CN104322311B - A kind of hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance - Google Patents
A kind of hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance Download PDFInfo
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- CN104322311B CN104322311B CN201410651194.1A CN201410651194A CN104322311B CN 104322311 B CN104322311 B CN 104322311B CN 201410651194 A CN201410651194 A CN 201410651194A CN 104322311 B CN104322311 B CN 104322311B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance, raw material is by weight ratio: water content is less than 50 parts-60 parts of 10% agricultural crop straws; Water content is less than 21 parts-30 parts of 10% animal wastes; 13 parts-20 parts of medium carriers; 1 part-2 parts of matrix synergist; Described matrix synergist is made up of the component of following quality percentage composition: nitrolim accounts for 65%-75%; Calcium superphosphate 15%-25%; Sodium metasilicate accounts for 7%-9%; Boron and zinc account for 0.5%-1.5%; Biologically active microbial inoculum 0.5%-1.5%, described biologically active microbial inoculum is selected from one or several in bacillus subtilis, facultative anaerobe and agricultural photosynthetic bacteria, and above raw material is obtained to hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance after three fermentation process of compost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seedling raising ground substance technical field, be specifically related to hybrid paddy rice (containing super hybridization rice) vinyl disc seedling (containing hard disk,Floppy disk) special seedling raising ground substance, be especially suitable for and cultivate assorted that sowing is even, seedling quality is good, the few and slotting rear survival rate of sowing quantity is highHand over rice mechanization high speed rice transplanting rice shoot.
Background technology
Conventional Rice machine transplanting of rice floppy disk seedling sowing quantity is high, and Honda sowing quantity reaches 3～5kg/667m2(semilate rice is 3kg, early rice 5kg),By 30, dish for every mu of conventional Middle Rice, the application rate of each dish reaches 100g/ dish, is equivalent to conventional land for growing field crops seedling planting amount410.5kg/ mu (667m2); Calculate by mass of 1000 kernel 22g, close 4545.5/dish, by the area 1624cm of every dish2Calculate, close everycm22.8 of premature rice, therefore sowing is more extensive, can be full by totally broadcasting easily, but inhomogeneous, there is " high heap ", also have " low nest ",Emerge very rich, but seedling quality very poor (silk thread seedling and silk thread root) mainly relies on dense planting slightly to insert and realizes high and stable yields (in routine5 × 7 cun of rice transplanting specifications, i.e. 16.7 × 23.3cm, 1.71 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants/mus); Do not conform to completely with the agriculture requirement of hybrid paddy rice.
Hybrid paddy rice (containing super hybridization rice) seed preciousness, price is high, and every mu of Honda sowing quantity is only 1/5～1/ of conventional Rice10, the strong seedling thin planting of main dependence is sent out tiller and is realized high and stable yields (5 × 9 cun of conventional Middle Rice transplanting specifications, i.e. 16.7 × 30cm, 1.33Ten thousand root and stem of certain plants/mus). Therefore, cultivate less, rare, even, strong dish (hard, the floppy disk) seedling of moulding become and realized hybrid paddy rice (containing super hybridization rice) rice transplantingThe bottleneck of mechanization.
Existing commodity seedling medium, multiplex peat, perlite, paddy as Horticultural (containing vegetables, flowers, woods fruit)The formulated special nutritional materials of composting material such as chaff, shell, dry branches and fallen leaves, be conducive to emerge and full stand and healthy seedling, and can be spyCultivating and growing under fixed condition. But peat (being the peat composed of rotten mosses, natural humus), perlite are non-renewable resources, valency not only on marketLattice are higher and supply is limited. Hybrid rice seedling (seedling) matrix wide application, requirement is large especially, and above-mentioned gardening is usedMatrix output is few and smart expensive, (Rice Cropping industry) also counterpart not on cereal crops.
Though also some institution of higher learning in all parts of the country or scientific research institutions have developed rice seedling raising ground substance with relevant business tie-up,But all there is its limitation. Some seedling raising ground substance raw material dullnesses, as: wormcast matrix, water hyacinth matrix, Walnut shell medium, flatMushroom (edible mushroom) waste matrix, manioc waste matrix etc.; Some seedling raising ground substance waste residues are too many, fluffy unreal, and easily cause machinery to damageWound, as: agriculture refuse (stalk is main) soilless substrate; What have easily forms agglomerate, as organic matter and mud composite interstitial substance; Some nutrientsIncomplete, as rich selenium soilless substrate; Some nutrient densities are too high, and the conventional Rice that is only applicable to having is grown seedlings, etc., really can be adapted toThe seedling raising ground substance of hybrid rice machine transplanting of rice plate seedling raising is difficult to screening. After often purchasing " finished product ", also need again to process, improve, abilityMake it to be suitable for mechanization seedling and the rice transplanting requirement of hybrid paddy rice (containing super hybridization rice).
