be retained;
E) daily management and harvesting: after planting maintaining the moisture state of overburden layer, and control material temperature is no more than 30 DEG C, water content It is 67~70%;It is harvested when Stropharia rugoso-annulata fructification lamella not yet ruptures, cap is bell-like;
F) bacteria residue returning to the field rice cultivation: harvesting finishes cleaning field face, turns over, stalk bacteria residue is turned over together in burying in time And after smooth field, Rice Cropping is carried out.
In step a), gutter is held successfully in the field surrounding, to prevent field ponding after heavy rain from penetrating into mushroom bed influence Mycelia growth and development.
In step b), preferably, every square metre of net area spreads rice wheat straw compost 11kg, rice straw and Wheat Straw Stalk weight ratio is 4:3.
Further preferably, the weight ratio of upper layer rice straw, middle layer wheat stalk and bottom rice straw is 2:3:2. This is because practice have shown that, the yield highest of rice wheat straw Stropharia rugoso-annulata under the conditions of preferred ratio and dosage.
In step b), the process of prewetting, which can be used film and be covered on stalk compost, carries out moisturizing.
Ridge-up bed width is controlled in step d), after earthing and is no more than 100cm, and gutter width is 40~50cm.
In step d), preferably, the earthing with a thickness of 3~4cm, be unfavorable for cultivating this is because overburden layer is blocked up Expect oxygen flow, high temperature anaerobic is easily caused to endanger mycelia normal development.
In step e), the Stropharia rugoso-annulata receives 3~5 batches of mushrooms in entire growth period, and every batch of mushroom interval time is 10~15 days.
Hypha Growth of Stropharia Rugosa-annulata optimum temperature is 24~26 DEG C, and Compost moisture content is 67~70%, and air is relatively wet Degree 85~90%.Therefore, it should after planting take corresponding measure to keep suitable temperature and humidity, be conducive to mycelium germination and life to create Long environmental condition.The optimum temperature of Stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting is 12~21 DEG C, is lower than 4 DEG C or the not long mushroom more than 30 DEG C, generally Under environment suitable condition, mycelia 15~20 days can fruiting after penetrating overburden layer.
The emphases of supervision of fruiting phase is that moisturizing and reinforcement are ventilated, therefore keeping overburden layer humidity is the crux of management, If overburden layer drying is whitened, it must suitably spray light-water and make up to moisture state, but spraying water can't be excessive, to prevent excessive moisture stream Pan feeding internal corrosion mycelia.
In step f), selection rice rice varieties of fine quality and precocious in the Rice Cropping.
When selecting conventional rice kind, 3.5~5kg of sowing quantity per acre.When selecting hybrid rice variety, per acre with kind Measure 0.75~1.5kg.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages that and effect:
(1) cultivation of Stropharia rugoso-annulata uses rice and kernel mixed straw in the present invention, compared to pure water rice straw, rice-wild rice stem Mixed straw and rice-rape mixed straw cultivate Stropharia rugoso-annulata using rice and kernel mixed straw, and Stropharia rugoso-annulata can obtain higher Yield.
(2) present invention in Stropharia rugoso-annulata using prewet, sow, ditching, the light and simple cultivation technique that earthing is disposably completed, It is simple and efficient, saves working hour, be very suitable to large-scale promotion application.
(3) the rice wheat straw raw material in the present invention is cheap and easy to get, spreads rice wheat straw culture according to one mu of Stropharia rugoso-annulata of plantation Expect most about 360m2(net area) measuring and calculating, can at most consume rice straw 2.3t, wheat stalk about 1.7t or so, not only per acre It solves the problems, such as the utilization of stalk resource ecological circulation, also reduces production cost, improve the economic benefit of cultivation.
(4) stalk bacteria residue direct returning to farmland utilizes rice cultivation after the Stropharia rugoso-annulata harvesting in the present invention, not only reduces Chemical fertilizer investment during Rice Cropping, also improve rice yield and can produce green non-pollution high-quality ecology it is big Rice, further improves the economic benefit of cultivation.
Specific embodiment
Method of the invention is further described below with reference to embodiment, but do not limit the invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
A) whole field bedding:
Using outdoor cropping mode, cultivates field and require cleaning, contamination-free, field surrounding holds gutter successfully, to prevent Field ponding, which penetrates into mushroom bed, after heavy rain influences mycelia growth and development;Again by field soil scarifying, rake, it is according to circumstances right Field carries out disinfection;The ridge-up bed that width is 80cm is formulated for after whole field in field, it is 70cm's that width is cooked up between furrow Gutter;
B) it is laid with stalk compost and prewets:
The rice straw and smashed wheat stalk not crushed are collected, is dried, prior to laying one first on the ridge-up bed of planning The rice straw that does not crush of layer, then one layer of smashed wheat stalk of laying, finally one layer of rice straw not crushed of laying again; Every square metre (net area) paving rice wheat straw compost 11kg, upper layer rice straw, middle layer wheat stalk and bottom rice straw The weight ratio of stalk is 2:3:2;It prewets after stalk compost laying, daily spray clear water 3 times, continuous spray 3 days, is anti- The only moisture evaporation in stalk compost, suitably covers moisturizing with film.
