CN104381109A - Greenhouse vegetable soil-free cultivation technique - Google Patents

Greenhouse vegetable soil-free cultivation technique Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104381109A
CN104381109A CN201410686243.5A CN201410686243A CN104381109A CN 104381109 A CN104381109 A CN 104381109A CN 201410686243 A CN201410686243 A CN 201410686243A CN 104381109 A CN104381109 A CN 104381109A
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China
Prior art keywords
matrix
booth
fermentation
vegetable
cultivation
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CN201410686243.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104381109B (en
Inventor
郭诗谦
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Shandong Hailan Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.
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XIANGTAN YILVYUAN VEGETABLE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING PROFESSION COOPERATIVES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/021Pots formed in one piece; Materials used therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0293Seed or shoot receptacles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14Greenhouses
    • A01G9/1438Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/23Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a greenhouse vegetable soil-free cultivation technique which includes the steps of greenhouse reconstruction, matrix culture and soil-free cultivation. A single vegetable greenhouse is reconstructed into a connected vegetable greenhouse, original single production plots are combined into a production region. A matrix culture medium is prepared from livestock manure, mixed with microbial strains, by fermenting, decomposing, sieving, size grading and adding slag and gravel. The ground of the greenhouse is covered by PE (polyethylene) films, PE film planting bags are used, water is sprayed in the planting process, the relative humidity of a matrix is kept at 15-30%, and nutrient solution is sprayed to leaf surfaces.

