CN108990701A - A kind of facility cultivation technique of hickory chick and rice crop rotation - Google Patents
A kind of facility cultivation technique of hickory chick and rice crop rotation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108990701A CN108990701A CN201810913555.3A CN201810913555A CN108990701A CN 108990701 A CN108990701 A CN 108990701A CN 201810913555 A CN201810913555 A CN 201810913555A CN 108990701 A CN108990701 A CN 108990701A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The invention discloses the facility cultivation techniques of a kind of hickory chick and rice crop rotation, belong to technical field of edible fungi cultivation, specifically include: building mushroom shed, ridge-up bed is built, sows, build Small plastic shed, extra-nutrition matrix, mycelia are managed and protected, urge mushroom, mushroom growing and harvesting and Rice Cropping and harvesting step；The present invention adds the facilityization cultivation of Small plastic shed that hickory chick is effectively avoided to grow using greenhouse to be influenced by external environment, fruiting is neat, and cultivating rate is stablized, and solves the problems such as its low output, period length, by solving continuous cropping obstacle with rice continuous cropping, thinking is provided for hickory chick industry sustainable development.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of edible fungi cultivation, in particular to the facilityization of a kind of hickory chick and rice crop rotation is cultivated
Technology.
Background technique
Hickory chick (Morchellaconica) is commonly called as sheep sparrow bacterium, maize bacterium, pockmarks bacterium, wolf tripe, belongs to Ascomycotina cup fungi
Guiding principle Pezizale Morchellaceae morchella is similar to sheep tripe and obtains since its cap is the reticulate body for being covered with recess and rib ridge
Name.Hickory chick meat is tender and crisp, and amino acid rich in, polysaccharide, fatty acid, nutritive value is higher, is universally acknowledged treasure
Your edible mushroom and medicinal fungus have become the treasure in feast in Ancient Times in China frequently as the nourishing tribute in palace, but sheep tripe
The artificial cultivation of bacterium is extremely difficult.Currently, also there was only Sichuan, the Yunnan crop field Deng Diyou pseudo-wild cultivating successful story.
Pseudo-wild cultivating is exactly to sow in worked soil the seed of hickory chick under natural climate condition, take
Lid sunshade, by the fructification that natural growth harvesting in 4-6 months is mature.Though the method can successfully harvest fructification,
Be that there are following disadvantages: 1, the period is long: the shortest time takes 4 months and starts to harvest, longest for 6 months；
2, fruiting difficulty is big: Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers mycelium is easy failure into reproductive growth transition process in nutrient growth, is difficult to grow sheep tripe
Mushroom entity, even if kind comes out, annual output is also extremely unstable, seriously constrains being widely applied and business metaplasia for hickory chick
It produces；3, be unable to continuous cropping: hickory chick needs to plant with changing every year, to reduce the generation of pest and disease damage.
China Patent No. CN 107580970A discloses a kind of moist area of heavy rainfull hickory chick commercialization cultural method, should
Method include: build first layer sunshade, site preparation, sowing and extra-nutrition matrix, cultural hypha, take the U-shaped Small plastic shed of the second layer,
Former base and young mushroom management；The present invention builds Small plastic shed after growing mycelia, protects young mushroom from the infringement of wind and rain, still
Temperature of shed is maintained, reduce the alternating temperature stimulation needed when former base differentiation reduces to extend the fruiting time of hickory chick
Fruiting efficiency；Secondly, be after planting extra-nutrition matrix, it is premature to keep nutrition in soil rich, it is unfavorable for mycelia growth.
Therefore for the sustainable utilization of hickory chick resource, the greenhouse facility cultural method for developing a kind of hickory chick is very
It is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the facility cultivation technique of a kind of hickory chick and rice crop rotation, greenhouse plus small is utilized
The facilityization cultivation of arched shed effectively avoids hickory chick growth from being influenced by external environment, and fruiting is neat, and cultivating rate is stablized, and solves it
The problems such as low output, period length are provided by solving continuous cropping obstacle with rice continuous cropping for hickory chick industry sustainable development
Thinking.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that
A kind of facility cultivation technique of hickory chick and rice crop rotation, comprising the following steps:
S1, build mushroom shed: uniformly sprinkling 2kg/ mus of decomposing agent in harvested paddy field, then deep plough decomposing agent and
Stalk ploughs under underground together, rear to fill horse race water, keeps 7~10d of ground moistening, builds greenhouse, and cover one layer of plastic foil and screening
For screened negative to canopy bottom, canopy is interior to fill one group of atomizer every a meter ampere；
S2, ridge-up bed are built: every canopy sows 50~70kg/ mu of quick lime, 20~40cm of deep ploughing, bedding, and furrow are wide by 100~
150cm, furrow long 40m stay gutter between furrow；
S3, sowing: at 18~20 DEG C of environment maximum temperature, soil moisture 50~70%, hickory chick strain is broken nucleation
Peach size, every canopy strain amount are 250~300kg；
S4, it builds Small plastic shed: building the Small plastic shed of arc-shaped, and cover thin film, periphery transparent adhesive tape or cord
It is fixed；
S5, extra-nutrition matrix: every furrow put 3 packet nutrient bags every 1m, in the shape of " pin "；
S6, mycelia are managed and protected: canopy temperature is maintained at 20~28 DEG C between growth period of hypha, and air humidity is 75%~85%；
S7, it urges mushroom: in mycelia string to nutrient bag, when ground temperature reaches 8~12 DEG C, keeping the skin wet and carry out urging mushroom；
S8, mushroom growing, harvesting: when occurring small white spots in soil, soil and air humidity, amount of oxygen are increased, diligent ventilation is changed
Gas crosses 3~5d when forming immature mushroom flower bud, removes black film, until the cap of fructification it is long to 5~7cm or so when, can adopt
It receives；
S9, Rice Cropping, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out raising rice seedlings and adopts
Knock off work.