C) it sows:
Stalk compost is prewetted to finish and be sowed after moisture stabilization, and bacterium bag is broken into 5cm or so size when sowing Fritter (should not be excessively broken), using quincunx program request, hill spacing 12cm, every square metre of strain dosage 500g.
D) trench digging earthing:
Trench digging and earthing after planting are carried out according to the gutter width of above-mentioned planning, and trench digging and earthing carry out together, It directly strikes on ditch mud shovel to compost and carefully spreads when trench digging, thickness of earth covering 3cm or so, control ridge-up bed hair is wide after covering earthing 100cm, gutter clear span 50cm;Again in the rice straw of one layer of 5cm thickness of overburden layer upper cover in favor of water conservation after earthing.
E) daily management and harvesting:
The after planting temperature and humidity of priority control stalk compost notices that moisturizing and reinforcement are ventilated, maintains overburden layer Moisture state, the specific material temperature that controls are no more than 30 DEG C, and Compost moisture content is 67~70%, must be suitable if overburden layer drying is whitened Moisture state is made up to when spraying light-water, but spraying water can't be excessive, flows into material internal corrosion mycelia to prevent excessive moisture;Fruiting Afterwards, it is harvested in time when Stropharia rugoso-annulata fructification lamella not yet ruptures, cap is bell-like, Stropharia rugoso-annulata entire growth period receives 3~5 Stubble mushroom, every batch mushroom interval time about 10~15 days.
F) bacteria residue returning to the field rice cultivation:
After Stropharia rugoso-annulata harvests, cleaning field face is turned in time, stalk bacteria residue is turned over together in burying and smooth field Block carries out raising rice seedlings and harvests work;Rice varieties select " pine is early No. 1 fragrant ", per acre sowing quantity 3.5kg, and Yu Wuyue 19th~21 It using artificial broadcast, is gathered in around National Day, Rice Cropping whole process is not to fertilize.
Embodiment 2
A) whole field bedding:
Using outdoor cropping mode, cultivates field and require cleaning, contamination-free, field surrounding holds gutter successfully, to prevent Field ponding, which penetrates into mushroom bed, after heavy rain influences mycelia growth and development;Again by field soil scarifying, rake, it is according to circumstances right Field carries out disinfection;The ridge-up bed that width is 80cm is formulated for after whole field in field, it is 60cm's that width is cooked up between furrow Gutter;
B) it is laid with stalk compost and prewets:
The rice straw and smashed wheat stalk not crushed are collected, is dried, prior to laying one first on the ridge-up bed of planning The rice straw that does not crush of layer, then one layer of smashed wheat stalk of laying, finally one layer of rice straw not crushed of laying again; Every square metre (net area) paving rice wheat straw compost 12kg, upper layer rice straw, middle layer wheat stalk and bottom rice straw The weight ratio of stalk is 2:3:2;It prewets after stalk compost laying, daily spray clear water 3 times, continuous spray 3 days, is anti- The only moisture evaporation in stalk compost, suitably covers moisturizing with film.
C) it sows:
Stalk compost is prewetted to finish and be sowed after moisture stabilization, and bacterium bag is broken into 5cm or so size when sowing Fritter (should not be excessively broken), using quincunx program request, hill spacing 10cm, every square metre of strain dosage 600g.
D) trench digging earthing:
Trench digging and earthing after planting are carried out according to the gutter width of above-mentioned planning, and trench digging and earthing carry out together, It directly strikes on ditch mud shovel to compost and carefully spreads when trench digging, thickness of earth covering 4cm or so, control ridge-up bed hair is wide after covering earthing 100cm, gutter clear span 40cm;Again in the rice straw of one layer of 5cm thickness of overburden layer upper cover in favor of water conservation after earthing.
E) daily management and harvesting:
The after planting temperature and humidity of priority control stalk compost notices that moisturizing and reinforcement are ventilated, maintains overburden layer Moisture state, the specific material temperature that controls are no more than 30 DEG C, and Compost moisture content is 67~70%, must be suitable if overburden layer drying is whitened Moisture state is made up to when spraying light-water, but spraying water can't be excessive, flows into material internal corrosion mycelia to prevent excessive moisture;Fruiting Afterwards, it is harvested in time when Stropharia rugoso-annulata fructification lamella not yet ruptures, cap is bell-like, Stropharia rugoso-annulata entire growth period receives 3~5 Stubble mushroom, every batch mushroom interval time about 10~15 days.
F) bacteria residue returning to the field rice cultivation:
After Stropharia rugoso-annulata harvests, cleaning field face is turned in time, stalk bacteria residue is turned over together in burying and smooth field Block carries out raising rice seedlings and harvests work;Rice varieties select " pine is early No. 1 fragrant ", per acre sowing quantity 3.5kg, and Yu Wuyue 19th~21 It using artificial broadcast, is gathered in around National Day, Rice Cropping whole process is not to fertilize.
