CN111527985A - Basket-type soil-shifting morchella cultivation method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/64—Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
- A01G18/66—Cultivation bags
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Abstract
The invention provides a basket-type soil-shifting morchella cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a culture medium, namely putting the culture medium in a culture basket; (2) indoor culture of hyphae; (3) transferring the cultivation basket to a greenhouse; (4) fruiting management; (5) and removing and disinfecting the soil after harvesting the sporocarps. The hypha culture and fruiting management are respectively implemented in a hypha culture room and a fruiting greenhouse, and after mushroom picking is finished, soil in the greenhouse is removed and soil disinfection is carried out. Compared with the traditional greenhouse cultivation of the morchella, the indoor cultivation of the hyphae is more beneficial to the growth of the morchella, the growth speed of the hyphae is higher, and the growth period of the morchella is greatly shortened; meanwhile, after mushroom picking is finished, the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of the morchella is solved by removing soil in the greenhouse and sterilizing the greenhouse.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of morel cultivation, and particularly relates to a basket-type soil-shifting cultivation method for morel.
Background
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, syn. meth fang,
2:618(1801)]belonging to the Kingdom Fungi (Kingdom Fungi), Ascomycota (Ascomycota), Pyrenophora (Pyrenomycetes), Pezizales (Pezizales), Anacardiaceae (Morchellaceae), Morchella (Morchella). At present, 20 morchella strains are reported all over the world, 18 morchella strains are found in China, and six sister morchella strains, seven sister morchella strains and the like can be artificially cultured.
Morchella esculenta is a treasure edible and medicinal large fungus with high requirements on growth environment, and the current large-scale production modes mainly comprise greenhouse cultivation and under-forest cultivation, and different cultivation modes are selected according to different climates in various regions. However, in any cultivation mode, the climate has great limitation on the cultivation, especially in northern areas with cold flow in cold spring in winter, and great manpower and material resources are required to be invested for normal growth of morchella.
Morchella esculenta is a soil saprophytic bacterium, continuous cropping obstacles often appear in production, yield reduction often appears in the second year, and the morchella esculenta can be harvested in the third year. Continuous cropping obstacles are a common problem in crop production, and are mainly caused by accumulation of harmful substances in soil, deterioration of physicochemical properties of soil and imbalance of soil temperature microbial flora, a forming mechanism is complex, and no better solution exists at present, so that the solution of continuous cropping obstacles in production of morchella is one of the key problems in production of morchella at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a basket-type soil-shifting morchella cultivation method, which solves the problems of long cultivation period, high cost and continuous cropping obstacle at present.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a basket-type soil-shifting morchella cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture medium, and putting the culture medium in a culture basket;
(2) indoor culture of hyphae:
2.1, selecting morchella esculenta cultivars, breaking the morchella esculenta cultivars into fungus blocks, mixing the materials until the water content of the strains is 60-69%, uniformly scattering the strains on the surface of a culture medium in a culture basket, covering the culture medium with the culture medium, and spraying and humidifying the culture medium to ensure that the humidity of the culture medium reaches 20-25%;
2.2, placing a nutrition bag on the surface of each cultivation basket, and then placing the cultivation baskets in a hypha cultivation room with the temperature of 16-18 ℃ and the air humidity of 70% -80% for cultivation;
(3) transferring the cultivation basket to a greenhouse:
3.1, digging a plurality of pits in the greenhouse after leveling and trimming the land in the greenhouse;
3.2, after the hyphae in the cultivation basket completely grow, horizontally placing the cultivation basket in the pit, covering soil on the periphery of the cultivation basket to completely bury the cultivation basket in the soil, and thoroughly watering the cultivation basket and the soil on the periphery of the cultivation basket;
(4) and (3) fruiting management: controlling the air temperature, soil temperature and soil humidity of the greenhouse;
(5) removing and disinfecting the soil after harvesting the sporocarps:
and after the harvest of the morchella sporocarp is finished, the cultivation basket is moved out of the greenhouse, the soil around the cultivation basket is removed from the greenhouse, and then the soil is disinfected.