Greenhouse has heat insulating ability, and after covering thin transparent film, with the transmission of light on daytime, temperature of shed is increased, but because of ventilation
Condition that is bad, often resulting in high temperature in canopy, high humidity harm or disease is caused to occur；And the temperature in greenhouse is with outside air temperature
Raising and increase, with outside air temperature decline and decline, have apparent seasonal variations and biggish day and night temperature, low temperature
The phase temperature difference is bigger.By increase sunshade net to a certain extent can light-blocking, cooling, avoid the appearance of excessive temperature, reduce soil
Water evaporation quantity increases humidity, and there are also the effects of certain thermal insulation wetting when extraneous low temperature, but still are not avoided that native when high temperature
Earth temperature is excessively high, the soil moisture too low situation when low temperature, and it is even dead to lead to occur hickory chick slow growth, final to cause to subtract
It produces, it is serious or even the problem of can have no harvest；Therefore simple greenhouse is not appropriate for hygrophilous, cryophil hickory chick growth.
Small plastic shed is arranged in the present invention in greenhouse, and Small plastic shed height is 50cm, and it is empty to provide sufficient growth for hickory chick
Between, the normal growth of hickory chick will not be interfered；Canopy face covers black film, because its light transmittance is low, radiant heat through few, so can make by
The soil temperature diurnal variation amplitude of mulching soil reduces, and plays the role of the rising of high-temperature buffer temperature, and low temperature slows down temperature decline, greatly
Time for being raised and lowered of extension temperature avoid temperature so that the soil moisture to be maintained to the range of suitable hickory chick growth
Spend influence of the rapid drawdown to mycelia and fructification that rise sharply；Secondly, being conducive to be retained moisture-keeping, fertilizer-keeping, stablize because soil day temperature changes, water
Dispersion is lost slowly, and the soil moisture, humidity are relative constant, and organic matter is in normal circulation state, may advantageously facilitate hickory chick just
It is frequently grown；Furthermore sunlight can be further covered, the sunlight penetrated from sunshade net is kept out, through being formed and being covered through a small amount of scattering light
Environment, Morciiella Esculeuta Mycelia can better growth and development, also have facilitation to the formation of fructification, yield can be improved.But it is double
The setting of layer canopy, unavoidably will affect the circulation and oxygen content of air in soil and canopy, and therefore, the present invention selects gas permeability
Good sandy soil overcomes the problems, such as this, guarantees oxygen supply of the hickory chick in soil-grown.
Greenhouse and it is interior set Small plastic shed by way of, on the one hand in the fall sowing the time maintain canopy temperature, make its temperature holding
At 20~28 DEG C, be conducive to mycelia field planting and growth；Low temperature urges the mushroom time to keep the temperature in winter, and white d improves canopy temperature, night
Heat radiation is reduced, the temperature in greenhouse is maintained, keeps soil temperature variation steady, sandy soil temperature is increased to 5~8 DEG C or so, separately
On the one hand the morning and evening temperature difference is improved and maintains to increase to 10~15 DEG C in the alternating temperature stimulation needed when the differentiation of hickory chick former base
Day and night temperature stimulation promotes the formation of mycelia growth and fructification, reduces the fruiting period, and cultivating rate is high, and fruiting is neat,
Be conducive to the accumulation of its nutrient, the fructification of formation is big full, and quality is high.
Further, the step S4 film is one of unregistered land film, silver-colored unregistered land film.
Further, the step S4 film is unregistered land film.
Further, the step S4 curves arc-shaped with two arches every one meter on furrow, and it is 50 that intersection, which is barricaded as height,
~60cm Small plastic shed, the arch are selected from one of bamboo cane, hard plastic material strip or metal tube.
Further, the step S5 nutrient bag is put period and is stepped back for bacterium frost season or bacterium frost.
Further, the production method of the nutrient bag of the step S5 are as follows: every 100 mass parts fuel includes corncob 30
~50 parts, 15~35 parts of husk, 18~28 parts of wheat, 0.5~1.5 part of quick lime, 0.5~1.5 part of gypsum, fertile soil 5~15
Part, it is 55% that water content is adjusted after mixing, and the bacterium bag of 14*28cm is packed into after mixing thoroughly, is sterilized after tying, is put after cooling spare.Battalion
It supports in bag and adds fertile soil, humus content is relatively abundanter in fertile soil, contains more nitrogen and P elements simultaneously, can either mend
Various elements needed for filling hickory chick growth, promote the growth of its mycelia growth and fructification, can also improve water-retaining property.
Further, every 100 mass parts fuel includes 40 parts of corncob, 25 parts of husk, 23 parts of wheat, quick lime
1 part, 1 part of gypsum, 10 parts of fertile soil.
Further, the step S7, noon close canopy, open canopy at dusk.
Further, the step S7 can be kept the skin wet by the modes such as diversion, atomizer water spray in gutter.
Further, the step S1 paddy field topography is flat, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are convenient.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. combining the temperature in 9~November of Hubei province locality and 0 DEG C of humidity condition and minimum winter daily mean temperature attached
Closely, in Morciiella Esculeuta Mycelia growth course, a series of management methods for meeting its growth rhythm are implemented, and big by facility
The investment of canopy and Small plastic shed effectively reduces environmental change and grows caused devastating impact to it, by with rice continuous cropping
Continuous cropping obstacle is solved, cultivating rate is stablized, and yield is high, and toxigenic capacity is low, and crop cycle is short, has method science, planting type symbol
Our province climatic characteristic is closed, the distinguishing features such as can be widely applied.
