CN103563612A - Planting method for rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae - Google Patents
Planting method for rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae Download PDFInfo
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- CN103563612A CN103563612A CN201310312978.7A CN201310312978A CN103563612A CN 103563612 A CN103563612 A CN 103563612A CN 201310312978 A CN201310312978 A CN 201310312978A CN 103563612 A CN103563612 A CN 103563612A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae. The planting method comprises the following steps: clearing up a seedbed, sowing seeds, carrying out soil preparation and transplanting; carrying out field management; preventing and treating diseases and pests; harvesting and processing; paving sowing matrix on the seedbed; adding a soil conditioning agent into a large field. When the method is used for planting the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, the acre yield of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae is high, the quality is good and the plant diseases and insect pests are few.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese herbal medicine field of planting, relate in particular to the implantation methods of the bighead atractylodes rhizome.
Background technology
The bighead atractylodes rhizome is feverfew.Another name: in art, winter art, Zhejiang art.There is tonifying spleen and divide stomach, eliminating dampness Li Shui and middle function.Cure mainly deficient QI of the spleen and stomach, do not feel like eating, the empty disease such as swollen.China's most area all has cultivation.Pan An, Hui nationality, Zhejiang main product.Happiness is nice and cool, cold-resistant, is afraid of high temperature, is afraid of ponding.Root growth preference temperature is 26~28 ℃, the low temperature that ability is 10 ℃.To soil, require not tight, acid yellow-red soil soil and subalkaline sandy loam all can grow.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of implantation methods of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, the inventive method plantation bighead atractylodes rhizome, output is high, and damage by disease and insect is few, pollution-free.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for achieving the above object:
An implantation methods for the bighead atractylodes rhizome, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) site preparation and fertilization
A, nursery should be selected middle fertility, draining is good, the subacidity sandy loam of ventilating cool, execute 2000 kilograms of farmyard manures for every 667 square metres, plough deeply cultivated, rake whole thin, spread the planting matrix of 10-15cm, remake the wide furrow of 1.2-1.3 rice, described planting matrix is made by the raw material of following weight portion: fallen leaves powder 15-20 becomes thoroughly decomposed, cushaw stem bits 10-15, green grass powder 10-12 becomes thoroughly decomposed, coconut shell flour 8-12, the dry cow dung 10-15 of fermentation, peat soil 8-10, rice bran 5-6, peanut meal 4-5, citric acid 1-2, vermiculite 5-6, manganese mud 8-12, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ammonium chloride 3-4, superphosphate 2-4, rural area soil 9-12, quicklime 4-5,
B, land for growing field crops should select not plant for 5 years the bighead atractylodes rhizome fertile, ventilate, nice and cool, well-drained sandy loam, execute farmyard manure 1000-1500 kilogram for every 667 square metres, join and execute 30-40 kilogram of superphosphate, 10-15 kilogram slowly-releasing potassium chloride, 10-12 kg urea, soil conditioner 10-15 kilogram, plough deeply 20 centimetres, make the furrow of 1-1.5 rice;
(2) propagation method
A, grow seedlings: late March is to early April, select full seed, without the novel species of damage by disease and insect, by 500 times of immersion kinds of 50% carbendazol wettable powder 30 minutes, taking-up is cleaned and is dried with clear water, the warm water of again seed being put into 25-30 ℃ soaks 12 hours, pull seed out and install with cloth bag or gunnysack, be placed in the indoor 4-5 days of 25-30 ℃, sooner or later use warm water shower 1 time every day; Before sowing, on the whole good furrow face of growing seedlings, open traverse furrow and carry out drilling, line-spacing 15-20 centimetre, sown scope 7-10 centimetre, ditch depth 3-5 centimetre, is sown into the seed of vernalization in ditch, every 667m
2seeding quantity 5-8 kilogram, lid rural area soil approximately 3 cm thicks, furrow cover straw heat and moisture preserving, every 667 square metres with kind of a 5-7 kilogram, broadcast rear 7-10 days and emerge, after emerging, take lid grass off, enhance field management;
B, transplanting: be portable spring winter to next year then, selecting robust growth, root mass are flourishing, top bud head is full art plants in the solution that immerses 750 times of 40% carbendazim glue suspension+75% mancozeb wettable powder and soaks 4 hours, before plantation, with Trichoderma harzianum, carry out field soil sterilization, then transplant land for growing field crops, plant and plant by planting art under distance between rows and hills (18-24) * 12cm, length of embedment 6~9cm, covers 2-3cm fine earth above, every mu of 10000~12000 strains of density;
(3) field management
A, art plant the management on ground: after coming up, want timely weeding and by spacing in the rows 4-6 centimetre thinning, and the drought resisting of sooner or later watering, the growth later stage, as found bolting, should extract in time;
B, field management
1. intertill and clean tillage: diligent weeding, shallow loosening the soil;
2. fertilising: before and after buddingging, can topdress once, 667 square metres in 15-20 kilogram, ditch spread slowly-releasing potassium chloride in the ranks and ammonium phosphate 25-30 kilogram, executes rear earthing, waters;
3. the draining of pouring water: ditching, reason ditch, draining in time after rain, late August root-like stock expand when bright, keep field moistening;
4. pluck flower bud: except 5~6 buds are stayed in the every strain of plant left to run to seed, all the other all will be extractd in good time, generally in mid-July~early August, divide and select fine day to extract 2~3 times;
5. lid is careless: July, high temperature season can spread on earth's surface the coverings such as one deck leaf, wheat bran, regulates ground temperature, and the bighead atractylodes rhizome is got over safely;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest by conventional method;
(5) gather and process art plantation and plant then, in late October, to mid-November, bighead atractylodes rhizome cauline leaf starts to carry out routine when withered and gathers.
