CN103922846A - Saline-alkali soil improvement method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil improvement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement method. The saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps: a step I of leveling and cultivating, wherein the saline-alkali soil is firstly leveled and then deeply cultivated by 40 centimeters by virtue of deep-ploughing machinery; after being diluted by 100 times with water, green manure nutrient liquor brewed by a three-in-one leavening agent is used for irrigation; a step II of applying fertilizer and cultivating, wherein aeolian sandy soil easily obtained locally is uniformly scattered on the surface of primarily leveled and cultivated soil; a step III of preparing rectangular pieces of land in a field and planting, wherein planting ridge rectangular pieces of land in the field are designed and manufactured; a step IV of subsequently governing, wherein measures of not using fertilizers and substances which are not chemically synthesized in early-stage, middle-stage and later-stage filed management processes after the plants are planted, not watering and uninterruptedly irrigating the green manure nutrient liquor are taken. The saline-alkali soil improvement method disclosed by the invention can be used for strengthening soil fertility, and changing physical and chemical properties and microbial activity of the soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agrotechnique, particularly relate to a kind of saline and alkali land improvement method.
Background technology
Salting of soil is a global difficult problem, approximately nearly 1,000,000,000 hectares of whole world saline soil area, and China has 9,913 ten thousand hectares, is roughly equal to 14.7 hundred million mu, and nearly more than 100 cities, the whole nation are seated range of distribution, saltings.Agricultural plough nearly 500,000,000 mu of the underproduction, the abandoned land that cause because of salinification, mainly concentrate on North China, northwest and northeast arid and semi-arid lands.In addition in cultivation process, excessively use for a long time chemical fertilizer, cause soil secondary salinization aggravation, harden serious, salinization, alkali-affected soil are constantly expanded.
Exhale in the Inner Mongol, 4,745 ten thousand mu of bag, Hubei Province area salinization land areas, due to the irrationality of land use, every year also constantly increase again and expand with 5% of total area under cultivation, saline and alkaline harm cause a large amount of in, low-yield land and peasant's poverty status, make big area soil resource be difficult to utilize.In decades, people has thrown in country a large amount of manpowers, financial resources and material resources transformation salinity ground, but be still difficult to suppress the salinification problem in soil.
Saltings, desert ground, as a kind of non-renewable land resources, have 80% not yet to be utilized in China, and the exploitation in big area salt marsh wasteland and the saliferous control of Irrigated Area Soils will be the important channel that solves 21 century China's 1,600,000,000 population food problems.Therefore, research and standardized method and the Technical Management System of implementing to administer the ground science practicality of improvement saltings, desert, simple and easy to do, effective cheapness, to Agriculture Production, management of national land, ecological environmental protections etc. are extremely important.
Current domestic improvement saltings technology has been summed up: 1. physically improved: level land, deep plough sun the earth which has been ploughed up, loosen the soil in time, raise landform, microcell is improved the soil; 2. hydro project improvement: irrigation and drainage are supporting, storage fresh water on saline alkali land for leaching, washing salinity by irrigation, underground salt discharge; 3. chemical modifying: gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium superphosphate, detritus acid, peat, acid-sludge etc.; 4. biological modification: rice cultivation, plantation salt-tolerant plant sesbania or plantation Salt And Alkali Tolerance trees etc.In a word, from the current domestic saline and alkali land improvement method generally adopting, mainly exist that Meteorological is high, improved speed is slow, 3-5 just can take effect, and is difficult to the problems such as all-round popularization.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of saline and alkali land improvement method, and it strengthens culture fertility, changes soil physico-chemical property and microorganism active.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by following technical proposals: a kind of saline and alkali land improvement method, it is characterized in that, and described saline and alkali land improvement method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, smooth farming step, first saltings is carried out smooth, then 40 centimeters of dark plough machinery deep ploughings; By the green manure nutritive medium of brewageing through three-in-one starter, with watering after 100 times of water dilutions;
Step 2, fertilising farming step, is first sprinkling upon on the soil surface of first smooth farming equably with the local aeolian sandy soil of easily obtaining, and consumption is 20 cubic metres of 0.07 hectares; And then salt affected soil is improved to dedicated substrate be sprinkling upon equably on aeolian sandy soil surface, consumption is 15 cubic metres of 0.07 hectares; Finally by the continuous farming twice of rotary cultivator, 20 centimeters of the degree of depth; After diluting with 80 times of water of green manure nutritive medium again after above-mentioned operation completes, water, need afterwards to increase soil fertility 7 day time;
Step 3, whole furrow field planting step, completes on the basis of the first two step, designs and produces plantation ridge furrow, and ridge furrow height is that 45 centimeters, width are 60 centimeters; Furrow width is 25 centimeters, after ridge furrow complete, after again green manure nutritive medium being diluted with 60 times of water, waters, and then increases soil fertility after 3 days, just can implement seedling definite value;
Step 4, follow-up improvement step, in order to prevent the rise of the higher and soil alkaline composition of water quality pH value, avoids the bounce-back of salt alkali concn, affects the normal growth of plant; In early stage, mid-term after plant fixing, field management in late period process, take not use fertilizer and the material of chemosynthesis, do not water sky water, regularly the measure of uninterrupted pouring green manure nutritive medium.