2. greenhouse and it is interior set Small plastic shed by way of, on the one hand high temperature sows the time in the fall, maintains canopy temperature, keeps its warm
Degree is maintained at 20~28 DEG C, is conducive to mycelia field planting and growth；On the other hand low temperature is urged the mushroom time in winter, and daytime improves greenhouse
Interior temperature, night reduce heat radiation, maintain the temperature in greenhouse, keep soil temperature variation steady, sandy soil temperature is increased to 5~
8 DEG C or so, and the morning and evening temperature difference is improved and maintains to increase the alternating temperature stimulation needed when the differentiation of hickory chick former base to 10~15 DEG C
In day and night temperature stimulation, promote the formation of mycelia growth and fructification, reduce the fruiting period, cultivating rate is high, and fruiting is whole
Together, it is also beneficial to the accumulation of its nutrient, the fructification of formation is big full, and quality is high.
3. requirement of the Morciiella Esculeuta Mycelia duration of germination to nutrition is not too high, but vegetative stage or sporophore growth rank
Section needs a certain amount of inherent nutriment, but superfluous nutriment is unfavorable for the formation of hickory chick instead.Sandy soil is husky
The more clays of grain are few, and soil structures are loose, and soil with organic matter content is medium, are conducive to the sprouting of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers mycelium, if at this time
Overnutrition, will affect the quality of hickory chick, therefore the present invention is after mycelium sprouting during mycelial growth, soil nutrient
Nutrient bag is put in the case where material consumption to a certain degree, supplements the nutriments such as a certain amount of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and organic acid, this
When, be conducive to mycelial growth, improve hypha biomass, so that former base be induced to form the development with fructification, improves cultivating rate.
4. sandy soil soil temperature luffing is big, the morning and evening temperature difference is advantageously formed, the morning and evening temperature difference is conducive to greatly fruit body primordium
The formation of development and fructification；Secondly, aeration is good, be conducive to maintain the abundance of aerobic hickory chick in growth and development process
Oxygen shortens crop cycle；And oxygen is sufficient, is also beneficial to the activity of aerobic microorganism, organic matter decomposition is fast, in soil
Nonhazardous substance exists, and continuous cropping may be implemented.
5. hickory chick and rice crop rotation are conducive to improve soil property in canopy, inhibit continuous cropping diseases.It is planted by rice
Nutrient is absorbed during training to reduce the accumulation of upper earth nutrient and salinity, alleviates soil acidification, secondly rice cultivation can use solid
Nitrogen characteristic reduces hickory chick and cultivates amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and rice stubble in field, resolves into organic matter in the soil, increase soil
The validity of middle phosphorus, potassium etc. improves ecological environment of soil to further decrease soil acidity, is formed and is suitable for hickory chick of lower season
The environment of cultivation, it is further that a large amount of profitable strains that the cultivation of hickory chick also can use hickory chick growth generation reside in soil
Breeding improves soil property, inhibits the growth of soil harmful bacteria, to inhibit continuous cropping diseases.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Obviously, described
Embodiment be only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiment of the present invention, ability
Domain those of ordinary skill every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, belongs to guarantor of the present invention
The range of shield.
One, embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of facility cultivation technique of hickory chick and rice crop rotation, comprising the following steps:
S1, build mushroom shed: uniformly sprinkling 2kg/ mus of decomposing agent in harvested paddy field, then deep plough decomposing agent and
Stalk ploughs under underground together, rear to fill horse race water, keeps 7~10d of ground moistening, selection topography is flat, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are convenient
Paddy field, build greenhouse on it, be divided into 1m between the high 3m of canopy, width 8m, long 40m, sidebar, and cover one layer of plastic foil and shading
Net is to canopy bottom, the card slot clamping of canopy both sides, soil block compacting around canopy bottom, fills one group of atomizer every a meter ampere in canopy.
S2, ridge-up bed are built: on the soil for putting up mushroom shed, every canopy sows 50kg/ mus of quick lime, is then ploughed deeply with rotary cultivator
Soil, ploughing deeply depth is 20cm, and soil is diametrically that the bulk of 1~2cm is most preferably, and subsequent bedding, the wide 100cm of furrow, furrow are long
40m, and the gutter of 30cm, depth 10cm are stayed among every furrow.
S3, sowing: at 18~20 DEG C of environment maximum temperature, in gutter diversion to furrow height, make soil moisture reach 50~
70%, after band water subsides, after both hands and pocket knife are disinfected in alcohol, strain bag is cut open, hickory chick strain is broken into walnut size,
Then, it is sowed using bunch planting, drilling or the mode of broadcasting sowing, every canopy strain amount is 250kg.
S4, it builds Small plastic shed: after sowing, long 1.8 meters, wide 2 centimetres or so the bamboo canes of preprepared being curved into circle
Arcuation curves arc-shaped with two arches every one meter on furrow, and it is 50cm Small plastic shed that intersection, which is barricaded as height, covers unregistered land above
Film, periphery are fixed with transparent adhesive tape or cord, prevent film from sliding.
S5, extra-nutrition matrix: after sowing about 15d, every 3d, open whether black film observation furrow face large area bacterium occurs
Frost, bacterium frost only will appear 2~3d, must frequently observe, and step back in bacterium frost season or bacterium frost, and every furrow put 3 packet nutrient bags every 1 meter,
It is in the shape of " pin "；When putting, after knife is disinfected in alcohol, the openning of 10cm or so is scratched on nutrient bag, then by mouth
Son is directly put facing to furrow face, and fuel is allowed to be close to soil.The production method of the nutrient bag are as follows: every 100 mass parts nutrition
Material includes 30 parts of corncob, 35 parts of husk, 18 parts of wheat, 1.5 parts of quick lime, 0.5 part of gypsum, 15 parts of fertile soil, is adjusted after mixing
Water content is 55%, and the bacterium bag of 14*28cm is packed into after mixing thoroughly, is sterilized after tying, is put after cooling spare.