The plate seedling raising matrix of the applicable hybrid paddy rice mechanization seedling of research and development is significant.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the invention is to research and develop a kind of seedling base of applicable hybrid paddy rice mechanization seedlingMatter, this seedling raising ground substance comprehensive nutrition, is applicable to hybrid paddy rice mechanization seedling, paddy seeds is emerged and take root soon, and planting percent is high, seedlingSeedling stalwartness.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance, raw material is by weight ratio:
Water content is less than 50 parts-60 parts of 10% agricultural crop straws;
Water content is less than 21 parts-30 parts of 10% animal wastes;
13 parts-20 parts of medium carriers;
1 part-2 parts of matrix synergist;
Wherein, described matrix synergist is made up of the component of following quality percentage composition: nitrolim accounts for 65%-75%; CrossCalcium phosphate 15%-25%; Sodium metasilicate accounts for 7%-9%; Boron and zinc account for 0.5%-1.5%; Biologically active microbial inoculum 0.5%-1.5%, each component matterAmount percentage composition sum is 100%; Described biologically active microbial inoculum is selected from bacillus subtilis, facultative anaerobe and agricultural photosynthetic thinOne or several in bacterium;
Preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) by above-mentioned weight portion proportioning, by crops stalk crushing, mixed with other raw material except agricultural photosynthetic bacteriaClose and stir, Ban Bianpen natural pond, limit water, water total amount is no more than 25% of raw material gross mass, and agricultural crop straw raw material is reachedThe 70%-80% of large water-holding capacity is advisable, and obtains mixture;
(2) by described step (1) mixture compost, with plastic sheeting for farm use covering, stack retting ferments for 20～30 days, and heap center is the highestTemperature is advisable at 60 DEG C-65 DEG C;
(3) after step (2) completes, then carry out turning, inside and outsidely evenly stir up and down, unputrefied raw material is translated in heapThe heart, keeps humidity between 15%-20%, adds biologically active microbial inoculum in turning, controls pH value between 5.5-7.5,Then compost, covers, and ferments for the second time, controls heap center maximum temperature and is advisable at 25 DEG C-35 DEG C, ferments 15～20 days;
(4) after step (3) completes, then carry out turning, compost again, covers, and ferments for the third time, controls heap centerHigh-temperature is advisable at 25 DEG C-35 DEG C, ferments 15～20 days.
Preferred version: the particle diameter of described medium carrier is between 0.01～2mm.
Preferred version: described medium carrier is one or more in dry fine earth, silt and vermiculite.
Further preferred version: described medium carrier consists of by weight: 10 ~ 15 parts of dry fine earth or silts, vermiculite 3~ 5 parts.
Preferred version: described animal wastes are one or more in pig manure, chicken manure and cow dung. Further preferred version:Described animal wastes consist of by weight: pig manure 12-15 part, chicken manure 6-10 part, cow dung 3-5 part.
Preferred version: described matrix synergist is made up of the component of following quality percentage composition: nitrolim accounts for 70%; CrossCalcium phosphate 20%; Sodium metasilicate accounts for 8%; Boron and zinc account for 1%; Biologically active microbial inoculum 1%.
Below the present invention is further explained and is illustrated:
Described medium carrier: dry fine earth (particle diameter 0.01～2mm not etc., laterite, loess, brown soil etc., raw, mellow soil is all gone,Can be used as adhesive. Silt, i.e. mud fine sand, increases refreshing water gas permeability. Vermiculite has good cation exchange and suctionAttached property, improves gas permeability and the property of water-bearing, can improve structure, and water storage soil moisture conservation, plays cushioning effect, and fertilizer is slowly released in mediumPut, vermiculite also can provide the element such as Mn, Cu, Zn of K, the Mg, Ca, Fe and the trace that self contain.
Described matrix synergist: nitrolim, i.e. lime nitrogen, is efficient soil sterilants, the intermediate product list of its decompositionCyanamide and dicyandiamide all have sterilization, deinsectization, diseases prevention, prevent bacterial wilt, damping-off, kill subterranean pest-insect and root-knot nematode etc.Effect, noresidue, free from environmental pollution, fertilizer efficiency is permanent, also can acid adjustment, have concurrently replenish the calcium, the multiple work such as nitrogen pick-up, raising fermentation heap temperatureWith; Also increase calcium superphosphate, can be considered " phosphorization calcium tonic "; Waterglass, i.e. sodium metasilicate, paddy rice is happiness silicon crop, siliceous fertilizer both canMake fertilizer, nutrient is provided, can make again soil conditioner, improvement soil, also has that strong strain consolidates concurrently, a work of diseases prevention, insect protected and attenuationWith; Micro-fertilizer such as zinc boron manganese, have sharp seedling and encourage the effect of urging tiller.