Preferably, the irrigation amount of described step 4 is: seedling is diluted with water to 150-200 doubly; Growth is diluted with water to 100-120 doubly mid-term; Be diluted with water to 70-80 the best fruiting period doubly.
Preferably, described saline and alkali land improvement method uses salt affected soil improvement dedicated substrate formula and manufacturing technology technique.
Preferably, described saline and alkali land improvement method uses the Nutrious fermented agent prescription of green manure and brewing technique technique.
Positive progressive effect of the present invention is: one, under original on the spot edatope condition, improve, do not take high ridging, wash the modes such as saline and alkaline, but take microbiological comprehensive technology and degraded mode, embody the functional characteristics that improvement time is short, the speed that takes effect is fast, easy and simple to handle, practicality is cheap.Two, after soil improvement, organic high, comprehensive nutrition, microorganism active are good, and soil technology index, meets Organic food soil cultivation land occupation condition.Three, the soil after improvement is planted better and better, can not rebound, and can not cause soil, underground water and environmental pollution.Four, making, practical is easily obtained, is convenient to improvement material used.
Embodiment
Provide preferred embodiment of the present invention below, to describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail.
Saline and alkali land improvement method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Step 1, smooth farming step, first saltings is carried out smooth, then 40 centimeters of dark plough machinery deep ploughings.By the green manure nutritive medium of brewageing through three-in-one starter, with watering after 100 times of water dilutions.Its objective is organic acid, amount of nutrients and biological bacteria by green manure nutritive medium, tentatively adjust pH value and the EC value of saline-alkali soil, increase soil nutrient amount and microorganism active;
Step 2, fertilising farming step, is first sprinkling upon on the soil surface of first smooth farming equably with the local aeolian sandy soil of easily obtaining, and consumption is 20 cubic metres of 0.07 hectares; And then salt affected soil is improved to dedicated substrate be sprinkling upon equably on aeolian sandy soil surface, consumption is 15 cubic metres of 0.07 hectares; Finally by the continuous farming twice of rotary cultivator, 20 centimeters of the degree of depth.After diluting with 80 times of water of green manure nutritive medium again after above-mentioned operation completes, water, need afterwards to increase soil fertility 7 day time.Its object: the one,, the increase soil organism, various nutritive ingredient and beneficial element, for biological flora existence, breeding and expansion, create favorable conditions, and acceleration change soil is the process to slaking by the dried rhizome of rehmannia; The 2nd,, the effect of organic acid and functional flora by green manure nutritive medium, further decomposes and has reduced soil pH value and free Ca
2+concentration.The 3rd,, substantially change soil physics, chemical property, make the edatope all technicals such as soil aggregate, macroporsity, little voidage, water holding capacity, volume to weight ratio, amount of nutrients, microorganism active, pH value, reach plant growing condition;
Step 3, whole furrow definite value step, completes on the basis of the first two step, designs and produces plantation ridge furrow, and ridge furrow height is that 45 centimeters, width are 60 centimeters; Furrow width is 25 centimeters, after ridge furrow complete, after again green manure nutritive medium being diluted with 60 times of water, waters, and then increases soil fertility after 3 days, just can implement seedling definite value;
Step 4, follow-up improvement step, in order to prevent the rise of the higher and soil alkaline composition of water quality pH value, avoids the bounce-back of salt alkali concn, affects the normal growth of plant.In early stage, mid-term after plant fixing, field management in late period process, take not use fertilizer and the material of chemosynthesis, do not water sky water, regularly the measure of uninterrupted pouring green manure nutritive medium.Irrigation amount is: seedling is diluted with water to 150-200 doubly; Growth is diluted with water to 100-120 doubly mid-term; Be diluted with water to 70-80 the best fruiting period doubly.