S6, mycelia are managed and protected: opening canopy when canopy temperature is higher than 30 DEG C and breathe freely, canopy heat preservation is closed when being lower than 20 DEG C；Air humidity is higher than
It is ventilative to open canopy when 90%, opens atomizer humidification process when being lower than 55%, keep between growth period of hypha canopy temperature be maintained at 20~
28 DEG C, air humidity is 75%~85%；After in mycelia string to nutrient bag, nutrient bag, close observation bacterium are not moved easily
Silk growing state should will contaminate mould sack in time and remove when the miscellaneous bacterias such as green mold, monascus occurs in nutrient bag, infect place and use
Quick lime is covered, and the nutrient bag of infection is buried in the place far from growing area, prevents from infecting other mycelia.
S7, it urges mushroom: when ground temperature reaches 10 DEG C or so, canopy being closed by noon, the modes such as canopy is opened at dusk and increases day and night temperature, is arranged
The mode of keeping the skin wet such as diversion, G type spray head water spray carries out urging mushroom in ditch.
S8, mushroom growing, harvesting: when occurring small white spots, as signal mushroom in soil, show hickory chick i.e. by fruiting, fruiting
When need to increase soil and air humidity, amount of oxygen, 3~5d is crossed in diligent ventilation, and signal mushroom will form immature mushroom flower bud, at this point,
Black film is removed, absorption of the mushroom body to oxygen is conducive to, mushroom flower bud takes around 15d to fructification is formed, when the cap of fructification
It is long to 5~7cm or so when, can harvest, when harvesting gently one is cut with pocket knife along stem, is then remained in digging out soil
Remaining stem prevents mildew of rotting.
S9, Rice Cropping, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out raising rice seedlings and adopts
Knock off work.
Embodiment 2
A kind of facility cultivation technique of hickory chick and rice crop rotation, comprising the following steps:
S1, build mushroom shed: uniformly sprinkling 2kg/ mus of decomposing agent in harvested paddy field, then deep plough decomposing agent and
Stalk ploughs under underground together, rear to fill horse race water, keeps 7~10d of ground moistening, selection topography is flat, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are convenient
Paddy field, build greenhouse on it, be divided into 1m between the high 3m of canopy, width 8m, long 40m, sidebar, and cover one layer of plastic foil and shading
Net is to canopy bottom, the card slot clamping of canopy both sides, soil block compacting around canopy bottom, fills one group of atomizer every a meter ampere in canopy.
S2, ridge-up bed are built: on the soil for putting up mushroom shed, every canopy sows 55kg/ mus of quick lime, is then ploughed deeply with rotary cultivator
Soil, ploughing deeply depth is 25cm, and soil is diametrically that the bulk of 1~2cm is most preferably, and subsequent bedding, the wide 110cm of furrow, furrow are long
40m, and the gutter of 35cm, depth 12cm are stayed among every furrow.
S3, sowing: at 18~20 DEG C of environment maximum temperature, in gutter diversion to furrow height, make soil moisture reach 50~
70%, after band water subsides, after both hands and pocket knife are disinfected in alcohol, strain bag is cut open, hickory chick strain is broken into walnut size,
Then, it is sowed using bunch planting, drilling or the mode of broadcasting sowing, every canopy strain amount is 260kg.
S4, Small plastic shed is built: after sowing, long 1.8 meters, wide 2 centimetres or so the hard plastic material strips of preprepared are curved
At arc-shaped, arc-shaped is curved with two arches every one meter on furrow, it is 52cm Small plastic shed that intersection, which is barricaded as height, is covered above
Silver-colored unregistered land film, periphery are fixed with transparent adhesive tape or cord, prevent film from sliding.
S5, extra-nutrition matrix: after sowing about 15d, every 3d, open whether black film observation furrow face large area bacterium occurs
Frost, bacterium frost only will appear 2~3d, must frequently observe, and step back in bacterium frost season or bacterium frost, and every furrow put 3 packet nutrient bags every 1 meter,
It is in the shape of " pin "；When putting, after knife is disinfected in alcohol, the openning of 10cm or so is scratched on nutrient bag, then by mouth
Son is directly put facing to furrow face, and fuel is allowed to be close to soil.The production method of the nutrient bag are as follows: every 100 mass parts nutrition
Material includes 35 parts of corncob, 30 parts of husk, 20 parts of wheat, 1.25 parts of quick lime, 1.25 parts of gypsum, 12.5 parts of fertile soil, mixing
Adjusting water content afterwards is 55%, and the bacterium bag of 14*28cm is packed into after mixing thoroughly, is sterilized after tying, is put after cooling spare.
S6, mycelia are managed and protected: opening canopy when canopy temperature is higher than 30 DEG C and breathe freely, canopy heat preservation is closed when being lower than 20 DEG C；Air humidity is higher than
It is ventilative to open canopy when 90%, opens atomizer humidification process when being lower than 55%, keep between growth period of hypha canopy temperature be maintained at 20~
28 DEG C, air humidity is 75%~85%；After in mycelia string to nutrient bag, nutrient bag, close observation bacterium are not moved easily
Silk growing state should will contaminate mould sack in time and remove when the miscellaneous bacterias such as green mold, monascus occurs in nutrient bag, infect place and use
Quick lime is covered, and the nutrient bag of infection is buried in the place far from growing area, prevents from infecting other mycelia.
S7, it urges mushroom: when ground temperature reaches 10 DEG C or so, canopy being closed by noon, the modes such as canopy is opened at dusk and increases day and night temperature,
The mode of keeping the skin wet such as diversion, G type spray head water spray carries out urging mushroom in gutter.