Description

Booth vegetable is from soil cultivation
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of booth vegetable from soil cultivation.
Background technology
In booth vegetable cultivation, Vegetable produce space plastic foil is covered, the ecotope that creation that can be artificial is suitable, adjustment Vegetable produce season, according to market demand cultivation, promote vegetables good quality and high output, satisfy the demands of consumers, increase farmers' income.Due to fixed space is airtight in booth vegetable cultivation, limited space, makes the automation in growing vegetables process, mechanization degree reduces greatly.
Refer to without natural soil raise crop from soil cultivation, and adopt organic substrate also with the cultivation method of nutrition liquid irrigation.Being mainly used in gourd, fruit and vegetable or floriculture, is the high yield and high quality advanced technology of a water-saving, the fertile saving of labor again of province.Substrate culture is a kind of mode that in soilless culture, popularizing area is maximum.It is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic by the root system of crop, by the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, and supply crop alimentary liquid.Current countries in the world great majority adopt gravel, sand, mud (grass) charcoal, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, wood sawdust etc. as fixing matrix.
Along with the continuous expansion in city, building site area constantly increases, and the land area that can plough is fewer and feweri, and land resources is more and more deficienter, therefore develops and does not rely on the significant to the deficient problem in solution soil from soil cultivation of land resources.Existing cultivation technique without soil operating process is complicated, plantation dispersion, and concentrate factory management difficulty large, adopt single livestock manure fermented, product is single, and the content of organic matter is low.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention aims to provide a kind of booth vegetable of factory management of concentrating from soil cultivation, and this technical operation is simple, and matrix cost is low, effective, and the content of organic matter is high, can effectively ensure vegetable growth desired nutritional.The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Comprise booth reconstruction, matrix is cultivated, soilless culture step; Described booth reconstruction is that monomer green house of vegetables is reconstructed into disjunctor green house of vegetables, and community associated for single production becoming is produced great Qu; Described matrix is cultivated and is selected wood chip, feces of livestock and poultry, perlite, lotus seed shell, limestone dust, extra large ore breeze mixes and adds microorganism fungus kind, fermentation maturity, and sieve, grain size grading obtains matrix medium; Described soilless culture process selects PE film by booth covered ground, with the cultivation of PE film planting bag, sprays water in planting process, keeps matrix relative moisture 15-30%, foliage-spray nutritious liquor.
As specifically, the weight portion of each composition of described matrix is: wood chip 100 parts, feces of livestock and poultry 15-25 part, perlite 8-15 part, lotus seed shell 12-20 part, limestone dust 3-8 part, extra large ore breeze 3-8 part; It is EM microbial inoculum that described matrix cultivates microorganism used therefor bacterial classification, and fermentation condition is compost fermentation, piles high 0.5-1 rice, down punch from top, every square metre hole count 10-15, cover plastic film, carry out aerobic fermentation, treat that heap temperature rise to 55 DEG C starts timing, fermentation 3-5 days, turning, wait to pile temperature rise to 50 DEG C, ferment 3-4 days again, and fermentation process completes, and moisture dries in the air naturally to 10%-25%.
Concrete, need after described substrate fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed to carry out grain size grading, point 0.1-0.5mm, 1.0-2.5mm, 2.5-5.0mm Three Estate, three kinds wait grade particles be respectively 1/3rd mix after in 4-6: 1 ratio mix with the equal amount of mixture of slag, gravel, obtain matrix medium.
Concrete, described soilless culture PE planting bag, with 0.1 millimeters thick, 70 centimetres wide white PE tubular plastic bags, be folded into bilayer, both sides are put on rope pocket and are risen, and are " U " shape planting bag in dark 20 centimetres of cross sections.
Concrete, described foliage-spray nutritious liquor is inorganic solution, and nutrient solution concentration is no more than 0.2%, and pH value is at 5.5-6.5.
The present invention realizes supporting from earth culture of greengrocery by booth reconstruction, matrix cultivation, soilless culture, and the present invention has following technical advantage:
(1), be convenient to management, labour intensity is low, and land utilization rate is high: be unified into as producing great Qu by booth reconstruction by single production community booth, be convenient to intensive unified management, realize the kind of vegetables, adopt, collect in carry out, be convenient to do mechanization operation, factory management; Reduce the labour intensity of workman, improve land utilization rate.
(2), cost is low, operation is simple, organic abundant: wood chip, feces of livestock and poultry, perlite, lotus seed shell, limestone dust, extra large ore breeze are added microbial bacterial agent after mixing by the present invention, Traditional compost fermentation technique is adopted to ferment, operating process is simple, fermentation time is short, can realize the fermentation of effectively becoming thoroughly decomposed of matrix, does not cause phenomenons such as burning seedling.Adopt multiple organic matter mixing, more balance fully than the single feces of livestock and poultry content of organic matter, and fermentation process free from extraneous odour, the nutritional need in the vegetables whole production cycle can be ensured.Matrix material ingredients of the present invention is simple, cheap, and matrix cost of the present invention is reduced greatly, and then reduces growing vegetables cost, improves peasant economy benefit.
(3) good permeability, plant root is flourishing: matrix is dried laggard row manual grading skill in preparation process of the present invention, as required different-grain diameter matrix is mixed, ensure that matrix pores rate is more than 55%, increase the breathing of root system of plant, prevent from burning root, rotten, promote that vegetable plant strain root system increases.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described; it is to be noted that present embodiment is only the indicative explaination that the mode that exemplifies is done the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited in this, and all those skilled in the art all fall into protection scope of the present invention with the replacement of spirit of the present invention to the equivalence that the present invention does.
