CN101480137B - Method for cultivating edible fungus using wormcast as earth covering material - Google Patents
Method for cultivating edible fungus using wormcast as earth covering material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101480137B CN101480137B CN2009100784681A CN200910078468A CN101480137B CN 101480137 B CN101480137 B CN 101480137B CN 2009100784681 A CN2009100784681 A CN 2009100784681A CN 200910078468 A CN200910078468 A CN 200910078468A CN 101480137 B CN101480137 B CN 101480137B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
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- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 244000251953 Agaricus brunnescens Species 0.000 claims description 32
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003203 everyday Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000283986 Lepus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000000218 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007842 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000222519 Agaricus bisporus Species 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003715 nutritional status Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009368 vermiculture Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating the edible fungus by taking worm-cast as soil-covering material, which belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation in the agricultural technology. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, the daily manure is selected and is fully digested and absorbed by earthworms to generate worm-cast as the soil-covering material, the worm-cast is evenly mixed with loam and soddy soil, the soil covering is performed when the filler absorption of the mycelium of the agaricus bisporus reaches 8 to 12 cm, water is prayed to keep the soil covering layer humid, finally, when the mycelium climbs to the surface of the soil covering layer, the ventilation is carried out, and the fruiting water is spouted to promote the formation of the anlage of the agaricus bisporus. The invention takes account of the granular structure, the air permeability and the microorganisms of the soil-covering material from the aspect of the water-retaining capacity of the soil-covering material as well as the cost of the soil-covering material, solves the problem that the soil-covering material of the current agaricus bisporus is inappropriate and promotes the positive development of the agaricus bisporus industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of wormcast, belong to the fungus growing technique field in the agrotechnique as the cover soil material culturing edible fungus.
Background technology
The cultivating bisporous mushroom of China generally uses loam as cover soil material, and the maximum water-holding capacity of loam only is 0.36kg water/kg loam; Domestic minority factory culture agaricus bisporus uses turfy soil as cover soil material, and its maximum water-holding capacity is 0.84kg water/kg turfy soil; The external employed peat bog mixture of factory culture agaricus bisporus is a cover soil material, and its maximum water-holding capacity is 2.31kg water/kg peat bog mixture.The cover soil material of agaricus bisporus be related to agaricus bisporus can high-quality one of the key of cultivation, whether the water binding capacity that comes from cover soil material can guarantee growing of agaricus bisporus mycelia and grow carrying out smoothly of transforming to reproductive growth, this is just to the water binding capacity of cover soil material, and the granular structure of relative cover soil material, nutritional status and the value volume and range of product that is beneficial to microorganism species in the cover soil material that the agaricus bisporus mycelia grows have very high requirement.The wormcast that utilizes the cow dung breeding earthworm to produce, its maximum water-holding capacity is 2.2～24kg water/kg wormcast, in production practices in the past, wormcast is just as single fertilizer field also, the productive value of failing it is had is carried out further development and application, the industrial chain of cow dung breeding earthworm fails further to improve and exploitation, and the economic benefit that increases the vermiculture industry also has much room for improvement.
The cover soil material that China's cultivation of agaricus bisporus is used mainly is a loam, is turfy soil on a small quantity.
Loam is as cover soil material, though there is material to be easy to get, advantage with low cost, but for the cultivation of agaricus bisporus, but have water-holding capacity low, granular structure is too tight, gas permeability is poor, and the low unfavorable factor of agaricus bisporus growth desired microorganisms flora quantity, cause the mycelia of agaricus bisporus better not grow, the situation that the yield and quality of agaricus bisporus is all not enough to some extent.
Turfy soil is as cover soil material, though water binding capacity is better than loam, water-holding capacity is still on the low side, and the yield and quality of agaricus bisporus neither be best.And turfy soil also obviously has been subjected to the restriction of the place of production and quantity as a kind of fossil resource, and resource-constrained need increase the cost of buying and transporting as cover soil material, has reduced the agaricus bisporus industrial benefit.
In view of this, select to be suitable for the new cover soil material of China's cultivation of agaricus bisporus, become the key content that current solution agaricus bisporus is produced.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the method for a kind of wormcast as the cultivating bisporous mushroom of cover soil material.