The implantation methods of the described bighead atractylodes rhizome, is characterized in that: the preparation method of described slowly-releasing potassium chloride is:
(1) take perlite, sent into 800-850 ℃ of kiln roasting 4-5 hour, cooling after, then be ground into powder;
(2) in the crushed crude pearlite after roasting, add the potassium chloride solution that is equivalent to crushed crude pearlite weight 15-20%, allow it fully absorb, after liquid exhausts, add again and be equivalent to crushed crude pearlite weight 1-2% wintergreen doubly, the shitosan of the calgon of 2-3%, 0.5-1.0% dibutyl phthalate, 1-2%, 2-3% aluminium hydroxide, with the speed of 8000-10000 rev/min, stir, obtain disperse phase, the concentration of potassium chloride solution is 30-40%;
(3) disperse phase is sprayed on potassium chloride particle by high pressure nozzle, then makes it when round shaped grain rolls to stick humus powder through rocking bed, then dry to obtain finished product through 55-65 ℃.
The implantation methods of the described bighead atractylodes rhizome, is characterized in that: described soil conditioner is obtained by the component raw material preparation of following weight portion:
(1) take by weight attapulgite 12-15, sugar beet pulp 6-8, vinegar grain 5-7, phosphorus ore slag 10-12, magnesium sulfate 2-3, potassium chloride 1-2, sodium molybdate 2-3, superphosphate 8-10, zinc sulphate 2-3, shrimp shell meal 10-12, nano-sized carbon 1-2, cinder 8-10, bamboo charcoal powder 12-15, shitosan 4-6, sepiolite powder 4-6, aluminium vanadine 2-3, quicklime 1-2, tea oil 2-3, wintergreen 3-4, borax 2-3, humic acid potassium 3-4, Silane coupling agent KH550 1-2, water appropriate;
(2) attapulgite, phosphorus ore slag, vinegar grain, bamboo charcoal powder, aluminium vanadine, tea oil are added suitable quantity of water mix, are smelt mud shape, be then pressed into piece, send into 450-500 ℃ of kiln roasting 4-5 hour, cooling after, then be ground into 1-2mm coarse grain; Potassium chloride being added to suitable quantity of water dissolves again, the coarse grain, nano-sized carbon, zinc sulphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium molybdate, humic acid potassium, borax, shitosan, sepiolite powder, the soybean oil that add again aforementioned gained, and other residual components mixing, fully stir granulation, oven dry.
Beneficial effect
First when growing seedlings, on the top layer of the nursery of putting in order, spread special matrix, make the germination rate of seed high, the growth of seedling speed after germination is fast, and seedling is healthy and strong, and the survival rate of transplanting is high;
On the plot, land for growing field crops choosing, when using sufficient conventional base fertilizer, enriched slow-release fertilizer, soil conditioner, then ploughing deeply, bedding, has guaranteed the seedling of in good time transplanting, and seedling-slowing stage is short, survival rate is high, and the damage by disease and insect incidence in whole vegetative period is low, has improved per mu yield and the quality of the bighead atractylodes rhizome.