Comparative example 1
Rice is directly carried out using the field of cleaning, contamination-free near cultivation field described in 1 step a) of embodiment Plantation, rice varieties select " pine is early No. 1 fragrant ", and sowing quantity 3.5kg, uses artificial broadcast in Yu Wuyue 19th~21, before National Day per acre After gathered in, apply fertilizer during Rice Cropping depending on rice growing way.
The rice yield planted in Examples 1 to 2 and comparative example 1 and rice matter, concrete outcome such as following table are measured respectively 1, shown in table 2.By the following table 1, table 2 it is found that after Stropharia rugoso-annulata bacteria residue returning to the field of the present invention rice cultivation relative to normal mode, Rice yield, meter Zhi Jun increase.
Table 1
Average setting percentage (%) Mass of 1000 kernel (g) Yield (kg/667m2)
Embodiment 1 81.0 24.38 528.5
Embodiment 2 79.5 24.37 520.6
Comparative example 1 77.2 24.03 480.6
Table 2
Comparative example 2
In step b), rice wheat straw compost is replaced with into pure water rice straw compost, remaining operation is the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
In step b), wheat stalk is replaced with into wild rice stem stalk, remaining operation is the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
In step b), wheat stalk is replaced with into rape stalk, remaining operation is the same as embodiment 1.
The yield that Examples 1 to 2 and comparative example 2~4 cultivate Stropharia rugoso-annulata is as shown in table 3, by the following table 3 it is found that using this The invention rice and kernel mixed straw cultivation Stropharia rugoso-annulata yield be apparently higher than pure water rice straw, rice-wild rice stem mixed straw with And rice-rape mixed straw cultivation.
Table 3

Claims (8)

1. a kind of cultivate Stropharia rugoso-annulata and method with rice crop rotation using rice wheat straw, which comprises the steps of:
A) whole field bedding: using outdoor cropping mode, by soil scarifying in field, rakes, sterilizes, in field planning width be 75~ The ridge-up bed of 85cm, the gutter that planning width is 60~70cm between furrow;
B) it is laid with stalk compost and prewets: collecting the rice straw and smashed wheat stalk not crushed, dry rear laying In on the ridge-up bed of planning, prewet after laying;
Wherein, in one layer of rice straw not crushed of laying first on the ridge-up bed of planning, then one layer of smashed wheat stalk of laying, Last one layer of rice straw not crushed of laying again;Every square metre of net area spreads 10~13kg of stalk compost, rice straw and The weight ratio of wheat stalk is 4:2~4;
C) it sows: prewetting and finish after moisture stabilization, bacterium bag is broken into the fritter of 4~6cm, using quincunx program request, hill spacing 10 ~12cm, inoculum concentration are 500~600g/m2
D) trench digging earthing: after planting begin to rehearse ditch, and the soil of trench digging is covered on stalk compost, strikes and carefully spreads, then in earthing The rice straw water conservation of layer one layer of 3~5cm thickness of upper cover;
E) daily management and harvesting: after planting maintaining the moisture state of overburden layer, and control material temperature is no more than 30 DEG C, water content 67 ~70%;It is harvested when Stropharia rugoso-annulata fructification lamella not yet ruptures, cap is bell-like;
F) bacteria residue returning to the field rice cultivation: harvesting finishes cleaning field face, turns in time, stalk bacteria residue is turned in burying together and put down After whole field, Rice Cropping is carried out.
2. rice wheat straw as described in claim 1 cultivates Stropharia rugoso-annulata and the method with rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that step B) in, every square metre of net area spreads rice wheat straw compost 11kg, and rice straw and wheat stalk weight ratio are 4:3.
3. rice wheat straw as claimed in claim 2 cultivates Stropharia rugoso-annulata and the method with rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that upper layer The weight ratio of rice straw, middle layer wheat stalk and bottom rice straw is 2:3:2.
4. rice wheat straw as described in claim 1 cultivates Stropharia rugoso-annulata and the method with rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that step B) in, the process of prewetting is covered on stalk compost using film carries out moisturizing.
5. rice wheat straw as described in claim 1 cultivates Stropharia rugoso-annulata and the method with rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that step D) ridge-up bed width is controlled in, after earthing and is no more than 100cm, and gutter width is 40~50cm.
6. rice wheat straw as described in claim 1 cultivates Stropharia rugoso-annulata and the method with rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that step D) in, the earthing with a thickness of 3~4cm.
7. rice wheat straw as described in claim 1 cultivates Stropharia rugoso-annulata and the method with rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that step E) in, the Stropharia rugoso-annulata receives 3~5 batches of mushrooms in entire growth period, and every batch of mushroom interval time is 10~15 days.
8. rice wheat straw as described in claim 1 cultivates Stropharia rugoso-annulata and the method with rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that step F) in, selection rice rice varieties of fine quality and precocious in the Rice Cropping.
CN201910778943.XA 2019-08-22 2019-08-22 A method of using rice wheat straw cultivate Stropharia rugoso-annulata and with rice crop rotation Pending CN110367041A (en)

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CN111406593A (en) * 2020-04-03 2020-07-14 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 Farmland in-situ rice and wheat bacterium circulating production method
CN114946530A (en) * 2021-12-24 2022-08-30 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 Method for improving soil through cornstalk substrate transformation

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Application publication date: 20191025