Described wormcast is as the method for the cultivating bisporous mushroom of cover soil material, at first select wormcast that cow dung produces after earthworm fully digests and absorbs as cover soil material and loam, turfy soil mixing, when mycelia " material feeding " earthing during to 8～12cm degree of depth, and water spray keeps overburden layer moistening, when treating that at last mycelia is climbed up the overburden layer surface, ventilation, spray fruiting water, form the mushroom original hase, concrete steps comprise:
1) prepare wormcast: the wormcast of selecting cow dung after earthworm fully digests and absorbs, to produce, as cover soil material;
2) wormcast and loam or turfy soil mixing: when wormcast mixed with loam, wormcast accounted for 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 32% or 34% of the two gross weight; When wormcast mixed with turfy soil, wormcast accounted for 17%, 18%, 20%, 21%, 22% or 23% of the two gross weight;
3) mixed seeding sowing behind the cultivation of agaricus bisporus bedstead upper berth excrement grass fermented and cultured material, after planting 15～20 days, when mycelia " material feeding " earthing during to 8～12cm degree of depth;
4) water transfer behind the earthing is sprayed 1 or 2 every day, and regulating soil moisture content is 25～30%, keeps overburden layer moistening, and room temperature is 22 ± 2 ℃, and relative air humidity is 80～90%;
When 5) mycelia was climbed up the overburden layer surface, the control room temperature was 13～16 ℃, and relative air humidity is 85～90%, and water management is carried out in ventilation;
6) spray fruiting water, generally long during to the soya bean size when original hase, every day, spray was protected mushroom water 1～2 time, gathered during fruit body diameter length to 3～5cm.
Described agaricus bisporus mycelia is commercial or self-control.
The thickness of described fermented and cultured material is 15～18cm.
Described earthing is disposable earthing, and thickness of earth covering is 3.5～4cm.
Advantage of the present invention is 1) considered the problems such as granular structure, gas permeability and microorganism species of cover soil material; 2) taken into account the cost problem of cover soil material simultaneously.
Embodiment
In order further to understand technical scheme of the present invention, describe in conjunction with following specific embodiment.
Example 1
China Agricultural University edible mushroom research department has carried out the test of wormcast soil covering culture agaricus bisporus autumn in 2007, and concrete steps comprise:
1) prepare wormcast: the wormcast of selecting cow dung after earthworm fully digests and absorbs, to produce, as cover soil material;
2) wormcast and loam or turfy soil mixing: after mixing, wormcast accounts for 30% or 20% of gross weight respectively;
3) cultivation of agaricus bisporus bedstead upper berth excrement grass fermented and cultured material (after thickness is 15～18cm), the mixed seeding inoculation;
4) after planting 20 days, when agaricus bisporus mycelia (buying or own laboratory cultures) " material feeding " from Chinese agriculture microorganism fungus kind preservation administrative center to about 2/3 degree of depth (just can earthing 8～12cm) time, if charge level is dry, spray water make charge level moistening after earthing;
5) adopt disposable earthing, thickness of earth covering is 3.5～4 centimetres, and earthing is wanted evenly, the thickness unanimity.Diligent spray will be gently sprayed in water transfer behind the earthing, sprays (1 water of wet weather spray, 2 water of dry weather spray) 1～2 time every day according to weather condition, and regulating soil moisture content is 25～30%.Strengthen water management, keep overburden layer moistening, room temperature is at 22 ± 2 ℃, and relative air humidity is 80～90%;
When 6) mycelia was climbed up the overburden layer surface, the control room temperature was 13～16 ℃, and relative air humidity is 85～90%, and water management is carried out in ventilation;
7) spray fruiting water, generally long during to the soya bean size when original hase, spray Bao Gushui sprays 1～2 time according to weather condition every day, gathers during fruit body diameter length to 3～5cm.
Conventional cultivation (not adding wormcast) yield per unit area is 7.5kg/m
2, be 9.0kg/m with the yield per unit area of wormcast soil covering culture
2Amount of increase in production is compared with the conventional cultivation contrast, reaches 20%.Conventional cultivation complete period water spray number of times is 62 times, is 45 times with wormcast soil covering culture complete period water spray number of times, and the water spray number of times of minimizing is 17 times.
Example 2
Wormcast and loam or turfy soil mixing: after mixing, wormcast accounts for 34% or 23% of gross weight respectively; Other implementation method steps are with example 1.
China Agricultural University edible mushroom research department has carried out the test of wormcast soil covering culture agaricus bisporus spring in 2008, and conventional cultivation (not adding wormcast) yield per unit area is 7.7kg/m
2, be 9.9kg/m with the yield per unit area of wormcast soil covering culture
2, amount of increase in production is compared with the conventional cultivation contrast, reaches 29%.Conventional cultivation complete period water spray number of times is 68 times, is 46 times with wormcast soil covering culture complete period water spray number of times, and the water spray number of times of minimizing is 22 times.
Example 3
Behind wormcast and loam or the turfy soil mixing, wormcast accounts for 26% or 17% of gross weight respectively; Other implementation method steps are with example 1.