Facts have proved through plantation, according to above-mentioned technological line and working routine, not only can reach the effect of this season improvement, this season plantation, this season results completely, and in planting process, stress resistance of plant, diseases and insect pests resistance obviously strengthen, plant strain growth is vigorous, the dark leaf of root is numerous, the straight leaf of stem is green, completely filled fruit, fruit type even, color and luster is vivid, mouthfeel is pure, it is of fine quality to get bumper crops.
The present invention uses salt affected soil improvement dedicated substrate formula and manufacturing technology technique, and it specifically comprises the following steps: (1) composition of raw materials is selected: the sheep barnyard manure that utilize that local reserves are many, easy exploiting, taste is high, rabbit barnyard manure, ox barnyard manure, brown coal (humic acids), the tankage (this raw material be acidity) of bio-pharmaceuticals factory using corn as raw material are as improveing salt affected soil fertilizer dedicated substrate formula material.(2) fermentation technique technique: select RM ferment excellent species, by directed, quantitatively, cultivate and expand, utilize solar power-generating facility and device, adopt aerobic fermentation technical matters, organic materials is thoroughly fermented and is become thoroughly decomposed.Select EM complex function bacterial classification after cultivating and expanding and mix with the organic materials fermenting, accumulation ageing 20 days, changes into high-quality biological organic fertilizer.Its technical indicator is: organic 50%, humic acids 22%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient 6%, pH value 6.5, microorganism active 5000-6000 ten thousand/gram, contain the beneficial elements such as a certain amount of amino acid, protein and various in, trace element, belong to comprehensive bio-organic fertilizer.(3) compounded technology technique: select the local desulfurated plaster of easily obtaining and zeolite as auxiliary material, mix with biological organic fertilizer.Mixing ratio is: desulfurated plaster 15%, zeolite 25%, biological organic fertilizer 60%.As salt affected soil improvement fertilizer dedicated substrate.Main characteristic and the effect of salt affected soil improvement dedicated substrate formula and manufacturing technology technique: 1. this fertilizer dedicated substrate contains the essential macronutrient of plant: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, moderate-element: Calcium Magnesium Sulphur and trace element: iron, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, boron etc., nutrient is complete, is complete manure.Particularly contain the available potassium of available nitrogen and the 1.65-2.09% of 1.26-2.49%, this is that other fertilizer is rare.Can improve and supplementary alkaline land soil amount of nutrients as land reform special fertilizer comprehensively.2. this fertilizer dedicated substrate contains 50% organic matter, 22% humic acids and a large amount of broad variety functional biological Microfloras reach 5,000 ten thousand/gram, be used for improveing salt affected soil, can significantly improve the soil organism and activated humic acid content, improve quantity and the activity of microorganism, and then improve soil physical properties, chemical property comprehensively, increase soil fertility comprehensively.3. this fertilizer dedicated substrate contains a certain amount of VITAMIN, and hormone, enzyme, growth hormone, folic acid etc., except can Promoting plant growth, also can improve stress resistance of plant significantly, strengthen plant disease-resistant, insect resistance capacity.4. in this fertilizer dedicated substrate, be rich in humic acid and a certain proportion of desulfurated plaster and zeolite, humic acids, desulfurated plaster and zeolite have adsorptive power by force and the feature of selective adsorption to saline and alkaline and heavy metal, and this fertilizer has obvious attenuation effect to saline and alkaline and heavy metal contamination.