Embodiment
An implantation methods for the bighead atractylodes rhizome, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) site preparation and fertilization
A, seedbed arranges nursery should select middle fertility, draining is good, the subacidity sandy loam of ventilating cool, execute 2000 kilograms of farmyard manures for every 667 square metres, plough deeply cultivated, rake whole thin, spread the planting matrix of 14cm, remake 1.2 meters of wide furrow, planting matrix by following weight (kilogram) raw material make: become thoroughly decomposed fallen leaves powder 18, cushaw stem bits 12, green grass powder 11 becomes thoroughly decomposed, coconut shell flour 10, the dry cow dung 13 of fermentation, peat soil 9, rice bran 6, peanut meal 5, citric acid 2, vermiculite 6, manganese mud 11, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3, ammonium chloride 4, superphosphate 2, rural area soil 12, quicklime 5,
B, transplant ground and arrange that land for growing field crops should be selected not plant for 5 years fertile, the ventilation of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, feels nice and cool, well-drained sandy loam, execute 1400 kilograms of farmyard manures for every 667 square metres, join and execute 35 kilograms of superphosphate, 12 kilograms of slowly-releasing potassium chloride, 11 kg urea, 15 kilograms of soil conditioners, plough deeply 20 centimetres, make the furrow of 1.5 meters;
(2) breeding
A, grow seedlings: late March is to early April, select full seed, without the novel species of damage by disease and insect, by 500 times of immersion kinds of 50% carbendazol wettable powder 30 minutes, taking-up is cleaned and is dried with clear water, the warm water of again seed being put into 30 ℃ soaks 12 hours, pull seed out and install with cloth bag or gunnysack, be placed in 30 ℃ indoor 5 days, sooner or later use warm water shower 1 time every day; Before sowing, on the whole good furrow face of growing seedlings, open traverse furrow and carry out drilling, 18 centimetres of line-spacings, 9 centimetres of sown scopes, 4 centimetres of ditch depths, are sown into the seed of vernalization in ditch, every 667m
27 kilograms of seeding quantitys, lid rural area soil approximately 3 cm thicks, furrow cover straw heat and moisture preserving, broadcasts rear 7-10 days and emerges, and takes lid grass after emerging off, enhances field management;
B, transplanting: be portable spring winter to next year then, selecting robust growth, root mass are flourishing, top bud head is full art plants in the solution that immerses 750 times of 40% carbendazim glue suspension+75% mancozeb wettable powder and soaks 4 hours, before plantation, with Trichoderma harzianum, carry out field soil sterilization, then transplant land for growing field crops, plant and plant by planting art under distance between rows and hills 20 * 12cm, length of embedment 8cm, covers 3cm fine earth above, plants 10000 strains for every mu;
(3) field management
A, art plant the management on ground: after coming up, want timely weeding and by spacing in the rows 4-6 centimetre thinning, and the drought resisting of sooner or later watering, the growth later stage, as found bolting, should extract in time;
B, field management
1. intertill and clean tillage: diligent weeding, shallow loosening the soil;
2. fertilising: before and after buddingging, can topdress once, 667 square metres in 26 kilograms, 18 kilograms, ditch spread slowly-releasing potassium chloride in the ranks and ammonium phosphate, executes rear earthing, waters;
3. the draining of pouring water: ditching, reason ditch, draining in time after rain, late August root-like stock expand when bright, keep field moistening;
4. pluck flower bud: except 5~6 buds are stayed in the every strain of plant left to run to seed, all the other all will be extractd in good time, generally in mid-July~early August, divide and select fine day to extract 2~3 times;
5. lid is careless: July, high temperature season can spread on earth's surface the coverings such as one deck leaf, wheat bran, regulates ground temperature, and the bighead atractylodes rhizome is got over safely;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest by conventional method;
(5) gather and process art plantation and plant then, in late October, to mid-November, bighead atractylodes rhizome cauline leaf starts to carry out routine when withered and gathers.
The preparation method of slowly-releasing potassium chloride is:
(1) take perlite, sent into 820 ℃ of kiln roastings 4 hours, cooling after, then be ground into powder;
(2) in the crushed crude pearlite after roasting, add the potassium chloride solution that is equivalent to crushed crude pearlite weight 20%, allow it fully absorb, after liquid exhausts, add again the wintergreen that is equivalent to 1% times of crushed crude pearlite weight, 2% calgon, 1.0% dibutyl phthalate, 2% shitosan, 2% aluminium hydroxide, with the speed of 8000 revs/min, stir, obtain disperse phase, the concentration of potassium chloride solution is 35%;
(3) disperse phase is sprayed on potassium chloride particle by high pressure nozzle, then makes it round shaped grain rolling through rocking bed, then dry to obtain finished product through 55-65 ℃.