China Agricultural University edible mushroom research department has carried out the test of wormcast soil covering culture agaricus bisporus autumn in 2008, and conventional cultivation (not adding wormcast) yield per unit area is 8.0kg/m
2, be 9.9kg/m with the yield per unit area of wormcast soil covering culture
2, amount of increase in production is compared with the conventional cultivation contrast, reaches 24%.Conventional cultivation complete period water spray number of times is 60 times, is 43 times with wormcast soil covering culture complete period water spray number of times, and the water spray number of times of minimizing is 17 times.
Example 4
Behind wormcast and loam or the turfy soil mixing, wormcast accounts for 28% or 18% of gross weight respectively; Other implementation method steps are with example 1.
Dong Xiaoying village, Shang Zhuan town, Haidian District, Beijing City has carried out the test of wormcast soil covering culture agaricus bisporus autumn in 2007, and conventional cultivation (not adding wormcast) yield per unit area is 8.2kg/m
2, be 10.2kg/m with the yield per unit area of wormcast soil covering culture
2, amount of increase in production is compared with the conventional cultivation contrast, reaches 24%.Conventional cultivation complete period water spray number of times is 70 times, is 50 times with wormcast soil covering culture complete period water spray number of times, and having reduced the water spray number of times is 20 times.
Example 5
Behind wormcast and loam or the turfy soil mixing, wormcast accounts for 32% or 22% of gross weight respectively; Other implementation method steps are with example 1.
Dong Xiaoying village, Shang Zhuan town, Haidian District, Beijing City has carried out the test of wormcast soil covering culture agaricus bisporus spring in 2008, and conventional cultivation (not adding wormcast) yield per unit area is 7.8kg/m
2, be 9.7kg/m with the yield per unit area of wormcast soil covering culture
2, amount of increase in production is compared with the conventional cultivation contrast, reaches 24%.Conventional cultivation complete period water spray number of times is 65 times, is 44 times with wormcast soil covering culture complete period water spray number of times, and having reduced the water spray number of times is 21 times.
Example 6
Behind wormcast and loam or the turfy soil mixing, wormcast accounts for 30% or 20% of gross weight respectively; Other implementation method steps are with example 1.
Dong Xiaoying village, Shang Zhuan town, Haidian District, Beijing City has carried out the test of wormcast soil covering culture agaricus bisporus autumn in 2008, and conventional cultivation (not adding wormcast) yield per unit area is 8.5kg/m
2, be 10.6kg/m with the yield per unit area of wormcast soil covering culture
2, amount of increase in production is compared with the conventional cultivation contrast, reaches 25%.Conventional cultivation complete period water spray number of times is 64 times, is 47 times with wormcast soil covering culture complete period water spray number of times, and having reduced the water spray number of times is 17 times.
Example 7
Behind wormcast and loam or the turfy soil mixing, wormcast accounts for 29% or 22% of gross weight respectively; Other implementation method steps are with example 1.
Qian Ying village, Tai Hu town, Tongzhou District, Beijing City has carried out the test of wormcast soil covering culture agaricus bisporus spring in 2007, and conventional cultivation (not adding wormcast) yield per unit area is 7.8kg/m
2, be 9.4kg/m with the yield per unit area of wormcast soil covering culture
2, amount of increase in production is compared with the conventional cultivation contrast, reaches 21%.Conventional cultivation complete period water spray number of times is 63 times, is 48 times with wormcast soil covering culture complete period water spray number of times, and the water spray number of times of minimizing is 15 times.
Example 8
Behind wormcast and loam or the turfy soil mixing, wormcast accounts for 27% or 21% of gross weight respectively; Other implementation method steps are with example 1.
Qian Ying village, Tai Hu town, Tongzhou District, Beijing City has carried out the test of wormcast soil covering culture agaricus bisporus autumn in 2007, and conventional cultivation (not adding wormcast) yield per unit area is 8.2kg/m
2, be 9.9kg/m with the yield per unit area of wormcast soil covering culture
2, amount of increase in production is compared with the conventional cultivation contrast, reaches 21%.Conventional cultivation complete period water spray number of times is 66 times, is 49 times with wormcast soil covering culture complete period water spray number of times, and having reduced the water spray number of times is 17 times.
Example 9
Behind wormcast and loam or the turfy soil mixing, wormcast accounts for 30% or 208% of gross weight respectively; Other implementation method steps are with example 1.
Qian Ying village, Tai Hu town, Tongzhou District, Beijing City has carried out the test of wormcast soil covering culture agaricus bisporus spring in 2008, and conventional cultivation (not adding wormcast) yield per unit area is 7.2kg/m
2, be 8.9kg/m with the yield per unit area of wormcast soil covering culture
2, amount of increase in production is compared with the conventional cultivation contrast, reaches 24%.Conventional cultivation complete period water spray number of times is 67 times, is 47 times with wormcast soil covering culture complete period water spray number of times, and having reduced the water spray number of times is 20 times.