The present invention also uses the Nutrious fermented agent prescription of green manure and brewing technique technique, specifically comprise the following steps: the Nutrious fermented agent prescription of (1) three-in-one green manure: this formula is the technical patent of this technological invention person independent research, its formula combination is: 1. select in photosynthetic bacterial classification, lactobacillus inoculation, yeast, unwrapping wire bacterial classification, by rejuvenation, expansion and composite, make green manure " complex function enzymatic microorganism "; 2. select the combination of the beneficiating ingredient such as cane molasses and multiple amino acids, make the main nutrient composition " compound molasses nutritive medium " for flora Growth and Reproduction is provided; 3. select the multiple nutritional components combinations such as bone meal, bean powder, fish meal, calcium lactate, make for the indispensable animals and plants of flora Growth and Reproduction " conjugated protein element " are provided.4. " composite enzyme bacterium ", " compound liquid molasses " and " conjugated protein element " are combined into microorganism green manure starter nutrient combo.5. this technological core theme is to utilize fresh green plants system to make green manure.Green plants body not only has the characteristic of full nutrition, and contains abundant chlorophyll, VITAMIN and sensitization element.By with " composite enzyme bacterium ", " compound liquid molasses " and " conjugated protein element " rationally, scientific combination, enter biological fermentation program.Under the strong Decomposition of microbial function bacterium, generate solubility water-fertilizer integral multifunctional nutrient liquid.(2) green manure brewing technique technique: 1. material choice: feedstock capture can be suited measures to local conditions, weeds, herbage that selection contains chlorophyll, fiber softening, also can select the tankage of various raise crops, the thick and rape section plant of the leaves such as such as black salted turnip, radish, cauliflower leaf.In situation with good conditionsi, variation utilizes various fresh highland barley plant bodies as far as possible, can ask for like this nutritive ingredient and characteristic that various plants is different.Preferably can add a certain proportion of pulse family class green plants body (such as Alfalfa etc.), no matter select what kind plant materials, must be green fresh better.2. selection of container: greenhouse, greenhouse gardening are preferably selected large mouthful of metal bucket, the plastic tank etc. of 200 liters, as fermentation container.Greenhouse or booth are equipped with two for well, and one ferments rear this season and uses, and another fermentation is stand-by, ensures uninterrupted continuous use.Land for growing field crops agricultural can, according to cultivated area, be built simple and easy fermentation vat at the edge of a field, large I is determined according to consumption.3. making method: the first step, after in Nutrious fermented three-in-one green manure dose, " composite fermentation liquid ", " compound liquid molasses " and " conjugated protein element " stir with 30 liter clear water amount dilutions, drop in green manure fermenting container, need to infiltrate 12 hours, play activating microorganisms flora object.Second step, after the fresh green plant materials choosing is cleaned, is cut into the segment of 5～10 centimeters, be put in container and depress gently, till being pressed onto 80% degree of container, in the most backward container, fill clear water, cover can not be ventilative sealing cover, seal with adhesive tape.The 3rd step, Nutrious fermented dose of three-in-one green manure and highland barley plant body are under hermetic state, temperature is controlled between 5 DEG C-40 DEG C, after the fermentation time of 18-20, opening bung water liquid becomes dark green, the decomposition that all comes off of green plants body, smell is green grass perfume (or spice), can reach use standard.The 4th step, importantly during the fermentation, keep clean operation, can not infiltrate objectionable impurities and excessive miscellaneous bacteria, in order to avoid cause green manure to pollute; More can not add the chemical substance such as microbiotic and agricultural chemicals, avoid causing the injury to beneficial flora in green manure, affect green manure quality and effect.The 5th step, after fermentation 18-20 days, pulls plant residue to be used as compost out.The blue or green juice stoste of taking out, according to the each growth phase nutritional needs of plant, is diluted to certain proportion with clear water, uses as the fertilising of rushing of saline-alkali soil conditioner.Characteristic and the effect of the Nutrious fermented agent prescription of green manure and brewing technique technique: through Nutrious fermented dose of green manure of brewageing of three-in-one green manure, not only there are comprehensive nutrition, many, the active high characteristics of quantity of useful microbe, especially after fermenting by microorganism, what generate plants source thing microorganism organic acid, to comprehensive pH value, inhibition and degraded EC value have extraordinary effect.Therefore, this technological invention is by Nutrious fermented dose of green manure of brewageing of the three-in-one green manure of process, as core saline-alkali soil conditioner.Its characteristic and effect: the one,, the green manure nutritive medium of brewageing through three-in-one starter, not only contain a large amount of various active function beneficial floras, and be rich in multiple beneficial element and big or middle, the micro-nutrient compositions such as organic matter, protein, amino acid, xanthohumic acid; Green plants body contains abundant chlorophyll, photopigment and multivitamin.Diversification beneficial element and multiple nutritional components are organically combined, decompose, change into unique water-fertilizer integral green manure nutritive medium by microorganism.The needed beneficial element of plant, nutritive ingredient and active probiotic are in green manure, and the particularly over-all peace of embodiment weighs, and this is that other fertilizer does not possess with incomparable.The 2nd,, after tested, its nutrient content of green manure nutritive medium is: decompose organic matter more than 50%, instant organonitrogen 4～4.5%, instant organophosphorus 2.5～3.