Soil conditioner by following weight (kilogram) component raw material preparation and obtain:
(1) by weight (kilogram) to take attapulgite 14, sugar beet pulp 8, vinegar grain 5, phosphorus ore slag 10, magnesium sulfate 3, potassium chloride 1, sodium molybdate 3, superphosphate 9, zinc sulphate 2, shrimp shell meal 11, nano-sized carbon 1, cinder 9, bamboo charcoal powder 14, shitosan 5, sepiolite powder 4, aluminium vanadine 2, quicklime 1, tea oil 2, wintergreen 3, borax 2, humic acid potassium 4, Silane coupling agent KH550 2, water appropriate;
(2) attapulgite, phosphorus ore slag, vinegar grain, bamboo charcoal powder, aluminium vanadine, tea oil are added suitable quantity of water mix, are smelt mud shape, be then pressed into piece, send into 480 ℃ of kiln roastings 4 hours, cooling after, then be ground into 1-2mm coarse grain; Potassium chloride being added to suitable quantity of water dissolves again, the coarse grain, nano-sized carbon, zinc sulphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium molybdate, humic acid potassium, borax, shitosan, sepiolite powder, the soybean oil that add again aforementioned gained, and other residual components mixing, fully stir granulation, oven dry.
Every 667 square metres are produced 500 kilograms of bighead atractylodes rhizome dry products.
By the inventive method plantation bighead atractylodes rhizome and conventional method, plant and carry out such as table 1.
Table 1
When the inventive method is planted the bighead atractylodes rhizome as can be seen from Table 1, output is high, and damage by disease and insect is few, and bighead atractylodes rhizome quality is high.
Claims (3)
1. an implantation methods for the bighead atractylodes rhizome, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) site preparation and fertilization
A, nursery should be selected middle fertility, draining is good, the subacidity sandy loam of ventilating cool, execute 2000 kilograms of farmyard manures for every 667 square metres, plough deeply cultivated, rake whole thin, spread the planting matrix of 10-15cm, remake the wide furrow of 1.2-1.3 rice, described planting matrix is made by the raw material of following weight portion: fallen leaves powder 15-20 becomes thoroughly decomposed, cushaw stem bits 10-15, green grass powder 10-12 becomes thoroughly decomposed, coconut shell flour 8-12, the dry cow dung 10-15 of fermentation, peat soil 8-10, rice bran 5-6, peanut meal 4-5, citric acid 1-2, vermiculite 5-6, manganese mud 8-12, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3, ammonium chloride 3-4, superphosphate 2-4, rural area soil 9-12, quicklime 4-5,
B, land for growing field crops should select not plant for 5 years the bighead atractylodes rhizome fertile, ventilate, nice and cool, well-drained sandy loam, execute farmyard manure 1000-1500 kilogram for every 667 square metres, join and execute 30-40 kilogram of superphosphate, 10-15 kilogram slowly-releasing potassium chloride, 10-12 kg urea, soil conditioner 10-15 kilogram, plough deeply 20 centimetres, make the furrow of 1.0-1.5 rice;
(2) breeding
A, grow seedlings: late March is to early April, select full seed, without the novel species of damage by disease and insect, by 500 times of immersion kinds of 50% carbendazol wettable powder 30 minutes, taking-up is cleaned and is dried with clear water, the warm water of again seed being put into 25-30 ℃ soaks 12 hours, pull seed out and install with cloth bag or gunnysack, be placed in the indoor 4-5 days of 25-30 ℃, sooner or later use warm water shower 1 time every day; Before sowing, on the whole good furrow face of growing seedlings, open traverse furrow and carry out drilling, line-spacing 15-20 centimetre, sown scope 7-10 centimetre, ditch depth 3-5 centimetre, is sown into the seed of vernalization in ditch, every 667m
2seeding quantity 5-8 kilogram, lid rural area soil approximately 3 cm thicks, furrow cover straw heat and moisture preserving, every 667 square metres with kind of a 5-7 kilogram, broadcast rear 7-10 days and emerge, after emerging, take lid grass off, enhance field management;
B, transplanting: be portable spring winter to next year then, selecting robust growth, root mass are flourishing, top bud head is full art plants in the solution that immerses 750 times of 40% carbendazim glue suspension+75% mancozeb wettable powder and soaks 4 hours, before plantation, with Trichoderma harzianum, carry out field soil sterilization, then transplant land for growing field crops, plant and plant by planting art under distance between rows and hills (18-24) * 12cm, length of embedment 6~9cm, covers 2-3cm fine earth above, every mu of 10000~12000 strains of density;
(3) field management
A, art plant the management on ground: after coming up, want timely weeding and by spacing in the rows 4-6 centimetre thinning, and the drought resisting of sooner or later watering, the growth later stage, as found bolting, should extract in time;
B, field management
1. intertill and clean tillage: diligent weeding, shallow loosening the soil;
2. fertilising: before and after buddingging, can topdress once, 667 square metres in 15-20 kilogram, ditch spread slowly-releasing potassium chloride in the ranks and ammonium phosphate 25-30 kilogram, executes rear earthing, waters;
3. the draining of pouring water: ditching, reason ditch, draining in time after rain, late August root-like stock expand when bright, keep field moistening;
4. pluck flower bud: except 5~6 buds are stayed in the every strain of plant left to run to seed, all the other all will be extractd in good time, generally in mid-July~early August, divide and select fine day to extract 2~3 times;
5. lid is careless: July, high temperature season can spread on earth's surface the coverings such as one deck leaf, wheat bran, regulates ground temperature, makes bighead atractylodes rhizome over summering;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest by conventional method;
(5) gather and process art plantation and plant then, in late October, to mid-November, bighead atractylodes rhizome cauline leaf starts to carry out routine when withered and gathers.