Further, the step (1) comprises the following steps:
1.1, mixing humus soil and deep ploughing soil uniformly, adding quicklime for disinfection, adjusting the pH to 6.5-7.5, watering thoroughly, covering with a film, and airing for 3-5 days to obtain a culture medium; the weight ratio of the humus soil to the deep ploughing soil is 1: 1;
1.2, putting the culture substrate into a cultivation basket with hollowed-out periphery.
Furthermore, the cultivation basket is a plastic basket with hollow peripheries, and the length, the width and the height are respectively 40cm, 40cm and 25 cm.
Further, in the step (2), the thickness of the covered culture substrate is 1-3 cm.
Further, in the step (2), the seeding amount of the fungus block is 0.3-0.6 kg/m based on the area of the culture medium2。
Further, in the step (2), 2 bags of nutrient bags are placed on the surface of each cultivation basket, and the components of each nutrient bag comprise 30% of deep ploughing soil, 30% of humus soil and 40% of wheat grains.
Further, in the step (2), a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.3 percent is used for stirring.
Further, in the step (3), the length, width and depth of the pits are 45cm, 45cm and 30cm respectively, and the distance between each pit is at least 10 cm.
Further, in the step (4), the air temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 4-18 ℃, the soil temperature is controlled to be 6-15 ℃, the soil humidity is controlled to be 20-25%, and ventilation and light scattering irradiation are performed according to the weather condition every day.
Further, in the step (5), the greenhouse is removed together with the soil around 10cm of the cultivation basket and around 10cm of the basket bottom, and then 0.05kg of quicklime is applied to each square meter of land to sterilize the soil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention discloses a basket-type soil-shifting cultivation method for morchella esculenta, which adopts basket-type soil-shifting cultivation, a cultivation substrate is arranged in a cultivation basket, the transplanting is convenient, the soil shifting amount is greatly reduced, the technical barrier of the existing morchella esculenta cultivation continuous cropping obstacle is effectively avoided, the operation difficulty of integral soil shifting of a greenhouse is high, the removal cost is high, the technology which is difficult to bear by general cultivators is easy to operate, and the operation cost is greatly reduced. The invention breaks through the inherent thinking, skillfully solves the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of the morchella esculenta and shortens the cultivation period of the morchella esculenta. Meanwhile, indoor hypha culture is adopted, the hypha growth speed is high, the nutrition accumulation is good, the culture time is not limited by external climatic conditions, the extreme climate during the cultivation period of the morchella can be effectively avoided, the cultivation period is shortened, the resources which are input due to the extreme climate are greatly reduced, and the production risk is reduced.
Furthermore, by applying humus soil and local deep ploughing soil, the organic matter content of soil is improved, the nutrient accumulation during the cultivation period of the morchella mycelium is facilitated, the application of the technology is not limited by regions, and the technology is more widely popularized.
Furthermore, the hollow plastic basket ensures the operability of soil transfer, does not influence the supply of nutrients and water necessary for the growth of the morchella, and ensures the stable and high yield of the morchella.
Further, the components of the nutrition bag comprise 30% of deep ploughing soil, 30% of humus soil and 40% of wheat grains. The preparation materials are conventional and easy to obtain, the price is low, the better growth of hyphae can be ensured, rich nutrition is accumulated for the stable yield and the high yield of the morchella, and the production cost can be effectively reduced.
Furthermore, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is used for stirring the materials, so that the moisture and nutrition of the hyphae in the initial germination stage can be ensured, and the quick germination and nutrition accumulation of the hyphae are facilitated.
Further, the soil around the basket is removed by about 10cm, so that the affected soil can be removed, a large amount of removal work cannot be caused, the burden of a grower is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
Example 1 basket-type soil-shifting cultivation of Morchella esculenta in wintering period
Start time: 10 months in 2018
A place: shanxi province Shanluo city Oak Water county
Selecting a cultivation basket: a plastic basket with a length, a width and a height of 40cm, 40cm and 25cm and hollowed-out periphery is selected as the cultivation basket.
Preparing a culture medium: in the 10 th month in 2018, humus soil and deep ploughing soil taken from a tussah water greenhouse are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, uniformly mixing, adding 6 per mill of quicklime for disinfection, adjusting the pH to 7.2, watering thoroughly, and covering and airing for 3 days by using a plastic film; the mixed soil after mixing, disinfection and airing is used as a culture medium, and the culture medium is filled to 4/5 parts of the height of the culture basket.