Embodiment 1
Booth vegetable from soil cultivation, comprise booth reconstruction, matrix cultivate, soilless culture step; In booth reconstruction, monomer green house of vegetables is reconstructed into disjunctor green house of vegetables, community associated for single production becoming is produced great Qu, improves production area area, be convenient to the intensive factory management produced.Booth reconstruction culture matrix simultaneously, select wood chip, feces of livestock and poultry, perlite, lotus seed shell, limestone dust, extra large ore breeze mixes and add EM microbial inoculum, addition adds by the 0.1%-0.2% being fermented matrix weight, and fermentation is naturally dried after becoming thoroughly decomposed; Then sieve and matrix of becoming thoroughly decomposed carried out grain size grading, after the matrix of the different-grain diameter scope met the demands is mixed in proportion matrix medium.Select PE film by booth covered ground from native cultivation, load matrix medium with PE film planting bag, spray water in planting process, keep matrix relative moisture 15%, need foliage-spray nutritious liquor according to vegetable nutrient.
Embodiment 2
Booth vegetable from soil cultivation, comprise booth reconstruction, matrix cultivate, soilless culture step; In booth reconstruction, monomer green house of vegetables is reconstructed into disjunctor green house of vegetables, community associated the becoming of original single production produces great Qu, improves production area area, is convenient to the intensive factory management produced.Booth reconstruction culture matrix simultaneously, wood chip 100 parts, feces of livestock and poultry 15 parts, perlite 8 parts, lotus seed shell 12 parts, limestone dust 3 parts, extra large ore breeze 3 parts is selected to mix and add EM microbial inoculum, addition adds by the 0.1%-0.2% of institute's fermentation substrate weight, adopt compost fermentation, pile high 0.5 meter, down punch from top, every square metre of hole count 10, covers plastic film, carry out aerobic fermentation, treat that heap temperature rise to 55 DEG C starts timing, ferment 3 days, turning, wait to pile temperature rise to 50 DEG C, ferment 3 days, fermentation process completes again, and moisture dries in the air naturally to 10%.Then sieve and matrix of becoming thoroughly decomposed carried out grain size grading, point 0.1-0.5mm, 1.0-2.5mm, 2.5-5.0mm Three Estate, three kinds wait grade particles be respectively 1/3rd mix after, obtain matrix medium.Select PE film by booth covered ground from native cultivation, load matrix medium with PE film planting bag, spray water in planting process, keep matrix relative moisture 15%, need foliage-spray nutritious liquor according to vegetable nutrient.
Embodiment 3
Booth vegetable from soil cultivation, comprise booth reconstruction, matrix cultivate, soilless culture step; In booth reconstruction, monomer green house of vegetables is reconstructed into disjunctor green house of vegetables, community associated the becoming of original single production produces great Qu, improves production area area, is convenient to the intensive factory management produced.Booth reconstruction culture matrix simultaneously, wood chip 100 parts, feces of livestock and poultry 25 parts, perlite 15 parts, lotus seed shell 20 parts, limestone dust 8 parts, extra large ore breeze 8 parts is selected to mix and add EM microbial inoculum, addition adds by the 0.1%-0.2% of institute's fermentation substrate weight, adopt compost fermentation, pile high 0.7 meter, down punch from top, every square metre of hole count 12, covers plastic film, carry out aerobic fermentation, treat that heap temperature rise to 55 DEG C starts timing, ferment 4 days, turning, wait to pile temperature rise to 50 DEG C, ferment 4 days, fermentation process completes again, and moisture dries in the air naturally to 15%.Then sieve and matrix of becoming thoroughly decomposed carried out grain size grading, point 0.1-0.5mm, 1.0-2.5mm, 2.5-5.0mm Three Estate, three kinds are waited grade particles to be respectively 1/3rd to mix, obtain matrix medium.Select PE film by booth covered ground from native cultivation, load matrix medium with PE film planting bag, PE planting bag used is 0.1 millimeters thick, 70 centimetres wide white PE tubular plastic bags, is folded into bilayer, both sides are put on rope pocket and are risen, and are " U " shape planting bag in dark 20 centimetres of cross sections.Spray water in planting process, keep matrix relative moisture 15%, need foliage-spray nutritious liquor according to vegetable nutrient, nutrient solution concentration is no more than 0.2%, and pH value is 5.5.
Embodiment 4
Booth vegetable from soil cultivation, comprise booth reconstruction, matrix cultivate, soilless culture step; In booth reconstruction, monomer green house of vegetables is reconstructed into disjunctor green house of vegetables, community associated the becoming of original single production produces great Qu, improves production area area, is convenient to the intensive factory management produced.Booth reconstruction culture matrix simultaneously, wood chip 100 parts, feces of livestock and poultry 20 parts, perlite 10 parts, lotus seed shell 15 parts, limestone dust 7 parts, extra large ore breeze 5 parts is selected to mix and add EM microbial inoculum, addition adds by the 0.1%-0.2% of institute's fermentation substrate weight, adopt compost fermentation, pile high 0.7 meter, down punch from top, every square metre of hole count 12, covers plastic film, carry out aerobic fermentation, treat that heap temperature rise to 55 DEG C starts timing, ferment 5 days, turning, wait to pile temperature rise to 50 DEG C, ferment 3 days, fermentation process completes again, and moisture dries in the air naturally to 25%.Then sieve and matrix of becoming thoroughly decomposed carried out grain size grading, point 0.1-0.5mm, 1.0-2.5mm, 2.5-5.0mm Three Estate, three kinds are waited grade particles to be respectively 1/3rd to mix, obtain matrix medium.Select PE film by booth covered ground from native cultivation, load matrix medium with PE film planting bag, PE planting bag used is 0.1 millimeters thick, 70 centimetres wide white PE tubular plastic bags, is folded into bilayer, both sides are put on rope pocket and are risen, and are " U " shape planting bag in dark 20 centimetres of cross sections.Spray water in planting process, keep matrix relative moisture 15%, need foliage-spray nutritious liquor according to vegetable nutrient, nutrient solution concentration is no more than 0.2%, and pH value is 6.5.