Example 10
Behind wormcast and loam or the turfy soil mixing, wormcast accounts for 29% or 21% of gross weight respectively; Other implementation method steps are with example 1.
Qian Ying village, Tai Hu town, Tongzhou District, Beijing City has carried out the test of wormcast soil covering culture agaricus bisporus autumn in 2008, and conventional cultivation (not adding wormcast) yield per unit area is 8.2kg/m
2, be 10.3kg/m with the yield per unit area of wormcast soil covering culture
2, amount of increase in production is compared with the conventional cultivation contrast, reaches 26%.Conventional cultivation complete period water spray number of times is 70 times, is 51 times with wormcast soil covering culture complete period water spray number of times, and having reduced the water spray number of times is 19 times.
Claims (4)
1. a wormcast is as the method for cover soil material culturing edible fungus, at first select wormcast that cow dung produces after earthworm fully digests and absorbs as cover soil material and loam or turfy soil mixing, earthing when agaricus bisporus mycelia " material feeding " 8～12cm, and water spray keeps overburden layer moistening, when treating that at last mycelia is climbed up the overburden layer surface, ventilation, spray fruiting water, impel the mushroom original hase to form, concrete steps comprise:
1) prepare wormcast: the wormcast of selecting cow dung after earthworm fully digests and absorbs, to produce, as cover soil material;
2) wormcast and loam or turfy soil mixing: when wormcast mixed with loam, wormcast accounted for 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 32% or 34% of the two gross weight; When wormcast mixed with turfy soil, wormcast accounted for 17%, 18%, 20%, 21%, 22% or 23% of the two gross weight;
3) mixed seeding sowing behind the cultivation of agaricus bisporus bedstead upper berth excrement grass fermented and cultured material, after planting 15～20 days, when mycelia " material feeding " earthing during to 8～12cm degree of depth;
4) water transfer behind the earthing is sprayed 1～2 every day, and regulating soil moisture content is 25～30%, keeps overburden layer moistening, and room temperature is 22 ± 2 ℃, and relative air humidity is 80～90%;
When 5) mycelia was climbed up the overburden layer surface, the control room temperature was 13～16 ℃, and relative air humidity is 85～90%, and water management is carried out in ventilation;
6) spray fruiting water, generally long during to the soya bean size when original hase, every day, spray was protected mushroom water 1～2 time, gathered during fruit body diameter length to 3～5cm.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described agaricus bisporus mycelia is commercial or self-control.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the thickness of described fermented and cultured material is 15～18cm.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described earthing is disposable earthing, and thickness of earth covering is 3.5～4cm.
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| CN2009100784681A CN101480137B (en) | 2009-02-23 | 2009-02-23 | Method for cultivating edible fungus using wormcast as earth covering material |
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| CN2009100784681A CN101480137B (en) | 2009-02-23 | 2009-02-23 | Method for cultivating edible fungus using wormcast as earth covering material |
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| CN101480137B true CN101480137B (en) | 2011-01-05 |
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| CN102408279B (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2013-09-04 | 长兴清华粉体及新材料工程中心有限公司 | Efficient green micro-crystallized mineral-biological compound fertilizer and production method thereof |
| ZA201008305B (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-08-29 | Univ Pretoria | Method for preparing casing material |
| CN104823720A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-08-12 | 江苏丘陵地区南京农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method of agaricus bisporus |
| CN105993586A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Mulching material for cultivating agaricus bisporus, preparation method for mulching material and application of mulching material |
| CN106518346A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-22 | 吴迪 | Preparation method of agaricus bisporus casing soil material |
| CN106588270A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-04-26 | 常州思宇知识产权运营有限公司 | Preparation method of high-air permeability agaricus bisporus soil-covering material |
| CN107094502A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-08-29 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Dictyophora phalloidea and medicinal earthworm recycle the construction method of the ecosystem under rubber forest |
| CN108739061B (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2020-12-25 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Covering material for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests of grass rotting edible fungi and preparation and application thereof |
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| CN1182529A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1998-05-27 | 高德典 | Edible fungus and method of preparation and cultivation thereof |
| CN1246273A (en) * | 1999-07-13 | 2000-03-08 | 刘永昶 | Method for cultivating bisporous mushroom in north protected field |
| CN101239850A (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2008-08-13 | 上海市农业技术推广服务中心 | Method for preparing agaricus bisporus soil covering material fermentation soil |
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| CN101480137A (en) | 2009-07-15 |
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