Sowing and hypha culturing: selecting high-quality six-sister morchella as a cultivation strain, and breaking the morchella into 1-3 cm3Mixing with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution until the water content of the strain is 65%, and uniformly spreading on the surface of culture medium of culture basket with seeding rate of 0.4kg/m2Then, the broadcast strain is covered by a culture medium, the thickness is about 2cm and is not more than 3cm, and the spray humidification is carried out, so that the humidity of the culture medium reaches 25%.
2 bags of nutrition bags are placed on the surface of each cultivation basket, the weight of each nutrition bag is 1Kg, and the nutrition bags comprise 30% of deep ploughing soil, 30% of humus soil and 40% of wheat grains. And after the seeding and earthing are finished, placing the cultivation basket in a hypha cultivation room with the temperature of 16-18 ℃ and the air humidity of 70% -80% for cultivation for 36 days until hypha completely grow, and transplanting when the primordium appears. The primordia is the morphology of morchella sporocarp before differentiation, and is a signal for the conversion of morchella from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, so that when the primordia is observed, it is indicated that the accumulation of nutrients has been completed.
Transplanting the cultivation basket to a greenhouse: in 11-month middle ten days in 2018, leveling the land in a newly-built greenhouse without culturing morchella and building a side. When the cultivation basket is determined to be 7 days before transplantation, the greenhouse soil is thoroughly irrigated, square pits with the length, the width and the depth of 45cm, 45cm and 30cm are dug on greenhouse sides after 3 days of airing, and the distance between every two pits is at least 10 cm; and (3) horizontally placing the cultivation basket with the fully grown hypha in the square pit, and covering soil around the basket to completely bury the basket in the soil. And (5) performing conventional management in the wintering period.
And (3) fruiting management: in 2019, a large amount of primordia are formed at the end of 2 months, management of the fruiting period is started, the air temperature of a greenhouse is controlled to be 4-18 ℃, the soil temperature is controlled to be 6-15 ℃, the soil humidity is controlled to be 20% -25%, and proper ventilation and light scattering irradiation are performed according to the weather conditions every day. And in 2019, at the beginning of 4 months, the growth of morchella sporocarp is completed and the morchella sporocarp is collected.
Removing the cultivation basket and disinfecting soil: after the harvest of the morchella sporocarp is finished, the cultivation basket is moved out of the greenhouse, soil around 10cm of the periphery of the cultivation basket and around 10cm of the bottom of the cultivation basket are removed from the greenhouse, and then 0.05kg of quicklime is applied to each square meter of soil to irrigate the water-permeable deep-ploughing soil, and the sunshade net is removed to disinfect the soil.
The production cycle of this example was 6 months, and the yield per mu was 270kg, as shown in Table 1.
Example 2 basket-type soil-shifting cultivation of Morchella esculenta in non-overwintering period
Start time: 1 month in 2019
A place: shanxi province Shanluo city Oak Water county
Selecting a cultivation basket: a plastic basket with a length, a width and a height of 40cm, 40cm and 25cm and hollowed-out periphery is selected as the cultivation basket.
Preparing a culture medium: in 2019, at the beginning of 1 month, humus soil and deep ploughing soil of an indoor oak water greenhouse are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, uniformly mixing, adding 6 per mill of quicklime for disinfection, adjusting the pH to 7.2, watering thoroughly, and covering and airing for 3 days by using a plastic film; the mixed soil after mixing, disinfection and airing is used as a culture medium, and the culture medium is filled to 4/5 parts of the height of the culture basket.
Sowing and hypha culturing: selecting high-quality six-sister morchella as a cultivation strain, and breaking the morchella into 1-3 cm3Mixing with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution until the water content of the strain is 65%, and uniformly spreading on the surface of culture medium of culture basket with seeding rate of 0.4kg/m2Then, the broadcast strain is covered by a culture medium, the thickness is about 2cm and is not more than 3cm, and the spray humidification is carried out, so that the humidity of the culture medium reaches 25%. 2 bags of nutrition bags (the weight of the nutrition bag is 1Kg, and the nutrition bag comprises 30% of deep ploughing soil, 30% of humus soil and 40% of wheat grains) are placed on the surface of each cultivation basket. And after the seeding and earthing are finished, placing the cultivation basket in a hypha cultivation room with the temperature of 16-18 ℃ and the air humidity of 70-80% for cultivation for 38 days until hypha completely grow and are transplanted when a small amount of primordia appear.