Claims (5)

1. booth vegetable from soil cultivation, it is characterized in that, comprise booth reconstruction, matrix cultivate, soilless culture step; Described booth reconstruction is that monomer green house of vegetables is reconstructed into disjunctor green house of vegetables, and community associated for single production becoming is produced great Qu; Described matrix is cultivated and is selected wood chip, feces of livestock and poultry, perlite, lotus seed shell, limestone dust, extra large ore breeze mixes and adds microorganism fungus kind, fermentation maturity, and sieve, grain size grading obtains matrix medium; Described soilless culture process selects PE film by booth covered ground, with the cultivation of PE film planting bag, sprays water in planting process, keeps matrix relative moisture 15-30%, foliage-spray nutritious liquor.
2. a kind of booth vegetable as claimed in claim 1 from soil cultivation, it is characterized in that, the weight portion of each composition of described matrix is: wood chip 100 parts, feces of livestock and poultry 15-25 part, perlite 8-15 part, lotus seed shell 12-20 part, limestone dust 3-8 part, extra large ore breeze 3-8 part; It is EM microbial inoculum that described matrix cultivates microorganism used therefor bacterial classification, and fermentation condition is compost fermentation, piles high 0.5-1 rice, down punch from top, every square metre hole count 10-15, cover plastic film, carry out aerobic fermentation, treat that heap temperature rise to 55 DEG C starts timing, fermentation 3-5 days, turning, wait to pile temperature rise to 50 DEG C, ferment 3-4 days again, and fermentation process completes, and moisture dries in the air naturally to 10%-25%.
3. a kind of booth vegetable as claimed in claim 1 from soil cultivation, it is characterized in that, need after described substrate fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed to carry out grain size grading, divide 0.1-0.5mm, 1.0-2.5mm, 2.5-5.0mm Three Estate, three kinds are waited grade particles to be respectively 1/3rd to mix, obtain matrix medium.
4. a kind of booth vegetable as claimed in claim 1 from soil cultivation, it is characterized in that, described soilless culture PE planting bag, with 0.1 millimeters thick, 70 centimetres wide white PE tubular plastic bags, be folded into bilayer, both sides are put on rope pocket and are risen, and are " U " shape planting bag in dark 20 centimetres of cross sections.
5. a kind of booth vegetable as claimed in claim 1 from soil cultivation, it is characterized in that, described foliage-spray nutritious liquor is inorganic solution, and nutrient solution concentration is no more than 0.2%, and pH value is at 5.5-6.5.
CN201410686243.5A 2014-11-18 2014-11-18 Greenhouse vegetable soil-free cultivation technology Active CN104381109B (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106613822A (en) * 2016-11-03 2017-05-10 牛占峰 Planting method for organic fruit and vegetable
CN107484510A (en) * 2017-08-12 2017-12-19 佛山推启农业研究院(普通合伙) A kind of big top balsam pear implantation methods of selenium-rich Du Ruan
CN108811963A (en) * 2018-08-03 2018-11-16 东莞市济丰农业生态园开发有限公司 A kind of greenhouse gardening method of vegetables
CN109042225A (en) * 2018-09-28 2018-12-21 武汉华天园林艺术有限公司 The cheap production method of the non-earth greensward cultivation ground mass and its preparation cost of a kind of convenient transportation
CN110402806A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-11-05 武汉市农业科学院 A method of broccoli nursery is carried out using industrialized cultivation for needle mushroom bacteria residue

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
尚秀华等: "木屑基质化腐熟技术研究", 《安徽农业科学》 *
王明祖等: "无公害甜椒无土栽培生产技术规程", 《广东农业科学》 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106613822A (en) * 2016-11-03 2017-05-10 牛占峰 Planting method for organic fruit and vegetable
CN107484510A (en) * 2017-08-12 2017-12-19 佛山推启农业研究院(普通合伙) A kind of big top balsam pear implantation methods of selenium-rich Du Ruan
CN108811963A (en) * 2018-08-03 2018-11-16 东莞市济丰农业生态园开发有限公司 A kind of greenhouse gardening method of vegetables
CN109042225A (en) * 2018-09-28 2018-12-21 武汉华天园林艺术有限公司 The cheap production method of the non-earth greensward cultivation ground mass and its preparation cost of a kind of convenient transportation
CN110402806A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-11-05 武汉市农业科学院 A method of broccoli nursery is carried out using industrialized cultivation for needle mushroom bacteria residue

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