S8, mushroom growing, harvesting: when occurring small white spots, as signal mushroom in soil, show hickory chick i.e. by fruiting, fruiting
When need to increase soil and air humidity, amount of oxygen, 3~5d is crossed in diligent ventilation, and signal mushroom will form immature mushroom flower bud, at this point,
Black film is removed, absorption of the mushroom body to oxygen is conducive to, mushroom flower bud takes around 15d to fructification is formed, when the cap of fructification
It is long to 5~7cm or so when, can harvest, when harvesting gently one is cut with pocket knife along stem, is then remained in digging out soil
Remaining stem prevents mildew of rotting.,
S9, Rice Cropping, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out raising rice seedlings and adopts
Knock off work.
Embodiment 3
A kind of facility cultivation technique of hickory chick and rice crop rotation, comprising the following steps:
S1, build mushroom shed: uniformly sprinkling 2kg/ mus of decomposing agent in harvested paddy field, then deep plough decomposing agent and
Stalk ploughs under underground together, rear to fill horse race water, keeps 7~10d of ground moistening, selection topography is flat, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are convenient
Paddy field, build greenhouse on it, be divided into 1m between the high 3m of canopy, width 8m, long 40m, sidebar, and cover one layer of plastic foil and shading
Net is to canopy bottom, the card slot clamping of canopy both sides, soil block compacting around canopy bottom, fills one group of atomizer every a meter ampere in canopy.
S2, ridge-up bed are built: on the soil for putting up mushroom shed, every canopy sows 60kg/ mus of quick lime, is then ploughed deeply with rotary cultivator
Soil, ploughing deeply depth is 30cm, and soil is diametrically that the bulk of 1~2cm is most preferably, and subsequent bedding, the wide 120cm of furrow, furrow are long
40m, and the gutter of 40cm, depth 13cm are stayed among every furrow.
S3, sowing: at 18~20 DEG C of environment maximum temperature, in gutter diversion to furrow height, make soil moisture reach 50~
70%, after band water subsides, after both hands and pocket knife are disinfected in alcohol, strain bag is cut open, hickory chick strain is broken into walnut size,
Then, it is sowed using bunch planting, drilling or the mode of broadcasting sowing, every canopy strain amount is 275kg.
S4, it builds Small plastic shed: after sowing, long 1.8 meters, wide 2 centimetres or so the bamboo canes of preprepared being curved into circle
Arcuation curves arc-shaped with two arches every one meter on furrow, and it is 55cm Small plastic shed that intersection, which is barricaded as height, covers unregistered land above
Film or silver-colored unregistered land film, periphery are fixed with transparent adhesive tape or cord, prevent film from sliding.
S5, extra-nutrition matrix: after sowing about 15d, every 3d, open whether black film observation furrow face large area bacterium occurs
Frost, bacterium frost only will appear 2~3d, must frequently observe, and step back in bacterium frost season or bacterium frost, and every furrow put 3 packet nutrient bags every 1 meter,
It is in the shape of " pin "；When putting, after knife is disinfected in alcohol, the openning of 10cm or so is scratched on nutrient bag, then by mouth
Son is directly put facing to furrow face, and fuel is allowed to be close to soil.The production method of the nutrient bag are as follows: every 100 mass parts nutrition
Material includes 40 parts of corncob, 25 parts of husk, 23 parts of wheat, 1 part of quick lime, 1 part of gypsum, 10 parts of fertile soil, is adjusted after mixing aqueous
Amount is 55%, and the bacterium bag of 14*28cm is packed into after mixing thoroughly, is sterilized after tying, is put after cooling spare.
S6, mycelia are managed and protected: opening canopy when canopy temperature is higher than 30 DEG C and breathe freely, canopy heat preservation is closed when being lower than 20 DEG C；Air humidity is higher than
It is ventilative to open canopy when 90%, opens atomizer humidification process when being lower than 55%, keep between growth period of hypha canopy temperature be maintained at 20~
28 DEG C, air humidity is 75%~85%；After in mycelia string to nutrient bag, nutrient bag, close observation bacterium are not moved easily
Silk growing state should will contaminate mould sack in time and remove when the miscellaneous bacterias such as green mold, monascus occurs in nutrient bag, infect place and use
Quick lime is covered, and the nutrient bag of infection is buried in the place far from growing area, prevents from infecting other mycelia.
S7, it urges mushroom: when ground temperature reaches 10 DEG C or so, canopy being closed by noon, the modes such as canopy is opened at dusk and increases day and night temperature,
The mode of keeping the skin wet such as diversion, G type spray head water spray carries out urging mushroom in gutter.
S8, mushroom growing, harvesting: when occurring small white spots, as signal mushroom in soil, show hickory chick i.e. by fruiting, fruiting
When need to increase soil and air humidity, amount of oxygen, 3~5d is crossed in diligent ventilation, and signal mushroom will form immature mushroom flower bud, at this point,
Black film is removed, absorption of the mushroom body to oxygen is conducive to, mushroom flower bud takes around 15d to fructification is formed, when the cap of fructification
It is long to 5~7cm or so when, can harvest, when harvesting gently one is cut with pocket knife along stem, is then remained in digging out soil
Remaining stem prevents mildew of rotting.
S9, Rice Cropping, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out raising rice seedlings and adopts
Knock off work.
Embodiment 4
A kind of facility cultivation technique of hickory chick and rice crop rotation, comprising the following steps:
S1, build mushroom shed: uniformly sprinkling 2kg/ mus of decomposing agent in harvested paddy field, then deep plough decomposing agent and
Stalk ploughs under underground together, rear to fill horse race water, keeps 7~10d of ground moistening, selection topography is flat, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are convenient
Paddy field, build greenhouse on it, be divided into 1m between the high 3m of canopy, width 8m, long 40m, sidebar, and cover one layer of plastic foil and shading
Net is to canopy bottom, the card slot clamping of canopy both sides, soil block compacting around canopy bottom, fills one group of atomizer every a meter ampere in canopy.