Transplanting the cultivation basket to a greenhouse: in the last 2 months in 2019, leveling the land in a newly-built greenhouse without culturing morchella and building a side. When the cultivation basket is determined to be 7 days before transplantation, the greenhouse soil is thoroughly irrigated, square pits with the length, the width and the depth of 45cm, 45cm and 30cm are dug on greenhouse sides after 3 days of airing, and the distance between every two pits is at least 10 cm; and (3) horizontally placing the cultivation basket with the fully grown hypha in the square pit, and covering soil around the basket to completely bury the basket in the soil.
And (3) fruiting management: in 2019, a large amount of primordia are formed at the end of 2 months, management of the fruiting period is started, the air temperature of a greenhouse is controlled to be 4-18 ℃, the soil temperature is controlled to be 6-15 ℃, the soil humidity is controlled to be 20% -25%, and proper ventilation and light scattering irradiation are performed according to the weather conditions every day. In late 3 months in 2019, only in early 4 months, and the growth of morchella sporocarp is completed and collected.
Removing the cultivation basket and disinfecting soil: after the harvest of the morchella sporocarp is finished, the cultivation basket is moved out of the greenhouse, soil around 10cm of the periphery of the cultivation basket and around 10cm of the bottom of the cultivation basket are removed from the greenhouse, and then 0.05kg of quicklime is applied to each square meter of soil to irrigate the water-permeable deep-ploughing soil, and the sunshade net is removed to disinfect the soil.
The production cycle of this example was 3 months and the yield per mu was 276kg, as shown in Table 1.
Example 3 basket-type soil-shifting cultivation of Morchella esculenta in non-overwintering period
Time: 1 month-2020 to 4 months
A place: shanxi province Shanluo city Oak Water county
The morchella esculenta is continuously cultivated in the same greenhouse as the embodiment 2, and the management process is the same as the embodiment 2.
The production cycle of this example was 3 months and the yield per mu was 269kg, as shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1: new greenhouse toadstool farming method
Time: 11 months to 2019 months in 2018
A place: shanxi province Shanluo city Oak Water county
Leveling the land and building a side: quicklime is applied to 100 kg of soil per mu for watering thoroughly, the soil is aired until the soil is not sticky, then deep ploughing is carried out for 30cm, a flat building side is built, the side width is 1.5 m, a ditch with the width of 20cm is reserved in the middle of the ridge, the ditches on the two sides are about 40cm in width and 40cm in depth, and humus is spread on the surface of the ridge.
Seed dressing and sowing: crushing the morchella strain into 1-3 cm3Placing the granules in a clean big basin, adding 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution to make the water content of the strain reach 65%, and stirring uniformly for later use. Directly sowing the uniformly mixed strains on a bank, wherein the sowing amount per mu is about 170 kilograms, rotating the soil by a small-sized rotary cultivator for 15cm at the bank side, mixing the strains into the soil, placing a nutrition bag, and immediately covering a mulching film.
And (3) hypha growth period management: and after sowing, keeping the soil moist. And after 30 days, irrigating for 1-3 times according to the dryness and humidity of the soil, and performing in-ditch flood irrigation and furrow surface sprinkling irrigation. Ventilating for about 30 minutes every morning and evening. The sunshade net is used to avoid strong light and high temperature over 25 deg.c, and the temperature is preferably controlled below 20 deg.c.
Management in the wintering period: before the land is frozen, sufficient water is poured through a dropper, the mulching film covering condition is checked, a ventilation opening of the greenhouse is closed, anti-freezing measures are taken, the greenhouse is sealed and managed, excessive water loss is prevented, and repeated freezing and thawing is avoided.