2. the implantation methods of the bighead atractylodes rhizome according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the preparation method of described slowly-releasing potassium chloride is:
(1) take perlite, sent into 800-850 ℃ of kiln roasting 4-5 hour, cooling after, then be ground into powder;
(2) in the crushed crude pearlite after roasting, add the potassium chloride solution that is equivalent to crushed crude pearlite weight 15-20%, allow it fully absorb, after liquid exhausts, add again and be equivalent to crushed crude pearlite weight 1-2% wintergreen doubly, the shitosan of the calgon of 2-3%, 0.5-1.0% dibutyl phthalate, 1-2%, 2-3% aluminium hydroxide, with the speed of 8000-10000 rev/min, stir, obtain disperse phase, the concentration of potassium chloride solution is 30-40%;
(3) disperse phase is sprayed on potassium chloride particle by high pressure nozzle, then makes it when round shaped grain rolls to stick humus powder through rocking bed, then dry to obtain finished product through 55-65 ℃.
3. the implantation methods of the bighead atractylodes rhizome according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described soil conditioner is by the component raw material preparation of following weight portion and obtain:
(1) take by weight attapulgite 12-15, sugar beet pulp 6-8, vinegar grain 5-7, phosphorus ore slag 10-12, magnesium sulfate 2-3, potassium chloride 1-2, sodium molybdate 2-3, superphosphate 8-10, zinc sulphate 2-3, shrimp shell meal 10-12, nano-sized carbon 1-2, cinder 8-10, bamboo charcoal powder 12-15, shitosan 4-6, sepiolite powder 4-6, aluminium vanadine 2-3, quicklime 1-2, tea oil 2-3, wintergreen 3-4, borax 2-3, humic acid potassium 3-4, Silane coupling agent KH550 1-2, water appropriate;
(2) attapulgite, phosphorus ore slag, vinegar grain, bamboo charcoal powder, aluminium vanadine, tea oil are added suitable quantity of water mix, are smelt mud shape, be then pressed into piece, send into 450-500 ℃ of kiln roasting 4-5 hour, cooling after, then be ground into 1-2mm coarse grain; Potassium chloride being added to suitable quantity of water dissolves again, the coarse grain, nano-sized carbon, zinc sulphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium molybdate, humic acid potassium, borax, shitosan, sepiolite powder, the soybean oil that add again aforementioned gained, and other residual components mixing, fully stir granulation, oven dry.
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CN103931405A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-23 | 璧山县春雷苗木有限公司 | Planting method of Chinese herbal medicine atractylodes |
CN104429510A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-25 | 安徽省龙海种业有限公司 | Seedling cultivating method for larches |
CN105123218A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-09 | 莫玲 | Atractylodes macrocephala koidz planting method |
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CN103931405A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-23 | 璧山县春雷苗木有限公司 | Planting method of Chinese herbal medicine atractylodes |
CN104429510A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-25 | 安徽省龙海种业有限公司 | Seedling cultivating method for larches |
CN105123218A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-09 | 莫玲 | Atractylodes macrocephala koidz planting method |
CN105254450A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-01-20 | 防城港市万景林业有限公司 | Special planting humus soil for beautiful millettia roots and morinda officinalis |
CN105557253A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 安徽省康君食品有限公司 | Planting method of largehead atractylodes rhizome |
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