S2, ridge-up bed are built: on the soil for putting up mushroom shed, every canopy sows 65kg/ mus of quick lime, is then ploughed deeply with rotary cultivator
Soil, ploughing deeply depth is 35cm, and soil is diametrically that the bulk of 1~2cm is most preferably, and subsequent bedding, the wide 135cm of furrow, furrow are long
40m, and the gutter of 40cm, depth 15cm are stayed among every furrow.
S3, sowing: at 18~20 DEG C of environment maximum temperature, in gutter diversion to furrow height, make soil moisture reach 50~
70%, after band water subsides, after both hands and pocket knife are disinfected in alcohol, strain bag is cut open, hickory chick strain is broken into walnut size,
Then, it is sowed using bunch planting, drilling or the mode of broadcasting sowing, every canopy strain amount is 285kg.
S4, it builds Small plastic shed: after sowing, long 1.8 meters, wide 2 centimetres or so the metal tubes of preprepared being curved
Arc-shaped curves arc-shaped with two arches every one meter on furrow, and it is 57cm Small plastic shed that intersection, which is barricaded as height, is covered above black
Mulch or silver-colored unregistered land film, periphery are fixed with transparent adhesive tape or cord, prevent film from sliding.
S5, extra-nutrition matrix: after sowing about 15d, every 3d, open whether black film observation furrow face large area bacterium occurs
Frost, bacterium frost only will appear 2~3d, must frequently observe, and step back in bacterium frost season or bacterium frost, and every furrow put 3 packet nutrient bags every 1 meter,
It is in the shape of " pin "；When putting, after knife is disinfected in alcohol, the openning of 10cm or so is scratched on nutrient bag, then by mouth
Son is directly put facing to furrow face, and fuel is allowed to be close to soil.The production method of the nutrient bag are as follows: every 100 mass parts nutrition
Material includes 45 parts of corncob, 20 parts of husk, 26 parts of wheat, 0.75 part of quick lime, 0.75 part of gypsum, 7.5 parts of fertile soil, after mixing
Adjusting water content is 55%, and the bacterium bag of 14*28cm is packed into after mixing thoroughly, is sterilized after tying, is put after cooling spare.
S6, mycelia are managed and protected: opening canopy when canopy temperature is higher than 30 DEG C and breathe freely, canopy heat preservation is closed when being lower than 20 DEG C；Air humidity is higher than
It is ventilative to open canopy when 90%, opens atomizer humidification process when being lower than 55%, keep between growth period of hypha canopy temperature be maintained at 20~
28 DEG C, air humidity is 75%~85%；After in mycelia string to nutrient bag, nutrient bag, close observation bacterium are not moved easily
Silk growing state should will contaminate mould sack in time and remove when the miscellaneous bacterias such as green mold, monascus occurs in nutrient bag, infect place and use
Quick lime is covered, and the nutrient bag of infection is buried in the place far from growing area, prevents from infecting other mycelia.
S7, it urges mushroom: when ground temperature reaches 10 DEG C or so, canopy being closed by noon, the modes such as canopy is opened at dusk and increases day and night temperature,
The mode of keeping the skin wet such as diversion, G type spray head water spray carries out urging mushroom in gutter.
S8, mushroom growing, harvesting: when occurring small white spots, as signal mushroom in soil, show hickory chick i.e. by fruiting, fruiting
When need to increase soil and air humidity, amount of oxygen, 3~5d is crossed in diligent ventilation, and signal mushroom will form immature mushroom flower bud, at this point,
Black film is removed, absorption of the mushroom body to oxygen is conducive to, mushroom flower bud takes around 15d to fructification is formed, when the cap of fructification
It is long to 5~7cm or so when, can harvest, when harvesting gently one is cut with pocket knife along stem, is then remained in digging out soil
Remaining stem prevents mildew of rotting.
S9, Rice Cropping, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out raising rice seedlings and adopts
Knock off work.
Embodiment 5
A kind of facility cultivation technique of hickory chick and rice crop rotation, comprising the following steps:
S1, build mushroom shed: uniformly sprinkling 2kg/ mus of decomposing agent in harvested paddy field, then deep plough decomposing agent and
Stalk ploughs under underground together, rear to fill horse race water, keeps 7~10d of ground moistening, selection topography is flat, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are convenient
Paddy field, build greenhouse on it, be divided into 1m between the high 3m of canopy, width 8m, long 40m, sidebar, and cover one layer of plastic foil and shading
Net is to canopy bottom, the card slot clamping of canopy both sides, soil block compacting around canopy bottom, fills one group of atomizer every a meter ampere in canopy.
S2, ridge-up bed are built: on the soil for putting up mushroom shed, every canopy sows 70kg/ mus of quick lime, is then ploughed deeply with rotary cultivator
Soil, ploughing deeply depth is 40cm, and soil is diametrically that the bulk of 1~2cm is most preferably, and subsequent bedding, the wide 150cm of furrow, furrow are long
40m, and the gutter of 50cm, depth 15cm are stayed among every furrow.
S3, sowing: at 18~20 DEG C of environment maximum temperature, in gutter diversion to furrow height, make soil moisture reach 50~
70%, after band water subsides, after both hands and pocket knife are disinfected in alcohol, strain bag is cut open, hickory chick strain is broken into walnut size,
Then, it is sowed using bunch planting, drilling or the mode of broadcasting sowing, every canopy strain amount is 300kg.
S4, it builds Small plastic shed: after sowing, long 1.8 meters, wide 2 centimetres or so the metal tubes of preprepared being curved
Arc-shaped curves arc-shaped with two arches every one meter on furrow, and it is 60cm Small plastic shed that intersection, which is barricaded as height, is covered above black
Mulch or silver-colored unregistered land film, periphery are fixed with transparent adhesive tape or cord, prevent film from sliding.