Managing the fruiting period: and raising the highest temperature to 10-15 ℃, increasing the humidity of soil and space, covering a film, increasing the temperature in the greenhouse, and performing mushroom forcing management. During fruiting, attention is paid to soil and air humidity management, a sunshade net shades, the soil humidity is controlled to be 25% -30% of the field moisture capacity, and the air humidity near the ground is controlled to be 85% -90%. Irrigation of ditches is adopted for soil water supplement. Ventilating every day, wherein the ventilation time is about 30-60 minutes each time. Avoiding a single-side light source to make the fruit body grow in a light bending way.
Harvesting: when the fruiting body grows up, wrinkles develop and the color becomes light and a small amount of white spore powder appears on the surface, morchella esculenta should be harvested in time.
And (3) treating the harvested soil: 100 kilograms of quicklime is spread in each mu of land, the land is deeply turned over for 30cm, the land is watered thoroughly, and the sun-shading net is removed for insolation.
The production cycle of this example was 6 months and the yield per mu was 275kg, as shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2: greenhouse agricultural cultivation method for morchella
Time: 11 months in 2019 to 2020 and 4 months in
A place: shanxi province Shanluo city Oak Water county
The same greenhouse as the comparative example 1 was used for continuously cultivating Morchella esculenta, and the management process was the same as the comparative example 1.
As shown in Table 1, the production cycle of this example was 6 months, and the yield per mu was 69kg, indicating that the yield reduction was severe in the 2 nd year.
TABLE 1 Morchella mu yield and production period
Yield per mu: kg/mu, the morchella per mu is the fresh weight per mu; the production cycle is as follows: and (4) month.
At present, the conventional cultivation time of morchella esculenta in Shaanxi province is 10 months, namely the temperature is reduced to be below 20 ℃, because the morchella esculenta is low-temperature fungi, and when the temperature is higher than 20 ℃, hypha grows too fast, so that the hypha is fine, the nutrient accumulation is poor, and the output of the morchella esculenta is low, and the quality is poor. The cultivation in 1 month is selected according to the actual climate of the local Shanxi area and is not applicable to the Shanxi area nationwide, and the 1 month is mainly used for explaining that the cultivation period of the morchella esculenta can be effectively shortened and extreme weather can be avoided compared with the conventional autumn cultivation in the Shaanxi area at present, so that the production risk and the production cost are reduced. Other areas can adjust the cultivation time according to the local climate conditions.
The invention provides 3 examples and 2 comparison examples, wherein the examples 1 and 2 compare to show that the cultivation time is shorter, no yield reduction of the morchella is caused, and the examples 2 and 3 compare to show that continuous cropping obstacles are not formed by continuously cultivating the morchella in the same greenhouse, so that the problem of the continuous cropping obstacles is solved. Comparison between comparative example 1 and example 2 shows that the yield of the inventive example is comparable to that of the traditional Morchella farming method, but the production period is significantly shortened. Compared with the comparative examples 1 and 2, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle in the traditional morchella farming method is serious.
The results show that the yield is not greatly changed under the condition of obviously shortening the production period by adopting the morchella cultivation method provided by the invention; compared with the traditional greenhouse agricultural cultivation method, the cultivation period can be obviously shortened, continuous cropping obstacles can not be generated, and the yield of the continuously cultivated morchella is stable. Therefore, the invention is a production mode worth popularizing for solving the problem of stable yield in the current morchella continuous production
The continuous cropping obstacle problem is mainly caused by soil harmful substance accumulation, soil physical and chemical property deterioration and soil flora change, but the specific mechanism is not clear, the inherent thinking of technicians at present is to solve the continuous cropping obstacle problem by improving soil, but the technology is not mature at present, so the effective means for solving the problem at present is to remove the soil affected by crops, and basket-type soil moving solves the cost and difficulty of soil moving, has strong operability and breaks through the inherent thinking mode.
The invention adopts indoor culture, the temperature is controllable, so the cultivation season can be flexibly selected according to various situations, and meanwhile, the indoor temperature control can select the optimal growth temperature of the morchella mycelium, so the growth speed is high, and the nutrient accumulation is good. The basket-type soil transfer solves the problems of difficult soil transfer operation and high cost, and mainly solves the problem of continuous cropping obstacle caused by accumulation of soil flora and harmful substances.