Biologically active microbial inoculum, as bacillus subtilis, facultative anaerobe, agricultural photosynthetic bacteria etc., promotion fermentation or sterilization,Go out evil, the pollution of purifying waste water, generate useful growth factor.
Medium carrier of the present invention all carries out section at aspects such as raw material composition, nutrition arrangement, processing art, physicochemical propertiesHuas and synthesization design and research, reach physiology with ecological in conjunction with, agricultural machinery be combined with agronomy, organic and inorganic combination, Chi XiaoWith quick-acting combinations, allow the peasant household of plantation hybrid paddy rice enjoy the disposable convenient service settling at one go that completes, no longer need east to run quicklyWest is walked, and has saved resource, manpower and time, especially improves the goodness of fit of agricultural machinery and agronomy, significantly improves percentage establishment of seedling, turns green and tillerRate and productivity ratio, thus make hybrid paddy rice adapt to fast pace, the high efficiency requirement of modernization Mechanical culture.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1, hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance of the present invention significantly improves the goodness of fit of agricultural machinery and agronomy, mechanical damageLittle, promote percentage establishment of seedling, turn green tillering capacity and the large raising of productivity ratio.
2, hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance comprehensive nutrition of the present invention, is applicable to hybrid paddy rice mechanization seedling, makesPaddy seeds is emerged and is taken root soon, and planting percent is high, rice shoot is healthy and strong.
3, hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance of the present invention can directly use, and uses front without reprocessing.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
A kind of hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance, parts by weight of raw materials proportioning is as follows: the straw straw that water content is less than 10%50 ~ 60 parts, bar, pig manure 12-15 part of dry and comfortable abundant fermentation, chicken manure 6-10 part, cow dung 3-5 part; Medium carrier class: dry fine earth or10 ~ 15 parts of silts, 3 ~ 5 parts of vermiculites; Matrix synergy class: approximately 1 part, the ratio of concrete material and shared whole matrix synergy classHeavy, nitrolim accounts for 70%; Calcium superphosphate 20%; Sodium metasilicate accounts for 8%; Boron and zinc account for 1%; Agricultural photosynthetic bacteria 1%.
Preparation method: after 1. grass stalk is pulverized, start organic agriculture discarded object, carrier class and synergy class material, except rawThe outer mixing and stirring of the active bacterium of thing, sprays appropriate natural pond water, water spray standard: total amount is no more than 25% of gross mass, stalk while mixingRaw material reaches 80% left and right of maximum water-holding capacity, and ight soil class is not completely mashed, and grogs class is moistening does not touch with one's hand;
2. after mixing, draw immediately the long taper heap of heap in, high approximately 2 meters of general heap, heap be about 5 meters (heap is average wide approximately 2 meters, itsVolume approximately 10 cubic meters; The number of " heap " depending on total base starting material number), in heaps after with plastic sheeting for farm use cover, stack retting 20～30It carries out hot fermentation. In the situation of mean temperature >=25 DEG C, heap center maximum temperature is advisable at 60 DEG C-65 DEG C;
3. fermentation for the second time, carries out " turning " and (inside and outsidely evenly stirs up and down, especially unputrefied raw material should be translated into heapCenter), keep humidity 15 ~ 20% left and right, bacillus subtilis, facultative anaerobe, agricultural photosynthetic bacteria etc. are added in turning simultaneouslyBiologically active microbial inoculum, promotion fermentation or sterilization, the evil etc. of going out, more heavily pile rectangular cone heap or dome heap, and being covered, heap center is the highestTemperature is advisable at 25 ~ 35 DEG C, ferments 15～20 days. Indicate: the desirable growing environment of biologically active microbial inoculum be humidity 15 ~ 20%,25 ~ 35 DEG C of temperature, pH value is between 5.5 ~ 7.5.
4. fermentation for the third time, after step (3) completes, then carries out turning, and compost again covers, ferment for the third time, and controlZhi Dui center maximum temperature is advisable at 25 DEG C-35 DEG C, ferments 15～20 days.