S5, extra-nutrition matrix: after sowing about 15d, every 3d, open whether black film observation furrow face large area bacterium occurs
Frost, bacterium frost only will appear 2~3d, must frequently observe, and step back in bacterium frost season or bacterium frost, and every furrow put 3 packet nutrient bags every 1 meter,
It is in the shape of " pin "；When putting, after knife is disinfected in alcohol, the openning of 10cm or so is scratched on nutrient bag, then by mouth
Son is directly put facing to furrow face, and fuel is allowed to be close to soil.The production method of the nutrient bag are as follows: every 100 mass parts nutrition
Material includes 50 parts of corncob, 15 parts of husk, 28 parts of wheat, 0.5 part of quick lime, 1.5 parts of gypsum, 5 parts of fertile soil, adjusts and contains after mixing
Water is 55%, and the bacterium bag of 14*28cm is packed into after mixing thoroughly, is sterilized after tying, is put after cooling spare.
S6, mycelia are managed and protected: opening canopy when canopy temperature is higher than 30 DEG C and breathe freely, canopy heat preservation is closed when being lower than 20 DEG C；Air humidity is higher than
It is ventilative to open canopy when 90%, opens atomizer humidification process when being lower than 55%, keep between growth period of hypha canopy temperature be maintained at 20~
28 DEG C, air humidity is 75%~85%；After in mycelia string to nutrient bag, nutrient bag, close observation bacterium are not moved easily
Silk growing state should will contaminate mould sack in time and remove when the miscellaneous bacterias such as green mold, monascus occurs in nutrient bag, infect place and use
Quick lime is covered, and the nutrient bag of infection is buried in the place far from growing area, prevents from infecting other mycelia.
S7, it urges mushroom: when ground temperature reaches 10 DEG C or so, canopy being closed by noon, the modes such as canopy is opened at dusk and increases day and night temperature,
The mode of keeping the skin wet such as diversion, G type spray head water spray carries out urging mushroom in gutter.
S8, mushroom growing, harvesting: when occurring small white spots, as signal mushroom in soil, show hickory chick i.e. by fruiting, fruiting
When need to increase soil and air humidity, amount of oxygen, 3~5d is crossed in diligent ventilation, and signal mushroom will form immature mushroom flower bud, at this point,
Black film is removed, absorption of the mushroom body to oxygen is conducive to, mushroom flower bud takes around 15d to fructification is formed, when the cap of fructification
It is long to 5~7cm or so when, can harvest, when harvesting gently one is cut with pocket knife along stem, is then remained in digging out soil
Remaining stem prevents mildew of rotting.
S9, Rice Cropping, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out raising rice seedlings and adopts
Knock off work.
Two, experimental example
Comparative example 1: not building Small plastic shed, remaining is the same as embodiment 3；
Comparative example 2: building Small plastic shed after growing mycelia, until first batch of mushroom harvesting terminates, remaining is the same as embodiment 3；
Comparative example 3: it is after planting extra-nutrition matrix, nutrient bag is removed when growing to former base, remaining is the same as embodiment 3；
Planting site soil physico-chemical property and local climate situation are shown in Tables 1 and 2, after having picked hickory chick, Statistical Comparison example 1
~3 and every group of embodiment in hickory chick yield and maturation time, and observe the condition of hickory chick in every group of embodiment, as a result see
Table 3.
1 hickory chick planting site soil physico-chemical property of table
2 planting site temperature change situation of table
| Month | The average daily lowest temperature (DEG C) | The average daily highest temperature (DEG C) |
| 9 | 17 | 29 |
| 10 | 16 | 26 |
| 11 | 8 | 25 |
| 12 | 1 | 16 |
| 1 | -2 | 5 |
| 2 | 2 | 9 |
| 3 | 9 | 20 |
Influence of 3 different disposal of table to the yield of hickory chick, maturation time and condition
| Kg/ mus of yield | Maturation time/d | Condition | |
| Comparative example 1 | 366~389 | 116~134 | Hickory chick individual difference is big, cap poor appearance, and meat is thin |
| Comparative example 2 | 415~440 | 115~125 | Hickory chick individual difference is little, and cap appearance is poor, and meat is relatively thin |
| Comparative example 3 | 480~522 | 105~120 | Hickory chick individual difference is little, and cap appearance is poor, and meat is relatively thin |
| Embodiment 1 | 620~645 | 103~115 | Hickory chick individual difference is little, and cap appearance is good, and meat is relatively thin |
| Embodiment 2 | 629~655 | 90~99 | Hickory chick individual difference is little, and cap appearance is good, and meat is thicker |
| Embodiment 3 | 645~714 | 90~96 | Hickory chick individual difference is little, and cap appearance is good, and meat is thicker |
| Embodiment 4 | 646~682 | 95~105 | Hickory chick individual difference is little, and cap appearance is good, and meat is thicker |
| Embodiment 5 | 641~673 | 101~111 | Hickory chick individual difference is little, and cap appearance is good, and meat is thicker |
This planting site selects farmland at the one of Nanzhang County of Xiangyang City area just outside a city gate town, as shown in Table 1, the planting site content of organic matter
Height, but available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content are extremely low, and comprehensive assessment fertilizer efficiency is medium, and nutrient content is general, as shown in Table 2, the planting site
Temperature change is larger, and autumn and winter temperature difference are big, and winter temperature is lower, and the lowest temperature can arrive subzero.