Claims (10)
1. A basket-type soil-shifting morchella cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture medium, and putting the culture medium in a culture basket;
(2) indoor culture of hyphae:
2.1, selecting morchella esculenta cultivars, breaking the morchella esculenta cultivars into fungus blocks, mixing the materials until the water content of the strains is 60-69%, uniformly scattering the strains on the surface of a culture medium in a culture basket, covering the culture medium with the culture medium, and spraying and humidifying the culture medium to ensure that the humidity of the culture medium reaches 20-25%;
2.2, placing a nutrition bag on the surface of each cultivation basket, and then placing the cultivation baskets in a hypha cultivation room with the temperature of 16-18 ℃ and the air humidity of 70% -80% for cultivation;
(3) transferring the cultivation basket to a greenhouse:
3.1, digging a plurality of pits in the greenhouse after leveling and trimming the land in the greenhouse;
3.2, after the hyphae in the cultivation basket completely grow, horizontally placing the cultivation basket in the pit, covering soil on the periphery of the cultivation basket to completely bury the cultivation basket in the soil, and thoroughly watering the cultivation basket and the soil on the periphery of the cultivation basket;
(4) and (3) fruiting management: controlling the air temperature, soil temperature and soil humidity of the greenhouse;
(5) removing and disinfecting the soil after harvesting the sporocarps:
and after the harvest of the morchella sporocarp is finished, the cultivation basket is moved out of the greenhouse, the soil around the cultivation basket is removed from the greenhouse, and then the soil is disinfected.
2. The basket-type soil-shifting cultivation method of morchella according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) comprises the steps of:
1.1, mixing humus soil and deep ploughing soil uniformly, adding quicklime for disinfection, adjusting the pH to 6.5-7.5, watering thoroughly, covering with a film, and airing for 3-5 days to obtain a culture medium; the weight ratio of the humus soil to the deep ploughing soil is 1: 1;
1.2, putting the culture substrate into a cultivation basket with hollowed-out periphery.
3. The basket-type soil-shifting morchella cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation basket is a plastic basket with hollowed-out peripheries, and the length, the width and the height are 40cm, 40cm and 25cm respectively.
4. The basket-type soil-shifting morchella cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the thickness of the covered cultivation substrate is 1-3 cm.
5. According to claimThe basket-type soil-shifting morchella cultivation method is characterized in that in the step (2), the seeding rate of the mushroom blocks is 0.3-0.6 kg/m on the basis of the area of the cultivation substrate2。
6. The basket-type soil-shifting morchella cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), 2 bags of nutrient bags are placed on each surface of the cultivation basket, and the components of the nutrient bags comprise 30% of deep ploughing soil, 30% of humus soil and 40% of wheat grains.
7. The basket-type soil-shifting cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the material is stirred with a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution having a concentration of 0.3%.
8. The basket-type soil-shifting cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the length, width and depth of the pits are 45cm, 45cm and 30cm, respectively, and the distance between each pit is at least 10 cm.
9. The basket-type soil-shifting morchella cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the air temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 4-18 ℃, the soil temperature is controlled to be 6-15 ℃, the soil humidity is controlled to be 20-25%, and ventilation and light scattering irradiation are performed according to weather conditions every day.
10. The basket-type soil-shifting morchella cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), soil around 10cm of the periphery of the cultivation basket and around 10cm of the bottom of the basket is removed from the greenhouse, and then 0.05kg of quicklime is applied to each square meter of land to sterilize the soil.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112154858A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-01-01 | 中华全国供销合作总社昆明食用菌研究所 | Indoor annual cultivation method for morchella esculenta |
| CN113973643A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Method for cultivating morchella by burning soil |
| CN114874920A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-09 | 中华全国供销合作总社昆明食用菌研究所 | Morchella strain and cultivation method thereof |
| CN115039640A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-13 | 华能新能源股份有限公司河北分公司 | Morchella cultivation device and method of integrated photovoltaic greenhouse |
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| CN112154858A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-01-01 | 中华全国供销合作总社昆明食用菌研究所 | Indoor annual cultivation method for morchella esculenta |
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| CN115039640A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-13 | 华能新能源股份有限公司河北分公司 | Morchella cultivation device and method of integrated photovoltaic greenhouse |
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