The seedling raising ground substance standard that the present invention is prepared:
1. physical behavior. Form: slaking larger molecular organicses such as (lose original shape) stalks of rotting, volume-diminished half, matterGround becomes consolidation, sticky husky than rationally, " clay fertilizer " one; Color: pitchy; Smell: without unusual odor, or have one humic fertilizer gas;There is no ammonia and corrupt gas, do not burn root and hinder seedling; Moisture: water content 13%～15%, aqueous vapor is coordinated, and does not lump or agglomerating, and hand is pinched intoGroup, hand is thrown loose;
2. chemical property. Be rich in essential N, P, K and appropriate trace element, crude fibre >=30%, organic >=10%; PHValue is 7 left and right; Heavy metal does not exceed standard, without toxicity, side effect;
3. biological character. Through hot fermentation sterilizing, antagonism sterilizing, without paddy rice germ, the death of insect ovum, weed seed losesRemove germinating power, and contain the required physiological activator of plant (being produced by microorganism fermentation). Paddy seeds is emerged and is taken root soon, becomesSeedling rate is high, rice shoot is healthy and strong.
Claims (7)
1. a hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance, is characterized in that, raw material is by weight ratio:
Water content is less than 50 parts-60 parts of 10% agricultural crop straws;
Water content is less than 21 parts-30 parts of 10% animal wastes;
13 parts-20 parts of medium carriers;
1 part-2 parts of matrix synergist;
Wherein, described matrix synergist is made up of the component of following quality percentage composition: nitrolim accounts for 65%-75%; Peroxophosphoric acidCalcium 15%-25%; Sodium metasilicate accounts for 7%-9%; Boron and zinc account for 0.5%-1.5%; Biologically active microbial inoculum 0.5%-1.5%, each constituent mass hundredDividing content sum is 100%; Described biologically active microbial inoculum is selected from bacillus subtilis, facultative anaerobe and agricultural photosynthetic bacteriaOne or several;
Preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) by above-mentioned weight portion proportioning, by crops stalk crushing, mix and stir with other raw material except agricultural photosynthetic bacteriaMix evenly, Ban Bianpen natural pond, limit water, water total amount is no more than 25% of raw material gross mass, makes agricultural crop straw raw material reach maximum and holdsThe 70%-80% of the water yield is advisable, and obtains mixture;
(2) by described step (1) mixture compost, with plastic sheeting for farm use covering, stack retting ferments for 20～30 days, heap center maximum temperatureBe advisable at 60 DEG C-65 DEG C;
(3) after step (2) completes, then carry out turning, inside and outsidely evenly stir up and down, unputrefied raw material is translated into heap center, protectHold humidity between 15%-20%, in turning, add biologically active microbial inoculum, control pH value between 5.5-7.5, then heapFertilizer, covers, and ferments for the second time, controls heap center maximum temperature and is advisable at 25 DEG C-35 DEG C, ferments 15～20 days;
(4) after step (3) completes, then carry out turning, compost again, covers, and ferments for the third time, controls the heap center highest temperatureDegree is advisable at 25 DEG C-35 DEG C, ferments 15～20 days.
2. hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described medium carrier is for dry thinOne or more in soil, silt and vermiculite.
3. hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described medium carrier existsBetween 0.01～2mm.
4. hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described medium carrier by weightConsist of: 10 ~ 15 parts of dry fine earth or silts, 3 ~ 5 parts of vermiculites.
5. hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described animal wastes be pig manure,One or more in chicken manure and cow dung.
6. hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described animal wastes by weightConsist of: pig manure 12-15 part, chicken manure 6-10 part, cow dung 3-5 part.
7. hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described matrix synergist by belowThe component composition of quality percentage composition: nitrolim accounts for 70%; Calcium superphosphate 20%; Sodium metasilicate accounts for 8%; Boron and zinc account for 1%; Biological livingProperty microbial inoculum 1%.
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| CN105493948A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-20 | 郎溪县新发镇华兵农作物种植家庭农场 | Nutrient soil for rice seedling growing |
| CN105493950B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2019-03-01 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising method and its application |
| CN106278478A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-04 | 淮安市中禾农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of special seedling medium of solanaceous vegetables |
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| CN106431576A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-02-22 | 南京沃优生物肥业有限公司 | Rice seedling-raising substrate for rice transplanter and preparation method of rice seedling-raising substrate |
| CN106489593A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-03-15 | 赖坤流 | A kind of compound method of Chrysaliclocarpus lutescens H. Wendl. culture medium |
| CN106495912B (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2020-02-07 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for preparing machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate by taking decomposed corn straws as raw materials |
| CN107721475A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-02-23 | 广西长耀隆农业科技有限公司 | A kind of rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
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