As shown in Table 3, in Examples 1 to 5, in the management process, using greenhouse plus it is interior set Small plastic shed by the way of, Er Qie
Nutrient bag is placed after mycelium germination, provides the most suitable growth environment for hickory chick, and the hickory chick individual difference finally planted out is not
Greatly, cap appearance is good, and meat is thicker, good in economic efficiency.Comparative example 1 compared with Example 3, does not add Small plastic shed, is not able to maintain
The temperature of hickory chick growing environment, and the moisture of soil is readily volatilized, and normal growing environment cannot be provided for hickory chick, kind
The hickory chick individual difference planted out is big, but cap poor appearance, meat are thin；Comparative example 2 compared with Example 3, after growing mycelia
Small plastic shed is built, although preferably maintaining soil moisture, temperature needed for early period cannot provide mycelium germination, mycelium germination
Slowly, although yield is still relatively high, growth time is longer, and the hickory chick individual difference planted out is little, and cap appearance is poor,
But meat is relatively thin；Illustrate that growth time can be shortened by after planting setting Small plastic shed, improve yield；Comparative example 3 and 3 phase of embodiment
Than after planting i.e. extra-nutrition matrix, the nutriment of initial stage surplus are unfavorable for the formation of hickory chick, the hickory chick planted out
Individual difference is larger, and cap appearance is poor, and meat is relatively thin, deficiency in economic performance.
Claims (10)
1. the facility cultivation technique of a kind of hickory chick and rice crop rotation, which comprises the following steps:
S1, it builds mushroom shed: uniformly sprinkling 2kg/ mus of decomposing agent in harvested paddy field, then deep plough decomposing agent and stalk
Underground is ploughed under together, it is rear to fill horse race water, 7~10d of ground moistening is kept, builds greenhouse, and cover one layer of plastic foil and shading net
To canopy bottom, one group of atomizer is filled every a meter ampere in canopy；
S2, ridge-up bed are built: every canopy sows 50~70kg/ mus of quick lime, and deep plough 20~40cm, bedding, the wide 100~150cm of furrow, furrow
Long 40m stays gutter between furrow；
S3, sowing: at 18~20 DEG C of environment maximum temperature, soil moisture 50~70%, it is big that hickory chick strain is broken into walnut
Small, every canopy strain amount is 250~300kg；
S4, it builds Small plastic shed: building the Small plastic shed of arc-shaped, and cover thin film, periphery is fixed with transparent adhesive tape or cord；
S5, extra-nutrition matrix: every furrow put 3 packet nutrient bags every 1m, in the shape of " pin "；
S6, mycelia are managed and protected: canopy temperature is maintained at 20~28 DEG C between growth period of hypha, and air humidity is 75%~85%；
S7, it urges mushroom: in mycelia string to nutrient bag, when ground temperature reaches 8~12 DEG C, keeping the skin wet and carry out urging mushroom；
S8, mushroom growing, harvesting: when occurring small white spots in soil, soil and air humidity, amount of oxygen, diligent ventilation, mistake are increased
When 3~5d forms immature mushroom flower bud, remove black film, until the cap of fructification it is long to 5~7cm or so when, can harvest；
S9, Rice Cropping, harvesting: after hickory chick harvests, shading net is removed, soil deeptillage carries out raising rice seedlings and harvests work
Make.
2. the facility cultivation technique of hickory chick as described in claim 1 and rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that the step S4
Film is one of unregistered land film, silver-colored unregistered land film.
3. the facility cultivation technique of hickory chick as claimed in claim 2 and rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that the step S4
Film is unregistered land film.
4. the facility cultivation technique of hickory chick as described in claim 1 and rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that the step
S4 curves arc-shaped with two arches every one meter on furrow, and it is 50~60cm Small plastic shed that intersection, which is barricaded as height, and the arch is selected from
One of bamboo cane, hard plastic material strip or metal tube.
5. the facility cultivation technique of hickory chick as described in claim 1 and rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that the step S5
Nutrient bag is put period and is stepped back for bacterium frost season or bacterium frost.
6. the facility cultivation technique of hickory chick as claimed in claim 1 or 5 and rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that the step
The production method of the nutrient bag of rapid S5 are as follows: every 100 mass parts fuel includes 30~50 parts of corncob, 15~35 parts of husk, small
18~28 parts of wheat, 0.5~1.5 part of quick lime, 0.5~1.5 part of gypsum, 5~15 parts of fertile soil, tune water content is after mixing
55%, it is packed into the bacterium bag of 14*28cm after mixing thoroughly, sterilizes after tying, is put after cooling spare.
7. the facility cultivation technique of hickory chick as claimed in claim 6 and rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that described every 100
Mass parts fuel includes 40 parts of corncob, 25 parts of husk, 23 parts of wheat, 1 part of quick lime, 1 part of gypsum, 10 parts of fertile soil.
8. the facility cultivation technique of hickory chick as described in claim 1 and rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that the step
S7, noon close canopy, open canopy at dusk.
9. the facility cultivation technique of hickory chick as described in claim 1 and rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that the step S7
It can be kept the skin wet by the modes such as diversion, atomizer water spray in gutter.
10. the facility cultivation technique of hickory chick as described in claim 1 and rice crop rotation, which is characterized in that the step
S1 paddy field topography is flat, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are convenient.
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| CN110036977A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-07-23 | 吉林师范大学 | A kind of hollow pond using frog artificial cultivation carries out organic breeding crop rotation technology of frog, upland rice and hickory chick |
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| CN110178668A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-30 | 邓述东 | A kind of method of five colours rice and wild mushroom circulation plantation |
| CN110972807A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-10 | 浙江寿仙谷医药股份有限公司 | Rotation method of lucid ganoderma |
| CN111406593A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-14 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Farmland in-situ rice and wheat bacterium circulating production method |
| CN114041386A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-02-15 | 湖北双竹生态食品开发股份有限公司 | Morchella-astragalus sinicus relay intercropping planting method |
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| CN110178638A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-30 | 邓述东 | A method for the treatment of in situ straw is planted using wild mushroom |
| CN110178668A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-30 | 邓述东 | A kind of method of five colours rice and wild mushroom circulation plantation |
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| CN114041386A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-02-15 | 湖北双竹生态食品开发股份有限公司 | Morchella-astragalus sinicus relay intercropping planting method |
| CN114747443A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-15 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for rotation of ganoderma lucidum and rice |
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