%, instant organic potassium 3.5%～4%, active probiotic 0.8-1 hundred million/gram.The multiple beneficial elements such as rich in proteins, amino acid, xanthohumic acid, chlorophyll, sensitization element, contain calcium, magnesium, sulphur, zinc, iron, boron, and in silicon, copper, molybdenum, selenium etc., trace element, is complete manure.The 3rd,, green manure nutritive medium enters after salt affected soil with organic acid form, can accelerate soil colloid buffering reaction and soil colloid metabolism.Regulating soil pH value simultaneously, by biological complexing, replacement(metathesis)reaction, effectively remove Na+ ion unnecessary on soil granular, in activation salt affected soil, be difficult to P, the Fe, Ca, Mg plasma and the trace element that utilize, it is changed into and can utilize state to be absorbed by plants, remove plant physiology nutritional deficiency symptom.By reducing Na+ ion, after activation Ca, Mg ion, can make soil water conducting energy (HC) increase simultaneously, soil moisture is more easily flowed, thereby improved crop root environment, promoted root growth, make plant can be after improvement normal growth on saltings.The 4th,, green manure nutritive medium acts on after salt affected soil, can effectively reduce pH in Rhizosphere and the free Ca of rhizosphere
2+concentration.The biological effectiveness that has simultaneously improved soil phosphorus, iron and trace element, makes plant can make full use of the element such as indissoluble phosphorus, iron of different shape in soil; Improve adaptability and the cell physiological function of plant self to salt affected soil, enzyme activity in activated plant body, induction and promotion root system progressively adapt to meta-alkali environment.The 5th,, green manure nutritive medium is applied after salt affected soil, can effectively adjust SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN ratio, sodium calcium ratio, promote that sodium ion is activity stabilized.Be applicable to be subject to the He Xin land reclamation, farmland of saline and alkaline infringement, utilize in Organo-bio-polymer complexing soil and become salt ion, take salinity to depth of soils with irrigation water, fall alkali desalination, removed rapidly the toxic action of salinity to crop.The 6th,, green manure nutritive medium contains a large amount of organic matters and rich in protein, humic acids, amino acid, and chlorophillins, VITAMIN, organized enzyme and various trace element.If green manure nutritive medium uninterruptedly can be applied to salt affected soil, not only can increase the gas permeability of soil, promote well developed root system, control saline and alkaline rise, but also can further increase soil nutrient composition and microorganism active, ensure plant health growth.The 7th,, green manure nutritive medium can effectively improve the soil organism and microorganism active, obviously improves soil physico-chemical property and crumb structure.Facts have proved, use continuously after green manure, soil is fluffy deliquescing progressively, executes water permeate enhancing, water-retentivity raising, and nutrient discharges equilibrium, preserves lastingly.Can effectively adjust the big or small porosity of soil, improve water holding capacity, reduce EC value, equilibrated ph value, effectively improve ecological environment of soil system, ensure plant health growth, really accomplish soil improvement and increase soil fertility to develop simultaneously.
Above-described specific embodiment; technical problem, technical scheme and beneficial effect to solution of the present invention further describe; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a saline and alkali land improvement method, is characterized in that, described saline and alkali land improvement method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, smooth farming step, first saltings is carried out smooth, then 40 centimeters of dark plough machinery deep ploughings; By the green manure nutritive medium of brewageing through three-in-one starter, with watering after 100 times of water dilutions;
Step 2, fertilising farming step, is first sprinkling upon on the soil surface of first smooth farming equably with local acquired aeolian sandy soil, and consumption is 20 cubic metres of 0.07 hectares; And then salt affected soil is improved to dedicated substrate be sprinkling upon equably on aeolian sandy soil surface, consumption is 15 cubic metres of 0.07 hectares; Finally by the continuous farming twice of rotary cultivator, 20 centimeters of the degree of depth; After diluting with 80 times of water of green manure nutritive medium again after above-mentioned operation completes, water, need afterwards to increase soil fertility 7 day time;
Step 3, whole furrow definite value step, completes on the basis of the first two step, designs and produces plantation ridge furrow, and ridge furrow height is that 45 centimeters, width are 60 centimeters; Furrow width is 25 centimeters, after ridge furrow complete, after again green manure nutritive medium being diluted with 60 times of water, waters, and then increases soil fertility after 3 days, just can implement planting seedlings;
Step 4, follow-up improvement step, in order to prevent the rise of the higher and soil alkaline composition of water quality pH value, avoids the bounce-back of salt alkali concn, affects the normal growth of plant; In early stage, mid-term after plant fixing, field management in late period process, take not use fertilizer and the material of chemosynthesis, do not water sky water, regularly the measure of uninterrupted pouring green manure nutritive medium.
2. saline and alkali land improvement method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the irrigation amount of described step 4 is: seedling is diluted with water to 150-200 doubly; Growth is diluted with water to 100-120 doubly mid-term; Be diluted with water to 70-80 the best fruiting period doubly.
3. saline and alkali land improvement method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described saline and alkali land improvement method uses salt affected soil improvement dedicated substrate formula and manufacturing technology technique.
4. saline and alkali land improvement method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described saline and alkali land improvement method uses the Nutrious fermented agent prescription of green manure and brewing technique technique.
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